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</li> <li id="toc-Vulcan_Park_and_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vulcan_Park_and_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vulcan Park and Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vulcan_Park_and_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vulcan_statue&params=33_29_30.18_N_86_47_43.86_W_type:landmark_region:US-AL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°29′30.18″N</span> <span class="longitude">86°47′43.86″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.4917167°N 86.7955167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.4917167; -86.7955167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States historic place</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:1px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5"><i>Vulcan</i> statue</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vulcan_statue_Birmingham_AL_2008_snow_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Vulcan_statue_Birmingham_AL_2008_snow_retouched.jpg/225px-Vulcan_statue_Birmingham_AL_2008_snow_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Vulcan_statue_Birmingham_AL_2008_snow_retouched.jpg/338px-Vulcan_statue_Birmingham_AL_2008_snow_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Vulcan_statue_Birmingham_AL_2008_snow_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="789" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Vulcan</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style 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.pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Map_USA_Alabama_Birmingham.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Vulcan statue is located in Birmingham, Alabama"><img alt="Vulcan statue is located in Birmingham, Alabama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Location_Map_USA_Alabama_Birmingham.png/250px-Location_Map_USA_Alabama_Birmingham.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Location_Map_USA_Alabama_Birmingham.png/375px-Location_Map_USA_Alabama_Birmingham.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Location_Map_USA_Alabama_Birmingham.png/500px-Location_Map_USA_Alabama_Birmingham.png 2x" data-file-width="1602" data-file-height="1520" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.186%;left:58.914%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vulcan statue"><img alt="Vulcan statue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Birmingham, Alabama</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Alabama_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vulcan statue is located in Alabama"><img alt="Vulcan statue is located in Alabama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/USA_Alabama_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Alabama_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="398" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/USA_Alabama_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Alabama_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/USA_Alabama_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Alabama_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.232%;left:47.612%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vulcan statue"><img alt="Vulcan statue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Alabama</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vulcan statue is located in the United States"><img alt="Vulcan statue is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.214%;left:66.56%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vulcan statue"><img alt="Vulcan statue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Red_Mountain_(Alabama)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Mountain (Alabama)">Red Mountain, Birmingham, Alabama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vulcan_statue&params=33_29_30.18_N_86_47_43.86_W_type:landmark_region:US-AL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°29′30.18″N</span> <span class="longitude">86°47′43.86″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.4917167°N 86.7955167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.4917167; -86.7955167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">4 acres (1.6 ha)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Built</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">1904, 1939</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Sculptor</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">Giuseppe Moretti</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/76000333">76000333</a><sup id="cite_ref-nris_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">July 6, 1976</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b><i>Vulcan</i> statue</b> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> statue in the world, and is the city symbol of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>, United States, reflecting its roots in the <a href="/wiki/Iron_and_steel_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Iron and steel industry in the United States">iron and steel industry</a>. The 56-foot (17 m) tall statue depicts the <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman god</a> <a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(mythology)" title="Vulcan (mythology)">Vulcan</a>, god of the fire and forge, with ironworking equipment. It was created as Birmingham's entry for the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_Exposition" title="Louisiana Purchase Exposition">Louisiana Purchase Exposition</a> (1904 World's Fair) in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>. While it is the world's largest made of iron, it is also among <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_tallest_statues_in_the_United_States" title="List of the tallest statues in the United States">the nation's tallest statues</a> of any kind.<sup id="cite_ref-times_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_statue&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_statue&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commissioned by the Commercial Club of Birmingham, Italian-born <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Moretti" title="Giuseppe Moretti">Giuseppe Moretti</a> began designing the monumental figure in 1903, using a 6-foot (183 cm) tall model to study the form. He next sculpted a clay master model in an unfinished church in <a href="/wiki/Passaic,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic, New Jersey">Passaic, New Jersey</a>, and this was then divided into sections and transported by <a href="/wiki/Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad">railroad</a> to the Birmingham Steel and Iron Company for the preparation of casting molds for the iron.<sup id="cite_ref-times_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moretti received an artist's fee of $6,000, which would be about $200,000 in 2023 dollars. The Commercial Club of Birmingham held art shows, concerts, baseball games, and many more activities to raise the estimated $15,000 ($510,000 in 2023 dollars) it would cost to build and transport the statue. It is also noted that pot metal statuettes of <i>Vulcan</i> were sold at both the St. Louis World's Fair and in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a> for two dollars apiece to help in the accumulated costs it took to create the statue.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Vulcan</i> statue consists of 29 cast-iron components with connecting flanges that are bolted together internally. The heaviest section is his whole head, which weighs 11,000 pounds (4,990 kg). Iron forgemen designed and executed the connection details for the statue, which originally had no internal framework and was self-supporting. The <a href="/wiki/Grey_iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey iron">grey iron</a> castings were made in Birmingham entirely from locally produced iron. </p><p>The completed weight of the god Vulcan's figure alone is 100,000 pounds (45,359 kg). When Vulcan's <a href="/wiki/Anvil" title="Anvil">anvil</a>, block, hammer, and spearpoint are added, the statue weighs a total of 120,000 pounds (54,431 kg) and it stands on a 123-foot tall (37 m) pedestal. The statue has a chest circumference of 22 feet 6 inches (7 m) and a waist circumference of 18 feet 3 inches (6 m). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1904_World's_Fair"><span id="1904_World.27s_Fair"></span>1904 World's Fair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_statue&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1904 World's Fair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The statue was shipped to St. Louis as Birmingham's entry into the 1904 World's Fair. Vulcan dramatically demonstrated the mineral riches and manufacturing capabilities of the Birmingham area while on display in the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_Exposition" title="Louisiana Purchase Exposition">Louisiana Purchase Exposition</a>'s "Palace of Mines and Metallurgy". It was awarded a "Grand Prize". </p><p>When the 1904 World's Fair ended, the <i>Vulcan</i> statue was dismantled and returned to its home city of Birmingham, only to be left in pieces alongside the railroad tracks due to unpaid freight bills. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alabama_State_Fairgrounds">Alabama State Fairgrounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_statue&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Alabama State Fairgrounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Vulcan</i> statue was eventually re-erected at the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_State_Fairgrounds" title="Alabama State Fairgrounds">Alabama State Fairgrounds</a>, but the statue's arms were installed incorrectly, and the god was without his <a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">spear</a>, which had been lost on the way from St. Louis. </p><p>With nothing to hold in its hands, <i>Vulcan</i> soon became an advertising figure. Over the years, <i>Vulcan</i> held an ice cream cone, a <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> bottle, and even <a href="/wiki/H._J._Heinz_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="H. J. Heinz Company">Heinz</a> pickles. In the late 1920s, the statue was disassembled for inspection. During this time, children would often play around the disassembled statue. It was painted a flesh color and was reassembled in the early 1930s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atop_Red_Mountain">Atop Red Mountain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_statue&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Atop Red Mountain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was not until 1936 that the statue found a suitable home, thanks to the <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a>, which partially funded a new park in the city at the top of <a href="/wiki/Red_Mountain_(Alabama)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Mountain (Alabama)">Red Mountain</a>. A 126-foot (38.4 m) pedestal was built of local <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, and <i>Vulcan</i> was hoisted into place. A new spear was fabricated to be held high in his right hand while his left hand held a hammer at his side. <i>Vulcan</i> was repainted in an aluminum like finish. The statue's naked <a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">buttocks</a> have been a source of humor for many years. A novelty song, "Moon Over Homewood," refers to the fact that the statue "<a href="/wiki/Mooning" title="Mooning">moons</a>" the neighboring suburb of <a href="/wiki/Homewood,_Alabama" title="Homewood, Alabama">Homewood, Alabama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-times_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A nine-day festival commenced on May 7, 1939 to dedicate Vulcan Park. Evelyn Tully was crowned the Vulcan Queen. Guests of honor included the foundrymen who originally cast <i>Vulcan</i>. A crowd of 5,000 was present for the opening night of the festival. </p><p>In 1938 a challenge was sent out to hundreds of engineers and architects throughout the Southeast to design the base and park area. There were hundreds of submissions but a little known draftsman by the name of Carl Franklin Edins from Birmingham, Alabama was unanimously declared the winner. </p><p>To take full advantage of <i>Vulcan</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s position overlooking Birmingham, the city's <a href="/wiki/Junior_Chamber_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Chamber of Commerce">Junior Chamber of Commerce</a> in 1946 made the statue into a symbol for <a href="/wiki/Road_safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Road safety">road safety</a>. His spear was replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Neon_lamp" title="Neon lamp">neon</a> torch that glowed green, except during the 24 hours following a fatal traffic accident, when it glowed red. The spear was restored after the 1999–2004 restoration. </p><p>In 1949, <i>Vulcan</i> got new neighbors, when two television stations, <a href="/wiki/WVTM" class="mw-redirect" title="WVTM">WAFM-TV (now WVTM)</a> and <a href="/wiki/WBRC" title="WBRC">WBRC</a> located their studios and towers on Red Mountain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centennial_facelift">Centennial facelift</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_statue&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Centennial facelift"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vulcan_Statue_January_1990.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vulcan_Statue_January_1990.jpg/220px-Vulcan_Statue_January_1990.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vulcan_Statue_January_1990.jpg/330px-Vulcan_Statue_January_1990.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vulcan_Statue_January_1990.jpg/440px-Vulcan_Statue_January_1990.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="940" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of <i>Vulcan</i> dated to January 1990. The photograph shows how the statue looked prior to the 1999–2004 restoration.</figcaption></figure> <p>To celebrate Birmingham's centennial, the area around the statue was given a $1 million facelift in 1971. The original tower was clad in Alabama <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> with an elevator and observation deck added. A covered walkway also connected a gift shop and snack bar. <i>Vulcan</i> was repainted a rust red a few years later. <i>Vulcan</i> was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> on July 6, 1976. </p><p>Unfortunately, the statue itself had, when originally placed atop the pedestal, been filled up to the chest with <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a> and had begun to deteriorate seriously due to different expansion and contraction rates of concrete versus cast iron. By 1990, an engineering study found that the statue was in danger of collapse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1999–2004_restoration"><span id="1999.E2.80.932004_restoration"></span>1999–2004 restoration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_statue&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1999–2004 restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vulcan_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Vulcan_statue.jpg/220px-Vulcan_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Vulcan_statue.jpg/330px-Vulcan_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Vulcan_statue.jpg/440px-Vulcan_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1716" data-file-height="2576" /></a><figcaption><i>Vulcan</i> on its restored pedestal with new elevator tower</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Vulcan</i> was removed during October and November 1999 in preparations for a $14 million renovation process that saw the park and pedestal restored to its original 1938 appearance. The statue sat in Vulcan Park's parking lot until the fall of 2001, when it was shipped to Robinson Iron to be repaired. The statue itself was thoroughly inspected and repaired, with some parts, including the lost spear point, re-cast. The new and restored pieces were thoroughly coated with a durable paint system, including a light-gray finish coat dubbed "Vulcan Gray" by the specifier. </p><p>Meanwhile, in 2002, the 1971 park additions were demolished, and scaffolding went up around <i>Vulcan</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s tower. Workmen cleaned and repaired the original tower. <i>Vulcan</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s head and right arm went on display at the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Museum_of_Art" title="Birmingham Museum of Art">Birmingham Museum of Art</a> while the tower was prepared. </p><p><i>Vulcan</i> was re-erected on a steel armature atop his tower during June 2003, restored to its original appearance as intended by Moretti, reoriented to the east. Television stations WVTM and WBRC both provided live <a href="/wiki/Webcam" title="Webcam">webcams</a> of the reinstallation. </p><p>Shortly after the statue was reinstalled, the scaffolding came down, and a new observation deck, providing panoramic views of the area, was installed. The museum at the base was rebuilt and a new elevator was installed, but oriented so it would not be easily seen from downtown Birmingham. The original waterfalls were not rebuilt, though the stone walkways leading from the parking lot directly to <i>Vulcan</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s tower were restored. The statue and park were officially reopened in 2004, celebrating Vulcan's 100th birthday. In 2004, Vulcan Park welcomed more than 100,000 visitors who took in the statue's views of downtown Birmingham. </p><p>The restoration project received a National Preservation Honor Award from the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Historic_Preservation" title="National Trust for Historic Preservation">National Trust for Historic Preservation</a> in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vulcan_Park_and_Museum">Vulcan Park and Museum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_statue&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vulcan Park and Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vulcan_Center_at_the_top_of_Red_Mountain_in_Birmingham_Alabama.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Vulcan_Center_at_the_top_of_Red_Mountain_in_Birmingham_Alabama.JPG/220px-Vulcan_Center_at_the_top_of_Red_Mountain_in_Birmingham_Alabama.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Vulcan_Center_at_the_top_of_Red_Mountain_in_Birmingham_Alabama.JPG/330px-Vulcan_Center_at_the_top_of_Red_Mountain_in_Birmingham_Alabama.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Vulcan_Center_at_the_top_of_Red_Mountain_in_Birmingham_Alabama.JPG/440px-Vulcan_Center_at_the_top_of_Red_Mountain_in_Birmingham_Alabama.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Vulcan Center at the top of Red Mountain</figcaption></figure> <p>Vulcan Park and Museum (VPM) features views of Birmingham, an interactive history museum that examines <i>Vulcan</i> and Birmingham's story, and a 10-acre (4 ha) <a href="/wiki/Urban_green_space" title="Urban green space">urban green space</a>. In May 2007, Vulcan Park and Museum was designated an official Birmingham Information Center by the Greater Birmingham Convention and Visitors Bureau and offers information on transportation services, restaurants, events and other cultural offerings in Birmingham. </p><p>Vulcan Park and Museum is operated by Vulcan Park Foundation, a non-profit organization with a mission to preserve and promote Vulcan as the symbol for the Birmingham region, to advance knowledge and understanding of Birmingham's history and culture, and to encourage exploration of the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_statue&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_District" title="Birmingham District">Birmingham District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues" title="List of statues">List of statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_statues" title="List of tallest statues">List of tallest statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_tallest_statues_in_the_United_States" title="List of the tallest statues in the United States">List of the tallest statues in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVTM-TV" title="WVTM-TV">WVTM Channel 13</a> – local television station with call letter <i>V</i> for <i>Vulcan</i></li> <li>An ode to <i>Vulcan</i> by Alabama poet <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ghigna" title="Charles Ghigna">Charles Ghigna</a> was published by <a href="/wiki/AL.com" class="mw-redirect" title="AL.com">AL.com</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_statue&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nris-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nris_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. July 9, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2010-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVulcan+statue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-times-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-times_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-times_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-times_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlionna2015" class="citation news cs1">Glionna, John M. (April 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-birmingham-vulcan-20150412-story.html">"Birmingham's Vulcan statue, often the butt of jokes, remains well-loved"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Birmingham%27s+Vulcan+statue%2C+often+the+butt+of+jokes%2C+remains+well-loved&rft.date=2015-04-12&rft.aulast=Glionna&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fla-na-birmingham-vulcan-20150412-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVulcan+statue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Billmeier, Katherine Estes, Philip A. Morris, and J. Scott Howell, eds. Vulcan and Vulcan Park: Celebrating 100 Years of Birmingham's Colossal Icon. Birmingham, AL: Vulcan Park Foundation, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.preservationnation.org/resources/case-studies/preservation-award-winners/vulcan-park.html">"National Trust Presents National Preservation Honor Award to Vulcan Park in Birmingham, Alabama"</a> (Press release). National Trust for Historic Preservation. 2006-11-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Trust+Presents+National+Preservation+Honor+Award+to+Vulcan+Park+in+Birmingham%2C+Alabama&rft.pub=National+Trust+for+Historic+Preservation&rft.date=2006-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.preservationnation.org%2Fresources%2Fcase-studies%2Fpreservation-award-winners%2Fvulcan-park.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVulcan+statue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillmeierMorrisHowell2004" class="citation book cs1">Billmeier, Katherine Estes; Morris, Philip A.; Howell, J. Scott (2004). <i>Vulcan and Vulcan Park: Celebrating 100 Years of Birmingham's Colossal Icon</i>. Birmingham, AL: Vulcan Park Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9703157-5-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9703157-5-9"><bdi>0-9703157-5-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vulcan+and+Vulcan+Park%3A+Celebrating+100+Years+of+Birmingham%27s+Colossal+Icon&rft.place=Birmingham%2C+AL&rft.pub=Vulcan+Park+Foundation&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-9703157-5-9&rft.aulast=Billmeier&rft.aufirst=Katherine+Estes&rft.au=Morris%2C+Philip+A.&rft.au=Howell%2C+J.+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVulcan+statue" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowell2004" class="citation journal cs1">Howell, J. Scott (2004). "Bringing Back the Magic: Restoring Giuseppi Moretti's <i>Vulcan</i> in Birmingham, Alabama". <i><a href="/wiki/APT_Bulletin" title="APT Bulletin">APT Bulletin</a></i>. <b>35</b> (<span class="nowrap">2–</span>3): <span class="nowrap">27–</span>31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4126402">10.2307/4126402</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0044-9466">0044-9466</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4126402">4126402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=APT+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Bringing+Back+the+Magic%3A+Restoring+Giuseppi+Moretti%27s+Vulcan+in+Birmingham%2C+Alabama&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0044-9466&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4126402%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4126402&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=J.+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVulcan+statue" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKierstead2002" class="citation journal cs1">Kierstead, Matthew A. (2002). "Vulcan: Birmingham's Industrial Colossus". <i><a href="/wiki/IA,_The_Journal_of_the_Society_for_Industrial_Archeology" class="mw-redirect" title="IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology">IA, The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology</a></i>. <b>28</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">59–</span>74. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40947144">40947144</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IA%2C+The+Journal+of+the+Society+for+Industrial+Archeology&rft.atitle=Vulcan%3A+Birmingham%27s+Industrial+Colossus&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E59-%3C%2Fspan%3E74&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40947144%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kierstead&rft.aufirst=Matthew+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVulcan+statue" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1995" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Philip A. (1995). <i>Vulcan and His Times</i>. Birmingham, AL: Birmingham Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vulcan+and+His+Times&rft.place=Birmingham%2C+AL&rft.pub=Birmingham+Historical+Society&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Philip+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVulcan+statue" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_statue&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vulcan_statue" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vulcan statue">Vulcan statue</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitvulcan.com/">Vulcan Park and Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdm17210.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/search/collection/lpe!stereographs/searchterm/Vulcan/field/all/mode/all/conn/all/order/nosort/ad/asc">The Vulcan statue on display in St. Louis at the 1904 World's Fair</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdm17210.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/">St. Louis Public Library Digital Collections</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bplonline.cdmhost.com/cdm4/results.php?CISORESTMP=/cdm4/results.php&CISOVIEWTMP=/cdm4/item_viewer.php&CISOMODE=grid&CISOGRID=thumbnail,A,1;title,A,1;subjec,A,1;type,200,1;none,A,0;20;title,none,none,none,none&CISOBIB=title,A,1,N;subjec,A,0,N;descri,200,0,N;none,A,0,N;none,A,0,N;20;title,none,none,none,none&CISOTHUMB=20%20(4x5);title,none,none,none,none&CISOTITLE=20;title,none,none,none,none&CISOHIERA=20;subjec,title,none,none,none&CISOTYPE=link&CISOOP1=all&CISOFIELD1=title&CISOBOX1=&CISOOP2=all&CISOFIELD2=subjec&CISOBOX2=Vulcan&CISOOP3=all&CISOFIELD3=descri&CISOBOX3=&CISOOP4=all&CISOFIELD4=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOBOX4=&c=all&CISOROOT=all"><i>Vulcan</i> photos and newspaper articles at the Birmingham Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_American_Engineering_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic American Engineering Record">Historic American Engineering Record</a> (HAER) documentation: <ul><li>HAER No. AL-29, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/al0964/"><i>Vulcan</i> Statue & Park, Atop Red Mountain off Vulcan Road, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL</a>", 32 photos, 2 measured drawings, 108 data pages, 2 photo caption pages</li> <li>HAER No. AL-208, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/al1335/">Robinson Iron Foundry, <i>Vulcan</i>, 1856 Robinson Road, Alexander City, Tallapoosa County, AL</a>", 17 photos, 2 photo caption pages</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robinsoniron.com/portfolio-item/vulcan/">"Vulcan: Restoration of Monumental Cast Iron Sculpture"</a>. <i>Robinson Iron</i>. June 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Robinson+Iron&rft.atitle=Vulcan%3A+Restoration+of+Monumental+Cast+Iron+Sculpture&rft.date=2003-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robinsoniron.com%2Fportfolio-item%2Fvulcan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVulcan+statue" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bhistorical.org/education/VulcanOS.pdf">"Colossi of the Ancient World" – A Birmingham Historical Society Information booklet (2 pages in pdf)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bhistorical.org/education/Vulcan.pdf"><i>Vive Vulcan!</i> – A Birmingham Historical Society activity book (40 pages in pdf)</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church" title="16th Street Baptist Church">16th Street Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.G._Gaston_Motel" title="A.G. Gaston Motel">A.G. Gaston Motel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Adventure_%26_Splash_Adventure" title="Alabama Adventure & Splash Adventure">Alabama Adventure Theme Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Jazz_Hall_of_Fame" title="Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame">Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Sports_Hall_of_Fame" title="Alabama Sports Hall of Fame">Alabama Sports Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Theatre" title="Alabama Theatre">Alabama Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldridge_Botanical_Gardens" title="Aldridge Botanical Gardens">Aldridge Botanical Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alys_Robinson_Stephens_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Alys Robinson Stephens Performing Arts Center">Alys Stephens Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Antebellum_Home_%26_Gardens" title="Arlington Antebellum Home & Gardens">Arlington Antebellum Home & Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avondale,_Birmingham,_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Avondale, Birmingham, Alabama">Avondale Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barber_Motorsports_Park" title="Barber Motorsports Park">Barber Motorsports Park and Vintage Motorsports Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessemer_Hall_of_History" title="Bessemer Hall of History">Bessemer Hall of History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel_Baptist_Church_(Birmingham,_Alabama)" title="Bethel Baptist Church (Birmingham, Alabama)">Bethel Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Harris_Arena" title="Bill Harris Arena">Bill Harris Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Botanical_Gardens,_Alabama" title="Birmingham Botanical Gardens, Alabama">Birmingham Botanical Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_District" title="Birmingham Civil Rights District">Birmingham Civil Rights District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_Institute" title="Birmingham Civil Rights Institute">Birmingham Civil Rights Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_National_Monument" title="Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument">Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham%E2%80%93Shuttlesworth_International_Airport" title="Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport">Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Zoo" title="Birmingham Zoo">Birmingham Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Museum_of_Art" title="Birmingham Museum of Art">Birmingham Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham%E2%80%93Jefferson_Convention_Complex" title="Birmingham–Jefferson Convention Complex">Birmingham–Jefferson Convention Complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Arena" title="Legacy Arena">Legacy Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protective_Stadium" title="Protective Stadium">Protective Stadium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutwell_Memorial_Auditorium" title="Boutwell Memorial Auditorium">Boutwell Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahaba_River" title="Cahaba River">Cahaba River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carver_Theatre_(Birmingham,_Alabama)" title="Carver Theatre (Birmingham, Alabama)">Carver Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastwood_Village" title="Eastwood Village">Eastwood Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Motorsports_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Motorsports Hall of Fame">International Motorsports Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Ingram_Park" title="Kelly Ingram Park">Kelly Ingram Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Park" title="Lane Park">Lane Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_Field" title="Legion Field">Legion Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McWane_Science_Center" title="McWane Science Center">McWane Science Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Mountain_Amphitheatre" title="Oak Mountain Amphitheatre">Oak Mountain Amphitheatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Mountain_State_Park" title="Oak Mountain State Park">Oak Mountain State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_Park" title="Railroad Park">Railroad Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mountain_(Birmingham)" title="Red Mountain (Birmingham)">Red Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mountain_Park" title="Red Mountain Park">Red Mountain Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_Field" title="Regions Field">Regions Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickwood_Field" title="Rickwood Field">Rickwood Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverchase_Galleria" title="Riverchase Galleria">Riverchase Galleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_Trail" title="Rotary Trail">Rotary Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruffner_Mountain_Nature_Preserve" title="Ruffner Mountain Nature Preserve">Ruffner Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samford_University" title="Samford University">Samford University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloss_Furnaces" title="Sloss Furnaces">Sloss Furnaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Museum_of_Flight" title="Southern Museum of Flight">Southern Museum of Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talladega_Superspeedway" title="Talladega Superspeedway">Talladega Superspeedway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Summit_(Birmingham)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Summit (Birmingham)">The Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama_at_Birmingham" title="University of Alabama at Birmingham">UAB</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Vulcan</i> statue and Vulcan Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places516" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_architectural_style_categories" title="National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories">Architectural style categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._National_Historic_Landmarks_by_state" title="List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state">List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alabama" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alaska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arizona" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arkansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Colorado" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Connecticut" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Delaware" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Florida" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Georgia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hawaii" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Idaho" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Illinois" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Iowa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kentucky" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Louisiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maine" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maryland" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Minnesota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mississippi" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Missouri" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nebraska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nevada" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Hampshire" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Jersey" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Mexico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a 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