CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91e88dcc99064b92',cH: 'Bz61q7Ug9mKjfUyPto3wxqlNGg3ORBe2FVDbsDSSFHc-1741669915-1.2.1.1-607W3tuTJ_9k49e3_ERHjxI2Jy3aL9e0nsQyjMIK6wZm1PDCH04UWX3I3alMB4PQ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=language%20evaluation&__cf_chl_tk=RYW9OhaWLS1oGZbP.kh7jxKGOUPIEUPdcJI9P7q4SYM-1741669915-1.0.1.1-TMnAv4Bl6DXcj6O3GCF.mEAT1F781MaZ1BQJeRooToo",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741669915',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=language%20evaluation&__cf_chl_f_tk=RYW9OhaWLS1oGZbP.kh7jxKGOUPIEUPdcJI9P7q4SYM-1741669915-1.0.1.1-TMnAv4Bl6DXcj6O3GCF.mEAT1F781MaZ1BQJeRooToo",md: "WHQDRcwllWTbgRrADotTZHdUjPggUKcPVtzC1a50dZ4-1741669915-1.2.1.1-Nxyquwf07O9uj0CnPvqnIgOq0qGSUixdm7A15tEo_nINm6tEOJt49xbtg396QsTJ7C76C7meWnQpHOViCUJbKLpgceQCVC8olsIP5GUK2tUrSWy.WAvaDXdv_yK_wpZu95BBErPcDMfIXWDsMjAKGNUc5Dvpzz9hlBauLTZ7QSRma_DgvvL.nJ3Wi8q3fmSigsBGzuzYLH2Hfi5StHQFA7rJSofKr7mPnWt5FTqes7lpOV7WLrzcdiHkJb9nq7Dl0ObOs5.my3.hdegY7KsIxcwf5pgtWuQeUsz73FpTXQ.A1XHfKeoP2ZUsZ5A8KgunsCiECVaceqB.Hyzpkwf9ivHSIngzNULxjJNRs62Onp_j5Q.DbiYy5mYXy411Ex8sGzWfCdiUqu3yZ8H2lqyW526gJXpIqE_6D8Vmlk2OvjIMBbius2eMfo0.VxU6FRPrMRLmKX__TFWotg0KYyc1KHXUJFjGEUyW41.LXoYDisxk.j8hmvHMbq2sbvvvcz64tf.otX3BcOd.sZ9ETHchJpGwYtRjnJYGQKyQapIor7Akxt6mZy4GP1T2UF.LWa_CRbtIBwDU4x9WjS5yGp4uouiqjW_wj4H2GfivDlb1qmnyJJ6UMz9PEYcgMfe9M._D4Gtsd4QgH5MZYjyoxJhemVwpI7SHHdvYpoEsHMcjgJbrCzNnSfRtqKw4FYjz4xLf2_a52zMpDir2_RzS5jolH2r_4kuJzxNX_pjsfOZaLqpwybBMcViHvCRnLCGwXpE2jO4X9h4k0jb6ZWb0TPWXLhQvnR47Yrbzy8iejwHoXLZU1yBD5GmfQ4l_ZxvWX_TAv.4mauxoFjRT_pfZNvc0nZ.Pqm.L9ArWsSHMIjQYyukZzzQW.YI1NHdvBoleQAdts5KesV_Q7BwATawAnNMGF.MP8KaSib3J519s7TlBNAJkiRGJDy.3bh40Kl_3Mg4Bpvf.RI.tB9Nd3FnoDwgxWFoyWAVL8Lsm4hGl3YMCoVIPjgfq5cj9HU2ImOa8vhBkrbihA7mgpE7evAoQ6RghNLlPS2cWH2UcDOWOZZRBNytH.Yl1q8oFtHnNHwYdNHvnHzxb1Z.iwvfzilPO99XO24R0UQ0AagBcra38Um.PRdOzs5ymcIrN6V55awxQ6rSrguHtxUq.Nsfy3xzqtq6JUxw.TtvQuRaI6jrHPOg4ylmknkszDZk8zxUQ_IV9UXU8VTxcn0a1MXd0oZPGjw6ASBg1VfwdKIxBXOHdd4PXH1E5hQXb_P7MDsH.yYdwy.0oYoNHSLvTXjAuD3dEXAeFNgSdMWH2qxFyHX12RigmbM0",mdrd: "CH.3OVSZpPphR6NeCUzKPlheb_ZL.HeC1PKB9fEj078-1741669915-1.2.1.1-GdaYwG9RfVVxUGq_tWdGr.m8acsJeAi_Wor42zaHA9u.t5R7EWj8Ke1ktJArokOp6GJVufeFQswPwCDqnH9WIm6noYKbgWuIMfinG28qpiCFVk9ga1JFbibpUQgIAlk51FRNpGTTOR8KFzYEDZiAni7APKlGSFSbgerQXtmzyNI38YxXNxp1Wom4tVB9m5NRH0hhoeph6_WBeZxQH5QCz5N9gvywBGmcsoLYCeYCTWLhvPtoAm6aVWJ2fekkWm3fyE_Exfx2P4uQmbkuFZcUd20wSZtaVrlhb3CL.MFs6AgHoFORio44WAzlp50DFqeLetpol9cMGFUOwWg5ka3DyL6KcyzvjiFM7MZ0eAPHrs1A7D0XCqwC6b62U841BnGE8TwZD0Ln8z9nDPJ22pK0paClxlpUoLa5bGjjwVtf.1TSB2GcP1FGrhn1cYnCgN9jaqhVGt_wpHNzPAtE5Yx6CCgM0pRIPPHhURxoMtwEQ_f3Q7QTLHRi6lvcrukOQFFxqqE5Ev1uZixvtW8keb5A044DoufpRlnwYoCsYN6YAzAjwtOEIXmOSnkqfO3FUqJjOgbPufHPqKlHytPKYp5yA9betw7KL25GeO_bbxRTlJvWviGCbudHrqjXf0DXcr56dWkQ8cvzHf64n3VREeHg6QQMER31bbA5cyrrNyA6oDhxZqb0pl5HUsBkD847XE3.lKY8xJNBjo7UWOFDwB.GUMYa.2LBXVX.M6VS2HEIX9kiWTph_LbLLg9z3OpjwhyyYVjCzMrSnx0X5YVLgKcvR3WBCsHZvn8p8J5xk_SskyIidXKUqqUHYhLodm3Zu4CYZ_97bxkqmFRjcO.SgfaJMh4x40IWP.xW1Wd.6pfaIUVrPCFgsHsQYd5bCOKZ_YvUMvTMMXarCl75QvhyQx_bXEGqWnJ5qAZNL7rmN5hKh9KgLhjlmOti.Cz.sYj9ts7Bb.mZs8krtrsXunOV1AUklA_1upBY38JKGVsf4uAMsXGtdAhZ9uUesyHR1xcIXLbaJOcEGHMxCxS6vXIoIQHfAdxoBpYwn_laNEbzX73TvgLqGo26dkezAsna0aWyvkrxqzq2MOzXlrF9JRzvJeyvn.1B7j1CBi9..UgpKo1E7CQS4fEsIXDp89W4BfxKRDW4b_iGerXdRtrnC3YO51K_9r13O2rA6loE1HFouvMxl96ZLA8BRulU.qDTjF77W9tTCozXhNHowxzlYTsHwp_yqYl0VGx0Q0Zai7TrMF9rGvKdhU3eFtVrpwi3soTGeHa23YN5RK3iU3yvd0RmYLsaCt7RazS6E0iOTTd.QeobTBTkZRp8u_mhLiIq_s3zEJnckPoHK8vauPxEmW4psm5G66EfDAT53.JMseUl9GI1LH.l_3cU9QZk2.V6eA1hyEX0NB1JJ347LW_CXiAl19ZZetfu9aPzNAkXRnjOVK39OWodD5Ktj7IAtoPBAPSo73C8W0jBuFVt0aCgQ43OkFwuacy9S.O8qaGOJatGS7xVjACUozkzvwkxZwPlNFbR0uTZhjFSxo7Miqe6Xv6ZUIg6FcdNO6ex3j0hwfRQ9P0q4TpTMAIy2sMv4INVEK4p_tHD5bOrSQWdwKAs4xDMigbMwKJiIeLWdZhiM08yrYaHIunG1WURb2W2fJEIRK1ochXExwNhcc97c23LVSN6_C29bs1MZmC1eFIdJ.YAvOZY0CbpDexnPL9hYh2zhw8fcCXj7IK9pCCYlFaKNRcK6CeHMLLiy6R9qSCPkweg0Zbar4I7_9TJ.PCXk5g8AalwIaa0JjiqnFBz4fQybPeLpTy6oYgsVP8GBvpgad9lkC1tk1OQpfrVZ4MhXSCYMTstuzEl4K2Og4g_5gf6u_YmmagqmbOhaAr_YNTPJJRlMAOf1pa0hFgMJ0EoRDhNiQy1FxAwtvqW8jyP2PCvrfUeaRvO8wzaxh8BuA1Dpd3waF1dzTWWGvNCuUGnDK7f_n_cl7_0iZY3ZomJTw9MiDT5T7VvqA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91e88dcc99064b92';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=language%20evaluation&__cf_chl_rt_tk=RYW9OhaWLS1oGZbP.kh7jxKGOUPIEUPdcJI9P7q4SYM-1741669915-1.0.1.1-TMnAv4Bl6DXcj6O3GCF.mEAT1F781MaZ1BQJeRooToo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>