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W. Griffith</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab "><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=D.+W.+Griffith&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> David Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American film director. Considered one of the most influential figures in the history of the motion picture,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> he pioneered many aspects of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Film_editing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Film editing">film editing</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> and expanded the art of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narrative_film?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Narrative film">narrative film</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <table class="infobox biography vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"> <div class="fn"> D. W. Griffith </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:David_Wark_Griffith_portrait.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/David_Wark_Griffith_portrait.jpg/220px-David_Wark_Griffith_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/David_Wark_Griffith_portrait.jpg/330px-David_Wark_Griffith_portrait.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/David_Wark_Griffith_portrait.jpg/440px-David_Wark_Griffith_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="994"></a> <div class="infobox-caption"> Griffith in 1922 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div style="display:inline" class="nickname"> David Wark Griffith </div> (1875-01-22)January 22, 1875 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oldham_County,_Kentucky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oldham County, Kentucky">Oldham County, Kentucky</a>, U.S. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th> <td class="infobox-data">July 23, 1948(1948-07-23) (aged 73) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood, California</a>, U.S. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th> <td class="infobox-data label">Mount Tabor Methodist Church Graveyard, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centerfield,_Kentucky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centerfield, Kentucky">Centerfield, Kentucky</a>, U.S.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th> <td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li>Film director</li> <li>screenwriter</li> <li>producer</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th> <td class="infobox-data">1895–1931</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li> </ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linda_Arvidson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linda Arvidson">Linda Arvidson</a> </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"> </div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"> </div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1906; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1936) </div><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UPI-1">[1]</a> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li> </ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"> <div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"> Evelyn Baldwin </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"> </div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"> </div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1936; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1947) </div><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UPI-1">[1]</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Autograph_D._W._Griffith.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Autograph_D._W._Griffith.svg/150px-Autograph_D._W._Griffith.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Autograph_D._W._Griffith.svg/225px-Autograph_D._W._Griffith.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Autograph_D._W._Griffith.svg/300px-Autograph_D._W._Griffith.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="144"></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> To modern audiences, Griffith is known primarily for directing the 1915 film <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a>. One of the most financially successful films of all time and considered a landmark by film historians, it has attracted much controversy for its degrading portrayals of African Americans, its glorification of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>, and support for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a>. The film led to riots in several major cities all over the United States and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NAACP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> attempted to have it banned. Griffith made his next film <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intolerance_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intolerance (film)">Intolerance</a> (1916) as an answer to critics, who he felt unfairly maligned his work. Together with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Pickford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>, Griffith founded the studio <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Artists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> in 1919 with the goal of enabling actors and directors to make films on their own terms, as opposed to the terms of commercial studios. Several of Griffith's later films were successful, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Broken_Blossoms?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Broken Blossoms">Broken Blossoms</a> (1919), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Way_Down_East?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Way Down East">Way Down East</a> (1920), and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orphans_of_the_Storm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orphans of the Storm">Orphans of the Storm</a> (1921), but the high costs he incurred for production and promotion often led to commercial failure. He had made roughly 500 films by the time of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Struggle_(1931_film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Struggle (1931 film)">The Struggle</a> (1931), his final feature, and all but three were completely silent. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Early_life">1 Early life</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Early_film_career">2 Early film career</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Later_film_career">3 Later film career</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Death">4 Death</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Legacy">5 Legacy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Film_preservation">6 Film preservation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">7 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">8 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">9 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Early life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:GriffithDW.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/GriffithDW.jpg/150px-GriffithDW.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2152" data-file-height="2867"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/GriffithDW.jpg/150px-GriffithDW.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/GriffithDW.jpg/225px-GriffithDW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/GriffithDW.jpg/300px-GriffithDW.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Griffith circa 1907 </figcaption> </figure> Griffith was born on January 22, 1875,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dennisbio-5">[5]</a> on a farm in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oldham_County,_Kentucky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oldham County, Kentucky">Oldham County, Kentucky</a>, the son of Jacob Wark "Roaring Jake" Griffith,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a> a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confederate_States_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate Army</a> colonel in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_Civil_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> who was elected as a Kentucky state legislator, and Mary Perkins (née Oglesby).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dennisbio-5">[5]</a> Griffith was raised as a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Methodist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> and he attended a one-room schoolhouse, where he was taught by his older sister Mattie. His father died when he was 10, and the family struggled with poverty. When Griffith was 14, his mother abandoned the farm and moved the family to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>; there she opened a boarding house, which was unsuccessful. Griffith then left high school to help support the family, taking a job in a dry goods store and later in a bookstore. He began his creative career as an actor in touring companies. Meanwhile, he was learning how to become a playwright, but he had little success. Only one of his plays was accepted for a performance.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DWPlay-8">[8]</a> He traveled to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York City">New York City</a> in 1907 in an attempt to sell a script to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edison_Studios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edison Studios">Edison Studios</a> producer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edwin_Porter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Porter">Edwin Porter</a>;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DWPlay-8">[8]</a> although Porter rejected the script, he gave Griffith an acting part in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rescued_from_an_Eagle%27s_Nest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rescued from an Eagle's Nest">Rescued from an Eagle's Nest</a> instead.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DWPlay-8">[8]</a> As a result of this experience, Griffith decided to try his luck as an actor, and he appeared in many films as an extra.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DWG-9">[9]</a> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Early_film_career">Early film career</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Early film career" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Walthall_with_DW_Griiffith2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Walthall_with_DW_Griiffith2.jpg/220px-Walthall_with_DW_Griiffith2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="149"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Walthall_with_DW_Griiffith2.jpg/220px-Walthall_with_DW_Griiffith2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Walthall_with_DW_Griiffith2.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Griffith on the set of The Birth of a Nation (1915) with actor <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_B._Walthall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry B. Walthall">Henry B. Walthall</a> and others </figcaption> </figure> In 1908, Griffith accepted a role as a stage extra in Professional Jealousy for the American Mutoscope and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biograph_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biograph Company">Biograph Company</a>, where he met cameraman <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Billy_Bitzer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Billy Bitzer">Billy Bitzer</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Starpulse-10">[10]</a> In 1908, Biograph's main director <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wallace_McCutcheon_Sr.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wallace McCutcheon Sr.">Wallace McCutcheon Sr.</a> fell ill, and his son Wallace McCutcheon Jr. took his place.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a> McCutcheon Jr. did not bring the studio success;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Starpulse-10">[10]</a> Biograph co-founder Harry Marvin then gave Griffith the position,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Starpulse-10">[10]</a> and he made the short <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Dollie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Adventures of Dollie">The Adventures of Dollie</a>. He directed a total of 48 shorts for the company that year. Among the films he directed in 1909 was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth_(1909_film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Cricket on the Hearth (1909 film)">The Cricket on the Hearth</a>, an adaptation of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Dickens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>' novel. Showing the influence of Dickens on his own film narrative, Griffith employed the technique of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cross-cutting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cross-cutting">cross-cutting</a>—where two stories run alongside each other, as seen in Dickens' novels such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oliver_Twist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oliver Twist">Oliver Twist</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dickens-12">[12]</a> When criticized by a cameraman for doing this technique in a later film, Griffith was said to have replied "Well, doesn't Dickens write that way?".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dickens-12">[12]</a> His short <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/In_Old_California_(1910_film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="In Old California (1910 film)">In Old California</a> (1910) was the first film shot in Hollywood, California. Four years later, he produced and directed his first feature film <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judith_of_Bethulia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judith of Bethulia">Judith of Bethulia</a> (1914), one of the early films to be produced in the U.S. Biograph believed that longer features were not viable at this point. According to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lillian_Gish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a>, the company thought that "a movie that long would hurt [the audience's] eyes".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Intolerance_production_1916.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Intolerance_production_1916.jpg/220px-Intolerance_production_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="485"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 178px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Intolerance_production_1916.jpg/220px-Intolerance_production_1916.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="178" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Intolerance_production_1916.jpg/330px-Intolerance_production_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Intolerance_production_1916.jpg/440px-Intolerance_production_1916.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Left to right: Griffith, cameraman Billy Bitzer (behind <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Path%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pathé">Pathé</a> camera), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dorothy_Gish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dorothy Gish">Dorothy Gish</a> (watching from behind Bitzer), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Brown_(cinematographer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Brown (cinematographer)">Karl Brown</a> (keeping script) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miriam_Cooper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miriam Cooper">Miriam Cooper</a> (in profile) in a production still for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intolerance_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intolerance (film)">Intolerance</a> (1916) </figcaption> </figure> Griffith left Biograph because of company resistance to his goals and his cost overruns on the film. He took his company of actors with him and joined the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mutual_Film_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual Film Corporation">Mutual Film Corporation</a>. There he co-produced <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Life_of_General_Villa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Life of General Villa">The Life of General Villa</a>, a silent biographical-action movie starring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pancho_Villa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pancho Villa">Pancho Villa</a> as himself, shot on location in Mexico during a civil war. He formed a studio with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majestic_Studios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Majestic Studios">Majestic Studios</a> manager <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harry_Aitken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harry Aitken">Harry Aitken</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aitken-14">[14]</a> which became known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reliance-Majestic_Studios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reliance-Majestic Studios">Reliance-Majestic Studios</a> and later was renamed Fine Arts Studios.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> His new production company became an autonomous production unit partner in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triangle_Film_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Triangle Film Corporation">Triangle Film Corporation</a> along with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_H._Ince?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas H. Ince">Thomas H. Ince</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keystone_Studios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keystone Studios">Keystone Studios</a>' <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mack_Sennett?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mack Sennett">Mack Sennett</a>. The Triangle Film Corporation was headed by Aitken, who was released from the Mutual Film Corporation,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aitken-14">[14]</a> and his brother Roy. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Birth_of_a_Nation_%281915%29.webm/220px--Birth_of_a_Nation_%281915%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="10824" data-mwtitle="Birth_of_a_Nation_(1915).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Birth_of_a_Nation_(1915).webm"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Birth_of_a_Nation_%281915%29.webm/Birth_of_a_Nation_%281915%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Birth_of_a_Nation_%281915%29.webm/Birth_of_a_Nation_%281915%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Birth_of_a_Nation_%281915%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="480" data-height="360"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Birth_of_a_Nation_%281915%29.webm/Birth_of_a_Nation_%281915%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Birth_of_a_Nation_%281915%29.webm/Birth_of_a_Nation_%281915%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240"> </video> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a> (1915), by Griffith </figcaption> </figure> Griffith directed and produced The Clansman through <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reliance-Majestic_Studios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reliance-Majestic Studios">Reliance-Majestic Studios</a> in 1915. The film later became known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a>. It is one of the early <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Feature_length?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Feature length">feature length</a> American films.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The film was a success, but its depiction of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Race_relations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Race relations">race relations</a> in the American Civil War, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reconstruction_era?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a> of the United States aroused much controversy. It was based on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Dixon_Jr.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Dixon Jr.">Thomas Dixon Jr.</a>'s 1905 novel <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Clansman:_A_Historical_Romance_of_the_Ku_Klux_Klan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan">The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan</a>, which casts Southern slavery as benign, the enfranchisement of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freedmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedmen">freedmen</a> as a corrupt plot by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, and the Ku Klux Klan as a band of heroes restoring the rightful order. This view of the era was popular at the time and was endorsed for decades by historians of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dunning_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dunning School">Dunning School</a>, but it met with strong criticism from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a> (NAACP) and other groups.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The NAACP attempted to stop showings of the film. This ban was successful in some cities, but nonetheless it was shown widely and became the most successful box-office attraction of its time. It is considered among the first "blockbuster" motion pictures, and it broke all box-office records that had been established until then. "They lost track of the money it made", Lillian Gish remarked in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kevin_Brownlow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kevin Brownlow">Kevin Brownlow</a> interview.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg/220px-Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1305" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg/220px-Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg/330px-Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg/440px-Fairbanks_-_Pickford_-_Chaplin_-_Griffith.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The first million-dollar partners: Fairbanks, Pickford, Chaplin and Griffith </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm/220px-seek%3D80-Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="10004" data-mwtitle="Intolerance_(D._W._Griffith,_1916).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Intolerance_(D._W._Griffith,_1916).webm"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="960" data-height="720"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1440" data-height="1080"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm/Intolerance_%28D._W._Griffith%2C_1916%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360"> </video> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intolerance_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intolerance (film)">Intolerance</a> (1916), by Griffith </figcaption> </figure> Audiences in some major northern cities rioted over the film's racial content and the violence.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Griffith's indignation at efforts to censor or ban the film motivated him the following year to produce <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intolerance_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intolerance (film)">Intolerance</a>, in which he portrayed the effects of intolerance in four different historical periods: the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Opis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Opis">Fall of Babylon</a>; the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a>; the events surrounding the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Bartholomew%27s_Day_massacre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St. Bartholomew's Day massacre">St. Bartholomew's Day massacre</a> (during religious persecution of French <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huguenot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenots</a>); and a modern story. Intolerance was not a financial success; it did not bring in enough profits to cover the lavish road show that accompanied it.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Griffith put a huge budget into the film's production that could not be recovered in its box office.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a> He mostly financed Intolerance himself, which contributed to his financial ruin for the rest of his life.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sadoul-23">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Griffith_intolerance.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Griffith_intolerance.jpg/220px-Griffith_intolerance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1472"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Griffith_intolerance.jpg/220px-Griffith_intolerance.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Griffith_intolerance.jpg/330px-Griffith_intolerance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Griffith_intolerance.jpg/440px-Griffith_intolerance.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> "Belshazzar's feast", one of the massive film sets in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intolerance_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intolerance (film)">Intolerance</a> (1916) </figcaption> </figure> Griffith's production partnership was dissolved in 1917, and he went to Artcraft, part of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paramount_Pictures?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, and then to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/First_National_Pictures?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="First National Pictures">First National Pictures</a> (1919–1920). At the same time, he founded <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Artists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> together with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Pickford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>; the studio was based on allowing actors to control their own interests rather than being dependent upon commercial studios.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-obit-24">[24]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LATimes-Woo-2011-09-29-25">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:D.W._Griffith%27s_The_birth_of_a_nation_-_DPLA_-_8d463238428590fe12a544f586b1afc6.pdf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/D.W._Griffith%27s_The_birth_of_a_nation_-_DPLA_-_8d463238428590fe12a544f586b1afc6.pdf/page1-170px-D.W._Griffith%27s_The_birth_of_a_nation_-_DPLA_-_8d463238428590fe12a544f586b1afc6.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1564" data-file-height="1883"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 205px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/D.W._Griffith%27s_The_birth_of_a_nation_-_DPLA_-_8d463238428590fe12a544f586b1afc6.pdf/page1-170px-D.W._Griffith%27s_The_birth_of_a_nation_-_DPLA_-_8d463238428590fe12a544f586b1afc6.pdf.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="205" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/D.W._Griffith%27s_The_birth_of_a_nation_-_DPLA_-_8d463238428590fe12a544f586b1afc6.pdf/page1-255px-D.W._Griffith%27s_The_birth_of_a_nation_-_DPLA_-_8d463238428590fe12a544f586b1afc6.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/D.W._Griffith%27s_The_birth_of_a_nation_-_DPLA_-_8d463238428590fe12a544f586b1afc6.pdf/page1-340px-D.W._Griffith%27s_The_birth_of_a_nation_-_DPLA_-_8d463238428590fe12a544f586b1afc6.pdf.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Souvenir program from D.W. Griffith presentation of "The Birth of a Nation" </figcaption> </figure> He continued to make films, but he never again achieved box-office grosses as high as either <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intolerance_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intolerance (film)">Intolerance</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Later_film_career">Later film career</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Later film career" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Although United Artists survived as a company, Griffith's association with it was short-lived. While some of his later films did well at the box office, commercial success often eluded him. Griffith features from this period include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Broken_Blossoms?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Broken Blossoms">Broken Blossoms</a> (1919), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Way_Down_East?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Way Down East">Way Down East</a> (1920), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orphans_of_the_Storm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orphans of the Storm">Orphans of the Storm</a> (1921), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dream_Street_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dream Street (film)">Dream Street</a> (1921), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/One_Exciting_Night_(1922_film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="One Exciting Night (1922 film)">One Exciting Night</a> (1922), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_White_Rose_(1923_film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The White Rose (1923 film)">The White Rose</a> (1923), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America_(1924_film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="America (1924 film)">America</a> (1924) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isn%27t_Life_Wonderful?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isn't Life Wonderful">Isn't Life Wonderful</a> (1924). Of these, the first three were successes at the box office.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Griffith was forced to leave United Artists after Isn't Life Wonderful (1924) failed at the box office. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:United_Artists_contract_signature_1919_alt.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/United_Artists_contract_signature_1919_alt.jpg/260px-United_Artists_contract_signature_1919_alt.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="2276"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 208px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/United_Artists_contract_signature_1919_alt.jpg/260px-United_Artists_contract_signature_1919_alt.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="208" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/United_Artists_contract_signature_1919_alt.jpg/390px-United_Artists_contract_signature_1919_alt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/United_Artists_contract_signature_1919_alt.jpg/520px-United_Artists_contract_signature_1919_alt.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> United Artists founders Griffith, Pickford, Chaplin and Fairbanks sign their contract for the cameras in 1919. </figcaption> </figure> He made <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lady_of_the_Pavements?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lady of the Pavements">Lady of the Pavements</a> (1929), a part sound film, and only two full-sound films: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_(1930_film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abraham Lincoln (1930 film)">Abraham Lincoln</a> (1930) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Struggle_(1931_film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Struggle (1931 film)">The Struggle</a> (1931). Neither was successful, and after The Struggle, he never made another film. In 1936, director <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Woody_Van_Dyke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Woody Van Dyke">Woody Van Dyke</a>, who had worked as Griffith's apprentice on Intolerance, asked Griffith to help him shoot the famous earthquake sequence for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Francisco_(1936_film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Francisco (1936 film)">San Francisco</a>, but Griffith was not given any film credit. Starring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clark_Gable?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeanette_MacDonald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeanette MacDonald">Jeanette MacDonald</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spencer_Tracy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a>, it was the top-grossing film of the year.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In 1939, the producer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hal_Roach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a> hired Griffith to produce <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Of_Mice_and_Men_(1939_film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Of Mice and Men (1939 film)">Of Mice and Men</a> (1939) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/One_Million_B.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="One Million B.C.">One Million B.C.</a> (1940). He wrote to Griffith: "I need help from the production side to select the proper writers, cast, et cetera, and to help me generally in the supervision of these pictures."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Although Griffith eventually disagreed with Roach over the production and departed, Roach later insisted that some of the scenes in the completed film were directed by Griffith. This movie was the final production in which Griffith was involved. However, cast members' accounts recall Griffith directing only the screen tests and costume tests. When Roach advertised the film in late 1939 with Griffith listed as producer, Griffith asked that his name be removed.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Griffith was for decades held in awe by many members of the film industry. He was presented with an honorary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Academy_Award?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Oscar</a> by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> in 1936.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In 1946, he made an impromptu visit to the film location of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_O._Selznick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David O. Selznick">David O. Selznick</a>'s epic western <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duel_in_the_Sun_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duel in the Sun (film)">Duel in the Sun</a>, where some of his veteran actors—<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lillian_Gish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lionel_Barrymore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lionel Barrymore">Lionel Barrymore</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harry_Carey_(actor)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harry Carey (actor)">Harry Carey</a>—were cast members. Gish and Barrymore found their mentor's presence distracting, and they became self-conscious; in response, Griffith hid behind the scenery when the two were filming their scenes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Death">Death</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Death" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> On the morning of July 23, 1948, Griffith was discovered unconscious in the lobby at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knickerbocker_Hotel_(Los_Angeles)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Knickerbocker Hotel (Los Angeles)">Knickerbocker Hotel</a> in Los Angeles, where he had been living alone. He died of a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intracerebral_hemorrhage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intracerebral hemorrhage">cerebral hemorrhage</a> at 3:42 PM on the way to a Hollywood hospital.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-obit-24">[24]</a> A public memorial service was held in his honor at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hollywood_Masonic_Temple?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hollywood Masonic Temple">Hollywood Masonic Temple</a>. He is buried at Mount Tabor Methodist Church Graveyard in Centerfield, Kentucky.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In 1950, The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Directors Guild of America">Directors Guild of America</a> provided a stone and bronze monument for his grave site.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Legacy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Stamp_US_1975_10c_Griffith.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Stamp_US_1975_10c_Griffith.jpg/220px-Stamp_US_1975_10c_Griffith.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="311"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Stamp_US_1975_10c_Griffith.jpg/220px-Stamp_US_1975_10c_Griffith.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Stamp_US_1975_10c_Griffith.jpg/330px-Stamp_US_1975_10c_Griffith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Stamp_US_1975_10c_Griffith.jpg/440px-Stamp_US_1975_10c_Griffith.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Stamp issued by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> in 1975 to commemorate the centennial of Griffith's birth<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NYT75-35">[35]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Griffith has a controversial legacy. Despite criticism, he was a widely celebrated and respected public figure during his life, and modern film historians continue to recognize him for his contributions to the craft of filmmaking. Nevertheless, many critics during his lifetime, as well as in the decades since his death, have characterized him and his work (most notably The Birth of a Nation) as upholding white supremacist ideals. Historians frequently cite The Birth of a Nation as a major factor in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Second_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">the KKK's revival in the 20th century</a>, and it remains controversial to this day. Performer and director Charlie Chaplin called Griffith "The Teacher of Us All". Filmmakers such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lev_Kuleshov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lev Kuleshov">Lev Kuleshov</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Renoir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/King_Vidor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victor_Fleming?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victor Fleming">Victor Fleming</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raoul_Walsh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raoul Walsh">Raoul Walsh</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Carl Theodor Dreyer</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> have praised Griffith.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-44">[44]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Sergei Eisenstein</a> expressed his admiration for Griffith as an "outstanding master", but criticized Birth of a Nation, calling it "disgraceful propaganda of racial hatred towards the colored people".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:DW_Griffith_star_HWF.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DW_Griffith_star_HWF.JPG/170px-DW_Griffith_star_HWF.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2146" data-file-height="1944"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DW_Griffith_star_HWF.JPG/170px-DW_Griffith_star_HWF.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DW_Griffith_star_HWF.JPG/255px-DW_Griffith_star_HWF.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/DW_Griffith_star_HWF.JPG/340px-DW_Griffith_star_HWF.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Griffith's Star on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> </figcaption> </figure> Griffith seems to have been of the first to understand how certain film techniques could be used to create an expressive language; it gained popular recognition with the release of his The Birth of a Nation (1915). His early shorts —such as Biograph's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Musketeers_of_Pig_Alley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Musketeers of Pig Alley">The Musketeers of Pig Alley</a> (1912), show that Griffith's attention to camera placement and lighting heightened mood and tension. In making Intolerance, Griffith opened new possibilities for the medium, creating a form that seems to owe more to music than to traditional narrative.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <ul> <li>In the 1951 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Philco_Television_Playhouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Philco Television Playhouse">Philco Television Playhouse</a> episode "The Birth of the Movies", events from Griffith's film career were depicted. Griffith was played by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Newland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Newland">John Newland</a>.</li> <li>In 1953 the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Directors Guild of America">Directors Guild of America</a> (DGA) instituted the D. W. Griffith Award, its highest honor. However, on December 15, 1999, then DGA President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jack_Shea_(director)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jack Shea (director)">Jack Shea</a> and the DGA National Board announced that the award would be renamed as the "DGA Lifetime Achievement Award". They stated that, although Griffith was extremely talented, they felt his film The Birth of a Nation had "helped foster intolerable racial stereotypes", and that it was thus better not to have the top award in his name.</li> <li>On February 8, 1960, Griffith was posthumously awarded a star on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>, which is located at 6535 Hollywood Boulevard.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HWOF-48">[48]</a></li> <li>In 1975, Griffith was honored on a 10-cent postage stamp by the United States.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NYT75-35">[35]</a></li> <li>The 1976 American comedy film <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nickelodeon_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nickelodeon (film)">Nickelodeon</a> in part pays homage to silent film makers, and includes footage from The Birth of a Nation.</li> <li>D.W. Griffith Middle School in Los Angeles is named after Griffith.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li>In 2008 the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hollywood_Heritage_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hollywood Heritage Museum">Hollywood Heritage Museum</a> hosted a screening of Griffith's early films to commemorate the centennial of his start in film.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li>On January 22, 2009, the Oldham History Center in La Grange, Kentucky, opened a 15-seat theatre in Griffith's honor. The theatre features a library of available Griffith films.</li> <li>In 2024, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_West_Players?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East West Players">East West Players</a> in Los Angeles produced Unbroken Blossoms, a world premier play by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philip_W._Chung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philip W. Chung">Philip W. Chung</a> about the making of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Broken_Blossoms?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Broken Blossoms">Broken Blossoms</a>. Griffith was portrayed by actor <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arye_Gross?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arye Gross">Arye Gross</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Film_preservation">Film preservation</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Film preservation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> Griffith has six films preserved on the United States <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Film_Registry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> deemed as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant": <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lady_Helen%27s_Escapade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lady Helen's Escapade">Lady Helen's Escapade</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_Corner_in_Wheat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A Corner in Wheat">A Corner in Wheat</a> (both 1909), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Musketeers_of_Pig_Alley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Musketeers of Pig Alley">The Musketeers of Pig Alley</a> (1912), The Birth of a Nation (1915), Intolerance (1916) and Broken Blossoms (1919). </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, 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W. Griffith filmography">D. W. Griffith filmography</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith_House?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D. W. Griffith House">D. W. Griffith House</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Griffith_Ranch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Griffith Ranch">Griffith Ranch</a> (in San Fernando, California)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_film_directors_who_studied_under_D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of film directors who studied under D. W. Griffith">List of film directors who studied under D. W. Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Freemasons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Freemasons">List of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_people_from_the_Louisville_metropolitan_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of people from the Louisville metropolitan area">List of people from the Louisville metropolitan area</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UPI-1">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UPI_1-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UPI_1-1">b</a> UPI (July 23, 1948) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1948/07/23/DW-Griffith-73-film-pioneer-dies/1121532273956/">"D.W. Griffith, 73, film pioneer, dies".</a> United Press. Retrieved January 11, 2021.</li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.upress.state.ms.us/Books/D/D.-W.-Griffith">D.W. Griffith</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D.W.+Griffith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upress.state.ms.us%2FBooks%2FD%2FD.-W.-Griffith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121191219/https://wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu/exhibits/harry-roy-aitken-papers/changes-film-style-1910s">"Changes in Film Style in the 1910s | wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu/exhibits/harry-roy-aitken-papers/changes-film-style-1910s">the original</a> on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changes+in+Film+Style+in+the+1910s+%7C+wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwcftr.commarts.wisc.edu%2Fexhibits%2Fharry-roy-aitken-papers%2Fchanges-film-style-1910s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://content.ucpress.edu/chapters/10054001.ch01.pdf">"The Beginnings of Film Narrative"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_California_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. Retrieved January 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+California+Press&rft.atitle=The+Beginnings+of+Film+Narrative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.ucpress.edu%2Fchapters%2F10054001.ch01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-dennisbio-5">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dennisbio_5-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dennisbio_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth2001" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth, Dennis (2001). "Griffith, David Wark". In Kleber, John E. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DW7EeBgAAQBAJ">The Encyclopedia of Louisville</a>. 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Retrieved February 27, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Birth+of+a+Nation%3A+a+gripping+masterpiece+%E2%80%A6+and+a+stain+on+history&rft.date=2013-07-29&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Xan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2Ffilmblog%2F2013%2Fjul%2F29%2Fbirth-of-a-nation-dw-griffith-masterpiece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a> Interview with Lillian Gish in the "Pioneers" episode of the series Hollywood, directed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kevin_Brownlow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kevin Brownlow">Kevin Brownlow</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Gill_(film_historian)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Gill (film historian)">David Gill</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thames_Television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thames Television">Thames Television</a>, 1980</li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_birth.html">"The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow"</a>. PBS. March 21, 1915. Retrieved June 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Jim+Crow&rft.pub=PBS&rft.date=1915-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Fjimcrow%2Fstories_events_birth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712184505/http://www.cinemaweb.com/silentfilm/bookshelf/7_dwg_2.htm">"Griffith's 20 Year Record"</a>. Cinemaweb.com. September 5, 1928. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cinemaweb.com/silentfilm/bookshelf/7_dwg_2.htm">the original</a> on July 12, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cinemaweb.com&rft.atitle=Griffith%27s+20+Year+Record&rft.date=1928-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinemaweb.com%2Fsilentfilm%2Fbookshelf%2F7_dwg_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.contactmusic.com/new/film.nsf/reviews/intolerance">"Intolerance Movie Review"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Contactmusic.com?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Contactmusic.com">Contactmusic.com</a>. May 29, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contactmusic.com&rft.atitle=Intolerance+Movie+Review&rft.date=2011-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.contactmusic.com%2Fnew%2Ffilm.nsf%2Freviews%2Fintolerance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Sadoul-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sadoul_23-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_Sadoul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges Sadoul">Georges Sadoul</a> (1972 [1965]). Dictionary of Films, P. Morris, ed. & trans., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoffilm00sado_1/page/158">p. 158.</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_California_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of California Press">UCP</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-obit-24">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-obit_24-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-obit_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/1948/07/24/archives/david-w-griffith-film-pioneer-dies-producer-of-birth-of-nation.html">"DAVID W. GRIFFITH, FILM PIONEER, DIES; Producer of 'Birth of Nation,' 'Intolerance' and 'America' Made Nearly 500 Pictures SET, SCREEN STANDARDS Co-Founder of United Artists Gave Mary Pickford and Fairbanks Their Starts"</a>. The New York Times. July 24, 1948. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ProQuest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.proquest.com/docview/108102777">108102777</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=DAVID+W.+GRIFFITH%2C+FILM+PIONEER%2C+DIES%3B+Producer+of+%27Birth+of+Nation%2C%27+%27Intolerance%27+and+%27America%27+Made+Nearly+500+Pictures+SET%2C+SCREEN+STANDARDS+Co-Founder+of+United+Artists+Gave+Mary+Pickford+and+Fairbanks+Their+Starts&rft.date=1948-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1948%2F07%2F24%2Farchives%2Fdavid-w-griffith-film-pioneer-dies-producer-of-birth-of-nation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-LATimes-Woo-2011-09-29-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LATimes-Woo-2011-09-29_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoo2011" class="citation news cs1">Woo, Elaine (September 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-0929-mo-rothman-20110929,0,5684307.story">"Mo Rothman dies at 92; found new audience for Chaplin"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Retrieved October 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Mo+Rothman+dies+at+92%3B+found+new+audience+for+Chaplin&rft.date=2011-09-29&rft.aulast=Woo&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fla-me-0929-mo-rothman-20110929%2C0%2C5684307.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091031095720/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/griffith_d.html">"American Masters. D.W. Griffith"</a>. PBS. December 29, 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/griffith_d.html">the original</a> on October 31, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Masters.+D.W.+Griffith&rft.pub=PBS&rft.date=1998-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Famericanmasters%2Fdatabase%2Fgriffith_d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204230733/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,888442,00.html">"Last Dissolve"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Time_(magazine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. August 2, 1948. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,888442,00.html">the original</a> on December 4, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Last+Dissolve&rft.date=1948-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C888442%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ultimatemovierankings.com/biggest-box-office-hits-of-1936/">"Biggest Box Office Hits of 1936"</a>. Ultimate movie rankings. August 28, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ultimate+movie+rankings&rft.atitle=Biggest+Box+Office+Hits+of+1936&rft.date=2017-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ultimatemovierankings.com%2Fbiggest-box-office-hits-of-1936%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a> Richard Lewis Ward, A History of the Hal Roach Studios, pp. 109–110. Southern Illinois University, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8093-2637-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-8093-2637-X">0-8093-2637-X</a>. In his tie at Biograph, Griffith had directed two films with prehistoric settings: Man's Genesis (1912) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brute_Force_(1914_film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brute Force (1914 film)">Brute Force</a> (1914).</li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a> Ward, p. 110.</li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2007" class="citation book cs1">Schneider, Steven Jay, ed. (2007). 501 Movie Directors. London: Cassell Illustrated. pp. 16–18. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844035731?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781844035731"><bdi>9781844035731</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1347156402">1347156402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=501+Movie+Directors&rft.place=London&rft.pages=16-18&rft.pub=Cassell+Illustrated&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1347156402&rft.isbn=9781844035731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2011" class="citation book cs1">Green, Paul (2011). Jennifer Jones: The Life and Films. McFarland & Company. p. 69. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8583-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8583-3"><bdi>978-0-7864-8583-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jennifer+Jones%3A+The+Life+and+Films&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-8583-3&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchickel1996" class="citation book cs1">Schickel, Richard (1996). D.W. Griffith: An American Life. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 31. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87910-080-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-87910-080-X"><bdi>0-87910-080-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D.W.+Griffith%3A+An+American+Life&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corporation&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-87910-080-X&rft.aulast=Schickel&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchickel1996" class="citation book cs1">Schickel, Richard (1996). D.W. Griffith: An American Life. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 605. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87910-080-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-87910-080-X"><bdi>0-87910-080-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D.W.+Griffith%3A+An+American+Life&rft.pages=605&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corporation&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-87910-080-X&rft.aulast=Schickel&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-NYT75-35">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NYT75_35-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NYT75_35-1">b</a> "D.W. Griffith Honored by Issue of 10c Stamp", The New York Times, 29 May 1975, p. 29.</li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeitchPoague2011" class="citation book cs1">Leitch, Thomas; Poague, Leland (2011). A Companion to Alfred Hitchcock. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://matineeclassics.com/celebrities/directors/carl_dreyer/details">the original</a> on December 15, 2013. 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Not Even Past. Retrieved July 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Not+Even+Past&rft.atitle=Sergei+Eisenstein+on+%22The+Birth+of+a+Nation%22&rft.date=2017-02-27&rft.aulast=Neuberger&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepositories.lib.utexas.edu%2Fserver%2Fapi%2Fcore%2Fbitstreams%2Fb7bcee9b-9ab9-4290-9e85-a72dffd0e44c%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://sensesofcinema.com/2006/great-directors/griffith/">"D.W. Griffith"</a>. Senses of Cinema. February 13, 2001. 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Retrieved June 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hollywood+Heritage&rft.pub=Hollywood+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhollywoodheritage.org%2Fevents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._W._Griffith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2024" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Ashley (November 3, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2024-07-03/d-w-griffith-racism-broken-blossoms-play-east-west-players">"A Play Portrays the Making of D.W. Griffith's Broken Blossoms"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Play+Portrays+the+Making+of+D.W.+Griffith%27s+Broken+Blossoms&rft.date=2024-11-03&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment-arts%2Fstory%2F2024-07-03%2Fd-w-griffith-racism-broken-blossoms-play-east-west-players&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li>Seymour Stern, An Index to the Creative Work of D.W. Griffith (London: The British Film Institute, 1944–47)</li> <li>Iris Barry and Eileen Bowser, D.W. Griffith: American Film Master (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965)</li> <li>Kevin Brownlow, The Parade's Gone By (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968)</li> <li>David Robinson, Hollywood in the Twenties (New York: A.S. Barnes & Co, Inc., 1968)</li> <li>Lillian Gish, The Movies, Mr. Griffith and Me (Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1969)</li> <li>Robert M. Henderson, D.W. Griffith: His Life and Work (New York: Oxford University Press, 1972)</li> <li>Karl Brown, Adventures with D.W. Griffith (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1973)</li> <li>Edward Wagenknecht and Anthony Slide, The Films of D.W. Griffith (New York: Crown, 1975)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vlada_Petri%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vlada Petrić">Petrić, Vlada</a>, D.W. Griffith's A Corner in Wheat: A Critical Analysis (Cambridge, MA: University Film Study Center, 1975)</li> <li>William K. Everson, American Silent Film (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978)</li> <li>Richard Schickel, D.W. Griffith: An American Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984)</li> <li>William M. Drew, D.W. Griffith's "Intolerance:" Its Genesis and Its Vision (Jefferson, NJ: McFarland & Company, 1986)</li> <li>Tom Gunning, D.W. Griffith and the Origin of the American Narrative: The Early Years at Biograph (Urbana, Illinois: Illinois University Press, 1994)</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrew" class="citation web cs1">Drew, William M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gildasattic.com/dwgriffith.html">"D.W. Griffith (1875–1948)"</a>. Retrieved July 31, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D.W.+Griffith+%281875%E2%80%931948%29&rft.aulast=Drew&rft.aufirst=William+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gildasattic.com%2Fdwgriffith.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Matthew (April 2008). "American Valkyries: Richard Wagner, D.W. Griffith, and the Birth of Classical Cinema". <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modernism/modernity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modernism/modernity">Modernism/modernity</a>. 15 (2): 221–242. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1353%252Fmod.2008.0040">10.1353/mod.2008.0040</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144141443">144141443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modernism%2Fmodernity&rft.atitle=American+Valkyries%3A+Richard+Wagner%2C+D.W.+Griffith%2C+and+the+Birth+of+Classical+Cinema&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=221-242&rft.date=2008-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fmod.2008.0040&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144141443%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby1978" class="citation journal cs1">Kirby, Jack Temple (1978). "D.W. Griffith's Racial Portraiture". Phylon. 39 (2): 118–127. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2307%252F274506">10.2307/274506</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/274506">274506</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phylon&rft.atitle=D.W.+Griffith%27s+Racial+Portraiture&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=118-127&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F274506&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F274506%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Jack+Temple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJay2000" class="citation journal cs1">Jay, Gregory S. (2000). "'White Man's Book No Good': D.W. Griffith and the American Indian". Cinema Journal. 39 (4): 3–26. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1353%252Fcj.2000.0016">10.1353/cj.2000.0016</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1225883">1225883</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145361470">145361470</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinema+Journal&rft.atitle=%27White+Man%27s+Book+No+Good%27%3A+D.W.+Griffith+and+the+American+Indian&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=3-26&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145361470%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1225883%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcj.2000.0016&rft.aulast=Jay&rft.aufirst=Gregory+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1997" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Cedric J. (June 1997). "In the Year 1915: D.W. Griffith and the Whitening of America". Social Identities. 3 (2): 161–192. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1080%252F13504639752041">10.1080/13504639752041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Identities&rft.atitle=In+the+Year+1915%3A+D.W.+Griffith+and+the+Whitening+of+America&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=161-192&rft.date=1997-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13504639752041&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Cedric+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AD.+W.+Griffith" class="Z3988"></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:David_Wark_Griffith" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:David Wark Griffith">David Wark Griffith</a>. </div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 38px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="38" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikisource?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about: <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:David_Llewelyn_Wark_Griffith" class="extiw" title="s:Author:David Llewelyn Wark Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a> </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/GriffithBib.html">Bibliography of books and articles about Griffith</a> via University of California, Berkeley Media Resources Center</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000428/">D. W. Griffith</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Emq2iUBtLH8/V2u8G-J7PII/AAAAAAAAMuw/1ai-lSSOGroOIzpCinpsE5i_g_iwebRqgCLcB/s1600/d%252Bw%252Bgriffith%252Blate%252B1890s.jpg">Photo of Griffith as a young man in the 1890s or early 1900s</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oldmagazinearticles.com/article-summary/silent-film_director_dw_griffith%23.XsApAWhKizl">D.W. Griffith in the Vanity Fair Hall of Fame (1918)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oldmagazinearticles.com/article-summary/dw-griffith-quotes%23.Xs6IHWhKizk">A magazine article by the famous director printed in Illustrated World (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Griffith,_David_Wark" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Griffith, David Wark">Free scores by D. W. Griffith</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/search.php?query%3D%2528%2528subject%253A%2522Griffith%252C%2520D.%2520W.%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522Griffith%252C%2520D.%2520W%252E%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522Griffith%252C%2520D%252E%2520W%252E%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522D.%2520W.%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522D.%2520W%252E%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522D%252E%2520W%252E%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522Griffith%252C%2520D.%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522D.%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522D.%2520W.%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522D.%2520W%252E%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522D%252E%2520W%252E%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522D%252E%2520W.%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Griffith%252C%2520D.%2520W.%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Griffith%252C%2520D.%2520W%252E%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Griffith%252C%2520D%252E%2520W%252E%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Griffith%252C%2520D%252E%2520W.%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522D.%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Griffith%252C%2520D.%2522%2520OR%2520title%253A%2522D.%2520W.%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520title%253A%2522D.%2520W%252E%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520title%253A%2522D%252E%2520W%252E%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520title%253A%2522D.%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522D.%2520W.%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522D.%2520W%252E%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522D%252E%2520W%252E%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522Griffith%252C%2520D.%2520W.%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522Griffith%252C%2520D.%2520W%252E%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522D.%2520Griffith%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522Griffith%252C%2520D.%2522%2529%2520OR%2520%2528%25221875-1948%2522%2520AND%2520Griffith%2529%2529%2520AND%2520%2528-mediatype:software%2529">Works by or about D. W. Griffith</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet_Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://librivox.org/author/10314">Works by D. W. Griffith</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LibriVox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1744">D. W. Griffith</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Find_a_Grave?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DD._W._Griffith%26oldid%3D1257849421">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&oldid=1257849421</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D._W._Griffith&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 16 November 2024, at 23:09 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2581%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25BA%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2581%25D9%258A%25D8%25AB" title="ديفيد غريفيث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديفيد غريفيث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devid_Uork_Qriffit" title="Devid Uork Qriffit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Devid Uork Qriffit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25BF_%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2589_%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A5" title="ডি ডব্লিউ গ্রিফিথ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডি ডব্লিউ গ্রিফিথ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D1%258D%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA_%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2584%25D1%2596%25D1%2582" title="Дэвід Уорк Грыфіт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэвід Уорк Грыфіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A5%2580._%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2582._%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A4%25BC%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A5" title="डी. डब्ल्यू. ग्रिफ़िथ – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="डी. डब्ल्यू. ग्रिफ़िथ" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA_%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582" title="Дейвид Уорк Грифит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дейвид Уорк Грифит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.W._Griffith" title="D.W. Griffith – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="D.W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wark_Griffith" title="David Wark Griffith – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="David Wark Griffith" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259D%25CF%2584._%25CE%2593._%25CE%2593%25CE%25BA%25CF%2581%25CE%25AF%25CF%2586%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B8" title="Ντ. Γ. Γκρίφιθ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντ. Γ. Γκρίφιθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wark_Griffith" title="David Wark Griffith – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="David Wark Griffith" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wark_Griffith" title="David Wark Griffith – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="David Wark Griffith" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C._%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2588._%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D9%2581%25DB%258C%25D8%25AB" title="دی. دبلیو. گریفیث – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دی. دبلیو. گریفیث" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wark_Griffith" title="David Wark Griffith – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="David Wark Griffith" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%258D%25B0%25EC%259D%25B4%25EB%25B9%2584%25EB%2593%259C_%25EC%2599%2580%25ED%2581%25AC_%25EA%25B7%25B8%25EB%25A6%25AC%25ED%2594%25BC%25EC%258A%25A4" title="데이비드 와크 그리피스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데이비드 와크 그리피스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B4%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B5%25D5%25BE%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A4_%25D5%2588%25D6%2582%25D5%25B8%25D6%2580%25D5%25AF_%25D4%25B3%25D6%2580%25D5%25AB%25D6%2586%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A9" title="Դեյվիդ Ուորկ Գրիֆիթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեյվիդ Ուորկ Գրիֆիթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A5%2580._%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2582._%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A4%25BC%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A5" title="डी. डब्ल्यू. ग्रिफ़िथ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डी. डब्ल्यू. ग्रिफ़िथ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wark_Griffith" title="David Wark Griffith – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="David Wark Griffith" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wark_Griffith" title="David Wark Griffith – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="David Wark Griffith" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2593._%25D7%2595%25D7%2595._%25D7%2592%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%25A4%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA%2527" title="ד. וו. גריפית' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ד. וו. גריפית'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2593_%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2599_%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="დეივიდ უორკ გრიფითი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დეივიდ უორკ გრიფითი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D1%258D%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA_%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582" title="Дэвид Уорк Гриффит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дэвид Уорк Гриффит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wark_Griffith" title="David Wark Griffith – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="David Wark Griffith" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deivids_Vorks_Grifits" title="Deivids Vorks Grifits – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Deivids Vorks Grifits" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.W._Griffith" title="D.W. Griffith – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="D.W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25A1%25E0%25B5%2587%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25A1%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B5%25BC%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%2597%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AB%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D" title="ഡേവിഡ് വാർക്ക് ഗ്രിഫിത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡേവിഡ് വാർക്ക് ഗ്രിഫിത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2581%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2581%25D9%258A%25D8%25AB" title="ديفيد جريفيث – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديفيد جريفيث" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25AF_%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9_%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D9%2581%25DB%258C%25D8%25AB" title="دیوید وارک گریفیث – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دیوید وارک گریفیث" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wark_Griffith" title="David Wark Griffith – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="David Wark Griffith" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.W._Griffith" title="D.W. Griffith – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="D.W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25E3%2583%25BBW%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2582%25B0%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2582%25A3%25E3%2582%25B9" title="D・W・グリフィス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="D・W・グリフィス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.W._Griffith" title="D.W. Griffith – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="D.W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25A1%25E0%25A9%2587%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25A1_%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%2595_%25E0%25A8%2597%25E0%25A9%258D%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25AB%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25A5" title="ਡੇਵਿਡ ਵਾਰਕ ਗ੍ਰਿਫ਼ਿਥ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡੇਵਿਡ ਵਾਰਕ ਗ੍ਰਿਫ਼ਿਥ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.W._Griffith" title="D.W. Griffith – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="D.W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582,_%25D0%2594%25D1%258D%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA" title="Гриффит, Дэвид Уорк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гриффит, Дэвид Уорк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wark_Griffith" title="David Wark Griffith – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="David Wark Griffith" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wark_Griffith" title="David Wark Griffith – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="David Wark Griffith" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B5%25D1%2598%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4_%25D0%2592._%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582" title="Дејвид В. Грифит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дејвид В. Грифит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.W._Griffith" title="D.W. Griffith – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="D.W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25A1%25E0%25B0%25BF.%25E0%25B0%25A1%25E0%25B0%25AC%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B1%2581._%25E0%25B0%2597%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25AB%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B1%258D" title="డి.డబ్ల్యు. గ్రిఫిత్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డి.డబ్ల్యు. గ్రిఫిత్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25B5._%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25B9._%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%259F%25E0%25B8%259F%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2597" title="ดี. ดับเบิลยู. กริฟฟิท – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดี. ดับเบิลยู. กริฟฟิท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D1%258D%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA_%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582" title="Дэвид Уорк Гриффит – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Дэвид Уорк Гриффит" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25B4_%25D0%2592%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA_%25D2%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2596%25D1%2584%25D1%2584%25D1%2596%25D1%2582" title="Девід Ворк Ґріффіт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Девід Ворк Ґріффіт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2588%25DB%258C_%25DA%2588%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2588_%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%2581%25D8%25AA%25DA%25BE" title="ڈی ڈبلیو گرفتھ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈی ڈبلیو گرفتھ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="D. W. Griffith" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C2%25B7W%25C2%25B7%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E9%2587%258C%25E8%258F%25B2%25E6%2596%25AF" title="D·W·格里菲斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="D·W·格里菲斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2591%259B%25E8%2590%258A%25E5%25A4%25AB" title="葛萊夫 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="葛萊夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C2%25B7W%25C2%25B7%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E9%2587%258C%25E8%258F%25B2%25E6%2596%25AF" title="D·W·格里菲斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="D·W·格里菲斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; 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