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href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A7%A8" title="জোন্ড ২ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জোন্ড ২" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_2" title="Зонд 2 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зонд 2" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%DB%B2" title="زوند ۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زوند ۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4%EB%93%9C_2%ED%98%B8" title="존드 2호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존드 2호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4-2" title="Զոնդ-2 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զոնդ-2" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_2" title="जोंड 2 – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जोंड 2" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93_2" title="זונד 2 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זונד 2" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond-2" title="Zond-2 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zond-2" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond%E2%80%932" title="Zond–2 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zond–2" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BE%E3%83%B3%E3%83%892%E5%8F%B7" title="ゾンド2号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゾンド2号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4-2" title="Зонд-2 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зонд-2" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zond 2" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A82%E5%8F%B7" title="探测器2号 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="探测器2号" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q917929#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Zond 2</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Zond_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Zond_2.jpg/260px-Zond_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Zond_2.jpg/390px-Zond_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Zond_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Soviet <i>Zond 2</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data">Zond 3MV-4 No. 2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Mars</a> flyby</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/OKB-1" class="mw-redirect" title="OKB-1">OKB-1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-078C">1964-078C</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917929#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">00945</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">Bus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/3MV" title="3MV">3MV-4</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">890 kg (1,960 lb)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">November 30, 1964, 13:12 UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya T103-16</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a> <a href="/wiki/Gagarin%27s_Start" title="Gagarin's Start">LC-1/5</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Heliocentric_orbit" title="Heliocentric orbit">Heliocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.216</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perihelion altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.98 AU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Aphelion altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.52 AU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6.4°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">508 days</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Velocity</th><td class="infobox-data">5.62 km/s</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Flyby of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closest approach</th><td class="infobox-data">August 6, 1965</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance</th><td class="infobox-data">1,500 km (930 mi)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><a href="/wiki/Zond_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond Program">Zond</a></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Zond_1" title="Zond 1">Zond 1</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a> →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zond 2</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">space probe</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond program</a>, and was the sixth Soviet spacecraft to attempt a flyby of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration of Mars</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was launched on November 30, 1964 at 13:12 UTC onboard <a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> 8K78 launch vehicle from <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a>, Kazakhstan, USSR. The <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> was intended to survey Mars but lost communication before arrival. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zond_2&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zond-2 carried a phototelevision camera of the same type later used to photograph the Moon on <a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a>. The camera system also included two ultraviolet spectrometers. As on <a href="/wiki/Mars_1" title="Mars 1">Mars 1</a>, an infrared spectrometer was installed to search for signs of methane on Mars. </p><p>Zond 2 also carried six <a href="/wiki/Pulsed_Plasma_Thruster" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulsed Plasma Thruster">Pulsed Plasma Thrusters</a> (PPT) that served as actuators of the attitude control system. They were the first PPTs successfully used on a spacecraft. The PPT propulsion system was tested for 70 minutes on the 14 December 1964 when the spacecraft was 4.2 million kilometers from Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-Shchepetilov_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shchepetilov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zond 2, a <i>Mars <a href="/wiki/3MV" title="3MV">3MV</a>-4A</i> craft, was launched on November 30, 1964. During some maneuvering in early May 1965, communications were lost. Running on half power due to the loss of one of its <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic module">solar panels</a>, the spacecraft flew by Mars on August 6, 1965 at 5.62 kilometres per second (3.49 mi/s), 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) away from the planet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_Instruments[5]"><span id="Scientific_Instruments.5B5.5D"></span>Scientific Instruments<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zond_2&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Scientific Instruments[5]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_Detector" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation Detector">Radiation Detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charged_particle" title="Charged particle">Charged Particle</a> Detector</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetometer" title="Magnetometer">Magnetometer</a></li> <li>Piezoelectric Detector</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_telescope" title="Radio telescope">Radio Telescope</a></li> <li>Nuclear Component of <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">Cosmic-ray</a> Experiment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a> and Roentgen <a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Radiation">Solar Radiation</a> Experiment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Imaging system">Imaging System</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zond_2&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zond_2&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181210015825/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328715311_Chronology_of_Mars_Missions">"Chronology of Mars Missions"</a>. <i>ResearchGate</i>. <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+of+Atomic+Nuclei&rft.atitle=Development+of+Electrojet+Engines+at+the+Kurchatov+Institute+of+Atomic+Energy&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=988-999&rft.date=2018-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1134%2FS1063778818070104&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018PAN....81..988S&rft.aulast=Shchepetilov&rft.aufirst=V.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fui.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2018PAN....81..988S%2Fabstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZond+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214828/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-2/in-depth/">"In Depth | Zond 2"</a>. <i>Solar System Exploration: NASA Science</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-2/in-depth">the original</a> on March 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solar+System+Exploration%3A+NASA+Science&rft.atitle=In+Depth+%7C+Zond+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fzond-2%2Fin-depth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZond+2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zond_2&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-078C">NASA (NSSDC) information on Zond 2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120808012346/http://files.seds.org/pub/info/newsletters/ejasa/1991/jasa9104.txt">"The Mystery of Zond 2" by Andrew Lepage, EJASA April, 1991</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Preceded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Zond_1" title="Zond 1">Zond 1</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond program (interplanetary)</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Succeeded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Zond_program" title="Template:Zond program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zond_program" title="Template talk:Zond program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zond_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zond program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zond_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond program</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3MV" title="3MV">3MV</a> based missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zond_1" title="Zond 1">Zond 1</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zond 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zond_L1_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Zond_L1_drawing.svg/100px-Zond_L1_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Zond_L1_drawing.svg/150px-Zond_L1_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Zond_L1_drawing.svg/200px-Zond_L1_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1" title="Soyuz 7K-L1">Soyuz 7K-L1/L1S</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_146" title="Kosmos 146">Kosmos 146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_154" title="Kosmos 154">Kosmos 154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1_No.4L" title="Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L">Zond 1967A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1_No.5L" title="Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L">Zond 1967B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_4" title="Zond 4">Zond 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_1968A" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 1968A">Zond 1968A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_1968B" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 1968B">Zond 1968B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">Zond 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">Zond 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_1969A" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 1969A">Zond 1969A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_L1S-1" title="Zond L1S-1">Zond-M 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_L1S-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond L1S-2">Zond-M 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">Zond 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">Zond 8</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zond_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 9">Zond 9</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zond_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 10">Zond 10</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3MV-1_No.2" title="Zond 3MV-1 No.2">Zond 3MV-1 No.2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_Mars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mars_spacecraft" title="Template:Mars spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mars_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Mars spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mars_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mars spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_Mars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">Spacecraft missions</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">List of missions to Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">List of Mars orbiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_Mars" title="List of artificial objects on Mars">List of artificial objects on Mars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)"><i>Psyche</i></a><sup>‡</sup> (2023, flyby in 2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)"><i>Hera</i></a><sup>‡</sup> (2024, flyby in 2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i><sup>‡</sup> (2024, flyby in 2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Orbiters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Timeline of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission"><i>Hope</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1#Orbiter" title="Tianwen-1"><i>Tianwen-1</i> orbiter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg/100px-2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg/150px-2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg/200px-2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5824" data-file-height="4737" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenix_landing_(PIA09943_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg/200px-Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MSL_Artist_Concept_(PIA14164_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg/100px-MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg/150px-MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg/200px-MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1" title="Mars 1">Mars 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_4" title="Mariner 4">Mariner 4</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zond 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_6_and_7" title="Mariner 6 and 7">Mariner 6 and 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6">Mars 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_7" title="Mars 7">Mars 7</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">Mars Cube One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_4" title="Mars 4">Mars 4</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_5" title="Mars 5">Mars 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking program</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_program" title="Phobos program">Phobos program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_1" title="Phobos 1">Phobos 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_2" title="Phobos 2">Phobos 2</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Observer" title="Mars Observer">Mars Observer</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission"><i>Mangalyaan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_landers" title="List of Mars landers">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6">Mars 6</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_7" title="Mars 7">Mars 7</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1"><i>Viking 1</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2"><i>Viking 2</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder"><i>Mars Pathfinder</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander">Mars Polar Lander</a><sup>†</sup> / <a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_2" title="Deep Space 2">Deep Space 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)"><i>Phoenix</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">ExoMars <i>Schiaparelli</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight"><i>InSight</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1"><i>Tianwen-1</i> lander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PrOP-M" title="PrOP-M">PrOP-M</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Spirit" title="Timeline of Spirit">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_aircraft" title="Mars aircraft">Aircraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Failedlaunches" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px;background: #ddddff;">Failed<br />launches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M_No.1" title="Mars 1M No.1">Mars 1M No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M_No.2" title="Mars 1M No.2">1M No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-4_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-4 No.1">2MV-4 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-3_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-3 No.1">2MV-3 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_3" title="Mariner 3">Mariner 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.521" title="Mars 2M No.521">Mars 2M No.521</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.522" title="Mars 2M No.522">2M No.522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_8" title="Mariner 8">Mariner 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_419" title="Kosmos 419">Mars 3MS No.170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yinghuo-1" title="Yinghuo-1">Yinghuo-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EscaPADE" title="EscaPADE">EscaPADE</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera-hertz_Explorer" title="Tera-hertz Explorer">Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)</a> (mid 2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Orbiter Mission 2"><i>Mangalyaan-2</i></a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-3" title="Tianwen-3">Tianwen-3</a> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)">Rosalind Franklin</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBR_Explorer" title="MBR Explorer">MBR Explorer</a><sup>‡</sup> (2028, flyby in 2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA-ESA_Mars_Sample_Return" title="NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return">NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Sample_Recovery_Helicopter" title="Mars Sample Recovery Helicopter">Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kazachok" title="Kazachok">Kazachok</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Aerial_and_Ground_Global_Intelligent_Explorer" title="Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer">MAGGIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Mars_program" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Mars program">SpaceX Mars program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars-Grunt" title="Mars-Grunt">Mars-Grunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cancelledor_not_developed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px;background: #ddddff;">Cancelled<br />or not developed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_Regional-scale_Environmental_Survey" title="Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey">Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Field_Laboratory" title="Astrobiology Field Laboratory">Astrobiology Field Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_3" title="Beagle 3">Beagle 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection" title="Biological Oxidant and Life Detection">Biological Oxidant and Life Detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_and_Phobos_Interior_Explorer" title="Deimos and Phobos Interior Explorer">DePhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsokhod" title="Marsokhod">Marsokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_4NM" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars 4NM">Mars 4NM & 5NM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_5M" title="Mars 5M">Mars 5M (Mars-79)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars-Aster" title="Mars-Aster">Mars-Aster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Astrobiology_Explorer-Cacher" title="Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher">Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Geyser_Hopper" title="Mars Geyser Hopper">Mars Geyser Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Ice_Mapper" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Exploration Ice Mapper">Mars Exploration Ice Mapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One">Mars One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Micro_Orbiter" title="Mars Micro Orbiter">Mars Micro Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_2001" title="Mars Surveyor 2001">Mars Surveyor Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Telecommunications_Orbiter" title="Mars Telecommunications Orbiter">Mars Telecommunications Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_MetNet" title="Mars MetNet">MetNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetLander" title="NetLander">NetLander</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_(spacecraft)" title="Northern Light (spacecraft)">Northern Light</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Mars_Orbiter" title="Next Mars Orbiter">Next Mars Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_And_Deimos_%26_Mars_Environment" title="Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment">PADME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phootprint" title="Phootprint">Phootprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sample_Collection_for_Investigation_of_Mars" title="Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars">Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky-Sailor" title="Sky-Sailor">Sky-Sailor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">SpaceX Red Dragon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vesta_(spacecraft)" title="Vesta (spacecraft)">Vesta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program_(Mars)" title="Voyager program (Mars)">Voyager Mars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flyby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_landing" title="Mars landing">Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_atmospheric_entry" title="Mars atmospheric entry">Atmospheric entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_aircraft" title="Mars aircraft">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample-return_mission" title="Mars sample-return mission">Sample return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">Human mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_to_Stay" title="Mars to Stay">Permanent settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_Mars" title="Colonization of Mars">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars" title="Terraforming of Mars">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Strategies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Scout_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Scout Program">Mars Scout Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Joint_Initiative" title="Mars Exploration Joint Initiative">Mars Exploration Joint Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Next_Generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Next Generation">Mars Next Generation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mars_Project" title="The Mars Project">The Mars Project</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Mars" title="The Case for Mars">The Case for Mars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspiration_Mars_Foundation" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation">Inspiration Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Institute" title="Mars Institute">Mars Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Society" title="Mars Society">Mars Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_race" title="Mars race">Mars race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign <sup>†</sup> indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned. <sup>‡</sup> indicates use of the planet as a <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">gravity assist</a> en route to another destination.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1963Orbital_launches_in_19641965_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1964" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1964"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1964" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1964"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1964" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1964"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1963Orbital_launches_in_19641965_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1963_in_spaceflight" title="1963 in spaceflight">← 1963</a></div><a href="/wiki/1964_in_spaceflight" title="1964 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1964</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1965_in_spaceflight" title="1965 in spaceflight">1965 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_(satellite)" title="Poppy (satellite)">Poppy 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GGSE-1" title="GGSE-1">GGSE-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLRAD_7A" title="SOLRAD 7A">SOLRAD 7A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SECOR_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SECOR 1 (page does not exist)">SECOR 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3367A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3367A (page does not exist)">OPS 3367A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3367B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3367B (page does not exist)">OPS 3367B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relay_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Relay 2">Relay 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_2_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Echo 2 (satellite)">Echo 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I_SA-5" title="Saturn I SA-5">Jupiter Nosecone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektron_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektron 1">Elektron 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektron_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektron 2">Elektron 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_6" title="Ranger 6">Ranger 6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3444&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3444 (page does not exist)">OPS 3444</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zond_3MV-1_No.2" title="Zond 3MV-1 No.2">Zond 3MV-1 No.2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_25" title="Kosmos 25">Kosmos 25</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_2423&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 2423 (page does not exist)">OPS 2423</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3722&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3722 (page does not exist)">OPS 3722</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3435&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3435 (page does not exist)">OPS 3435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_26" title="Kosmos 26">Kosmos 26</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BE-A" class="mw-redirect" title="BE-A">BE-A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.6" title="Luna E-6 No.6">Luna E-6 No.6</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3467&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3467 (page does not exist)">OPS 3467</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_27" title="Kosmos 27">Kosmos 27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_2" title="Ariel 2">Ariel 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_1" title="Zond 1">Zond 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_28" title="Kosmos 28">Kosmos 28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_1" title="Gemini 1">Gemini 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyot_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyot 2 (page does not exist)">Polyot 2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.5" title="Luna E-6 No.5">Luna E-6 No.5</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transit_5BN-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transit 5BN-3 (page does not exist)">Transit 5BN-3</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transit_5E-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transit 5E-4 (page does not exist)">Transit 5E-4</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3743&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3743 (page does not exist)">OPS 3743</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_29" title="Kosmos 29">Kosmos 29</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_2921&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 2921 (page does not exist)">OPS 2921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 30 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3592&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3592 (page does not exist)">OPS 3592</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-101" title="AS-101">Apollo AS-101</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4412&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4412 (page does not exist)">OPS 4412</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3483&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3483 (page does not exist)">OPS 3483</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Molniya-1_No.2" title="Molniya-1 No.2">Molniya-1 No.2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_31" title="Kosmos 31">Kosmos 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_32" title="Kosmos 32">Kosmos 32</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3236&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3236 (page does not exist)">OPS 3236</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4467A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4467A (page does not exist)">OPS 4467A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4467B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4467B (page does not exist)">OPS 4467B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3754&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3754 (page does not exist)">OPS 3754</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_33" title="Kosmos 33">Kosmos 33</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Sciences_Research_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental Sciences Research Satellite (page does not exist)">ESRS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas-Centaur_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlas-Centaur 3 (page does not exist)">Atlas-Centaur 3</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_34&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 34 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 34</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3395&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3395 (page does not exist)">OPS 3395</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3684&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3684 (page does not exist)">OPS 3684</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4923&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4923 (page does not exist)">OPS 4923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektron_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektron 3">Elektron 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektron_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektron 4">Elektron 4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3491&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3491 (page does not exist)">OPS 3491</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_35" title="Kosmos 35">Kosmos 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vela_2A" title="Vela 2A">Vela 2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vela_2B" title="Vela 2B">Vela 2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Research_Satellite_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Research Satellite 13">ERS-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_7" title="Ranger 7">Ranger 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_36" title="Kosmos 36">Kosmos 36</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3042&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3042 (page does not exist)">OPS 3042</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_37" title="Kosmos 37">Kosmos 37</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3802&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3802 (page does not exist)">OPS 3802</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3216&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3216 (page does not exist)">OPS 3216</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 38 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 38</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 39 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 39</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 40 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncom_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncom 3">Syncom 3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_2739&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 2739 (page does not exist)">OPS 2739</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_41&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 41 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 41</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_42&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 42 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 42</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_43&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 43 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 43</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_44&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 44 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 44</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titan_3A-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titan 3A-2 (page does not exist)">Titan 3A-2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGO-1" class="mw-redirect" title="OGO-1">OGO-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 45 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 45</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3497&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3497 (page does not exist)">OPS 3497</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-102" title="AS-102">Apollo AS-102</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4262&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4262 (page does not exist)">OPS 4262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_46" title="Kosmos 46">Kosmos 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_21" title="Explorer 21">Explorer 21</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3333&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3333 (page does not exist)">OPS 3333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_47" title="Kosmos 47">Kosmos 47</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_5798&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 5798 (page does not exist)">OPS 5798</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dragsphere_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dragsphere 1 (page does not exist)">Dragsphere 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dragsphere_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dragsphere 2 (page does not exist)">Dragsphere 2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4036&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4036 (page does not exist)">OPS 4036</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_22" title="Explorer 22">Explorer 22</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_1" title="Voskhod 1">Voskhod 1</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_48" title="Kosmos 48">Kosmos 48</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3559&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3559 (page does not exist)">OPS 3559</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strela-1_No.6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strela-1 No.6 (page does not exist)">Strela-1 No.6</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strela-1_No.7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strela-1 No.7 (page does not exist)">Strela-1 No.7</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strela-1_No.8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strela-1 No.8 (page does not exist)">Strela-1 No.8</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4384&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4384 (page does not exist)">OPS 4384</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_5063&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 5063 (page does not exist)">OPS 5063</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_49" title="Kosmos 49">Kosmos 49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_50" title="Kosmos 50">Kosmos 50</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_5434&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 5434 (page does not exist)">OPS 5434</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3062&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3062 (page does not exist)">OPS 3062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_3" title="Mariner 3">Mariner 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_23" title="Explorer 23">Explorer 23</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3360&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3360 (page does not exist)">OPS 3360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_24" title="Explorer 24">Explorer 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_25" title="Explorer 25">Explorer 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_4" title="Mariner 4">Mariner 4</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zond 2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-2_No.2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-2 No.2 (page does not exist)">DS-2 No.2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4439&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4439 (page does not exist)">OPS 4439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_51" title="Kosmos 51">Kosmos 51</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titan_3A-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titan 3A-1 (page does not exist)">Titan 3A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surveyor_Mass_Model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surveyor Mass Model (page does not exist)">Surveyor Mass Model</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_6582&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 6582 (page does not exist)">OPS 6582</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transit_5E-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transit 5E-5 (page does not exist)">Transit 5E-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marco_1" title="San Marco 1">San Marco 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3358&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3358 (page does not exist)">OPS 3358</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_26" title="Explorer 26">Explorer 26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPS_3762" title="OPS 3762">OPS 3762</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in <u>underline</u>. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in <i>italics</i>. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/USSR-Satellite.svg/40px-USSR-Satellite.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/USSR-Satellite.svg/60px-USSR-Satellite.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/USSR-Satellite.svg/80px-USSR-Satellite.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="378" /></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about one or more spacecraft of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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