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<div class="topSearch-container"> <input id="topSearch" autocomplete="off" class="topSearch form-control input-lg" type="text" name="searchStr" style="color:black" onfocus="if (this.value == 'search for..') {this.value = '';this.style.color='black'}" value="" placeholder="Search PhilPapers"> </div> </form> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/help/search.html">Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/advanced.html">Advanced Search</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $j(document).ready(ppTypeahead.initialize(".topSearch")); </script> <div id="contentContainer" class=" container panel panel-default"> <div id="content"> <div class="cattop"> <div style="float:right;width:250px;" class="hidden-xs"> <a class="addthis_button" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&username=dbourget"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336im_/https://s7.addthis.com/static/btn/v2/lg-share-en.gif" width="125" height="16" alt="Bookmark and Share" style="border:0"/></a><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336js_/https://s7.addthis.com/js/250/addthis_widget.js#username=dbourget"></script> </div> <div class="ch" style="margin-left:0;font-size:11px;margin-bottom:10px"></div> <h1 class="gh"><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/meta-ethics">Meta-Ethics</a> </h1> <div style="font-size:12px;color:#333;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:10px;"> Edited by <a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-star">Daniel Star</a> <span class="affils">(<span class="affil">Boston University</span>)</span> </div> </div> <div class="miniheader" style="font-weight:bold;border-top:1px solid #aaa">About this topic </div> <div class="summaries"> <table class="responsive nospace" style="margin-bottom:10px;width:80%"> <tr> <td style="font-size:12px;width:90px" valign="top"><em>Summary</em></td> <td style="padding-bottom:10px"><p>Metaethics (or Meta-ethics) is that part of philosophy concerned with the ultimate status and grounding of ethics, whether in external metaphysical terms, or in internal, psychological terms. It is commonly contrasted with Normative Ethics (the part of philosophy devoted to elucidating and defending very general ethical principles), and Applied Ethics (which is devoted to offering and defending solutions to practical moral problems). Questions that arise about the external status and possible grounding of ethics include: are there ethical facts (e.g. facts about what we morally ought to do), independent of mental attitudes and social norms? if so, what is the best metaphysical account of such facts? Regarding the internal status and possible grounding of morality, questions include: how are moral judgments related to psychological motivation? when, if at all, do they constitute knowledge? if the status of ethics is not grounded in facts external to human psychology, how might we best understand ethical truth claims? This division of metaethics into external and internal dimensions is only intended to be rough and ready. The study of moral language seems, <em>prima facie,</em> to bridge the internal and external (how are units of moral language related to the world and to our moral judgments?), and it isn’t clear where we might best fit the topic of moral responsibility (when, if at all, can we be held morally responsible for our actions?). Less obviously, it has become a crucial, although far from universally held, view in contemporary metaethics that even if there are external ethical facts, internal psychological conditions may impose strict limits on which facts provide us with normative reasons. Reasons internalists hold, while reasons externalists deny, that an entity can only be a reason for action if it stands in a suitable relationship to an agent’s (deliberatively idealized) motivational states (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/WILIAE-2">Williams 1979</a>). A closely related internalism about moral judgements (that they necessarily motivate us, assuming we are rational) is commonly also construed as a premise in an argument for non-cognitivism, which has it that ethical judgments are not purely representational states but necessarily contain a motivational component. As with the literature on reasons and deliberation, the literature on non-cognitivism is vast, and much of it is dedicated to overcoming certain philosophical problems that non-cognitivism appears to face. But the moral realism that would reject non-cognitivism also faces many objections, as does moral error theory which, like moral realism but unlike non-cognitivism, takes moral talk and thought at face value, yet contends all moral judgments are, by their nature, untrue.</p></td> </tr> </table> <table class="responsive nospace" style="margin-bottom:0px;width:80%"> <tr> <td style="font-size:12px;width:90px" valign="top"><em>Introductions</em></td> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/SHAMRA">Shafer-Landau 2003</a> ; <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHNIE-2">Schroeder 2010</a>; <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/VANMAC-2">van Roojen 2015</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td style="padding-bottom:10px"> </tr> </table> <div id="reflink" class="ll" onclick="simpleReq('/utils/intro_text_refs.html',{cId:28,field:'introductions',noheader:1},function(r) {;$('xp_refs2').update(r);$('xp_refs2').show();;$('reflink').hide();return false})">Show all references</div> <div id="xp_refs2" style="display:none;"></div></td> </div> <a name="content"></a> <div class="miniheader" style="font-weight:bold;border-top:1px solid #aaa"> In this area </div> <table width="100%"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div style="padding-bottom:5px"> <form id="inside"> <input placeholder="Search inside" class="searchInside" type="text" name="catq" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="sort" value="relevance"> <input type="hidden" name="uncat" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="setAside" value=""> <input type="submit" value="go" class="button"> </form> </div> <div class="ah" style="font-size:14px;margin-bottom:10px;color:#109D49">Subcategories</div> <div class="toc1"> <div class="toc"> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-judgment">Moral Judgment</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">972</b> | 197)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/leonard-kahn">Leonard Kahn</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/amoralists">Amoralists</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">83</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/leonard-kahn">Leonard Kahn</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-cognitivism">Moral Cognitivism</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">237</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-killoren">David Killoren</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-emotivism-and-sentimentalism">Moral Emotivism and Sentimentalism</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">388</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-expressivism">Moral Expressivism</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">566</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/internalism-and-externalism-about-moral-judgment">Internalism and Externalism about Moral Judgment</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">268</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/leonard-kahn">Leonard Kahn</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-noncognitivism">Moral Noncognitivism</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">224</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-judgment-misc">Moral Judgment, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">424</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/leonard-kahn">Leonard Kahn</a></span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-naturalism-and-non-naturalism">Moral Naturalism and Non-Naturalism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">1,145</b> | 52)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/cristian-constantinescu">Cristian Constantinescu</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-naturalism">Moral Naturalism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">328</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/cristian-constantinescu">Cristian Constantinescu</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-nonnaturalism">Moral Nonnaturalism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">192</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/cristian-constantinescu">Cristian Constantinescu</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-supervenience">Moral Supervenience</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">123</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/cristian-constantinescu">Cristian Constantinescu</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-naturalistic-fallacy">The Naturalistic Fallacy</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">125</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/neil-sinclair">Neil Sinclair</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-open-question-argument">The Open Question Argument</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">88</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/neil-sinclair">Neil Sinclair</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/the-isought-gap">The Is/Ought Gap</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">137</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/scott-hill">Scott Hill</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-naturalism-and-non-naturalism-misc">Moral Naturalism and Non-Naturalism, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">100</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/cristian-constantinescu">Cristian Constantinescu</a></span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-realism-and-irrealism">Moral Realism and Irrealism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">3,664</b> | 266)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/neil-sinhababu">Neil Sinhababu</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-realism">Moral Realism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">726</b> | 179)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-killoren">David Killoren</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-cognitivism">Moral Cognitivism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">237</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-killoren">David Killoren</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-constructivism">Moral Constructivism</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">167</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/moises-vaca">Moises Vaca</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/cornell-realism">Cornell Realism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">39</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-killoren">David Killoren</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-descriptivism">Moral Descriptivism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">12</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-killoren">David Killoren</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-functionalism">Moral Functionalism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">11</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-killoren">David Killoren</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-rationalism">Moral Rationalism</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">125</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/christopher-michael-cloos">Christopher Michael Cloos</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-realism-misc">Moral Realism, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">217</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-killoren">David Killoren</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-nonnaturalism">Moral Nonnaturalism</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">192</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/cristian-constantinescu">Cristian Constantinescu</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-sensibility-theories">Moral Sensibility Theories</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">31</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/david-killoren">David Killoren</a></span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-irrealism">Moral Irrealism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">2,016</b> | 25)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-emotivism-and-sentimentalism">Moral Emotivism and Sentimentalism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">388</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-error-theories-and-fictionalism">Moral Error Theories and Fictionalism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">226</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/jeff-wisdom">Jeff Wisdom</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-expressivism">Moral Expressivism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">566</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-irrealism-misc">Moral Irrealism, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">54</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-noncognitivism">Moral Noncognitivism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">224</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-prescriptivism">Moral Prescriptivism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">87</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-projectivism">Moral Projectivism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">45</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-relativism">Moral Relativism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">322</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-subjectivism">Moral Subjectivism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">79</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName3" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-realism-and-irrealism-miscellaneous">Moral Realism and Irrealism, Miscellaneous</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">656</b> | 67)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/ideal-observer-theories">Ideal Observer Theories</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">40</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-constructivism">Moral Constructivism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">167</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/moises-vaca">Moises Vaca</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-explanation">Moral Explanation</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">40</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/neil-sinclair">Neil Sinclair</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-objectivity">Moral Objectivity</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">97</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/derek-christian-haderlie">Derek Haderlie</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-queerness">Moral Queerness</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">8</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/quasi-realism">Quasi-Realism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">102</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/cristian-constantinescu">Cristian Constantinescu</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-response-dependence">Moral Response-Dependence</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">35</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/debunking-arguments-about-morality">Debunking Arguments about Morality</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">30</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat4"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-realism-and-irrealism-misc">Moral Realism and Irrealism, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">70</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-epistemology">Moral Epistemology</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">2,050</b> | 90)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/christopher-michael-cloos">Christopher Michael Cloos</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-coherentism">Moral Coherentism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">43</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/christopher-michael-cloos">Christopher Michael Cloos</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-intuitionism">Moral Intuitionism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">309</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/christopher-michael-cloos">Christopher Michael Cloos</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-disagreement">Moral Disagreement</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">229</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/christopher-michael-cloos">Christopher Michael Cloos</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-justification">Moral Justification</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">249</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/christopher-michael-cloos">Christopher Michael Cloos</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-rationalism">Moral Rationalism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">125</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/christopher-michael-cloos">Christopher Michael Cloos</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-skepticism">Moral Skepticism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">389</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/christopher-michael-cloos">Christopher Michael Cloos</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-uncertainty">Moral Uncertainty</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">124</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/william-macaskill">William MacAskill</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/reflective-equilibrium">Reflective Equilibrium</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">200</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/christopher-michael-cloos">Christopher Michael Cloos</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-epistemology-misc">Moral Epistemology, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">292</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/christopher-michael-cloos">Christopher Michael Cloos</a></span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-language">Moral Language</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">413</b> | 27)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/justin-snedegar">Justin Snedegar</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-expressivism">Moral Expressivism</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">566</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-prescriptivism">Moral Prescriptivism</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">87</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/nathaniel-sharadin">Nathaniel Sharadin</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-semantics">Moral Semantics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">250</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/caleb-perl">Caleb Perl</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-language-misc">Moral Language, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">136</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/justin-snedegar">Justin Snedegar</a></span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-normativity">Moral Normativity</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">653</b> | 158)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/ought-implies-can">Ought Implies Can</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">210</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/guglielmo-feis">Guglielmo Feis</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-normativity-misc">Moral Normativity, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">193</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-norms">Moral Norms</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">92</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/values-and-norms">Values and Norms</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">207</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-principles">Moral Principles</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">617</b> | 34)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/sean-mckeever">Sean McKeever</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-generalism">Moral Generalism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">63</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/daniel-james-fairbrother">Daniel James Fairbrother</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/categorical-and-hypothetical-imperatives">Categorical and Hypothetical Imperatives</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">100</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/claudia-meadows">Claudia Meadows</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-generalizations">Moral Generalizations</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">59</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/vojko-strahovnik">Vojko Strahovnik</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-particularism">Moral Particularism</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">316</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/uri-d-leibowitz">Uri D. Leibowitz</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-principles-misc">Moral Principles, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">91</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-universalizability">Moral Universalizability</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">54</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-reasoning-and-motivation">Moral Reasoning and Motivation</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">1,540</b> | 274)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/internalism-and-externalism-about-moral-judgment">Internalism and Externalism about Moral Judgment</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">268</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/leonard-kahn">Leonard Kahn</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/internalism-and-externalism-about-reasons">Internalism and Externalism about Reasons</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">291</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/errol-lord">Errol Lord</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-judgment">Moral Judgment</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">972</b> | 197)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/leonard-kahn">Leonard Kahn</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-concepts">Moral Concepts</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">74</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/n-g-laskowski">N. G. Laskowski</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-motivation">Moral Motivation</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">341</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/joshua-may">Joshua May</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-rationality">Moral Rationality</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">283</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-reasons">Moral Reasons</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">307</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/profile/16479">Kelly Heuer</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-reasoning-and-motivation-misc">Moral Reasoning and Motivation, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">261</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-responsibility">Moral Responsibility</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">2,659</b> | 469)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/garrath-williams">Garrath Williams</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/control-and-responsibility">Control and Responsibility</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">561</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/garrath-williams">Garrath Williams</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/doing-and-allowing">Doing and Allowing</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">41</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/garrath-williams">Garrath Williams</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/free-will-and-responsibility">Free Will and Responsibility</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">896</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-responsibility-misc">Moral Responsibility, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">608</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/garrath-williams">Garrath Williams</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/responsibility-and-reactive-attitudes">Responsibility and Reactive Attitudes</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">336</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/garrath-williams">Garrath Williams</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/collective-responsibility">Collective Responsibility</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">421</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/garrath-williams">Garrath Williams</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/psychopathology-and-responsibility">Psychopathology and Responsibility</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">223</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/garrath-williams">Garrath Williams</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/psychopathy-and-responsibility">Psychopathy and Responsibility</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">143</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/luca-malatesti">Luca Malatesti</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/responsibility-in-applied-ethics">Responsibility in Applied Ethics</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">260</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/garrath-williams">Garrath Williams</a></span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/moral-value">Moral Value</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">1,226</b> | 107)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/practical-reason">Practical Reason</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">5,078</b> | 273)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/sergio-tenenbaum">Sergio Tenenbaum</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/history-of-meta-ethics">History of Meta-Ethics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">36</b> | 8)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/neil-sinclair">Neil Sinclair</a></span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/nietzsche-meta-ethics">Nietzsche: Meta-Ethics</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">51</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/hume-meta-ethics">Hume: Meta-Ethics</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">501</b> | 237)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/neil-sinclair">Neil Sinclair</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/kant-meta-ethics">Kant: Meta-Ethics</a>*<span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">651</b> | 43)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/karl-schafer">Karl Schafer</a></span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/history-of-meta-ethics-misc">History of Meta-Ethics, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">28</b>)</span><span class="toc-eds"><a class="person" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpeople.org/profiles/neil-sinclair">Neil Sinclair</a></span> </div> </div></div> <div class="cat cat2" style="margin-bottom:15px"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName2" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/meta-ethics-miscellaneous">Meta-Ethics, Miscellaneous</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">433</b> | 70)</span> <div class="catContent"> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/meta-ethics-general-works">Meta-Ethics, General Works</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">124</b>)</span> </div> <div class="cat cat3"> <a rel="section" class="tocCatName catName4" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/meta-ethics-misc">Meta-Ethics, Misc</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">239</b>)</span> </div> </div></div> <p><h3>History/traditions: Meta-Ethics</h3><ul class="toc normal" style=""><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/hume-meta-ethics">Hume: Meta-Ethics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">501</b> | 237)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/kant-meta-ethics">Kant: Meta-Ethics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">651</b> | 43)</span></li><li><a rel="section" class="catName" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/browse/nietzsche-meta-ethics">Nietzsche: Meta-Ethics</a><span class="hint"> (<b class="hint">51</b>)</span></li></ul> </div> </td> <td valign="top" style="padding-left:5px" class="visible-lg"> <div class="sideBox" style="float:right;max-width:500px"> <div class="sideBoxH">Also in this area</div> <div class="sideBoxC"> <div class="ah"><a href="?uncat=1">Entries to categorize (467)</a></div> <p> <div class="ah"><a href="?recent=1&sort=added">Most recently added items</a></div> <p> <p> <div class="ah"> <a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/utils/bargains.pl?bmode=28">Discounted books in this area</a></div> <p> </div> <p> <div class="sideBox"> <div class="sideBoxH"> Trending in Meta-Ethics </div> <div class="sideBoxC"> <div id="entries" class="compact trending"><ol class="entryList"> <li id="eKAHINM" onclick="ee('click','KAHINM')" onmouseover="ee('over','KAHINM')" onmouseout="ee('out','KAHINM')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/KAHINM"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">If Nothing Matters.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Guy Kahane" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/s/Guy%20Kahane"><span class="name">Guy Kahane</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2017</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> <em class="pubName">Noûs</em> 51 (2):327-353.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eSINMSA" onclick="ee('click','SINMSA')" onmouseover="ee('over','SINMSA')" onmouseout="ee('out','SINMSA')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/SINMSA"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Moral Skepticism and Justification.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/s/Walter%20Sinnott-Armstrong"><span class="name">Walter Sinnott-Armstrong</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">1996</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> In Walter Sinnott-Armstrong & Mark Timmons (eds.), <em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/SINMKN">Moral Knowledge? New Readings in Moral Epistemology</a></em>. Oxford University Press.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eSOMTOA" onclick="ee('click','SOMTOA')" onmouseover="ee('over','SOMTOA')" onmouseout="ee('out','SOMTOA')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/SOMTOA"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">The Objective Attitude.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Tamler Sommers" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/s/Tamler%20Sommers"><span class="name">Tamler Sommers</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2007</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> <em class="pubName">Philosophical Quarterly</em> 57 (228):321–341.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eNEBSQB" onclick="ee('click','NEBSQB')" onmouseover="ee('over','NEBSQB')" onmouseout="ee('out','NEBSQB')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/NEBSQB"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Status Quo Bias, Rationality, and Conservatism About Value.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Jacob M. Nebel" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/s/Jacob M.%20Nebel"><span class="name">Jacob M. Nebel</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2015</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> <em class="pubName">Ethics</em> 125 (2):449-476.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eSTRFAR" onclick="ee('click','STRFAR')" onmouseover="ee('over','STRFAR')" onmouseout="ee('out','STRFAR')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/STRFAR"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Freedom and Resentment.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Peter Strawson" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/s/Peter%20Strawson"><span class="name">Peter Strawson</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">1962</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> In <em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/UNKPOT-3">Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 48: 1962</a></em>. pp. 1-25.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eJANTRA-5" onclick="ee('click','JANTRA-5')" onmouseover="ee('over','JANTRA-5')" onmouseout="ee('out','JANTRA-5')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/JANTRA-5"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">The Right and the Wrong Kind of Reasons.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Jan Gertken" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/s/Jan%20Gertken"><span class="name">Jan Gertken</span></a> & <a class="discreet" title="View other works by Benjamin Kiesewetter" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/s/Benjamin%20Kiesewetter"><span class="name">Benjamin Kiesewetter</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2017</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> <em class="pubName">Philosophy Compass</em> 12 (5):e12412.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eWOOTFP" onclick="ee('click','WOOTFP')" onmouseover="ee('over','WOOTFP')" onmouseout="ee('out','WOOTFP')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/WOOTFP"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">The Frege-Geach Problem.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Jack Woods" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/s/Jack%20Woods"><span class="name">Jack Woods</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2017</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> In Tristram McPherson & David Plunkett (eds.), <em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/MCPTRH">The Routledge Handbook of Metaethics</a></em>. Routledge. pp. 226-242.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eKINMRA-3" onclick="ee('click','KINMRA-3')" onmouseover="ee('over','KINMRA-3')" onmouseout="ee('out','KINMRA-3')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/KINMRA-3"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Moral Responsibility and Mental Illness: A Call for Nuance.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by Matt King" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/s/Matt%20King"><span class="name">Matt King</span></a> & <a class="discreet" title="View other works by Joshua May" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/s/Joshua%20May"><span class="name">Joshua May</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2018</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> <em class="pubName">Neuroethics</em> 11 (1):11-22.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eMCDVAS" onclick="ee('click','MCDVAS')" onmouseover="ee('over','MCDVAS')" onmouseout="ee('out','MCDVAS')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/MCDVAS"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Values and Secondary Qualities.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by John McDowell" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/s/John%20McDowell"><span class="name">John McDowell</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">1985</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> In Ted Honderich (ed.), <em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/HONMAO">Morality and Objectivity</a></em>. London: Routledge. pp. 110-129.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> <li id="eTILCR" onclick="ee('click','TILCR')" onmouseover="ee('over','TILCR')" onmouseout="ee('out','TILCR')" class="entry"><span class="citation"><a href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/rec/TILCR"><span class="articleTitle recTitle">Cultural Relativism.</span></a><a class="discreet" title="View other works by John J. Tilley" href="/web/20210825191336/https://philpapers.org/s/John J.%20Tilley"><span class="name">John J. Tilley</span></a> - <span class="pubYear">2000</span> - <span class="pubInfo"> <em class="pubName">Human Rights Quarterly</em> 22 (2):501–547.</span></span><span class="toggle" style="display:none" data-target="extras">details</span><div class="extras"></div></li> </div> </div> </div> </p> <p> <div class="sideBox"> <div class="sideBoxH"> Jobs in Meta-Ethics </div> <div class="sideBoxC"> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/http://philjobs.org/job/show/17315"><b>Association for Practical and Professional Ethics</b></a> </div> <div> Executive Director </div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/http://philjobs.org/job/show/16902"><b>Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIP)</b></a> </div> <div> Assistant, Associate or Full Professor </div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825191336/http://philjobs.org/job/show/16898"><b>the University of Hong Kong</b></a> </div> <div> Professor/Associate Professor/Assistant 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