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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=ICanHazPDF" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=ICanHazPDF" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_and_popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_and_popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Use and popularity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_and_popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="ICanHazPDF" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="ICanHazPDF" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="ICanHazPDF" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="ICanHazPDF" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ICanHazPDF" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="ไอแคนแฮซพีดีเอฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอแคนแฮซพีดีเอฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="ICanHazPDF" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="ICanHazPDF" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21175442#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="View the 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hashtag used on Twitter</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint">The correct title of this article is <b>#ICanHazPDF</b>. The omission of the <a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">#</a> is due to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)#Clashes_with_wiki_markup/HTML_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">technical restrictions</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:File_sharing" title="Category:File sharing">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg/80px-Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg/120px-Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg/160px-Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="585" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Technologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="File hosting service">File hosting services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">Peer to peer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Web hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDCC" title="XDCC">XDCC</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Video on demand sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/123Movies" title="123Movies">123Movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dailymotion" title="Dailymotion">Dailymotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeerTube" title="PeerTube">PeerTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putlocker" title="Putlocker">Putlocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">BitTorrent sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1337x" title="1337x">1337x</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTDigg" title="BTDigg">BTDigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonoid" title="Demonoid">Demonoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExtraTorrent" title="ExtraTorrent">ExtraTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EZTV" title="EZTV">EZTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IsoHunt" title="IsoHunt">isoHunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FitGirl_Repacks" title="FitGirl Repacks">FitGirl Repacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KickassTorrents" title="KickassTorrents">KickassTorrents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaa_Torrents" title="Nyaa Torrents">Nyaa Torrents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RARBG" title="RARBG">RARBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutracker.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutracker.org">Rutracker.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Rockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Rockers">Tamil Rockers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIFY" title="YIFY">YIFY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YourBittorrent" title="YourBittorrent">YourBittorrent</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Academic/scholarly</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ICanHazPDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_Genesis" title="Library Genesis">Library Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-Library" title="Z-Library">Z-Library</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">File sharing networks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Connect_(file_sharing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Connect (file sharing)">Direct Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDonkey_network" title="EDonkey network">eDonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella2" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphanet" title="Hyphanet">Hyphanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2P" title="I2P">I2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulseek" title="Soulseek">Soulseek</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">P2P clients</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BitComet" title="BitComet">BitComet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC%2B%2B" title="DC++">DC++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMule" title="EMule">eMule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filetopia" title="Filetopia">Filetopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">μTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnionShare" title="OnionShare">OnionShare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QBittorrent" title="QBittorrent">qBittorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shareaza" title="Shareaza">Shareaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinMX" title="WinMX">WinMX</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Streaming programs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter_Project" title="Butter Project">Butter Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodi_(software)" title="Kodi (software)">Kodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_Time" title="Popcorn Time">Popcorn Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrents-Time" title="Torrents-Time">Torrents-Time</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Anonymous file sharing</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darknet_(networking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Darknet (networking)">Darknet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend-to-friend" title="Friend-to-friend">Friend-to-friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_peer-to-peer" title="Private peer-to-peer">Private P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">Proxy server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seedbox" title="Seedbox">Seedbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Development and societal aspects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_file_sharing" title="Timeline of file sharing">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_issues_with_BitTorrent" title="Legal issues with BitTorrent">BitTorrent issues</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By country or region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing_in_Canada" title="File sharing in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing_in_Japan" title="File sharing in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing_in_Singapore" title="File sharing in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="File sharing in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing#United_States" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">USA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Comparisons</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">Comparison of BitTorrent clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites" title="Comparison of BitTorrent sites">Comparison of BitTorrent sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_eDonkey_software" title="Comparison of eDonkey software">Comparison of eDonkey software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Internet_Relay_Chat_clients" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients">Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Usenet_newsreaders" title="Comparison of Usenet newsreaders">Comparison of Usenet newsreaders</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:File_sharing_sidebar" title="Template:File sharing sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:File_sharing_sidebar" title="Template talk:File sharing sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:File_sharing_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:File sharing sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>#ICanHazPDF</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a> used on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> to request access to <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journal</a> articles which are behind <a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">paywalls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It began in 2011<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by scientist Andrea Kuszewski.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuszewski_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuszewski-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name is derived from the meme <a href="/wiki/I_Can_Has_Cheezburger%3F" title="I Can Has Cheezburger?">I Can Has Cheezburger?</a><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process">Process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICanHazPDF&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Users request articles by tweeting an article's title, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> or other linked information like a publisher's link,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their email address, and the hashtag "#ICanHazPDF". Someone who has access to the article might then email it to them. The user then deletes the original tweet.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, users who do not wish to post their email address in the clear can use direct messaging to exchange contact information with a volunteer who has offered to share the article of interest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_and_popularity">Use and popularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICanHazPDF&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use and popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The practice amounts to <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> in numerous countries,<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so is arguably part of the '<a href="/wiki/Black_open_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Black open access">black open access</a>' trend.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of requests are for articles published in the last five years, and most users are from English-speaking countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Requests for biology papers are more common than papers in other fields, despite subscription prices for chemistry, physics, and astronomy being, on average, higher than for biology.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Possible reasons for people to use the hashtag include the reluctance of readers to pay for article access and the speed of the process compared to most university <a href="/wiki/Interlibrary_loan" title="Interlibrary loan">interlibrary loans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICanHazPDF&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal_publishing_reform" title="Academic journal publishing reform">Academic journal publishing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna%27s_Archive" title="Anna's Archive">Anna's Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Access_Button" title="Open Access Button">Open Access Button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_Genesis" title="Library Genesis">Library Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_library" title="Shadow library">Shadow library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-Library" title="Z-Library">Z-Library</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICanHazPDF&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gardner-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGardnerCaffrey" class="citation web cs1">Gardner, Carolyn; Caffrey, Gabriel J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160210124259/http://eprints.rclis.org/24847/2/gardner.pdf">"Bypassing Interlibrary Loan Via Twitter: An Exploration of #icanhazpdf Requests"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ACRL 2015 Conference Proceedings</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.rclis.org/24847/2/gardner.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2015</span> – via <a href="/wiki/E-LIS" title="E-LIS">E-LIS</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ACRL+2015+Conference+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Bypassing+Interlibrary+Loan+Via+Twitter%3A+An+Exploration+of+%23icanhazpdf+Requests&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.au=Caffrey%2C+Gabriel+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.rclis.org%2F24847%2F2%2Fgardner.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AICanHazPDF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunnCoieraMandl2014" class="citation journal cs1">Dunn, Adam G.; Coiera, Enrico; Mandl, Kenneth D. 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title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fleap.1096">10.1002/leap.1096</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1741-4857">1741-4857</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Learned+Publishing&rft.atitle=Gold%2C+green%2C+and+black+open+access&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=173-175&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fleap.1096&rft.issn=1741-4857&rft.aulast=Bj%C3%B6rk&rft.aufirst=Bo-Christer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fleap.1096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AICanHazPDF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span 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journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuscript_(publishing)" title="Manuscript (publishing)">Manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">Preprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">Postprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_processing_charge" title="Article processing charge">Article processing charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predatory_publishing" title="Predatory publishing">Predatory publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Open_Access_Initiative" title="Budapest Open Access Initiative">Budapest Open Access Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_on_Open_Access_to_Knowledge_in_the_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities">Berlin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Statement_on_Open_Access_Publishing" title="Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing">Bethesda Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Declaration_on_Research_Assessment" title="San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment">DORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Statement_on_Open_Access_to_Legal_Scholarship" title="Durham Statement on Open Access to Legal Scholarship">Durham Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Declaration_on_the_Future_of_the_World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization">Geneva Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIH_Public_Access_Policy" title="NIH Public Access Policy">NIH Public Access Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Works_Act" title="Research Works Act">Research Works Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strategies</th><td 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class="mw-redirect" title="OpenAIRE">OpenAIRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Archives_Initiative" title="Open Archives Initiative">Open Archives Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Knowledge_Foundation" title="Open Knowledge Foundation">Open Knowledge Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">Open Society Foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_S" title="Plan S">Plan S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Library_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Library of Science">Public Library of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Knowledge_Project" title="Public Knowledge Project">Public Knowledge Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registry_of_Open_Access_Repositories" title="Registry of Open Access Repositories">Registry of Open Access Repositories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_Publishing_and_Academic_Resources_Coalition" title="Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition">Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Australia" title="Open access in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Austria" title="Open access in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Belgium" title="Open access in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Canada" title="Open access in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Denmark" title="Open access in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_France" title="Open access in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Germany" title="Open access in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Greece" title="Open access in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Hungary" title="Open access in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_India" title="Open access in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Open access in the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Italy" title="Open access in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_the_Netherlands" title="Open access in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_New_Zealand" title="Open access in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Norway" title="Open access in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Poland" title="Open access in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Portugal" title="Open access in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Russia" title="Open access in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_South_Africa" title="Open access in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Spain" title="Open access in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Sweden" title="Open access in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Ukraine" title="Open access in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access_to_Knowledge_movement" title="Access to Knowledge movement">Access to Knowledge movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access2Research" title="Access2Research">Access2Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-access_journals" title="List of open-access journals">List of open-access journals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">Open content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_data" title="Open data">Open data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_education" title="Open education">Open education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_government" title="Open government">Open government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_knowledge" title="Open knowledge">Open knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_science" title="Open science">Open science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source-software_movement" title="Open-source-software movement">Open source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academic_publishing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academic_publishing" title="Template:Academic publishing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academic_publishing" title="Template talk:Academic publishing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academic_publishing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academic publishing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academic_publishing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Academic publishing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">Academic journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">Scientific journal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_journal" title="Public health journal">Public health</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Papers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing#Scholarly_paper" title="Academic publishing">Paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_(summary)" title="Abstract (summary)">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_article" title="Review article">Review article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Position_paper" title="Position paper">Position paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_review" title="Literature review">Literature review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">Grey literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_paper" title="Working paper">Working paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper">White paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_report" title="Technical report">Technical report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_report" title="Annual report">Annual report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">Pamphlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">Essay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-notebook_science" title="Open-notebook science">Lab notes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other publication types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_of_articles" title="Collection of articles">Collection of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_patent" title="Biological patent">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_patent" title="Chemical patent">Chemical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Book</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">Monograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(books)" title="Chapter (books)">Chapter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poster_session" title="Poster session">Poster session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_proceedings" title="Conference proceedings">Proceedings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact and ranking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acknowledgment_index" title="Acknowledgment index">Acknowledgment index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altmetrics" title="Altmetrics">Altmetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article-level_metrics" title="Article-level metrics">Article-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author-level_metrics" title="Author-level metrics">Author-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliometrics" title="Bibliometrics">Bibliometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_impact" title="Citation impact">Citation impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_index" title="Citation index">Citation index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_ranking" title="Journal ranking">Journal ranking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eigenfactor" title="Eigenfactor">Eigenfactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-index" title="H-index">h-index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">Impact factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCImago_Journal_Rank" title="SCImago Journal Rank">SCImago Journal Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientometrics" title="Scientometrics">Scientometrics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reform and access</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal_publishing_reform" title="Academic journal publishing reform">Academic journal publishing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_citation_advantage" title="Open access citation advantage">Citation advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serials_crisis" title="Serials crisis">Serials crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">#ICanHazPDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versioning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">Preprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">Postprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Version_of_record" title="Version of record">Version of record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erratum" title="Erratum">Erratum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retraction_in_academic_publishing" title="Retraction in academic publishing">Retraction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Indexes and search engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMiner_(database)" title="AMiner (database)">AMiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASE_(search_engine)" title="BASE (search engine)">BASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORE_(research_service)" title="CORE (research service)">CORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">Semantic Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperity" title="Paperity">Paperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAlex" title="OpenAlex">OpenAlex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_writing" title="Scientific writing">Scientific writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">Peer review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_communication" title="Scholarly communication">Scholarly communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">Scientific literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Learned society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_research" title="Open research">Open research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_scientific_data" title="Open scientific data">Open scientific data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">Electronic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingelfinger_rule" title="Ingelfinger rule">Ingelfinger rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_publishable_unit" title="Least publishable unit">Least publishable unit</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Publish_or_perish" title="Publish or perish">Publish or perish</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_academic_journals" title="Lists of academic journals">Academic journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scientific_journals" title="List of scientific journals">Scientific journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-access_journals" title="List of open-access journals">Open-access journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Academic databases and search engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_university_presses" title="List of university presses">University presses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers" title="Copyright policies of academic publishers">Copyright policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_publishers_by_preprint_policy" title="List of academic publishers by preprint policy">Preprint policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_style_guides#Academic" title="List of style guides">Style/formatting guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_publishing" title="Category:Academic publishing">Category:Academic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientific_documents" title="Category:Scientific documents">Category:Scientific documents</a></li></ul> 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