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id="toc-By_place" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_Crusade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_Crusade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Fifth Crusade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_Crusade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongol_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongol_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Mongol Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongol_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.6</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesoamerica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesoamerica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.7</span> <span>Mesoamerica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesoamerica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1221</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 137 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-137" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">137 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1221 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1221 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B2%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۲۱ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۲۲۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A7" title="১২২১ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১২২১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_n%C3%AE" title="1221 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1221 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221." title="1221. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1221." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B2%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۲۱ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۲۲۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%E5%B9%B4" title="1221年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1221年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%EB%85%84" title="1221년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1221년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7" title="१२२१ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१२२१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221." title="1221. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1221." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A7" title="মারি ১২২১ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১২২১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1221-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1221-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1221 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1221 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1221 (almanak jilyen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1221 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_%D0%B8" title="1221 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1221 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221._gads" title="1221. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1221. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_m." title="1221 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1221 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स. १२२१ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १२२१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B2%DB%B1" title="۱۲۲۱ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۲۲۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1221 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1221 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1221 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1221 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%82%E1%81%82%E1%81%81" title="၁၂၂၁ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၂၂၁" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7" title="सन् १२२१ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १२२१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%E5%B9%B4" title="1221年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1221年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A8%E0%AD%A8%E0%AD%A7" title="୧୨୨୧ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୨୨୧" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7" title="१२२१ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१२२१" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1221 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1221 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7" title="१२२१ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१२२१" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%D8%B9" title="1221ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1221ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A2%D9%A2%D9%A1" title="١٢٢١ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٢٢١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221." title="1221. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1221." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1221 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1221 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1764" title="พ.ศ. 1764 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1764" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1221" title="Соли 1221 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1221" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%D8%A1" title="1221ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1221ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%E5%B9%B4" title="1221年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1221年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%E5%B9%B4" title="1221年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1221年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%E5%B9%B4" title="1221年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1221年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_century" title="14th century">14th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1200s_(decade)" title="1200s (decade)">1200s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1210s" title="1210s">1210s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1220s" title="1220s">1220s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1230s" title="1230s">1230s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1240s" title="1240s">1240s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1218" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1218">1218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1219" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1219">1219</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1220" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1220">1220</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1221" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1221">1221</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1222" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1222">1222</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1223" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1223">1223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1224" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1224">1224</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1221" title="Category:1221">1221 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_in_1221&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of sovereign states in 1221 (page does not exist)">Political entities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1221" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1221">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_13th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 13th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1221_births" title="Category:1221 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1221_deaths" title="Category:1221 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1221_establishments" title="Category:1221 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1221_disestablishments" title="Category:1221 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Art and literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/1221_in_poetry" title="1221 in poetry">1221 in poetry</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1221 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1221<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCCXXI</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>1974</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>670<br />ԹՎ ՈՀ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>5971</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1142–1143</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>627–628</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2171</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>5 <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Hen. 3</a> – 6 <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Hen. 3</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>1765</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>583</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>6729–6730</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">庚辰</a>年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a>)<br />3918 or 3711<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />辛巳年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>)<br />3919 or 3712</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>937–938</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2387</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1213–1214</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>4981–4982</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1277–1278</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1142–1143</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4321–4322</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11221</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>221–222</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>599–600</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>617–618</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Jōkyū">Jōkyū</a> 3<br />(承久３年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1129–1130</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>1221<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCCXXI</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3554</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>691 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前691年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>−247</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>1763–1764</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳金龙年<br />(male Iron-<a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a>)<br />1347 or 966 or 194<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴金蛇年<br />(female Iron-<a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>)<br />1348 or 967 or 195</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jalal_al-Din_Khwarazm-Shah_crossing_the_rapid_Indus_river,_escaping_Chinggis_Khan_and_his_army.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Jalal_al-Din_Khwarazm-Shah_crossing_the_rapid_Indus_river%2C_escaping_Chinggis_Khan_and_his_army.jpg/300px-Jalal_al-Din_Khwarazm-Shah_crossing_the_rapid_Indus_river%2C_escaping_Chinggis_Khan_and_his_army.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="466" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Jalal_al-Din_Khwarazm-Shah_crossing_the_rapid_Indus_river%2C_escaping_Chinggis_Khan_and_his_army.jpg/450px-Jalal_al-Din_Khwarazm-Shah_crossing_the_rapid_Indus_river%2C_escaping_Chinggis_Khan_and_his_army.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Jalal_al-Din_Khwarazm-Shah_crossing_the_rapid_Indus_river%2C_escaping_Chinggis_Khan_and_his_army.jpg/600px-Jalal_al-Din_Khwarazm-Shah_crossing_the_rapid_Indus_river%2C_escaping_Chinggis_Khan_and_his_army.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Mangburni" title="Jalal al-Din Mangburni">Jalal al-Din Mangburni</a> (left) crosses the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a> and escapes <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Year <b>1221</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCCXXI</a></b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Friday" title="Common year starting on Friday">common year starting on Friday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_place">By place</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine Empire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Theodore_I_Laskaris" title="Theodore I Laskaris">Theodore I Laskaris</a> dies after a 16-year reign and is succeeded by his son-in-law <a href="/wiki/John_III_Doukas_Vatatzes" title="John III Doukas Vatatzes">John III Doukas Vatatzes</a>. John fends off Theodore's brothers, who believe that they have the better claim for the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Empire of Nicaea</a>. In December, he becomes the sole ruler, and during his reign, the Empire becomes the most powerful of the Byzantine successor states and the frontrunner in the race to recover <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John also cultivates a close relationship with <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, and negotiates with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Honorius_III" title="Pope Honorius III">Pope Honorius III</a> about the possibility of reuniting the Church.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fifth_Crusade">Fifth Crusade</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fifth Crusade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June" title="June">June</a> – Sultan <a href="/wiki/Al-Kamil" title="Al-Kamil">Al-Kamil</a> again offers peace terms to Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Pelagio_Galvani" title="Pelagio Galvani">Pelagius</a> with the cession of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and all <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> apart from <a href="/wiki/Oultrejordain" class="mw-redirect" title="Oultrejordain">Oultrejordain</a>, together with a 30 years' truce and money compensation for the dismantling of Jerusalem. Meanwhile, a German contingent under <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Louis I, Duke of Bavaria">Louis I of Bavaria</a> arrives at <a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a>, with orders from Frederick II not to launch an attack on <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> until the emperor's arrival. Louis and Pelagius decide to advance into <a href="/wiki/Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Egypt in the Middle Ages">Egypt</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Mansoura,_Egypt" title="Mansoura, Egypt">Mansoura</a>, where Al-Kamil has built a fortress to protect Cairo. The Crusaders assemble their armies and tents are set up just up the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a>, on <a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – Pelagius orders a three-days fast in preparation for the advance. King <a href="/wiki/John_of_Brienne" title="John of Brienne">John I of Jerusalem</a> arrives at Damietta to rejoin the Crusade at the command of Honorius III. The Crusader force moves towards <a href="/wiki/Sheremsah" title="Sheremsah">Sheremsah</a>, halfway between <a href="/wiki/Faraskur" title="Faraskur">Faraskur</a> and Mansoura on the east bank of the Nile, occupying the city on <a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a>. Sources tell of 630 ships of various sizes, 5,000 knights, 4,000 archers, and 40,000 men. A horde of pilgrims march with the army. They are ordered to keep close to the river, to supply the Crusaders with water. Pelagius plans a new offensive and leaves a large garrison at Damietta.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – Pelagius moves the Crusader forces near <a href="/wiki/Ashmun_al-Rumman" title="Ashmun al-Rumman">Ashmun al-Rumman</a>, on the opposite bank from Mansoura. Queen-Regent <a href="/wiki/Alice_of_Champagne" title="Alice of Champagne">Alice of Cyprus</a> and leaders of the military orders warn Pelagius of a large Muslim army being formed in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. Meanwhile, the Egyptian army under Al-Kamil crosses the Nile near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Manzaleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Manzaleh">Lake Manzaleh</a> and establishes themselves between the Crusader camp and Damietta. In the Ushmum canal at Sheremsah, Al-Kamil's ships sail down the Nile and block the Crusaders' line of communications to Damietta. In August, Pelagius orders a retreat, but the route is cut off by Egyptians.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1221)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1221)">Battle of Mansoura</a>: The Crusader army led by Pelagius and John I of Jerusalem is defeated by the Egyptian forces at Mansoura. John and the military orders fight a last stand on the river banks of the Nile. He beats off a Nubian assault (supported by elite Turkish cavalry) and drives them back, but only after thousands of soldiers have perished. The remaining Crusaders are surrounded by Al-Kamil's forces and begin a desperate retreat to Damietta. The city is well-garrisoned and supplied with arms; a naval squadron under <a href="/wiki/Henry,_Count_of_Malta" title="Henry, Count of Malta">Henry, Count of Malta</a> ("Enrico Pescatore") defends the harbour against the Egyptians.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crusaders retreat under cover of darkness. Many of the soldiers cannot bear to abandon their stores of wine, and drink them all rather than leave them. The <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Knights</a> set fire to the stores that they cannot carry, thus informing the Egyptians that they are abandoning their positions. In the meantime, Al-Kamil orders opening of the sluices along the right bank of the Nile, flooding the area. Pelagius on his ship is carried by the floodwaters past the blockading Egyptian fleet. Other ships, carrying the medical supplies of the army and much of its food, escape, but many are captured.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – Pelagius sues for peace and sends an envoy to Al-Kamil. The terms of surrender are accepted, which includes the retreat from Damietta – leaving Egypt with the remnants of the Crusader army and an 8-year truce. After prisoners are exchanged, Al-Kamil enters Damietta on <a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">Fifth Crusade</a> ends with nothing gained for the West, with much lost, men, resources and reputations. The Crusaders blame Frederick II for not being there. Pelagius is accused of ineffectual leadership and a misguided view, which has led to rejecting the sultan's peace offerings.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mongol_Empire">Mongol Empire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mongol Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> orders an armed reconnaissance expedition into the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> (consisting of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>) under the command of <a href="/wiki/Subutai" title="Subutai">Subutai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jebe" title="Jebe">Jebe</a> ("the Arrow"). The Mongols defeat two Georgian armies around <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, but lack the will or equipment to besiege the capital city. During the fighting, King <a href="/wiki/George_IV_of_Georgia" title="George IV of Georgia">George IV of Georgia</a> himself is severely wounded and his elite knights are massacred. Meanwhile in <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bamyan" title="Siege of Bamyan">Bamyan</a>, the ruler <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> leads a Mongol force that besieges and captures the fortified city after fierce resistance; during the fighting, his grandson <a href="/wiki/Mutukan" title="Mutukan">Mutukan</a> is killed, prompting a brutal massacre of the city’s defenders. The Mongols then return to <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia</a>, and burn and pillage a few more cities.<sup id="cite_ref-RuncimanIII207_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RuncimanIII207-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>February – The cities of <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a> (perhaps the world's largest up to this date), <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur">Nishapur</a> which have peacefully surrendered rise up in arms. Genghis Khan sends his son <a href="/wiki/Tolui" title="Tolui">Tolui</a> to spend an extra month to subdue the revolts. Contemporary scholars report over a million people are systematically killed in a <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RuncimanIII205_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RuncimanIII205-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Parwan" title="Battle of Parwan">Battle of Parwan</a>: Sultan <a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Mangburni" title="Jalal al-Din Mangburni">Jalal al-Din Mangburni</a> recruits an army of Turkic and Afghan warriors numbering some 60,000 men. As soon as news of this reaches Genghis Khan he sends a Mongol army of 30,000 men, led by his stepbrother <a href="/wiki/Shikhikhutug" class="mw-redirect" title="Shikhikhutug">Shikhikhutug</a>. Meanwhile, Jalal al-Din moves to <a href="/wiki/Parwan_Province" title="Parwan Province">Parwan</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>), where the two armies meet in a narrow valley. Jalal al-Din takes the initiative, ordering his right-wing of Turks to dismount and engage in a skirmish. On the third day, the Mongols are finally defeated by the Khwarezmian forces and are forced to retreat. Shikhikhutug is driven off in defeat, losing over half his army.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October – The Mongol army raids Georgia for the second time, and Subutai and Jebe allow their forces to pass through the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasus Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RuncimanIII207_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RuncimanIII207-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Indus" title="Battle of the Indus">Battle of the Indus</a>: Left with some 20,000 men, Jalal al-Din Mangburni has headed for the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a> where Genghis catches up with him. In a desperate battle the Khwarezmain forces are destroyed, completing the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire">Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire</a>, while Jalal al-Din flees across the river and escapes into <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RuncimanIII205_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RuncimanIII205-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – The Jewish population of <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Thuringia" title="Duchy of Thuringia">Duchy of Thuringia</a>) is massacred after a <a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">ritual murder libel</a>. A crowd storms the synagogue where the Jews have gathered with the threat of <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> or death. The Jewish quarter, including the synagogue, is razed: many Jews are tortured and killed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tallinn" title="Siege of Tallinn">Siege of Tallinn</a>: An Estonian Crusader army tries to conquer the Danish stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> with the help of <a href="/wiki/Revala" title="Revala">Revalians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harjumaa_(ancient_county)" title="Harjumaa (ancient county)">Harrians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virumaa" title="Virumaa">Vironians</a>. They besiege the stronghold for 14 days but finally retreat their forces.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Britain">Britain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – 10-year-old <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_England,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Joan of England, Queen of Scotland">Joan of England</a>, eldest daughter of the late <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">King John</a>, marries the 21-year-old King <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Scotland" title="Alexander II of Scotland">Alexander II of Scotland</a> at <a href="/wiki/York_Minster" title="York Minster">York Minster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia">Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Juntoku" title="Emperor Juntoku">Emperor Juntoku</a> is forced to abdicate, and is briefly succeeded by his 2-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D" title="Emperor Chūkyō">Chūkyō</a> on the throne of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Ex-Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Toba" title="Emperor Go-Toba">Go-Toba</a> leads the unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_War" title="Jōkyū War">Jōkyū War</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura shogunate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – The 9-year-old <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Horikawa" title="Emperor Go-Horikawa">Go-Horikawa</a> ascends to the <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum_Throne" title="Chrysanthemum Throne">Chrysanthemum Throne</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Imperial_Palace" title="Kyoto Imperial Palace">Kyoto Imperial Palace</a> in Japan. He is a grandson of the late Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Takakura" title="Emperor Takakura">Takakura</a> and a nephew of the exiled Go-Toba.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mesoamerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Maya</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Yucatán region">Yucatán</a> revolt against the rulers of <a href="/wiki/Chichen_Itza" title="Chichen Itza">Chichen Itza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky" title="Alexander Nevsky">Alexander Nevsky</a>, Kievan Grand Prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1263" title="1263">1263</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-rozhdenia_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rozhdenia-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Przemys%C5%82_I_of_Greater_Poland" title="Przemysł I of Greater Poland">Przemysł I</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> and knight (d. <a href="/wiki/1257" title="1257">1257</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Salimbene_di_Adam" title="Salimbene di Adam">Salimbene di Adam</a>, Italian chronicler (d. <a href="/wiki/1290" title="1290">1290</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Qutuz" title="Qutuz">Saif al-Din Qutuz</a>, Egyptian military leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1260" title="1260">1260</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X</a> ("the Wise"), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1284" title="1284">1284</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisone_III_of_Torres" title="Barisone III of Torres">Barisone III</a>, Sardinian judge of <a href="/wiki/Judge_of_Logudoro" title="Judge of Logudoro">Logudoro</a> (or Torres) (d. <a href="/wiki/1236" title="1236">1236</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a>, Italian theologian and philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1274" title="1274">1274</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-walsh_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walsh-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_XI_of_Lusignan" title="Hugh XI of Lusignan">Hugh XI of Lusignan</a>, French nobleman and knight (d. <a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Provence" title="Margaret of Provence">Margaret of Provence</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">France</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1295" title="1295">1295</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissh%C5%8D" title="Nisshō">Nisshō</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhist</a> priest and teacher (d. <a href="/wiki/1323" title="1323">1323</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_II,_Count_of_Bar" title="Theobald II, Count of Bar">Theobald II, Count of Bar</a>, French nobleman and knight (d. <a href="/wiki/1291" title="1291">1291</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Devereux_of_Bodenham_and_Bromwich" title="Walter Devereux of Bodenham and Bromwich">Walter Devereux</a>, Anglo-Norman nobleman and knight (d. <a href="/wiki/1292" title="1292">1292</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mauduit,_8th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="William Mauduit, 8th Earl of Warwick">William Mauduit, 8th Earl of Warwick</a>, English nobleman and knight (d. <a href="/wiki/1268" title="1268">1268</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Clifford_(died_1221)" title="Walter de Clifford (died 1221)">Walter de Clifford</a>, English nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1160" title="1160">1160</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_I,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Theodoric I, Margrave of Meissen">Theodoric I, Margrave of Meissen</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1162" title="1162">1162</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raoul_de_Neuville" title="Raoul de Neuville">Raoul de Neuville</a>, French bishop and diplomat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Portugal" title="Berengaria of Portugal">Berengaria of Portugal</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Samuel" title="Baruch ben Samuel">Baruch ben Samuel</a> of Mainz, German <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Cornwall" title="Peter of Cornwall">Peter of Cornwall</a>, English priest and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1140" title="1140">1140</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican Order</a>, canonized (b. <a href="/wiki/1170" title="1170">1170</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Rohan" title="Geoffrey of Rohan">Geoffrey of Rohan</a>, French nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1190" title="1190">1190</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Count_of_Ponthieu" title="William IV, Count of Ponthieu">William IV, Count of Ponthieu</a> (Talvas), Norman nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1179" title="1179">1179</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alix,_Duchess_of_Brittany" title="Alix, Duchess of Brittany">Alix, Duchess of Brittany</a> (or Alis), Breton noblewoman (b. <a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_II_(bishop_of_Passau)" title="Ulrich II (bishop of Passau)">Ulrich II</a>, Bishop of Passau, German <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> and prince-bishop</li> <li>November – <a href="/wiki/Theodore_I_Laskaris" title="Theodore I Laskaris">Theodore I Laskaris</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Nicaea</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1175" title="1175">1175</a>)</li> <li>December – <a href="/wiki/Roger_(archbishop_of_Benevento)" title="Roger (archbishop of Benevento)">Roger of San Severino</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Benevento" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Benevento">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_of_Perseigne" title="Adam of Perseigne">Adam of Perseigne</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercian</a> abbot (b. <a href="/wiki/1145" title="1145">1145</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertet_de_Sestaro" title="Albertet de Sestaro">Albertet de Sestaro</a>, French jongleur and <a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asukai_Masatsune" title="Asukai Masatsune">Asukai Masatsune</a>, Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Waka_(poetry)" title="Waka (poetry)">waka</a></i> poet and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalibela_(Emperor_of_Ethiopia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lalibela (Emperor of Ethiopia)">Lalibela</a> (Gebre Meskel), ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a> (b. 1162)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruffydd_Fychan_ap_Iorwerth" title="Gruffydd Fychan ap Iorwerth">Gruffydd Fychan ap Iorwerth</a>, Welsh knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1150" title="1150">1150</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_III_of_Alamut" title="Hassan III of Alamut">Hassan III of Alamut</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Nizari_Ismaili_state" title="Nizari Ismaili state">Nizari Ismaili State</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_Rodez" title="Henry I of Rodez">Henry I of Rodez</a>, French nobleman and troubadour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Tynemouth_(canon_lawyer)" title="John of Tynemouth (canon lawyer)">John of Tynemouth</a>, English priest, archdeacon and lawyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najmuddin_Kubra" class="mw-redirect" title="Najmuddin Kubra">Najmuddin Kubra</a>, Khwarezmian philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1145" title="1145">1145</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bigod,_2nd_Earl_of_Norfolk" title="Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk">Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk</a>, English nobleman and knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1144" title="1144">1144</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Lindsay_of_Lamberton" title="Walter de Lindsay of Lamberton">Walter de Lindsay of Lamberton</a>, Scottish nobleman and knight</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Akropolites (2007). <i>The History</i>, p. 160. Trans. <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Macrides" title="Ruth Macrides">Ruth Macrides</a>. New York: Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Steven Runciman</a> (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, p. 140. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, pp. 140–141. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, p. 141. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maalouf, Amin (2006). <i>The Crusades through Arab Eyes</i>, pp. 225–226. Saqi Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-863-56023-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-863-56023-1">978-0-863-56023-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, pp. 141–142. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, pp. 142–143. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RuncimanIII207-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RuncimanIII207_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RuncimanIII207_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, p. 207. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RuncimanIII205-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RuncimanIII205_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RuncimanIII205_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, pp. 205–206. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tanner, Stephen (2009). <i>Afghanistan - A Military History from Alexander the Great to the War against the Taliban</i>, p. 94. Da Capo Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agnes Mure MacKenzie (1957). <i>The Foundations of Scotland</i>, p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1998" class="citation book cs1">Perkins, George W. (August 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c8rKCOSmKEMC&q=Emperor+Go-Horikawa+1221&pg=PA59">"Mourning Attire"</a>. <i>The Clear Mirror: A Chronicle of the Japanese Court During the Kamakura Period (1185-1333)</i>. Stanford University Press. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0804763887" title="Special:BookSources/0804763887"><bdi>0804763887</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mourning+Attire&rft.btitle=The+Clear+Mirror%3A+A+Chronicle+of+the+Japanese+Court+During+the+Kamakura+Period+%281185-1333%29&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1998-08&rft.isbn=0804763887&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=George+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc8rKCOSmKEMC%26q%3DEmperor%2BGo-Horikawa%2B1221%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1221" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Bodley_ScottGraham_BriggsRudy_Scott_Nelson2009" class="citation book cs1">Richard Bodley Scott; Graham Briggs; Rudy Scott Nelson (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141227215302/https://books.google.ca/books?id=WsY3rtoy8KoC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=Chichen+Itza+revolt+1221&source=bl&ots=4z9kwdYItx&sig=oWKAhMg8_8XLT2GEmYO0Cj7g5mw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5QufVPu-O46fyASB1oGYAw&ved=0CEkQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Chichen%20Itza%20revolt%201221&f=false#v=onepage&q=Chichen%20Itza%20revolt%201221&f=false"><i>Blood and Gold: The Americas at War</i></a>. Osprey Publishing. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1846036910" title="Special:BookSources/978-1846036910"><bdi>978-1846036910</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WsY3rtoy8KoC&q=Chichen+Itza+revolt+1221&pg=PA35">the original</a> on December 27, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+and+Gold%3A+The+Americas+at+War&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1846036910&rft.au=Richard+Bodley+Scott&rft.au=Graham+Briggs&rft.au=Rudy+Scott+Nelson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWsY3rtoy8KoC%26q%3DChichen%2BItza%2Brevolt%2B1221%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1221" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBancroft1883" class="citation book cs1">Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=23V0AAAAMAAJ&q=Chichen+Itza+revolt+1221&pg=PA631"><i>The native races. 1882-86</i></a>. British Columbia: History Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+native+races.+1882-86&rft.place=British+Columbia&rft.pub=History+Company&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Bancroft&rft.aufirst=Hubert+Howe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D23V0AAAAMAAJ%26q%3DChichen%2BItza%2Brevolt%2B1221%26pg%3DPA631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1221" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rozhdenia-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rozhdenia_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFV.A._Kuchkin1986" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">V.A. Kuchkin (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150222201904/http://www.maxknow.ru/images/upload/articles45/1160.htm"><bdi lang="ru">О дате рождения Александра Невского</bdi></a> [About the Birthdate of Alexander Nevsky]. <i>Вопросы истории [Questions of History]</i> (in Russian) (2): <span class="nowrap">174–</span>176. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maxknow.ru/images/upload/articles45/1160.htm">the original</a> on February 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%5BQuestions+of+History%5D&rft.atitle=%D0%9E+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E174-%3C%2Fspan%3E176&rft.date=1986&rft.au=V.A.+Kuchkin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maxknow.ru%2Fimages%2Fupload%2Farticles45%2F1160.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1221" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRayborn2014" class="citation book cs1">Rayborn, Tim (October 9, 2014). "Popular Religion, Heresy and Mendicancy". <i>Against the Friars: Antifraternalism in Medieval France and England</i>. McFarland. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786468317" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786468317"><bdi>978-0786468317</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Popular+Religion%2C+Heresy+and+Mendicancy&rft.btitle=Against+the+Friars%3A+Antifraternalism+in+Medieval+France+and+England&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014-10-09&rft.isbn=978-0786468317&rft.aulast=Rayborn&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1221" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrancisco_Márquez_VillanuevaCarlos_Alberto_Vega1990" class="citation book cs1">Francisco Márquez Villanueva; Carlos Alberto Vega (1990). <i>Alfonso X of Castile, the learned king, 1221-1284: an international symposium, Harvard University, 17 November 1984</i>. Dept. of Romance Languages and Literatures of Harvard University. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0940940434" title="Special:BookSources/0940940434"><bdi>0940940434</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alfonso+X+of+Castile%2C+the+learned+king%2C+1221-1284%3A+an+international+symposium%2C+Harvard+University%2C+17+November+1984&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Dept.+of+Romance+Languages+and+Literatures+of+Harvard+University&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0940940434&rft.au=Francisco+M%C3%A1rquez+Villanueva&rft.au=Carlos+Alberto+Vega&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1221" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walsh-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-walsh_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFM._Walsh1991" class="citation book cs1">M. Walsh, ed. (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/butlerslivesofsa00butl"><i>Butler's Lives of the Saints</i></a></span>. New York: HarperCollins. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/butlerslivesofsa00butl/page/216">216</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060692995" title="Special:BookSources/9780060692995"><bdi>9780060692995</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Butler%27s+Lives+of+the+Saints&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780060692995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbutlerslivesofsa00butl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1221" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1864" class="citation book cs1">Perkins, Charles Callahan (1864). "The Arca Di S. Domenico.". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tuscansculptors04perkgoog"><i>Tuscan sculptors: their lives, works and times, Volume 1</i></a>. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tuscansculptors04perkgoog/page/n87">19</a>. <q>Saint Dominic 1221 August 6.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Arca+Di+S.+Domenico.&rft.btitle=Tuscan+sculptors%3A+their+lives%2C+works+and+times%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Green%2C+Longman%2C+Roberts%2C+%26+Green&rft.date=1864&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Charles+Callahan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftuscansculptors04perkgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1221" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1221&oldid=1284614731">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1221&oldid=1284614731</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1221" title="Category:1221">1221</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)">CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2011">Use mdy dates from February 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 April 2025, at 18:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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