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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Beschrijving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beschrijving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etymologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Lipsius_-_Vinea_-_Pluteus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Lipsius_-_Vinea_-_Pluteus.JPG/260px-Lipsius_-_Vinea_-_Pluteus.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Lipsius_-_Vinea_-_Pluteus.JPG/390px-Lipsius_-_Vinea_-_Pluteus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Lipsius_-_Vinea_-_Pluteus.JPG/520px-Lipsius_-_Vinea_-_Pluteus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1096" /></a><figcaption>2 vineae en een pluteus, een rolscherm.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Avaricum_westpoint_july_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Avaricum_westpoint_july_2006.jpg/260px-Avaricum_westpoint_july_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Avaricum_westpoint_july_2006.jpg/390px-Avaricum_westpoint_july_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Avaricum_westpoint_july_2006.jpg/520px-Avaricum_westpoint_july_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Maquette van de <a href="/wiki/Slag_bij_Avaricum" class="mw-redirect" title="Slag bij Avaricum">slag bij Avaricum</a> met rijen aaneengesloten vineae.</figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>vinea</b> was een <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Rijk" title="Romeinse Rijk">Romeins</a> schutdak dat door <a href="/wiki/Romeins_legionair" title="Romeins legionair">legionairs</a> werd gebruikt om een vijandelijke <a href="/wiki/Vesting_(verdedigingswerk)" title="Vesting (verdedigingswerk)">vesting</a> te kunnen naderen zonder last te hebben van <a href="/wiki/Pijl_(wapen)" title="Pijl (wapen)">pijlen</a> van <a href="/wiki/Boogschieten" title="Boogschieten">boogschutters</a>, stenen en brandbare materialen waar de vijand hen vanaf de muren mee bestookte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beschrijving">Beschrijving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinea_(belegeringswerktuig)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Beschrijving" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinea_(belegeringswerktuig)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Beschrijving"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een vinea was gemaakt van een lichte houtconstructie, meestal ongeveer 2½ meter breed, 5 meter lang en 2 meter hoog. Het dak bestond uit een dubbele laag planken en gevlochten twijgen. De zijkanten bestonden uit vlechtwerk van twijgen om bescherming te bieden tegen vijandige projectielen. De gehele buitenkant was bekleed met vers gevilde huiden en natte brandwerende dekens om te voorkomen dat brandpijlen schade aanrichtten. De schutdaken stonden op palen, waaraan de legionairs de vineae optilden om deze aaneengeschakeld in een rij naar de vijandelijke muur te verplaatsen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Carthago" title="Carthago">Carthaagse</a> generaal <a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Barkas" title="Hannibal Barkas">Hannibal</a> zette in <a href="/wiki/218_v.Chr." title="218 v.Chr.">218 v.Chr.</a> vineae in tijdens het <a href="/wiki/Beleg_van_Saguntum" title="Beleg van Saguntum">beleg van Saguntum</a>, het begin van de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Punische_Oorlog" title="Tweede Punische Oorlog">Tweede Punische Oorlog</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> gebruikte in <a href="/wiki/56_v.Chr." title="56 v.Chr.">56 v.Chr.</a> tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Gallische_Oorlog" title="Gallische Oorlog">Gallische Oorlog</a> vineae om een belegerde stad te kunnen naderen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Met behulp van deze schut- of stormdaken konden de Romeinen ongehinderd verdedigings<a href="/wiki/Gracht" title="Gracht">grachten</a> dempen of muren ondermijnen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Het <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_leger" class="mw-redirect" title="Romeinse leger">Romeinse leger</a> gebruikte ook een zwaardere variant van de vinea, die bescherming bood tegen zwaardere projectielen. Deze beschermingsconstructie met wielen werd <a href="/wiki/Testudo_(belegeringswerktuig)" title="Testudo (belegeringswerktuig)">testudo</a> "<a href="/wiki/Schildpadden" title="Schildpadden">schildpad</a>" genoemd en leek wel wat op de <a href="/wiki/Kat_(constructie)" title="Kat (constructie)">kat</a> uit de <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwen</a>. Een zeer zwaar gepantserde lagere en smallere constructie, die op boomstamrollers naar de muur werd geschoven, werd <a href="/wiki/Musculus_(belegeringswerktuig)" title="Musculus (belegeringswerktuig)">musculus</a> genoemd. Deze werd onder de dekking van een vinea gebouwd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologie">Etymologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinea_(belegeringswerktuig)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Etymologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinea_(belegeringswerktuig)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Etymologie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vinea is de <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijnse</a> benaming van <a href="/wiki/Wijngaard" title="Wijngaard">wijngaard</a> en is afgeleid van het woord <i>vīnum</i> "<a href="/wiki/Wijn" title="Wijn">wijn</a>". Het woord vinea werd ook gebruikt om een met <a href="/wiki/Wijnrank" class="mw-redirect" title="Wijnrank">wijnranken</a> begroeid <a href="/wiki/Prieel" title="Prieel">prieel</a> mee aan te duiden, dat bescherming tegen de zon bood. De Romeinse militaire schutdaken kregen dezelfde naam. </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Publius_Flavius_Vegetius_Renatus" title="Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus">Vegetius</a></span>, <i>De re militari</i> (over militaire zaken) IV 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Titus_Livius" title="Titus Livius">Livius</a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita_(boek)" title="Ab urbe condita (boek)">Ab urbe condita</a></i> XXI 7-8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Commentarii_de_bello_Gallico" title="Commentarii de bello Gallico">Commentarii de bello Gallico</a></i> III 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">H.M.F. Landolt</span>, <i>Militair Woordenboek</i> (Leiden 1861) in: <a href="/wiki/Digitale_Bibliotheek_voor_de_Nederlandse_Letteren" title="Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren">Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/land016mili01_01/land016mili01_01_0028.php#a3551"><i>Krijgswerktuigen der Ouden</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output 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.rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Algemeen:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Belegeringstoren" title="Belegeringstoren">belegeringstoren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stormram" title="Stormram">stormram</a> · <a href="/wiki/Katapult" title="Katapult">katapult</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Belegeringstoren" title="Belegeringstoren">Belegeringstorens</a> en -<a href="/wiki/Brug_(bouwwerk)" title="Brug (bouwwerk)">bruggen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Helepolis" title="Helepolis">helepolis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sambuca_(wapen)" title="Sambuca (wapen)">sambuca</a> · <a href="/wiki/Corvus_(krijgskunde)" title="Corvus (krijgskunde)">corvus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biesbrug" title="Biesbrug">biesbrug</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Pantser_(militair)" title="Pantser (militair)">Pantserconstructies</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">vinea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Musculus_(belegeringswerktuig)" title="Musculus (belegeringswerktuig)">musculus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Testudo_(belegeringswerktuig)" title="Testudo (belegeringswerktuig)">testudo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mantelet" title="Mantelet">mantelet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kat_(constructie)" title="Kat (constructie)">kat</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Spangeschut" title="Spangeschut">Spankatapulten</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Gastraphetes" title="Gastraphetes">gastraphetes</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oxybeles" title="Oxybeles">oxybeles</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jiaoche-nu" title="Jiaoche-nu">jiaoche-nu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Shoushe-nu" title="Shoushe-nu">shoushe-nu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chuangzi-nu" title="Chuangzi-nu">chuangzi-nu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arcuballista" title="Arcuballista">arcuballista</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lepelblijde" title="Lepelblijde">lepelblijde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Springald#Spanspringald" title="Springald">spanspringald</a> · <a href="/wiki/Einarm" title="Einarm">einarm</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Torsiegeschut" title="Torsiegeschut">Torsiekatapulten</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Monankon" title="Monankon">monankon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Euthytone" title="Euthytone">euthytone</a> · <a href="/wiki/Palintone" title="Palintone">palintone</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">ballista</a> · <a href="/wiki/Onager_(wapen)" title="Onager (wapen)">onager</a> · <a href="/wiki/Polybolos" title="Polybolos">polybolos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(wapen)" title="Scorpio (wapen)">scorpio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cheiroballistra" title="Cheiroballistra">cheiroballistra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Springald#Torsiespringald" title="Springald">torsiespringald</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ziyar" title="Ziyar">ziyar</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Slingerarm" title="Slingerarm">Slingerarmkatapulten</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Jiche" title="Jiche">jiche</a> · <a href="/wiki/Xuanfeng_pao" title="Xuanfeng pao">xuanfeng pao</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sijiao_pao" title="Sijiao pao">sijiao pao</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hudun_pao" title="Hudun pao">hudun pao</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pierri%C3%A8re" title="Pierrière">pierrière</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bricole" title="Bricole">bricole</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mangonel" title="Mangonel">mangonel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trebuchet" title="Trebuchet">trebuchet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Couillard" title="Couillard">couillard</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pijlentrebuchet" title="Pijlentrebuchet">pijlentrebuchet</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Overige:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Agger_(bouwwerk)" title="Agger (bouwwerk)">agger</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aerotonon" title="Aerotonon">aerotonon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stormladder" title="Stormladder">stormladder</a> · <a href="/wiki/Muurboor" title="Muurboor">muurboor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dolabra" title="Dolabra">dolabra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Falx" title="Falx">falx</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klauw_van_Archimedes" title="Klauw van Archimedes">klauw van Archimedes</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tonnelon" title="Tonnelon">tonnelon</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vinea_(belegeringswerktuig)&oldid=66972341">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vinea_(belegeringswerktuig)&oldid=66972341</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a 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