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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">Ga na nootu akụkụ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">zoo</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mmalite</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nkọwa_na_ụdị" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nkọwa_na_ụdị"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nkọwa na ụdị</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nkọwa_na_ụdị-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Chọba ndịnisiokwu Nkọwa na ụdị</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nkọwa_na_ụdị-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ihe_ndị_na-emetọ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ihe_ndị_na-emetọ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ihe ndị na-emetọ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ihe_ndị_na-emetọ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ihe_ndị_na-akpata_ya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ihe_ndị_na-akpata_ya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ihe ndị na-akpata ya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ihe_ndị_na-akpata_ya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ọgbọ_mmadụ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ọgbọ_mmadụ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ọgbọ mmadụ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ọgbọ_mmadụ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Chọba ndịnisiokwu Ọgbọ mmadụ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ọgbọ_mmadụ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greenhouse_gas_na-epupụta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greenhouse_gas_na-epupụta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Greenhouse gas na-epupụta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greenhouse_gas_na-epupụta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mmetụta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mmetụta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mmetụta</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mmetụta-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Chọba ndịnisiokwu Mmetụta</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mmetụta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ahụike_mmadụ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahụike_mmadụ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ahụike mmadụ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ahụike_mmadụ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mmetụta_akụ_na_ụba_na_mmekọrịta_mmadụ_na_ibe_ya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mmetụta_akụ_na_ụba_na_mmekọrịta_mmadụ_na_ibe_ya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Mmetụta akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mmetụta_akụ_na_ụba_na_mmekọrịta_mmadụ_na_ibe_ya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gburugburu_ebe_obibi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gburugburu_ebe_obibi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Gburugburu ebe obibi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gburugburu_ebe_obibi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nchịkwa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nchịkwa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nchịkwa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nchịkwa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Chọba ndịnisiokwu Nchịkwa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nchịkwa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Omume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Omume</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ngwaọrụ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ngwaọrụ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ngwaọrụ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ngwaọrụ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ọnụ_ego" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ọnụ_ego"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ọnụ ego</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ọnụ_ego-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ụlọ_ọrụ_ndị_na-eme_ihe_ruru_unyi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ụlọ_ọrụ_ndị_na-eme_ihe_ruru_unyi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eme ihe ruru unyi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ụlọ_ọrụ_ndị_na-eme_ihe_ruru_unyi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Chọba ndịnisiokwu Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eme ihe ruru unyi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ụlọ_ọrụ_ndị_na-eme_ihe_ruru_unyi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ụlọ_ọrụ_ndị_metụtara_mmanụ_ala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ụlọ_ọrụ_ndị_metụtara_mmanụ_ala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara mmanụ ala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ụlọ_ọrụ_ndị_metụtara_mmanụ_ala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ọnọdụ_kachasị_mma_na_mmekọrịta_mmadụ_na_ibe_ya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ọnọdụ_kachasị_mma_na_mmekọrịta_mmadụ_na_ibe_ya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ọnọdụ kachasị mma na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ọnọdụ_kachasị_mma_na_mmekọrịta_mmadụ_na_ibe_ya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Akụkọ ihe mere eme</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Chọba ndịnisiokwu Akụkọ ihe mere eme</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tupu_narị_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tupu_narị_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Tupu narị 19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tupu_narị_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_and_21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_and_21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>20th and 21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_and_21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hụkwa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hụkwa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Hụkwa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hụkwa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Ndịna" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mmetọ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 106 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 asụsụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besoedeling" title="Besoedeling – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Besoedeling" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB" title="تلوث – Arabiikị" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تلوث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabiikị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%AB%DC%90" title="ܥܘܪܡܫܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܘܪܡܫܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="প্ৰদূষণ – Asamisị" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰদূষণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asamisị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminaci%C3%B3n" title="Contaminación – Asturianị" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Contaminación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturianị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirl%C9%99nm%C9%99" title="Kirlənmə – Azerbajanị" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kirlənmə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbajanị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Бысраныу – Bashki" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бысраныу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polusyon" title="Polusyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Polusyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Забруджванне – Belarusianụ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Забруджванне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusianụ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Замърсяване на околната среда – Bọlụgarịa" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Замърсяване на околната среда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bọlụgarịa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="प्रदूषण – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="प्रदूषण" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="দূষণ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দূষণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%99%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="འཁོར་གཡུགས་གཙོག་སྐྱོན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཁོར་གཡུགས་གཙོག་སྐྱོན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminaci%C3%B3" title="Contaminació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Contaminació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95" title="پیسبوونی ژینگە – Kurdish ọsote" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پیسبوونی ژینگە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdish ọsote" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zne%C4%8Di%C5%A1t%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Znečištění – Cheekị" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Znečištění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheekị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llygredd" title="Llygredd – Wesh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llygredd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wesh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forurening" title="Forurening – Danịsh" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forurening" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danịsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Pollution" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umweltverschmutzung" title="Umweltverschmutzung – Jamanị" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Umweltverschmutzung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jamanị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ρύπανση – Giriikị" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρύπανση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Giriikị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution – Bekee" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pollution" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Bekee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poluo" title="Poluo – Ndị Esperantọ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Poluo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Ndị Esperantọ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminaci%C3%B3n" title="Contaminación – Spanishi" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Contaminación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanishi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saastamine" title="Saastamine – Ndị Estọnịa" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saastamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Ndị Estọnịa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutsadura" title="Kutsadura – Baskwe" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kutsadura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskwe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="آلودگی – Peshianụ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلودگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Peshianụ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saastuminen" title="Saastuminen – Fịnịsh" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saastuminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fịnịsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1lking" title="Dálking – Farọse" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Dálking" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Farọse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution – Fụrenchị" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pollution" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fụrenchị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truailli%C3%BA" title="Truailliú – Ịrịsh" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Truailliú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ịrịsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="污染 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="污染" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polisyon" title="Polisyon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Polisyon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminaci%C3%B3n" title="Contaminación – Galịcịan" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Contaminación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galịcịan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekohatyai" title="Tekohatyai – Gwarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekohatyai" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Gwarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%A3" title="પ્રદૂષણ – Gụaratị" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્રદૂષણ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gụaratị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurbatar_yanayi" title="Gurbatar yanayi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gurbatar yanayi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94" title="זיהום הסביבה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זיהום הסביבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="प्रदूषण – Hindị" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रदूषण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaga%C4%91enje" title="Zagađenje – Kọrọtịan" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zagađenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kọrọtịan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polisyon" title="Polisyon – Haịtịan ndị Cerọle" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Polisyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haịtịan ndị Cerọle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6rnyezetszennyez%C3%A9s" title="Környezetszennyezés – Hụngarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Környezetszennyezés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hụngarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B2%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Աղտոտում – Armenianị" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աղտոտում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenianị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution – Intalịgụa" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pollution" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Intalịgụa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencemaran" title="Pencemaran – Indonisia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pencemaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mengun" title="Mengun – Icịlandịk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mengun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icịlandịk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquinamento" title="Inquinamento – Italịanu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Inquinamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italịanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9A%E6%9F%93" title="汚染 – Japaniisi" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="汚染" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaniisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paluushan" title="Paluushan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Paluushan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="გარემოს დაბინძურება – Geọjịan" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გარემოს დაბინძურება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Geọjịan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Ластану – Kazak" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ластану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯ – Kanhada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kanhada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%97%BC" title="오염 – Korịa" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korịa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%A9%D3%A9" title="Кирдөө – Kyrayz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кирдөө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrayz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutio" title="Pollutio – Latịn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pollutio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latịn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Bmweltverschmotzung" title="Ëmweltverschmotzung – Lụxenbọụgịsh" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ëmweltverschmotzung" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lụxenbọụgịsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar%C5%A1a" title="Tarša – Lituanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tarša" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%ABm%C5%ABrd%C4%AB%C5%86s" title="Pīmūrdīņs – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Pīmūrdīņs" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pies%C4%81r%C5%86ojums" title="Piesārņojums – Latviani" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Piesārņojums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latviani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Загадување – Masedọnịa" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Загадување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedọnịa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="മലിനീകരണം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മലിനീകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="प्रदूषण – Maratị" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रदूषण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Maratị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencemaran" title="Pencemaran – Maleyi" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pencemaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleyi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tni%C4%A1%C4%A1is" title="Tniġġis – Matịse" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tniġġis" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Matịse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%8A%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%8A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ညစ်ညမ်းခြင်းများ – Bụrmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ညစ်ညမ်းခြင်းများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Bụrmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="प्रदूषण – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रदूषण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milieuverontreiniging" title="Milieuverontreiniging – Dọchị" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Milieuverontreiniging" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dọchị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureining" title="Ureining – Nọrweyịan Nynersk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ureining" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nọrweyịan Nynersk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forurensning" title="Forurensning – Nọrweyịan Bọkmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forurensning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Nọrweyịan Bọkmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollucion" title="Pollucion – Osịtan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pollucion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Osịtan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faalama_Qilleensaa_Fi_Naannoo" title="Faalama Qilleensaa Fi Naannoo – Ọromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Faalama Qilleensaa Fi Naannoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Ọromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%82%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%A3" title="ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ – Ọdịa" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପ୍ରଦୂଷଣ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Ọdịa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A3" title="ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਣ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਦੂਸ਼ਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanieczyszczenie_%C5%9Brodowiska" title="Zanieczyszczenie środowiska – Poliishi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zanieczyszczenie środowiska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poliishi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%A9%DA%93%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ککړتیا – Pashọ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ککړتیا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashọ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polui%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Poluição – Pọrtụgụese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Poluição" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Pọrtụgụese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sallqa_waqlliy" title="Sallqa waqlliy – Qụechụa" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sallqa waqlliy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Qụechụa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poluare" title="Poluare – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Poluare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Загрязнение – Rọshian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Загрязнение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rọshian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="प्रदूषणम् – Sansịkịt" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्रदूषणम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sansịkịt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A_%DA%AF%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%BB" title="ماحولياتي گدلاڻ – Sịndh" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ماحولياتي گدلاڻ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sịndh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuoskkideapmi" title="Nuoskkideapmi – Nọrtan Samị" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Nuoskkideapmi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Nọrtan Samị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaga%C4%91enje" title="Zagađenje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zagađenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%96%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="පරිසර දූෂණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පරිසර දූෂණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pollution" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zne%C4%8Distenie_%C5%BEivotn%C3%A9ho_prostredia" title="Znečistenie životného prostredia – Slova" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Znečistenie životného prostredia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onesna%C5%BEenje" title="Onesnaženje – Slovịan" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Onesnaženje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovịan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndotja" title="Ndotja – Albanianị" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndotja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanianị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Контаминација – Sebịan" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Контаминација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sebịan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milj%C3%B6f%C3%B6rst%C3%B6ring" title="Miljöförstöring – Sụwidiishi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Miljöförstöring" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sụwidiishi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchafuzi_wa_ardhi" title="Uchafuzi wa ardhi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchafuzi wa ardhi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="சுற்றுச்சூழல் மாசுபாடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுற்றுச்சூழல் மாசுபாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కాలుష్యం – Telụgụ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాలుష్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telụgụ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9" title="มลพิษ – Taị" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มลพิษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Taị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polusyon" title="Polusyon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Polusyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87evre_kirlili%C4%9Fi" title="Çevre kirliliği – Tọkiishi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çevre kirliliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tọkiishi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efiy%C9%9B" title="Efiyɛ – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Efiyɛ" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Забруднення довкілля – Ukureenị" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Забруднення довкілля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukureenị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="آلودگی – Urdụ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آلودگی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdụ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifloslanish" title="Ifloslanish – Ụzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ifloslanish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Ụzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94_nhi%E1%BB%85m_m%C3%B4i_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Ô nhiễm môi trường – Vietnamisi" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ô nhiễm môi trường" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannixhance" title="Mannixhance – Waloọn" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mannixhance" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waloọn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polusyon" title="Polusyon – Waraị" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Polusyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waraị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="污染 – Wụ Chainisị" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="污染" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wụ Chainisị" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="污染 – Chainisi" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="污染" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chainisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="污染 – Katọnịse" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="污染" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Katọnịse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58734#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dezie njiko asusu ndi yiri nụ" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Litter.JPG/220px-Litter.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Litter.JPG/330px-Litter.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Litter.JPG/440px-Litter.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Ihe mkpofu n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:CoalcliffICC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/CoalcliffICC.jpg/220px-CoalcliffICC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/CoalcliffICC.jpg/330px-CoalcliffICC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/CoalcliffICC.jpg/440px-CoalcliffICC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="845" /></a><figcaption>Coal osisi na Australia. Mgbawa nke coal na-emepụta carbon dioxide, yana sọlfọ dioxide dị iche iche.</figcaption></figure> <p>  Mmetọ bụ iwebata ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ na gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-ebute mgbanwe ọjọọ. Mmetọ nwere ike ịdị n'ụdị ihe ọ bụla ( siri ike, mmiri mmiri, ma ọ bụ gas) ma ọ bụ ike (dị ka redioactivity, okpomọkụ, ụda, ma ọ bụ ìhè). Ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe, ihe ndị mejupụtara mmetọ, nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndị mba ọzọ / ike ma ọ bụ ihe mmetọ sitere n'okike. </p><p>Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ike ịkpata mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi site na ihe ndị sitere n'okike, okwu mmetọ n'ozuzu na-egosi na ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ nwere ebe anthropogenic - ya bụ, isi iyi nke ihe omume mmadụ mepụtara, dị ka mmepụta ihe, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, njikwa mkpofu na-adịghị mma, njem njem ma ọ bụ ọrụ ugbo. A na-agụkarị mmetọ dị ka isi mmalite (nke na-esite na saịtị a kapịrị ọnụ nke ukwuu, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ma ọ bụ nke m) ma ọ bụ mmetọ isi iyi na-enweghị isi (nke sitere na ebe a na-ekesa ebe niile, dị ka microplastics ma ọ bụ mpụta ugbo). </p><p>Ọtụtụ isi mmalite nke mmetọ bụ akụkụ a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa nke mmepụta ihe n'ime narị afọ nke 19 na nke 20 ruo mgbe mmalite nke ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na amụma mmetọ na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 20. Saịtị ebe ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-emetọ ihe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme tọhapụrụ ihe mmetọ na-adịgide adịgide nwere ike nwee mmetọ nke nwere ogologo oge ka akwụsịchara isi iyi nke mmetọ ahụ. Ụdị mmetọ ndị bụ isi gụnyere mmetọ ikuku, mmetọ ọkụ, ihe mkpofu, mmetọ mkpọtụ, mmetọ rọba, mmetọ ala, mmetọ redioaktivu, mmetọ okpomọkụ, mmetọ anya, na mmetọ mmiri. </p><p>Mmetọ nwere mmetụta zuru ebe niile na ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-enwe mmetụta n'usoro na usoro mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba. Na 2015, mmetọ gburu nde mmadụ itoolu n'ụwa niile (otu n'ime ọnwụ isii). Mmetọ ikuku ruru  3⁄4 nke ọnwụ ndị a mbụ. Nnyocha akwụkwọ 2022 chọpụtara na ọkwa mmetọ kemịkalụ anthropogenic agafeela oke mbara ala ma ugbu a na-eyi gburugburu gburugburu ụwa egwu. Ndị na-emetọ ihe na-enwekarị mmetụta karịa n'ahụ ndị na-adịghị ike, dị ka ụmụaka na ndị agadi, na obodo ndị a na-akpachapụ anya, n'ihi na ụlọ ọrụ mmetọ na ebe mkpofu nsị na-ejikọta ya na ndị na-enweghị ike akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Mmetụta a karịrị akarị bụ isi ihe kpatara e jiri guzobe ngagharị ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi, ma na-aga n'ihu na-abụ isi ihe na esemokwu gburugburu ebe obibi, ọkachasị na South South. </p><p>N'ihi mmetụta nke kemịkalụ ndị a, amụma obodo, obodo na mba ụwa na-achọsiwanye ike ịhazi ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe, na-eme ka ụkpụrụ ịdị mma ikuku na mmiri na-abawanye, n'akụkụ nhazi nke ụfọdụ iyi iyi. Atumatu mpaghara na nke mba ka ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ministri na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, ebe UN Environmental Programme na òtù nkwekọrịta ndị ọzọ na-ahazi mbọ mba ụwa. Mbelata mmetọ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nkọwa_na_ụdị"><span id="Nk.E1.BB.8Dwa_na_.E1.BB.A5d.E1.BB.8B"></span>Nkọwa na ụdị</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Mezie ngalaba: Nkọwa na ụdị" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Nkọwa na ụdị"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nkọwa dị iche iche nke mmetọ dị, nke nwere ike ma ọ bụ ọ gaghị amata ụfọdụ ụdị, dị ka mmetọ mkpọtụ ma ọ bụ ikuku ikuku. Ndị United States Environmental Protection Administration na-akọwa mmetọ dị ka "Ihe ọ bụla dị na mmiri, ala, ma ọ bụ ikuku nke na-eweda ịdị mma nke gburugburu ebe obibi, na-akpasu echiche nke ịhụ ụzọ, uto, ma ọ bụ isi, ma ọ bụ na-ebute ihe ize ndụ ahụike. Uru nke ihe okike. A na-emebikarị akụ site na ọnụnọ nke mmetọ na mmetọ." N'ụzọ dị iche, United Nations na-ewere mmetọ dị ka "ọnụnọ nke ihe na okpomọkụ na mgbasa ozi gburugburu ebe obibi (ikuku, mmiri, ala) nke ọdịdị, ọnọdụ, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ya na-emepụta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị mma." </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Smog_in_the_centre_of_Moscow,_06.08.2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Smog_in_the_centre_of_Moscow%2C_06.08.2010.JPG/220px-Smog_in_the_centre_of_Moscow%2C_06.08.2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Smog_in_the_centre_of_Moscow%2C_06.08.2010.JPG/330px-Smog_in_the_centre_of_Moscow%2C_06.08.2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Smog_in_the_centre_of_Moscow%2C_06.08.2010.JPG/440px-Smog_in_the_centre_of_Moscow%2C_06.08.2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1937" data-file-height="1453" /></a><figcaption>Anwụrụ ọkụ n'etiti Moscow, Russia n"ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>A na-edepụta ụdị mmetọ ndị dị n'okpuru ebe a yana ụfọdụ mmegide metụtara nke ọ bụla n"ime ha: </p> <ul><li>Mmetọ ikuku: ntọhapụ nke kemịkalụ ma tinye n'ime ikuku. Ihe mmetọ ikuku na-emekarị gụnyere carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) na nitrogen oxides nke ụlọ ọrụ na ụgbọ ala na-emepụta. Photochemical ozone na smog na-emepụta ka nitrogen oxides na hydrocarbons na-emeghachi omume na ìhè anyanwụ. A na-eji ihe dị nchara, ma ọ bụ uzuzu dị mma mara site na nha micrometer ha PM10 ruo PM2.5.</li> <li>Electromagnetic mmetọ: na overabundance nke electromagnetic radieshon na ha na-abụghị ionizing ụdị, dị ka redio na telivishọn nnyefe, Wi-fi wdg. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị demonstrable mmetụta na ụmụ mmadụ nwere ike ịbụ nnyonye anya na redio-astronomy na mmetụta na nchekwa usoro nke ụgbọ elu. na ụgbọ ala.</li> <li>Mmetọ ọkụ: gụnyere ndagide ọkụ, ọkụ ọkụ na nnyonye anya nke mbara igwe.</li> <li>Ntugharị ihe: ndị omempụ na-atụba ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke mmadụ mere, nke a na-ewepụghị, na ụlọ ọha na nke onwe.</li> <li>Mmetọ mkpọtụ: nke gụnyere mkpọtụ okporo ụzọ, mkpọtụ ụgbọ elu, mkpọtụ ụlọ ọrụ yana sonar dị elu.</li> <li>Mmetọ rọba: gụnyere mkpokọta ngwaahịa rọba na microplastics na gburugburu ebe obibi na-emetụta anụ ọhịa, ebe obibi anụ ọhịa, ma ọ bụ mmadụ.</li> <li>Mmetọ ala na-eme mgbe a na-ewepụta kemịkalụ site na mwụfu ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ala. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ nke ala bụ hydrocarbons, metal arọ, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides na chlorinated hydrocarbons.</li> <li>Mmetọ redioaktivu, sitere na mmemme narị afọ nke 20 na physics atọm, dị ka ọgbọ ike nuklia na nyocha ngwa agha nuklia, nrụpụta na mbugharị. (Lee alfa emitters na actinides na gburugburu ebe obibi.)</li> <li>Mmetọ okpomoku, bụ mgbanwe okpomọkụ n'ime ahụ mmiri eke sitere na mmetụta mmadụ, dị ka iji mmiri dị ka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ.</li> <li>Mmetọ a na-ahụ anya, nke nwere ike na-ezo aka na ọnụnọ nke ahịrị ọkụ dị n'elu, bọọdụ mgbasa ozi okporo ụzọ, ụdị ala dị egwu (dị ka ebe a na-egwupụta warara), ebe a na-echekwa ahịhịa, ahịhịa siri ike nke obodo ma ọ bụ ihe mkpofu oghere.</li> <li>Mmetọ mmiri, nke sitere na mwepu nke mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ sitere na mkpofu azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe (ma ụma ma ọ bụ site na mwụfu) banye na mmiri dị n'elu; mwepu nke nsị na-adịghị edozi ya na mmetọ kemịkalụ, dị ka chlorine, site na nsị a na-edozi; na mwepụta nke ihe mkpofu na ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ n'ime mmiri na-asọpụta n'elu mmiri na-asọba n'elu mmiri (gụnyere mmiri ozuzo n'obodo ukwu na mmiri mmiri nke ugbo, nke nwere ike ịnwe fatịlaịza kemịkalụ na pesticides, yana nsị mmadụ site na nsị).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ihe_ndị_na-emetọ"><span id="Ihe_nd.E1.BB.8B_na-emet.E1.BB.8D"></span>Ihe ndị na-emetọ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ihe ndị na-emetọ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ihe ndị na-emetọ"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Canal-pollution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Canal-pollution.jpg/220px-Canal-pollution.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Canal-pollution.jpg/330px-Canal-pollution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Canal-pollution.jpg/440px-Canal-pollution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ọwa mmiri Lachine dị na Montreal, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Yellow_Fish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yellow_Fish.jpg/220px-Yellow_Fish.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yellow_Fish.jpg/330px-Yellow_Fish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yellow_Fish.jpg/440px-Yellow_Fish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Ihe nnọchianya na-acha anụnụ anụcha na ihe nnọchiteanya azụ na na'acha odo odo nke UK Environment Agency ji mee ihe iji mee ka a mara mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmetọ mmiri na ala</figcaption></figure> <div class="error">Page 'Pollutant' not found</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ihe_ndị_na-akpata_ya"><span id="Ihe_nd.E1.BB.8B_na-akpata_ya"></span>Ihe ndị na-akpata ya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ihe ndị na-akpata ya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ihe ndị na-akpata ya"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ship_Tracks_Reveal_Pollution%27s_Effects_on_Clouds.ogv/220px--Ship_Tracks_Reveal_Pollution%27s_Effects_on_Clouds.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="133" data-mwtitle="Ship_Tracks_Reveal_Pollution's_Effects_on_Clouds.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Ship_Tracks_Reveal_Pollution%27s_Effects_on_Clouds.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Ship_Tracks_Reveal_Pollution%27s_Effects_on_Clouds.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Ship_Tracks_Reveal_Pollution%27s_Effects_on_Clouds.ogv/Ship_Tracks_Reveal_Pollution%27s_Effects_on_Clouds.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Ship_Tracks_Reveal_Pollution%27s_Effects_on_Clouds.ogv/Ship_Tracks_Reveal_Pollution%27s_Effects_on_Clouds.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Mmetọ ikuku nke ụgbọ mmiri na-emepụta nwere ike ịgbanwe igwe ojii, na'emetụta okpomọkụ ụwa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Otu n'ime ihe ndị kacha pụta ìhè sitere n'okike bụ ugwu mgbawa, bụ́ ndị n'oge mgbawa na-ewepụta nnukwu ikuku na-emerụ ahụ n'ikuku. Igwe ọkụ na-agbọpụta ọkụ gụnyere carbon dioxide, nke nwere ike ịnwụ n'ọtụtụ buru ibu ma na-enye aka na mgbanwe ihu igwe, hydrogen halides nke nwere ike ime ka mmiri ozuzo acid, sulfur dioxides, nke na-emerụ anụmanụ na-emebi ozone oyi akwa, na hydrogen sulfides, bụ ndị nwere ike igbu mmadụ. ụmụ mmadụ na mkpokọta ihe na-erughị 1 akụkụ kwa puku. Mgbawa ugwu na-agụnyekwa ihe dị mma na ultrafine nke nwere ike ịnwe kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu na ihe ndị dị ka arsenic, lead, na mercury. </p><p>Ọkụ ọhịa, bụ́ nke àmụ̀mà nwere ike ịkpata, bụkwa isi ihe na-akpata mmetọ ikuku. Anwụrụ ọkụ n'ọhịa nwere nnukwu ma carbon dioxide na carbon monoxide, nke nwere ike ịkpata ntachi. A na-ahụkwa nnukwu irighiri ihe ndị dị mma n'ime anwụrụ ọkụ nke ọhịa, nke na-etinyekwa anụmanụ n'ihe ize ndụ ahụike. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ọgbọ_mmadụ"><span id=".E1.BB.8Cgb.E1.BB.8D_mmad.E1.BB.A5"></span>Ọgbọ mmadụ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ọgbọ mmadụ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ọgbọ mmadụ"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mgbapụta ụgbọ ala bụ otu n'ime ihe na-ebute mmetọ ikuku. China, United States, Russia, India <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9z%C3%ADk%E1%BB%8D" title="Mézíkọ">Mexico</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> bụ ndị isi ụwa na mmetọ ikuku. Isi mmalite mmetọ ebe a na-emetọ ya gụnyere osisi kemịkal, ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ na-agba ọkụ, ụlọ nrụpụta mmanụ, osisi petrochemical, ọrụ mkpofu mkpofu nuklia, ndị na-ere ọkụ, nnukwu ugbo anụ ụlọ (ehi mmiri ara ehi, ezì, anụ ọkụkọ, wdg), ụlọ ọrụ PVC, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ọla, plastik. ụlọ mmepụta ihe, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị arọ. Mmetọ ikuku nke ọrụ ugbo na-abịa site na omume nke oge a nke gụnyere igbutu ahịhịa na ọkụ nke ahịhịa ndụ yana ịgbasa ọgwụ nje na ahịhịa ahịhịa. </p><p>A na-emepụta ihe dị ka nde metrik tọn 400 nke mkpofu dị ize ndụ kwa afọ. Naanị United States na-emepụta ihe dị ka nde metrik tọn 250. Ndị America bụ ihe na-erughị 5% nke ndị bi n'ụwa, mana na-emepụta ihe dịka 25% nke CO2 ụwa, ma na-emepụta ihe dịka 30% nke mkpofu ụwa. N'afọ 2007, China meriri United States dị ka onye na-emepụta CO2 kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, ebe ọ ka nọ n'azụ dabere na mmetọ onye ọ bụla (nke 78th n'etiti mba ụwa). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Yangzhou_-_industrial_area_west_of_Wenfeng_Temple_-_P1130239.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yangzhou_-_industrial_area_west_of_Wenfeng_Temple_-_P1130239.JPG/220px-Yangzhou_-_industrial_area_west_of_Wenfeng_Temple_-_P1130239.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yangzhou_-_industrial_area_west_of_Wenfeng_Temple_-_P1130239.JPG/330px-Yangzhou_-_industrial_area_west_of_Wenfeng_Temple_-_P1130239.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yangzhou_-_industrial_area_west_of_Wenfeng_Temple_-_P1130239.JPG/440px-Yangzhou_-_industrial_area_west_of_Wenfeng_Temple_-_P1130239.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Ebe mmepụta ihe, nke nwere ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik, n'ebe ndịda nke etiti obodo Yangzhou, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CFH), ọla arọ (dị ka chromium, cadmium - nke a na-ahụ na batrị ndị nwere ike ịchaji, na lead - nke a na-ahụ na agba ndu, mmanụ ụgbọ elu, na ọbụna na mba ụfọdụ, mmanụ ụgbọala), MTBE, zinc, arsenic, na benzene bụ ụfọdụ. nke ihe mmetọ ala na-emekarị. Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ e bipụtara na 2001, bụ́ nke mechiri ná mbipụta nke akwụkwọ bụ́ Fateful Harvest, kpughere omume juru ebe nile nke imegharị ihe fọdụrụ n’ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ka ọ bụrụ fatịlaịza, na-akpata nsị ọla n’ala. Ngwunye ala obodo nkịtị bụ isi iyi nke ọtụtụ ihe kemịkalụ na-abanye n'ime ala (na ọtụtụ mgbe mmiri dị n'ime ala), nke na-esite na ụdị mkpofu dị iche iche a na-anabata, ọkachasị ihe ndị a tụfuru n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị n'ebe ahụ, ma ọ bụ site na ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa tupu 1970 nke nwere ike ịbụ na ọ bụ obere nchịkwa. US ma ọ bụ EU. Enweela ụfọdụ mwepụta pụrụ iche nke polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, nke a na-akpọkarị dioxins maka ịdị mfe, dị ka TCDD. </p><p>Mmetọ nwekwara ike ime n'ihi ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha. Dị ka ihe atụ, ajọ ifufe na-ebutekarị mmetọ nsị na mmiri mmiri sitere na ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala gbawara agbawa. Mgbe a na-etinye aka na nrụnye mmanụ ma ọ bụ ebe a na-esi mmanụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri, mmebi buru ibu na gburugburu ebe obibi abụghị ihe ọhụrụ. Mgbe ihe mberede mere, ụfọdụ ebe mmetọ, dị ka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nuklia ma ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri mmanụ, nwere ike imepụta ikuku dị ukwuu na nke nwere ike ịkpata ọdachi. </p><p>Ụgbọ ala bụ ihe na-akpatakarị mmetọ mkpọtụ, na-aza ihe karịrị 90% nke mkpọtụ niile na-adịghị mma n'ụwa niile. </p><p>Mmetọ rọba ọ na-akpagbu oke osimiri anyị site n'ịme gyres rọba, na-ejikọta anụ mmiri, na-emerụ nri na mmiri anyị, na n'ikpeazụ na-emebi ahụike na ọdịmma nke ụmụ mmadụ na anụ ọhịa n'ụwa nile. Ewezuga obere ego a na-ere ọkụ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mpempe plastik ọ bụla emere n'oge gara aga ka dị n'otu ụdị ma ọ bụ ọzọ. Ma ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime plastik adịghị emebi emebi n'ụzọ ọ bụla bara uru, ihe mkpofu plastik ahụ niile nwere ike ịdị adị ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ puku afọ. Ọ bụrụ na edoghị mmepụta plastik gburugburu, mmetọ rọba ga-adị njọ ma mechaa karịa azụ ndị dị n'oké osimiri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greenhouse_gas_na-epupụta"><span id="Greenhouse_gas_na-epup.E1.BB.A5ta"></span>Greenhouse gas na-epupụta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Mezie ngalaba: Greenhouse gas na-epupụta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Greenhouse gas na-epupụta"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:CO2-by-country--1990-2025.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/CO2-by-country--1990-2025.png/220px-CO2-by-country--1990-2025.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/CO2-by-country--1990-2025.png/330px-CO2-by-country--1990-2025.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/CO2-by-country--1990-2025.png/440px-CO2-by-country--1990-2025.png 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption>Akụkọ ihe mere eme na atụmatụ CO2 gas site na mba (dị ka nke afọ 2005).<br /><br /><br /><br /> Ebe e si nweta ya: Energy Information Administration.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Carbon dioxide, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị mkpa maka photosynthesis, a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka mmetọ, n'ihi na mmụba nke gas na ikuku na-emetụta ihu igwe nke ụwa. Mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi nwekwara ike ime ka njikọ dị n'etiti mpaghara mmetọ nke a ga-ekewapụta iche iche, dị ka nke mmiri na ikuku. Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya enyochala ikike ịdị elu nke ikuku carbon dioxide na-adịte aka na-ebute ntakịrị mmụba mana ọ dị oke egwu na acidity nke mmiri oké osimiri, yana mmetụta ndị a nwere ike ime na gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri. </p><p>Na February 2007, akụkọ sitere n’aka Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe Ihu Igwe (IPCC), nke na-anọchi anya ọrụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị ọkà mmụta akụ̀ na ụba, na ndị na-eme iwu bụ́ 2,500 sitere n’ihe karịrị mba 120, kwadoro na ụmụ mmadụ bụ isi ihe na-akpata okpomọkụ n’ụwa kemgbe 1950. Ụmụ mmadụ emewo ụzọ isi gbutuo ikuku ikuku ikuku na zere ihe ga-esi na okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ pụta, otu nnukwu akụkọ ihu igwe kwubiri. Mana iji gbanwee ihu igwe, mgbanwe sitere na mmanụ ọkụ dị ka coal na mmanụ kwesịrị ime n'ime ọtụtụ iri afọ, dịka akụkọ ikpeazụ nke afọ a sitere na UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mmetụta"><span id="Mmet.E1.BB.A5ta"></span>Mmetụta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Mezie ngalaba: Mmetụta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Mmetụta"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ahụike_mmadụ"><span id="Ah.E1.BB.A5ike_mmad.E1.BB.A5"></span>Ahụike mmadụ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ahụike mmadụ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Ahụike mmadụ"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Health_effects_of_pollution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Health_effects_of_pollution.png/220px-Health_effects_of_pollution.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Health_effects_of_pollution.png/330px-Health_effects_of_pollution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Health_effects_of_pollution.png/440px-Health_effects_of_pollution.png 2x" data-file-width="3294" data-file-height="2340" /></a><figcaption>Nchịkọta nke mmetụta ahụike dị mkpa na ụmụ mmadụ site na ụdị mmetọ ụfọdụ a na-ahụkarị<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Mmetọ na-emetụta ụmụ mmadụ n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke ụwa. Nnyocha e mere n'October 2017 nke Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health chọpụtara na mmetọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, kpọmkwem ikuku na-egbu egbu, mmiri, ala na ebe ọrụ, na-egbu nde mmadụ itoolu kwa afọ, nke ji okpukpu atọ karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa AIDS, ụkwara nta na ịba jikọtara ọnụ, na Ugboro 15 dị elu karịa ọnwụ nke agha na ụdị ime ihe ike ndị ọzọ kpatara. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ kwubiri na "mmetọ bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ihe ịma aka dị adị nke oge Anthropocene. Mmetọ na-etinye nkwụsi ike nke usoro nkwado ụwa ma na-eyi ndụ na-aga n'ihu nke ọha mmadụ." </p><p>Ọdịmma ikuku nwere ike igbu ọtụtụ ihe dị ndụ, gụnyere mmadụ. Mmetọ nke ozone nwere ike ibute ọrịa iku ume, ọrịa obi, mbufụt akpịrị, mgbu obi, na mkpọchị. Nnyocha e mere na 2010 mere atụmatụ na nde mmadụ 1.2 na-anwụ ngwa ngwa na China n'ihi mmetọ ikuku. Igwe anwụrụ ọkụ dị elu nke China na-eche ihu kemgbe ogologo oge nwere ike imebi ahụ mmadụ ma bute ọrịa dị iche iche. WHO mere atụmatụ na 2007 na mmetọ ikuku na-akpata ọnwụ ọkara nde mmadụ kwa afọ na India. Nnyocha e mere egosiwo na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a na-egbu kwa afọ na United States nwere ike karịrị 50,000. Nnyocha e bipụtara na 2022 na GeoHealth kwubiri na mpụta mmanụ ọkụ na-emetụta ike na United States na-akpata ọnwụ 46,900-59,400 kwa afọ yana ọrịa na ọnwụ metụtara PM2.5 na-efu mba ahụ $537-$ 678 ijeri kwa afọ. </p><p>Mmetọ mmiri na-ebute ihe dị ka puku mmadụ iri na anọ na-anwụ kwa ụbọchị, nke ka ukwuu n'ihi mmetọ mmiri ọñụñụ site na nsị mmiri adịghị edozi na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Dị ka ihe atụ, ihe dị ka nde ndị India 500 e mere atụmatụ na ha enweghị ụlọ mposi kwesịrị ekwesị, Ihe karịrị nde mmadụ iri n’India dara ọrịa na-arịa mmiri na 2013, mmadụ 1,535 nwụkwara, ọtụtụ n’ime ha bụ ụmụaka. N'ihe dị ka afọ 2007, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde China 500 enweghị mmiri ọñụñụ dị ọcha. </p><p>Mmetụta dị ukwuu na ụfọdụ mmetọ nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị mkpirikpi na ogologo oge. Mwụfu mmanụ nwere ike ịkpata mgbakasị anụ ahụ na ọzịza. Mmetọ mkpọtụ na-ebute ụda ntị, ọbara mgbali elu, nchekasị, na nsogbu ụra. Ejikọtala Mercury na mmepe mmepe na ụmụaka na mgbaàmà neurologic. Ndị agadi na-ebutekarị ọrịa nke mmetọ ikuku na-ebute. Ndị nwere ọrịa obi ma ọ bụ ngụgụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ ọzọ. Ụmụaka na ụmụ ọhụrụ nọkwa n'ihe egwu dị egwu. E gosiputara na lead na ọla ndị ọzọ dị arọ na-akpata nsogbu akwara ozi. Ihe kemịkalụ na ihe na-eme redio nwere ike ịkpata ọrịa kansa yana ntụpọ nwa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mmetụta_akụ_na_ụba_na_mmekọrịta_mmadụ_na_ibe_ya"><span id="Mmet.E1.BB.A5ta_ak.E1.BB.A5_na_.E1.BB.A5ba_na_mmek.E1.BB.8Dr.E1.BB.8Bta_mmad.E1.BB.A5_na_ibe_ya"></span>Mmetụta akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Mezie ngalaba: Mmetụta akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Mmetụta akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mmetụta ahụike nke mmetọ nwere ma nsonaazụ ọha na eze na-adịgide adịgide. Nnyocha e mere na 2021 chọpụtara na ikpughe na mmetọ na-ebute mmụba nke mpụ ime ihe ike. Akwụkwọ 2019 jikọtara mmetọ na nsonaazụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na-adịghị mma maka ụmụaka. Ọtụtụ nchọpụta na-egosi na mmetọ nwere mmetụta dị njọ na mmepụta nke ma ndị ọrụ ime ụlọ na n'èzí. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gburugburu_ebe_obibi">Gburugburu ebe obibi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Mezie ngalaba: Gburugburu ebe obibi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Gburugburu ebe obibi"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg/220px-Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg/330px-Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg/440px-Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3660" data-file-height="2328" /></a><figcaption>Nnukwu ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa na Pacific </figcaption></figure> <p>A chọpụtala na mmetọ dị ebe niile na gburugburu ebe obibi. Nnyocha 2022 nke e bipụtara na Environmental Science & Technology chọpụtara na ọkwa nke mmetọ kemịkalụ anthropogenic agafeela oke mbara ala ma ugbu a na-eyi ihe niile dị ndụ gburugburu ụwa egwu. </p><p>Enwere ọtụtụ mmetụta nke a: </p> <ul><li>Biomagnification na-akọwa ọnọdụ ebe nsí (dị ka ọla dị arọ) nwere ike ịgafe ọkwa trophic, na'ịbawanye na usoro ahụ.<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:CO2_emission_pie_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/CO2_emission_pie_chart.svg/190px-CO2_emission_pie_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/CO2_emission_pie_chart.svg/285px-CO2_emission_pie_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/CO2_emission_pie_chart.svg/380px-CO2_emission_pie_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Mgbasa ikuku carbon dioxide zuru ụwa ọnụ site na ikike (dị ka nke 2015)</figcaption></figure></li> <li>Mgbasa ikuku carbon dioxide na-akpata acidization nke oké osimiri, mbelata na'ihu na pH nke oke osimiri ụwa ka CO2 na - agbaze.</li> <li>Mgbasa nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ na'ebe okpomọkụ ụwa na - na</li> <li>Ụdị ndị na-awakpo nwere ike imeri ụdị ala ma belata ụdị dị iche iche. Osisi ndị na-awakpo nwere ike inye ihe mkpofu na biomolecules (allelopathy) nke nwere ikike ịgbanwe ala na kemịkal nke gburugburu ebe obibi, na'oge na ọ na -ebelata asọmpi nke ụdị ala.</li> <li>A na-ewepụ nitrogen oxides n'ikuku site na mmiri ozuzo ma mee ka ala na'ala na ya bụrụ nke nwere ike ịgbanwe ụdị ihe ndị dị na gburugburu ebe obibi.</li> <li>Anwụrụ ọkụ na alụlụ nwere ike belata oke ìhè anyanwụ nke osisi na-enweta iji mee photosynthesis ma na'eduga na mmepụta nke tropospheric ozone nke na - emebi osisi.</li> <li>Ala nwere ike ịghọ nke na-adịghị mma na nke adịghị mma maka osisi. Nke a ga-emetụta ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ na webụ nri.</li> <li>Sulfur dioxide na nitrogen oxides nwere ike ịkpata <a href="/wiki/Mmiri_ozuzo_acid" title="Mmiri ozuzo acid">mmiri ozuzo acid</a> nke na-ebelata uru pH nke ala.</li> <li>Mmetọ nke mmiri nwere ike imebi ọkwa oxygen ma belata ụdị dị iche iche.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nchịkwa"><span id="Nch.E1.BB.8Bkwa"></span>Nchịkwa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Mezie ngalaba: Nchịkwa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Nchịkwa"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Litter_trap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Litter_trap.jpg/220px-Litter_trap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Litter_trap.jpg/330px-Litter_trap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Litter_trap.jpg/440px-Litter_trap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ọnyà mkpofu na-ejide ihe mkpuchi na Osimiri Yarra, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke etiti Victoria, Australia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Thermal-oxidizer-rto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Thermal-oxidizer-rto.jpg/220px-Thermal-oxidizer-rto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Thermal-oxidizer-rto.jpg/330px-Thermal-oxidizer-rto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Thermal-oxidizer-rto.jpg/440px-Thermal-oxidizer-rto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>Usoro nchịkwa ikuku, nke a maara dị ka okpomọkụ oxidizer, na-emebi gas dị ize ndụ site na ikuku ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ mmepụta ihe na <a href="/wiki/Njik%E1%BB%8D%CC%80ta%E1%BB%8D%CC%80h%C3%A0" title="Njikọ̀taọ̀hà">United States</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Dust_collector_kosovo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dust_collector_kosovo.jpg/220px-Dust_collector_kosovo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dust_collector_kosovo.jpg/330px-Dust_collector_kosovo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dust_collector_kosovo.jpg/440px-Dust_collector_kosovo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Onye na-anakọta uzuzu na Pristina, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Njikwa mmetọ bụ okwu ejiri na njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ pụtara njikwa ihe na-esi na ikuku, mmiri ma ọ bụ ala. Na-enweghị nchịkwa mmetọ, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-esi na iribiga ihe ókè, kpo oku, ọrụ ugbo, Ngwuputa, mmepụta ihe, njem njem na ihe omume mmadụ ndị ọzọ, ma ọ na-agbakọta ma ọ bụ gbasaa, ga-emebi gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ọkwa nke njikwa, mgbochi mmetọ na mbelata ihe mkpofu bụ ihe a na-achọsi ike karịa njikwa mmetọ. N'ihe gbasara mmepe ala, mmepe mmetụta dị ala bụ usoro yiri nke ahụ maka igbochi mmiri ozuzo obodo. </p><p>Enwere ike ịmepụta amụma, iwu na nlekota oru / nghọta / ntule usoro ndụ nke metụtara akụ na ụba yana manye iji chịkwaa mmetọ. Ntụleghachi kwubiri na enweghị nlebara anya na omume dịka ọrụ na "ntụgharị uche sayensị-usoro iwu zuru ụwa ọnụ", dịka. ka "ịkọwa ntinye aka, na-emetụta nyocha na ego nduzi". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Omume">Omume</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Mezie ngalaba: Omume" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Omume"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ime ihe ọzọ</li> <li>Iji ya eme ihe ọzọ</li> <li>Mbelata ihe mkpofu</li> <li>Ịbelata</li> <li>Mgbochi mmetọ</li> <li>Compost</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ngwaọrụ"><span id="Ngwa.E1.BB.8Dr.E1.BB.A5"></span>Ngwaọrụ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ngwaọrụ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Ngwaọrụ"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mmet%E1%BB%8D_ikuku" title="Mmetọ ikuku">Nchịkwa mmetọ ikuku</a> <ul><li>Ihe na-eme ka okpomọkụ na okike</li></ul></li> <li>Usoro nchịkọta uzuzu <ul><li>Ebe a na-etinye ihe n'ụgbọ mmiri</li> <li>Oké ifufe</li> <li>Ihe na-eme ka mmiri na mberede</li></ul></li> <li>Ihe mkpuchi <ul><li>Ihe nhicha efere</li> <li>Cyclonic spray scrubber</li> <li>Ejector venturi scrubber</li> <li>Onye na-ehicha ihe na</li> <li>Ụlọ elu a na-agbanye mmiri</li> <li>Ihe nhicha mmiri</li></ul></li> <li>Ọgwụgwọ nke nsị <ul><li>Sedimentation (Nlekọta mbụ)</li> <li>Ndị na-arụ ọrụ na mmiri na ya (Nlekọta nke abụọ; a na'ejikwa ya maka mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ)</li> <li>Ọdọ mmiri ndị ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ</li> <li>Ala mmiri e wuru (nke a na-ejikwa eme ihe maka mmiri na obodo)</li></ul></li> <li>Nlekọta mmiri mkpofu nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe <ul><li>Ndị na-ekewa mmiri na mmanụ API<sup id="cite_ref-Aqueous_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aqueous-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofilter" title="Biofilter">Biofilters</a></li> <li>Mmiri na-ese n'elu mmiri (DAF)</li> <li>Ọgwụgwọ carbon na-arụ ọrụ na ntụ</li> <li>Ultrafiltration</li></ul></li> <li>Usoro mgbake nke anwụrụ ọkụ</li> <li>Nkwado nke ahịhịa</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ọnụ_ego"><span id=".E1.BB.8Cn.E1.BB.A5_ego"></span>Ọnụ ego</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ọnụ ego" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Ọnụ ego"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mmetọ nwere ọnụ ahịa. Ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-akpata mmetọ ikuku na-etinye ahụike na mkpocha ego na ọha mmadụ dum. Ọrụ nrụpụta nke na-akpata mmetọ ikuku bụ ihe atụ nke mpụga na-adịghị mma na mmepụta. Mpụpụ na-adịghị mma na mmepụta na-eme "mgbe mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na-ebelata ọdịmma nke ndị ọzọ na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ site na ụlọ ọrụ." Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-asa ákwà dị nso na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ígwè na-emetọ ihe, a ga-enwekwu ego maka ụlọ ọrụ na-asa ákwà n'ihi unyi na anwụrụ ọkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ígwè na-emepụta. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ahịa mpụga dị, dị ka nke mmetọ mebere, onye nrụpụta ga-ahọrọ imepụta ngwaahịa karịa nke a ga-emepụta ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ka onye nrụpụta kwụọ ụgwọ niile metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ihi na ibu ọrụ ma ọ bụ ihe ga-esi na ya pụta maka omume onye na-eduzi onwe ya dị n'èzí nke onwe ya, otu akụkụ nke mpụga na-agụnye. Ọ bụrụ na enwere uru dị na mpụga, dị ka na nchekwa ọha, enwere ike imepụta obere ihe ọma karịa ka ọ ga-abụ ma ọ bụrụ na onye nrụpụta ga-anata ụgwọ maka uru mpụga ndị ọzọ. Ngwaahịa na ọrụ ndị na-agụnye mpụga na-adịghị mma na mmepụta, dị ka ndị na-emepụta mmetọ, na-emekarị ka a na-emepụta ya na ọnụ ahịa dị ala ebe ọ bụ na a naghị akwụ ụgwọ mpụga n'ahịa. </p><p>Mmetọ nwekwara ike ịkpata ego maka ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta mmetọ ahụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahọrọ, ma ọ bụ na-amanye site na iwu, iji belata oke mmetọ ha na-emepụta. Ọnụ ego ejikọtara ọnụ nke ime nke a ka a na-akpọ ụgwọ nbilata, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ahịa mbelata nke obere ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri nkeji ọ bụla gbakwunyere tụọ ya. N'afọ 2005, mmefu ego mbelata mmetọ mmetọ na ụgwọ ọrụ na US ruru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ijeri $27. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ụlọ_ọrụ_ndị_na-eme_ihe_ruru_unyi"><span id=".E1.BB.A4l.E1.BB.8D_.E1.BB.8Dr.E1.BB.A5_nd.E1.BB.8B_na-eme_ihe_ruru_unyi"></span>Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eme ihe ruru unyi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eme ihe ruru unyi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eme ihe ruru unyi"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pure Earth, bụ ọgbakọ mba ụwa na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nke raara onwe ya nye iji kpochapụ mmetọ na-eyi ndụ egwu na mba ndị na-emepe emepe, na-ewepụta ndepụta kwa afọ nke ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emetọ ihe n'ụwa. N'okpuru bụ ndepụta nke 2016: </p> <ul><li>Ịmegharị batrị acid</li> <li>Ịchụ ala na nchọpụta ọla</li> <li>Ịgbaze anwụrụ</li> <li>Ịnọgbu onwe gị n'ọrụ</li> <li>Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'ọrụ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebe_mkpofu_ah%E1%BB%8Bh%E1%BB%8Ba" title="Ebe mkpofu ahịhịa">Ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa</a></li> <li>Ogige mmepụta ihe</li> <li>Ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal</li> <li>Nrụpụta</li> <li>Ịkpọ nkụ</li></ul><p> Otu akụkọ 2018 sitere na Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy and GRAIN na-ekwu na ụlọ ọrụ anụ na mmiri ara ehi dị njikere ịka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ dị ka ndị na-emetọ ihe kacha njọ n'ụwa.</p><div class="error">Page 'Chemical waste' not found</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ụlọ_ọrụ_ndị_metụtara_mmanụ_ala"><span id=".E1.BB.A4l.E1.BB.8D_.E1.BB.8Dr.E1.BB.A5_nd.E1.BB.8B_met.E1.BB.A5tara_mman.E1.BB.A5_ala"></span>Ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara mmanụ ala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara mmanụ ala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara mmanụ ala"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mmetọ ikuku n'èzí sitere na iji mmanụ ọkụ naanị na-akpata ~ 3.61 nde ọnwụ kwa afọ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ihe kacha enye aka na ọnwụ mmadụ, karịa ịbụ isi ihe na-akpata mgbanwe ihu igwe nke a na-ewere gas na-ekpo ọkụ n'otu n'otu dị ka ụdị mmetọ  . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ọnọdụ_kachasị_mma_na_mmekọrịta_mmadụ_na_ibe_ya"><span id=".E1.BB.8Cn.E1.BB.8Dd.E1.BB.A5_kachas.E1.BB.8B_mma_na_mmek.E1.BB.8Dr.E1.BB.8Bta_mmad.E1.BB.A5_na_ibe_ya"></span>Ọnọdụ kachasị mma na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Mezie ngalaba: Ọnọdụ kachasị mma na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Ọnọdụ kachasị mma na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Society na-enweta ụfọdụ uru na-apụtachaghị ìhè site na mmetọ; ma ọ bụghị ya, a gaghị enwe ihe mkpali imetọ. Ọrụ a nwere ike sitere na oriri nke ngwaahịa na ọrụ ndị na-emepụta mmetọ (n'agbanyeghị ọkwa ahụ nwere ike ịdị iche) ma ọ bụ ọnụ ahịa dị ala ma ọ bụ mgbalị dị ala achọrọ (ma ọ bụ ihe adịghị mma) ịhapụ ma ọ bụ dochie ngwaahịa na ọrụ ndị a. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa na ndị na-eme iwu na-anwa ịhazi uru ndị a na-apụtaghị ìhè na ụgwọ mmetọ iji nweta nsonaazụ dị mma. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Pollution-_A_Negative_Externality_in_Production.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Pollution-_A_Negative_Externality_in_Production.png/220px-Pollution-_A_Negative_Externality_in_Production.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Pollution-_A_Negative_Externality_in_Production.png/330px-Pollution-_A_Negative_Externality_in_Production.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Pollution-_A_Negative_Externality_in_Production.png/440px-Pollution-_A_Negative_Externality_in_Production.png 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption>Ntụnyere anya nke ahịa nweere onwe ya na nsonaazụ kachasị mma na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya</figcaption></figure> <p>Ọ ga-ekwe omume iji akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi chọpụta ọkwa nke mmetọ a na-ewere na ọ kacha mma. Maka ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara akụ na ụba, mmetọ bụ "ọnụahịa mpụga na-eme naanị mgbe otu ma ọ bụ karịa ndị mmadụ na-enweta enweghị ọdịmma". Enwere ọkwa mmetọ kacha mma n'etiti ọha ebe a na-ebuli ọdịmma. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ndị na-azụ ahịa na-enweta uru site na ihe ọma ma ọ bụ ọrụ arụpụtara, nke ga-akarị ọnụ ahịa mmetọ nke ọha mmadụ ruo oge ụfọdụ. N'oge a, mmebi nke otu akụkụ mmetọ ọzọ nke ọha mmadụ, ọnụ ahịa mmetọ nke dị n'akụkụ, hà nhata kpọmkwem na uru dị n'akụkụ nke iri otu akụkụ nke ọma ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọzọ. </p><p>Ọzọkwa, ohere nke mbelata mmetọ ọnụego nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe na-agbakọ ọkwa kacha mma. Ọ bụ ezie na ọmụmụ ihe na-etinye ndụ ndụ ndụ zuru ụwa ọnụ (LLE; yiri YPLL) site na mmetọ ikuku na 2015 na afọ 2.9 (karịa karịa, dịka ọmụmaatụ, 0.3 afọ site na ụdị niile nke ime ihe ike kpọmkwem), o gosikwara na a dị ịrịba ama. Iberibe nke LLE bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere n'ihe gbasara ike akụ na ụba-teknụzụ dị ugbu a dị ka uzuzu aeolian na njikwa ọkụ ọkụ. </p><p>N'ahịa ndị nwere mmetọ, ma ọ bụ mpụga ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma na mmepụta, nha ahịa n'efu agaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka ụgwọ mmetọ na ọha mmadụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ahịa mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke mmetọ dị elu karịa ụgwọ onwe onye nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-akpata, mgbe ahụ, ezi usoro nnyefe ga-adị elu. Ebe nke ọnụ ahịa ekere òkè na ahịa ahịa na-ejikọta na-enye ọkwa mmetọ kacha mma na ọha mmadụ. N'oge a, ọnụọgụ ga-adị ala na ọnụahịa ga-adị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere nha nha ahịa n'efu. Ya mere, a ga-ewere nsonaazụ ahịa efu dị ka ọdịda ahịa n'ihi na ọ "adịghị eme ka arụmọrụ dị elu". </p><p>Enwere ike iji ihe nlereanya a mee ihe ndabere iji nyochaa ụzọ dị iche iche nke ime ihe dị n'ime. Ụfọdụ ọmụmaatụ gụnyere tarifu, ụtụ carbon na okpu na sistemu ahia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Akụkọ_ihe_mere_eme"><span id="Ak.E1.BB.A5k.E1.BB.8D_ihe_mere_eme"></span>Akụkọ ihe mere eme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Mezie ngalaba: Akụkọ ihe mere eme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Akụkọ ihe mere eme"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tupu_narị_19th_century"><span id="Tupu_nar.E1.BB.8B_19th_century"></span>Tupu narị 19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Mezie ngalaba: Tupu narị 19th century" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Tupu narị 19th century"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mmetọ ikuku na-esokarị mmepeanya. Mmetọ malitere site n'oge ochie, mgbe mmadụ kere ọkụ mbụ. Dị ka otu isiokwu dị na 1983 dị na magazin Science Science si kwuo, "soot" nke a chọtara n'elu ụlọ nke ọgba ndị mbụ na-enye ihe àmà zuru oke nke ọkwa dị elu nke mmetọ nke jikọtara ya na ezughị oke ikuku nke ọkụ ọkụ. </p><p>Ịme ígwè na-egosi na ọ bụ isi mgbanwe n'ichepụta oke mmetọ ikuku n'èzí ụlọ. Ihe atụ ndị bụ isi nke glaciers na Greenland na-egosi mmụba nke mmetọ metụtara Gris, Roman, na China metal metal. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:DARK_CLOUDS_OF_FACTORY_SMOKE_OBSCURE_CLARK_AVENUE_BRIDGE_-_NARA_-_550179.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DARK_CLOUDS_OF_FACTORY_SMOKE_OBSCURE_CLARK_AVENUE_BRIDGE_-_NARA_-_550179.jpg/220px-DARK_CLOUDS_OF_FACTORY_SMOKE_OBSCURE_CLARK_AVENUE_BRIDGE_-_NARA_-_550179.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DARK_CLOUDS_OF_FACTORY_SMOKE_OBSCURE_CLARK_AVENUE_BRIDGE_-_NARA_-_550179.jpg/330px-DARK_CLOUDS_OF_FACTORY_SMOKE_OBSCURE_CLARK_AVENUE_BRIDGE_-_NARA_-_550179.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DARK_CLOUDS_OF_FACTORY_SMOKE_OBSCURE_CLARK_AVENUE_BRIDGE_-_NARA_-_550179.jpg/440px-DARK_CLOUDS_OF_FACTORY_SMOKE_OBSCURE_CLARK_AVENUE_BRIDGE_-_NARA_-_550179.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="2919" /></a><figcaption>Mmetọ ikuku na US, 1973</figcaption></figure> <p>Ire ọkụ na icheku ọkụ na nkụ, na ọnụnọ nke ọtụtụ ịnyịnya n'ebe ndị a gbakọrọ agbakọ mere ka obodo ndị ahụ bụrụ ebe ndị bụ́ isi e si enweta mmetọ. Eze Edward nke Mbụ nke England machibido ọkụ site n'ịkpọsa ọkụ na <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> na 1272, mgbe anwụrụ ọkụ ya ghọrọ nsogbu; mmanụ ụgbọala ahụ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'England nke na e nwetara aha mbụ a maka ya n'ihi na e nwere ike ibugharị ya n'ikpere mmiri ụfọdụ site na wheelbarrow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Mezie ngalaba: 19th century" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: 19th century"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ọ bụ mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ụlọ ọrụ nke mụrụ mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka anyị si mara ya taa. London dekọkwara otu n'ime nsogbu oke mmiri mbụ nke Great Stink na Thames nke 1858, nke butere wuo sistemu ịsa mmiri na London n'oge na-adịghị anya. Okwu mmetọ na-abawanye ka mmụba ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ karịrị ike nke agbata obi iji dozie nsogbu mkpofu ha. Ndị na-eme mgbanwe malitere ịchọ usoro ọwa mmiri na mmiri dị ọcha. </p><p>  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_and_21st_century">20th and 21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Mezie ngalaba: 20th and 21st century" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: 20th and 21st century"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ọnọdụ oge ochie enweghị ike ịnabata maka isi obodo mba ụwa, gọọmentị Imperial German webatara ndị sayensị ya, ndị injinia na ndị na-eme atụmatụ obodo ka ọ bụghị naanị dozie adịghị ike ahụ, kama imepụta Berlin dị ka obodo ihe atụ ụwa. Otu ọkachamara nke Britain na 1906 kwubiri na Berlin nọchitere anya "ngwa kachasị zuru oke nke sayensị, usoro na usoro nke ndụ ọha," na-agbakwụnye "ọ bụ ihe magburu onwe ya nke nchịkwa obodo, obodo kachasị ọhụrụ na nke kachasị mma nke dị." </p><p>Mpụta nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na iri nnukwu coal kpatara mmetọ ikuku a na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya na nnukwu mwepu kemịkalụ ụlọ ọrụ gbakwunyere ibu na-eto eto nke mkpofu mmadụ a na-agwọbeghị. Chicago na Cincinnati bụ obodo abụọ America mbụ nyere iwu iwu na-ahụ na ikuku dị ọcha na 1881. Mmetọ bụ isi okwu na United States na mmalite narị afọ nke iri abụọ, ka ndị na-eme mgbanwe na-aga n'ihu na-ese okwu banyere mmetọ ikuku nke ọkụ coal kpatara, mmetọ mmiri kpatara. adịghị ọcha ọcha, na mmetọ n'okporo ámá kpatara nke nde ịnyịnya atọ na-arụ ọrụ n'obodo ndị America na 1900, na-emepụta nnukwu mmamịrị na nri. Dị ka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ Martin Melosi si kwuo, ọgbọ mbụ hụrụ ụgbọ ala na-anọchi anya ịnyịnya hụrụ ụgbọ ala dị ka "ọrụ ebube nke ịdị ọcha". Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1940, smog kpatara ụgbọala bụ isi okwu na Los Angeles. </p><p>Obodo ndị ọzọ sochiri obodo ahụ ruo n'isi mmalite narị afọ nke 20, mgbe e kere Office nke Mmetọ ikuku dị mkpụmkpụ n'okpuru ngalaba nke ime obodo. Obodo Los Angeles na Donora, <a href="/wiki/Pens%C3%ADlv%C3%A9n%C3%ADy%E1%BA%A1" title="Pensílvéníyạ">Pennsylvania</a> nwetara ihe omume anwụrụ ọkụ dị egwu na njedebe 1940, na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ncheta ọhaneze ọzọ. </p><p>Mmetọ ikuku ga-anọgide na-abụ nsogbu na England, karịsịa mgbe e mesịrị n'oge mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na ịgbatị n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Great Smog nke 1952. Ịmata mmetọ ikuku na-agbasa ebe nile mgbe <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ</a> gasịrị, egwu na-ebute site na akụkọ nke ọdịda redioaktivu. site na agha atomic na ule. Mgbe ahụ ihe omume na-abụghị nke nuklia - Great Smog nke 1952 na London - gburu opekata mpe mmadụ 4000. Nke a kpaliri ụfọdụ n'ime iwu gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọgbara ọhụrụ mbụ: Iwu Clean Air Act nke 1956. </p><p>Mmetọ malitere ịdọrọ uche ọha na eze na United States n'etiti etiti 1950s na mmalite 1970s, mgbe Congress gafere Iwu nchịkwa mkpọtụ, Iwu ikuku dị ọcha, Iwu mmiri dị ọcha, na iwu iwu gburugburu ebe obibi nke mba. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%BB%8Bl%E1%BB%A5:Air-pollution-taiwan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Air-pollution-taiwan.JPG/220px-Air-pollution-taiwan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Air-pollution-taiwan.JPG/330px-Air-pollution-taiwan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Air-pollution-taiwan.JPG/440px-Air-pollution-taiwan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Mmetọ anwụrụ ọkụ na Taiwan</figcaption></figure> <p>Ihe omume siri ike nke mmetọ nyere aka mụbaa mmụọ. Mkpofu PCB na Osimiri Hudson butere mmachibido iwu EPA na iri azụ̀ ya na 1974. Akụkọ akụkọ mba na ngwụcha 1970s - karịsịa mmetọ dioxin ogologo oge na Love Canal malite na 1947 na mkpofu a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa na Ndagwurugwu nke Drums. - dugara na iwu Superfund nke 1980. Mmetọ nke ala mmepụta ihe mere ka aha brownfield pụta, okwu a na-emekarị ugbu a na nhazi obodo. </p><p>Mmepe nke sayensị nuklia webatara mmetọ redioaktivu, nke nwere ike ịnọgide na-egbu egbu ruo ọtụtụ narị puku afọ. Ọdọ Mmiri Karachay - nke Worldwatch Institute kpọrọ ya dị ka “ebe kachasị emetọọ n'ụwa – jere ozi dị ka ebe mkpofu maka Soviet Union n'ime afọ 1950 na 1960 niile. A na-ewere Chelyabinsk, Russia, dị ka "Ebe kachasị emetọ n'ụwa". </p><p>A nọgidere na-anwale ngwá agha nuklia n'oge Agha Nzuzo, karịsịa n'oge mbụ nke mmepe ha. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ kacha emetụta na mmụba kemgbe ahụ n'ịghọta ihe egwu dị egwu na-ahụ maka ahụike mmadụ nke redioactivity na-ebute bụkwa ihe mgbagwoju anya na-egbochi ike nuklia. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-akpachapụ anya nke ukwuu na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ohere nke ọdachi ndị ihe omume ndị dị ka ndị mere n’Agwaetiti Atọ Mile, Chernobyl, na Fukushima tụrụ aro na-egosi na ọha mmadụ enweghị ntụkwasị obi na-adịte aka. Mgbasa ozi zuru ụwa ọnụ agbasawo nke ukwuu banyere ọdachi ndị ahụ. Nkwado zuru ebe niile maka nkwekọrịta mmachibido iwu ule akwụsịla ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ule nuklia niile dị na mbara igwe. </p><p>Ọdachi mba ụwa dị ka mkpọmkpọ ebe ụgbọ mmiri Amoco Cadiz dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Brittany na 1978 na ọdachi Bhopal na 1984 egosila na ihe omume ndị dị otú ahụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na oke mgbalị iji lebara ha anya kwesịrị itinye aka. Ọdịdị ikuku na oke osimiri enweghị oke ebutela mmetụta mmetọ n'ọkwa mbara ụwa n'ihe gbasara okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ. Na nso nso a okwu na-adịgide adịgide organic pollutant (POP) abiala ịkọwa otu kemịkalụ dị ka PBDE na PFC n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Agbanyeghị na aghọtachaghị mmetụta ha nke ọma n'ihi enweghị data nnwale, achọpụtala ha n'ebe obibi dị iche iche dịpụrụ adịpụ na ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị ka Arctic, na-egosipụta mgbasa na bioaccumulation mgbe naanị obere oge ejiri mee ihe. </p><p>Nsogbu achọpụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya bụ Great Pacific Garbage Patch, nnukwu mkpokọta plastik, sludge kemịkalụ na irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ nke North Pacific Gyre chịkọtara na nnukwu mpaghara oke osimiri Pasifik. Nke a bụ nsogbu mmetọ nke a na-amachaghị nke ọma karịa nke ndị ọzọ akọwara n'elu, mana ka o sina dị, ọ nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-esi na ya pụta dị ka ịba ụba nke ọnwụ anụ ọhịa, mgbasa nke ụdị ndị na-emerụ emerụ na mmadụ iri kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu. Ndị otu dị ka 5 Gyres enyochala mmetọ ahụ yana, yana ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Marina DeBris, na-arụ ọrụ n'ịkpọsa okwu ahụ. </p><p>Mmetọ nke ọkụ na-ebute n'abalị na-aghọ nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-akawanye njọ n'ime obodo mepere emepe, mana ka o sina dị na-emerụkwa nnukwu ókèala, ndị dị anya na obodo. </p><p>Ihe akaebe na-eto eto nke mmetọ mpaghara na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọha na eze na-amụbawanye ka oge na-aga ebutewo gburugburu ebe obibi na mmegharị gburugburu ebe obibi, nke na-achọkarị igbochi mmetụta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hụkwa"><span id="H.E1.BB.A5kwa"></span>Hụkwa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Mezie ngalaba: Hụkwa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>dezie</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mmet%E1%BB%8D&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Hụkwa"><span>dezie ebe o si</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mmetụta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ</li> <li>Mmetụta kemịkal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_health" title="Environmental health">Ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Akpa_%C3%B3k%C3%A8_agb%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5_gburugburu_ebe_obibi" title="Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi">Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi</a></li> <li>Ebe nchekwa data nke ihe ndị dị ize ndụ</li> <li>Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ karịrị akarị</li> <li>Mmetụta nke mmetọ</li> <li>Ntinye na ndekọ mbufe na-emetọ emetọ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polluter_ugwo_%E1%BB%A5kp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5" title="Polluter ugwo ụkpụrụ">Ụkpụrụ mmetọ na-akwụ ụgwọ</a></li> <li>Echiche nke ebe mmetọ</li> <li>Nchịkwa nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ n'okpuru Iwu Mmiri Dị Ọcha</li> <li><i>Mmetọ bụ Colonialism</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebe_a_na-ach%E1%BB%A5_%C3%A0j%C3%A0" title="Ebe a na-achụ àjà">Ebe a na-achụ àjà</a></li></ul> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:250px; text-align:left;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Mmet%E1%BB%8D_ikuku" title="Mmetọ ikuku">Mmetọ ikuku</a></b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li>Nkọwa nke ikuku</li> <li>Popu Arden</li> <li>Ebe nchekwa data na-ahụ maka kemịkalụ na ikuku na njikọ na data dị n'efu.</li> <li>Ụkpụrụ mgbasa ozi</li> <li>Gas na-eme ka ikuku na'okpomọkụ</li> <li>Ndepụta obodo ndị na-emetọchaghị</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:250px; text-align:left;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Mmet%E1%BB%8D_aja" title="Mmetọ aja">Mmetọ ala</a></b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li>Sayensị ala gburugburu ebe obibi</li> <li>Ndepụta nke teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ ihe mkpofu siri ike</li> <li>Ndepụta ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe mkpofu</li> <li>Ndepụta nke isiokwu nchịkwa ihe mkpofu</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:250px; text-align:left;"> <p><b>Mmetọ mmiri</b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li>Mmetọ ụgbọ mmiri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihe_mkpofu_mmiri" title="Ihe mkpofu mmiri">Ihe mkpofu mmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mmet%E1%BB%8D_mmiri" title="Mmetọ mmiri">Mmetọ nke mmiri</a></li> <li>Mmetọ ụgbọ mmiri</li> <li>Mmiri nke oké ifufe</li> <li>Mmiri mkpofu nke obodo</li> <li>Mmiri mkpofu nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe</li> <li>Ihe na-egosi ịdị mma nke mmiri mkpofu</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:250px; text-align:left;"> <p><b>Ndị ọzọ</b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li>Mmiri na-ezo</li> <li>Sayensị ụmụ amaala</li> <li>Mgbanwe ihu igwe</li> <li>Nchịkwa mmetọ</li> <li>Ụbọchị Ụwa</li> <li>Radiation electromagnetic na ahụike</li> <li>Ihe ndị dị n'èzí</li> <li>Mmetọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa</li> <li>Mmetọ okpomọkụ</li> <li>Mmetọ nke ìhè</li> <li>Ndepụta nke nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi</li> <li>Mmetụta ahụike</li> <li>Ihe mkpofu nke mbara igwe</li> <li>Radioactivity</li> <li>Mmetụta nke Mgbanwe ihu igwe</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080423003259/http://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/oiaf/1605/cdrom/pdf/ggrpt/057304.pdf">Wayback Machine</a> (2008-04-23). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/oiaf/1605/cdrom/pdf/ggrpt/057304.pdf">the original</a> on 2008-04-23. Retrieved on 2023-03-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rainforests.mongabay.com/09-carbon_emissions.htm">Carbon Dioxide Emissions Charts</a>. <i>rainforests.mongabay.com</i>. Retrieved on 2023-03-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Error on call to <a href="/wiki/Templeeti:Cite_web" title="Templeeti:Cite web">Template:cite web</a>: Parameters <b>url</b> and <b>title</b> must be specified. <i>www.waterhealthconnection.org</i>. Retrieved on 2023-03-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aqueous-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Aqueous_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Beychok, Milton R. (1967). <i>Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants</i>, 1st, John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cp%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%A5iche:BookSources/9780471071891" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-471-07189-1</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aqueous+Wastes+from+Petroleum+and+Petrochemical+Plants&rft.title=Aqueous+Wastes+from+Petroleum+and+Petrochemical+Plants&rft.au=Beychok%2C+Milton+R.&rft.date=1967&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.isbn=978-0-471-07189-1"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Petroleum_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Petroleum Institute (peeji a adịgịhị)">American Petroleum Institute (API)</a> (February 1990). <i>Management of Water Discharges: Design and Operations of Oil–Water Separators</i>, 1st, American Petroleum Institute.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Management+of+Water+Discharges%3A+Design+and+Operations+of+Oil%E2%80%93Water+Separators&rft.title=Management+of+Water+Discharges%3A+Design+and+Operations+of+Oil%E2%80%93Water+Separators&rft.au=American+Petroleum+Institute+%28API%29&rft.date=February+1990&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=American+Petroleum+Institute"> </span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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