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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shed (weaving)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Loom#shedding" title="Loom">Loom § shedding</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LoomShedRearView.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/LoomShedRearView.jpg/220px-LoomShedRearView.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/LoomShedRearView.jpg/330px-LoomShedRearView.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/LoomShedRearView.jpg/440px-LoomShedRearView.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption> The shed, the triangular aperture on the far right, shown from the back of a table loom</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belarus_weaving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Belarus_weaving.jpg/220px-Belarus_weaving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Belarus_weaving.jpg/330px-Belarus_weaving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Belarus_weaving.jpg/440px-Belarus_weaving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Passing the shuttle through the shed</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tablet-weaving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tablet-weaving.svg/220px-Tablet-weaving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tablet-weaving.svg/330px-Tablet-weaving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tablet-weaving.svg/440px-Tablet-weaving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>The shed shown in <a href="/wiki/Tablet_weaving" title="Tablet weaving">tablet weaving</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weaving</a>, the <b>shed</b> is the temporary separation between upper and lower <a href="/wiki/Warp_(weaving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warp (weaving)">warp</a> yarns through which the <a href="/wiki/Weft" class="mw-redirect" title="Weft">weft</a> is woven. The shed is created to make it easy to interlace the weft into the warp and thus create woven fabric. Most types of looms have some sort of device which separates some of the warp threads from the others. This separation is called the shed, and allows for a <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_(weaving)" title="Shuttle (weaving)">shuttle</a> carrying the <a href="/wiki/Weft" class="mw-redirect" title="Weft">weft</a> thread to move through the shed perpendicular to the warp threads. Which threads are raised and which are lowered are changed after each pass of the shuttle.<sup id="cite_ref-weave_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weave-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The process of weaving can be simplified to a series of four steps: the shed is raised, the shuttle is passed through, the shed is closed, and the weft thread is <a href="/wiki/Beater_(weaving)" title="Beater (weaving)">beaten</a> into place. These steps are then repeated, with a different set of threads being raised so as to interlace the warp and weft.<sup id="cite_ref-weave_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weave-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>shedding</i> refers to the action of creating a shed.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i>shedding device</i> is the device used to raise or open the shed. Creating the separation is referred to as raising or opening the shed, while the reverse is known as lowering or closing the shed. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shedding_device">Shedding device</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shed_(weaving)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Shedding device"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CMP_Inkle_weaving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/CMP_Inkle_weaving.jpg/220px-CMP_Inkle_weaving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/CMP_Inkle_weaving.jpg/330px-CMP_Inkle_weaving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/CMP_Inkle_weaving.jpg/440px-CMP_Inkle_weaving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Inkle_weaving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkle weaving">Inkle loom</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The type of device that is used to raise and lower the shed differs on the type of loom. With a <a href="/wiki/Tablet_weaving" title="Tablet weaving">tablet loom</a> the sheds are raised and lowered by rotating the tablets, or cards. In a floor loom the shed is created by the harnesses. <a href="/wiki/Inkle_weaving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkle weaving">Inkle looms</a> have one of the more primitive shedding devices, where there is one set of <a href="/wiki/Heddle" title="Heddle">heddles</a> and the shed is created by hand. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Backstrap_loom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Backstrap_loom.jpg/220px-Backstrap_loom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Backstrap_loom.jpg/330px-Backstrap_loom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Backstrap_loom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Loom#Back_strap_loom" title="Loom">backstrap loom</a> with a shed-rod.</figcaption></figure> <p>Originally there was no shed, and the <a href="/wiki/Weft" class="mw-redirect" title="Weft">weft</a> was inserted into the warp by picking the warp threads up individually, as is done in tapestry weaving. After each weft thread is woven the warp threads had to be picked out and lifted again, which made the process slow. To speed up the process various devices were developed to create a reproducible shed, so that the weft could be passed between the separated threads, and so the threads would not have to be separated individually each time. The first type of shedding device was called a shed-rod. It was a rod inserted into the warp to ease in weaving, and came about at the same time as the <a href="/wiki/Heddle" title="Heddle">heddle</a>. Threads were alternated over and under the rod, and the threads that went under the rod went through string heddles attached to a bar. The shed was created in two ways: by raising the shed-rod, and by lifting the heddles.<sup id="cite_ref-on_weaving_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-on_weaving-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shed-rod was an invention of eastern origin, and was introduced to Europe via Egypt in the first century AD. The Romans used it for both <a href="/wiki/Plain_weave" title="Plain weave">plain weave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twill" title="Twill">twill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the shed-rod came the <a href="/wiki/Heddle#Rigid_heddles" title="Heddle">rigid heddle loom</a>, where the shed is created by raising or lowering the rigid heddle. As the loom progressed, the shed-rod was replaced by a second set of heddles, for a total of two shafts with heddles. Eventually looms like the modern floor loom were developed, where there are many shafts which can be raised to create the shed.<sup id="cite_ref-on_weaving_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-on_weaving-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rising_shed_loom">Rising shed loom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shed_(weaving)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rising shed loom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two different shedding methods were developed for the harness loom-one where any one harness or combination of harnesses was lifted while the other harnesses remained stationary.<sup id="cite_ref-on_weaving_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-on_weaving-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of loom is known as a rising shed loom, and examples include the table loom, <a href="/wiki/Dobby_loom" title="Dobby loom">dobby loom</a> or the Jack loom.<sup id="cite_ref-workbook_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-workbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other method used in harness looms is where some harnesses are raised while others are lowered. The second method lessened the effort of lifting the selected harnesses because they no longer needed to be raised as high as in a rising shed loom.<sup id="cite_ref-on_weaving_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-on_weaving-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Counterbalance and countermarch looms are of this second type. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poor_shed">Poor shed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shed_(weaving)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Poor shed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weaving_demonstration_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Weaving_demonstration_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Weaving_demonstration_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Weaving_demonstration_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Weaving_demonstration_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Weaving_demonstration_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Weaving_demonstration_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2297" data-file-height="2719" /></a><figcaption>Clearing a poor shed</figcaption></figure> <p>There are many things that can cause the warp threads not to separate cleanly, and thus produce a poor shed. A slack warp, threads set too closely in the <a href="/wiki/Reed_(weaving)" title="Reed (weaving)">reed</a>, or increase of friction on the first foot or so of the warp where the threads were handled all cause poor sheds.<sup id="cite_ref-workbook_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-workbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fuzzy yarns like <a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">mohair</a> can also cause a poor shed.<sup id="cite_ref-weave_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weave-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To get a better shed the weaver can lift the harnesses while the reed is against the fabric,<sup id="cite_ref-weave_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weave-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-workbook_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-workbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or raise only one harness at a time. By weaving in a different manner sometimes a good shed can be created.<sup id="cite_ref-workbook_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-workbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weaver can also insert a stick into the shed to clear it, and make way for the shuttle though this option is time-consuming. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shedding_(weaving)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shedding (weaving)">Shedding (weaving)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shed_(weaving)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-weave-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-weave_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weave_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weave_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weave_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCartwright2007" class="citation book cs1">Cartwright, Wendy (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hiShQiXqcCAC&pg=PA8&dq"><i>Weave</i></a>. Murdoch Books. pp. 8, 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-74045-978-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-74045-978-4"><bdi>1-74045-978-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weave&rft.pages=8%2C+35&rft.pub=Murdoch+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=1-74045-978-4&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhiShQiXqcCAC%26pg%3DPA8%26dq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShed+%28weaving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLordMohamed1982" class="citation book cs1">Lord, Peter Reeves; Mohamed, Mansour H. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6G9rxcWa7xAC&pg=PA368"><i>Weaving: Conversion of Yarn to Fabric</i></a>. Woodhead Publishing. p. 368. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-900541-78-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-900541-78-0"><bdi>978-0-900541-78-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weaving%3A+Conversion+of+Yarn+to+Fabric&rft.pages=368&rft.pub=Woodhead+Publishing&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-900541-78-0&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Peter+Reeves&rft.au=Mohamed%2C+Mansour+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6G9rxcWa7xAC%26pg%3DPA368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShed+%28weaving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-on_weaving-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-on_weaving_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-on_weaving_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-on_weaving_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-on_weaving_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbers2003" class="citation book cs1">Albers, Anni (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J7ryDBQPOO4C&dq"><i>On Weaving</i></a>. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 24–26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-43192-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-43192-5"><bdi>978-0-486-43192-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Weaving&rft.pages=24-26&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-486-43192-5&rft.aulast=Albers&rft.aufirst=Anni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ7ryDBQPOO4C%26dq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShed+%28weaving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2003" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, David (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZljldSpV28UC&pg=PA109&dq"><i>The Cambridge history of western textiles</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34107-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34107-3"><bdi>978-0-521-34107-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+history+of+western+textiles&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-34107-3&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZljldSpV28UC%26pg%3DPA109%26dq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShed+%28weaving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-workbook-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-workbook_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-workbook_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-workbook_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-workbook_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChetwynd1989" class="citation book cs1">Chetwynd, Hilary (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qE3pw5Pq7kAC&dq"><i>The Weaver's Workbook</i></a>. Macmillan. pp. 9, 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-02120-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-02120-7"><bdi>978-0-312-02120-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Weaver%27s+Workbook&rft.pages=9%2C+40&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-312-02120-7&rft.aulast=Chetwynd&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqE3pw5Pq7kAC%26dq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShed+%28weaving%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Weaving" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Weaving" title="Template:Weaving"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Weaving" title="Template talk:Weaving"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Weaving" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Weaving"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Weaving" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketweave_(weaving)" title="Basketweave (weaving)">Basketweave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvet_(fabric)" title="Charvet (fabric)">Charvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woven_coverlet" title="Woven coverlet">Coverlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobby_(cloth)" title="Dobby (cloth)">Dobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_cloth" title="Double cloth">Double weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even-weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-weave">Even-weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabardine" title="Gabardine">Gabardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampas" title="Lampas">Lampas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leno_weave" title="Leno weave">Leno weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_(cloth)" title="Oxford (cloth)">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pile_weave" title="Pile weave">Pile weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piqu%C3%A9_(weaving)" title="Piqué (weaving)">Piqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_weave" title="Plain weave">Plain weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satin" title="Satin">Satin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_silk" title="Shot silk">Shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel_weave" title="Swivel weave">Swivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twill" title="Twill">Twill</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish_weaving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Swedish_weaving.jpg/120px-Swedish_weaving.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Swedish_weaving.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_and_weft" title="Warp and weft">Warp and weft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools and techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barber-Colman_knotter" title="Barber-Colman knotter">Barber-Colman knotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beamer_(occupation)" title="Beamer (occupation)">Beamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braid" title="Braid">Braid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilkat_weaving" title="Chilkat weaving">Chilkat weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerweaving" title="Fingerweaving">Fingerweaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_shuttle" title="Flying shuttle">Flying shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heddle" title="Heddle">Heddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikat" title="Ikat">Ikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkle_weaving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkle weaving">Inkle weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuri" title="Kasuri">Kasuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loom" title="Loom">Loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_weaving" title="Navajo weaving">Navajo weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pibiones" title="Pibiones">Pibiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_(weaving)" title="Reed (weaving)"> Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_weaving" title="Salish weaving">Salish weaving</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_(weaving)" title="Shuttle (weaving)">Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizing" title="Sizing">Sizing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile_sizing_machine" title="Textile sizing machine">Sizing machine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_weaving" title="Tablet weaving">Tablet weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talim_(textiles)" title="Talim (textiles)">Talim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81niko" title="Tāniko">Tāniko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_(weaving)" title="Temple (weaving)">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_(construction)" title="Wattle (construction)">Wattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicker" title="Wicker">Wicker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resin_wicker" title="Resin wicker">Resin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Loom" title="Loom">looms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-jet_loom" title="Air-jet loom">Air-jet loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandy_loom" title="Dandy loom">Dandy loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobby_loom" title="Dobby loom">Dobby loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattersley_loom" title="Hattersley loom">Hattersley loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrocks_loom" title="Horrocks loom">Horrocks loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacquard_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacquard loom">Jacquard loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Loom" title="Lancashire Loom">Lancashire loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Loom" title="Northrop Loom">Northrop loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_loom" title="Power loom">Power loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapier_loom" title="Rapier loom">Rapier loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Loom" title="Roberts Loom">Roberts loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">Warp-weighted loom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weavers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acesas" title="Acesas">Acesas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anni_Albers" title="Anni Albers">Anni Albers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otti_Berger" title="Otti Berger">Otti Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micheline_Beauchemin" title="Micheline Beauchemin">Micheline Beauchemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Brunsson" title="Johanna Brunsson">Johanna Brunsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Dietz" title="Ada Dietz">Ada Dietz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ferguson_%26_Co_Ltd" title="Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd">Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Forsell" title="Elisabeth Forsell">Elisabeth Forsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Liebes" title="Dorothy Liebes">Dorothy Liebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Mairet" title="Ethel Mairet">Ethel Mairet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Elisabet_%C3%96berg" title="Maria Elisabet Öberg">Maria Elisabet Öberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich">Lilly Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaretha_Reichardt" title="Margaretha Reichardt">Margaretha Reichardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rylands" title="John Rylands">John Rylands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitta_Scherzenfeldt" title="Brigitta Scherzenfeldt">Brigitta Scherzenfeldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Sherman" title="Clara Sherman">Clara Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunta_St%C3%B6lzl" title="Gunta Stölzl">Gunta Stölzl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judocus_de_Vos" title="Judocus de Vos">Judocus de Vos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaretha_Zetterberg" title="Margaretha Zetterberg">Margaretha Zetterberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employment practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/More_looms" title="More looms">More looms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissing_the_shuttle" title="Kissing the shuttle">Kissing the shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piece-rate_list" title="Piece-rate list">Piece-rate list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bancroft_Shed" title="Bancroft Shed">Bancroft Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Street_Mill" title="Queen Street Mill">Queen Street Mill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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