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Williams</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Joanne Williams"> <meta name="keywords" content="Joanne Williams"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Joanne Williams" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Joanne Williams"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 156</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Joanne Williams</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> Sexual Violence against Men in Conflicts: A Neglected Serious Issue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olalekan%20Olaluwoye">Olalekan Olaluwoye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Williams"> Joanne Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20%20Hoban"> Elizabeth Hoban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Brockington"> Sonia Brockington</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cases of sexual violence against men have been reported in at least twenty-five conflict situations in history. However, there is a paucity of academic literature and minimal media, policy and legal discussions on sexual violence against men. Most studies and discussions remain locked in the ‘male perpetrators, female victims’ paradigm. Male victims continue to suffer the consequences of sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict settings in silence. A rigorous narrative systematic review of the literature revealed few studies on the subject and those that exist have a narrow focus on rape as the only form of sexual violence despite the existence of other forms of sexual violence that have equally devastating effects. This paper argues that while research and discussions on sexual violence against women should continue, it is time to conduct rigorous mixed methods research to understand the experiences of men and boys survivors of sexual violence. There is a need to study sexual violence more broadly, without limiting it to rape, and to understand the determinants and health implications of sexual violence perpetrated on men. The paper concludes by proposing a research approach that gives voice to the experiences of male survivors of sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title="conflict">conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=male%20survivors" title=" male survivors"> male survivors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-conflict%20settings" title=" post-conflict settings"> post-conflict settings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20violence" title=" sexual violence"> sexual violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121131/sexual-violence-against-men-in-conflicts-a-neglected-serious-issue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> Target and Equalizer Design for Perpendicular Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Tueku">P. Tueku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Supnithi"> P. Supnithi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Wongsathan"> R. Wongsathan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) is one of the leading technologies identified to enable areal density beyond 1 Tb/in2 of magnetic recording systems. A key challenge to HAMR designing is accuracy of positioning, timing of the firing laser, power of the laser, thermo-magnetic head, head-disk interface and cooling system. We study the effect of HAMR parameters on transition center and transition width. The HAMR is model using Thermal Williams-Comstock (TWC) and microtrack model. The target and equalizer are designed by the minimum mean square error (MMSE). The result shows that the unit energy constraint outperforms other constraints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat-assisted%20magnetic%20recording" title="heat-assisted magnetic recording">heat-assisted magnetic recording</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20Williams-Comstock%20equation" title=" thermal Williams-Comstock equation"> thermal Williams-Comstock equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microtrack%20model" title=" microtrack model"> microtrack model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equalizer" title=" equalizer"> equalizer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8088/target-and-equalizer-design-for-perpendicular-heat-assisted-magnetic-recording" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> Simulations of a Jet Impinging on a Flat Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reda%20Mankbadi">Reda Mankbadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we explore the use of a second-order unstructured-grid, finite-volume code for direct noise prediction. We consider a Mach 1.5 jet impinging on a perpendicular flat plate. Hybrid LES-RANS simulations are used to calculate directly both the flow field and the radiated sound. The ANSYS Fluent commercial code is utilized for the calculations. The acoustic field is obtained directly from the simulations and is compared with the integral approach of Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FWH). Results indicate the existence of a preferred radiation angle. The spectrum obtained is in good agreement with observations. This points out to the possibility of handling the effects of complicated geometries on noise radiation by using unstructured second-orders codes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ffowcs%20Williams-Hawkings%20%28FWH%29" title=" Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FWH)"> Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FWH)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imping%20jet" title=" imping jet"> imping jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS%20fluent%20commercial%20code" title=" ANSYS fluent commercial code"> ANSYS fluent commercial code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20LES-RANS%20simulations" title=" hybrid LES-RANS simulations"> hybrid LES-RANS simulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28525/simulations-of-a-jet-impinging-on-a-flat-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> The Use of Prestige Language in Tennessee Williams’s "A Streetcar Named Desire"</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stuart%20Noel">Stuart Noel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams presents Blanche DuBois, a most complex and intriguing character who often uses prestige language to project the image of an upper-class speaker and to disguise her darker and complicated self. She embodies various fascinating and contrasting characteristics. Like New Orleans (the locale of the play), Blanche represents two opposing images. One image projects that of genteel, Southern charm and beauty, speaking formally and using prestige language and what some linguists refer to as “hypercorrection,” and the other image reveals that of a soiled, deteriorating façade, full of decadence and illusion. Williams said on more than one occasion that Blanche’s use of such language was a direct reflection of her personality and character (as a high school English teacher). Prestige language is an exaggeratedly elevated, pretentious, and oftentimes melodramatic form of one’s language incorporating superstandard or more standard speech than usual in order to project a highly authoritative individual identity. Speech styles carry personal identification meaning not only because they are closely associated with certain social classes but because they tend to be associated with certain conversational contexts. Features which may be considered to be “elaborated” in form (for example, full forms vs. contractions) tend to cluster together in speech registers/styles which are typically considered to be more formal and/or of higher social prestige, such as academic lectures and news broadcasts. Members of higher social classes have access to the elaborated registers which characterize formal writings and pre-planned speech events, such as lectures, while members of lower classes are relegated to using the more economical registers associated with casual, face-to-face conversational interaction, since they do not participate in as many planned speech events as upper-class speakers. Tennessee Williams’s work is characteristically concerned with the conflict between the illusions of an individual and the reality of his/her situation equated with a conflict between truth and beauty. An examination of Blanche DuBois reveals a recurring theme of art and decay and the use of prestige language to reveal artistry in language and to hide a deteriorating self. His graceful and poetic writing personifies her downfall and deterioration. Her loneliness and disappointment are the things so often strongly feared by the sensitive artists and heroes in the world. Hers is also a special and delicate human spirit that is often misunderstood and repressed by society. Blanche is afflicted with a psychic illness growing out of her inability to face the harshness of human existence. She is a sensitive, artistic, and beauty-haunted creature who is avoiding her own humanity while hiding behind her use of prestige language. And she embodies a partial projection of Williams himself. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=American%20drama" title="American drama">American drama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prestige%20language" title=" prestige language"> prestige language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southern%20American%20literature" title=" Southern American literature"> Southern American literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tennessee%20Williams" title=" Tennessee Williams"> Tennessee Williams</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36344/the-use-of-prestige-language-in-tennessee-williamss-a-streetcar-named-desire" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> Far-Field Noise Prediction of Tandem Cylinders Using Incompressible Large Eddy Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesus%20Ruano">Jesus Ruano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesc%20Xavier%20Trias"> Francesc Xavier Trias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asensi%20Oliva"> Asensi Oliva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A three-dimensional incompressible Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is performed to compute the hydrodynamic field around a pair of tandem cylinders. Symmetry-preserving schemes will be used during this simulation in conjunction with Finite Volume Method (FVM) to obtain the hydrodynamic field around the selected geometry. A set of results consisting of pressure and velocity and the combination of them will be stored at different surfaces near the cylinders as the initial input for the second part of the study. A post-processing of the obtained results based on Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FWH) equation with a Fourier Transform of the acoustic sources will be used to compute noise at several probes located far away from the region where the hydrodynamics are computed. Directivities as well as spectral profile of the obtained acoustic field will be analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=far-field%20noise" title="far-field noise">far-field noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ffowcs-Williams%20and%20Hawkings" title=" Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings"> Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume%20method" title=" finite volume method"> finite volume method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20eddy%20simulation" title=" large eddy simulation"> large eddy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-span%20bodies" title=" long-span bodies"> long-span bodies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58458/far-field-noise-prediction-of-tandem-cylinders-using-incompressible-large-eddy-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Far-Field Acoustic Prediction of a Supersonic Expanding Jet Using Large Eddy Simulation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesus%20Ruano">Jesus Ruano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asensi%20Oliva"> Asensi Oliva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The hydrodynamic field generated by a jet expansion is computed via three dimensional compressible Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Finite Volume Method (FVM) will be the discretization used during this simulation as well as hybrid schemes based on Kinetic Energy Preserving (KEP) schemes and up-winding Godunov based schemes with instabilities detectors. Velocity and pressure fields will be stored at different surfaces near the jet, but far enough to enclose all the fluctuations, in order to use them as input for the acoustic solver. The acoustic field is obtained in the far-field region at several locations by means of a hybrid method based on Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FWH) equation. This equation will be formulated in the spectral domain, via Fourier Transform of the acoustic sources, which are modeled from the results of the initial simulation. The obtained results will allow the study of the broadband noise generated as well as sound directivities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=far-field%20noise" title="far-field noise">far-field noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ffowcs-Williams%20and%20Hawkings" title=" Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings"> Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume%20method" title=" finite volume method"> finite volume method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20eddy%20simulation" title=" large eddy simulation"> large eddy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet%20noise" title=" jet noise"> jet noise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58460/far-field-acoustic-prediction-of-a-supersonic-expanding-jet-using-large-eddy-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Numerical Simulation of Supersonic Gas Jet Flows and Acoustics Fields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Zhang">Lei Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-jun%20Ruan"> Wen-jun Ruan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Wang"> Hao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng-Xin%20Wang"> Peng-Xin Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The source of the jet noise is generated by rocket exhaust plume during rocket engine testing. A domain decomposition approach is applied to the jet noise prediction in this paper. The aerodynamic noise coupling is based on the splitting into acoustic sources generation and sound propagation in separate physical domains. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used to simulate the supersonic jet flow. Based on the simulation results of the flow-fields, the jet noise distribution of the sound pressure level is obtained by applying the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) acoustics equation and Fourier transform. The calculation results show that the complex structures of expansion waves, compression waves and the turbulent boundary layer could occur due to the strong interaction between the gas jet and the ambient air. In addition, the jet core region, the shock cell and the sound pressure level of the gas jet increase with the nozzle size increasing. Importantly, the numerical simulation results of the far-field sound are in good agreement with the experimental measurements in directivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supersonic%20gas%20jet" title="supersonic gas jet">supersonic gas jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Large%20Eddy%20Simulation%28LES%29" title=" Large Eddy Simulation(LES)"> Large Eddy Simulation(LES)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20noise" title=" acoustic noise"> acoustic noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ffowcs%20Williams-Hawkings%28FW-H%29%20equations" title=" Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H) equations"> Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H) equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nozzle%20size" title=" nozzle size"> nozzle size</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44797/numerical-simulation-of-supersonic-gas-jet-flows-and-acoustics-fields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Time/Temperature-Dependent Finite Element Model of Laminated Glass Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alena%20Zemanov%C3%A1">Alena Zemanová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Zeman"> Jan Zeman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20%C5%A0ejnoha"> Michal Šejnoha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The polymer foil used for manufacturing of laminated glass members behaves in a viscoelastic manner with temperature dependence. This contribution aims at incorporating the time/temperature-dependent behavior of interlayer to our earlier elastic finite element model for laminated glass beams. The model is based on a refined beam theory: each layer behaves according to the finite-strain shear deformable formulation by Reissner and the adjacent layers are connected via the Lagrange multipliers ensuring the inter-layer compatibility of a laminated unit. The time/temperature-dependent behavior of the interlayer is accounted for by the generalized Maxwell model and by the time-temperature superposition principle due to the Williams, Landel, and Ferry. The resulting system is solved by the Newton method with consistent linearization and the viscoelastic response is determined incrementally by the exponential algorithm. By comparing the model predictions against available experimental data, we demonstrate that the proposed formulation is reliable and accurately reproduces the behavior of the laminated glass units. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-strain%20Reissner%20model" title=" finite-strain Reissner model"> finite-strain Reissner model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagrange%20multipliers" title=" Lagrange multipliers"> Lagrange multipliers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20Maxwell%20model" title=" generalized Maxwell model"> generalized Maxwell model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminated%20glass" title=" laminated glass"> laminated glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newton%20method" title=" Newton method"> Newton method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Williams-Landel-Ferry%20equation" title=" Williams-Landel-Ferry equation"> Williams-Landel-Ferry equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22985/timetemperature-dependent-finite-element-model-of-laminated-glass-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Variability in Contraception Choices and Abortion Rates among Female Garment Factory Workers in Urban and Rural Cambodia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olalekan%20Olaluwoye">Olalekan Olaluwoye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Williams"> Joanne Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Hoban"> Elizabeth Hoban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Modern contraceptives are effective in preventing unwanted pregnancies and therefore the potential to reduce abortion rates. There is a need for information about how rates of contraceptive use and abortion vary across Cambodia and the relationship between the prevalence of modern contraception use and abortion rates. This study compares the use of contraception and abortion among female garment factory workers in rural and urban areas of Cambodia. Method: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted with 1701 women working in eleven garment factories in rural and urban areas of Cambodia. Sexual and reproductive health data were collected using Audio-Assisted Survey Interviews and analysed using STATA 14 software. Findings: Over 70% of the respondents were less than 30 years of age across both rural and urban settings and over 50% have only primary education, thus the study population was largely young women with limited education. A significantly higher proportion of the rural women earned over $200 in the previous month compared with their urban counterparts. The majority of the urban women (51.5%) were married, while single women (46.9%) made up the largest group working in the rural factories. A significantly larger proportion of women in the rural areas (83.9%) were sexually active compared to the urban women (50.9%). More women from the rural areas (41.4%) had been pregnant at some time compared with the urban population (37.7%). The use of any contraceptive method among sexually active women was significantly higher in the rural areas (80.1%) compared to the urban areas (65.7%) with p-value=0.000. However, among those women who used contraception, the prevalence of modern contraception use was slightly higher in the urban population (68.8% urban, 63.4% rural, p-value=0.1). For women who had a history of pregnancy the abortion prevalence was higher among rural women (43.8%) compared to their urban counterparts (37.7%). Regression analysis showed that after adjustment for the demographic variables (age, relationship status, income, education) only age and relationship status had a significant influence on the use of modern contraception.Single females who were sexually active and older women, who had potentially completed their families, were more likely to choose modern contraception. Conclusion: Although overall the use of contraception was higher among rural women, the use of modern contraception was higher among urban women.This finding may partly explain the higher rates of abortion among women in the rural areas as traditional contraception methods have higher failure rates and are more likely to result in an unplanned pregnancy.Despite the regional variation, the high rates of abortion across the country suggest there is a need for improve education on family planning among female garment factory workers in Cambodia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abortion" title="abortion">abortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cambodia" title=" Cambodia"> Cambodia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contraception" title=" contraception"> contraception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garment%20factory" title=" garment factory"> garment factory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96241/variability-in-contraception-choices-and-abortion-rates-among-female-garment-factory-workers-in-urban-and-rural-cambodia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Aeroacoustics Investigations of Unsteady 3D Airfoil for Different Angle Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haydar%20Kepek%C3%A7i">Haydar Kepekçi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baha%20Zafer"> Baha Zafer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20R%C4%B1za%20G%C3%BCven"> Hasan Rıza Güven</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Noise disturbance is one of the major factors considered in the fast development of aircraft technology. This paper reviews the flow field, which is examined on the 2D NACA0015 and 3D NACA0012 blade profile using SST k-ω turbulence model to compute the unsteady flow field. We inserted the time-dependent flow area variables in Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) equations as an input and Sound Pressure Level (SPL) values will be computed for different angles of attack (AoA) from the microphone which is positioned in the computational domain to investigate effect of augmentation of unsteady 2D and 3D airfoil region noise level. The computed results will be compared with experimental data which are available in the open literature. As results; one of the calculated Cp is slightly lower than the experimental value. This difference could be due to the higher Reynolds number of the experimental data. The ANSYS Fluent software was used in this study. Fluent includes well-validated physical modeling capabilities to deliver fast, accurate results across the widest range of CFD and multiphysics applications. This paper includes a study which is on external flow over an airfoil. The case of 2D NACA0015 has approximately 7 million elements and solves compressible fluid flow with heat transfer using the SST turbulence model. The other case of 3D NACA0012 has approximately 3 million elements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20blade%20profile" title="3D blade profile">3D blade profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20disturbance" title=" noise disturbance"> noise disturbance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeroacoustics" title=" aeroacoustics"> aeroacoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ffowcs-Williams%20and%20Hawkings%20%28FW-H%29%20equations" title=" Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) equations"> Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-%CF%89-SST%20turbulence%20model" title=" k-ω-SST turbulence model"> k-ω-SST turbulence model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92117/aeroacoustics-investigations-of-unsteady-3d-airfoil-for-different-angle-using-computational-fluid-dynamics-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Impact of Transportation on Access to Reproductive and Maternal Health Services in Northeast Cambodia: A Policy Brief</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaman%20Jawahar">Zaman Jawahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Rouve-Khiev"> Anne Rouve-Khiev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Hoban"> Elizabeth Hoban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Williams"> Joanne Williams</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ensuring access to timely obstetric care is essential to prevent maternal deaths. Geographical barriers pose significant challenges for women accessing quality reproductive and maternal health services in rural Cambodia. This policy brief affirms the need to address the issue of transportation and cost (direct and indirect) as critical barriers to accessing reproductive and maternal health (RMH) services in four provinces in Northeast Cambodia (Kratie, Ratanak Kiri, Mondul Kiri, Stung Treng). A systemic search of the literature identified 1,116 articles, and only ten articles from low-and-middle-income countries met the inclusion criteria. The ten articles reported on transportation and cost related to accessing RMH services. In addition, research findings from Partnering to Save Lives (PSL) studies in the four provinces were included in the analysis. Thematic data analysis using the information in the ten articles and PSL research findings was conducted, and the findings are presented in this paper. The key findings are the critical barriers to accessing RMH services in the four provinces because women experience: 1) difficulties finding affordable transportation; 2) lack of available and accessible transportation; 3) greater distance and traveling time to services; 4) poor geographical terrain and; 5) higher opportunity costs. Distance and poverty pose a double burden for the women accessing RMH services making a facility-based delivery less feasible compared to home delivery. Furthermore, indirect and hidden costs associated with institutional delivery may have an impact on women’s decision to seek RMH care. Existing health financing schemes in Cambodia such as the Health Equity Fund (HEF) and the Voucher Scheme contributed to the solution but have also shown some limitations. These schemes contribute to improving access to RMH services for the poorest group, but the barrier of transportation costs remains. In conclusion, initiatives that are proven to be effective in the Cambodian context should continue or be expanded in conjunction with the HEF, and special consideration should be given to communities living in geographically remote regions and difficult to access areas. The following strategies are recommended: 1) maintain and further strengthen transportation support in the HEF scheme; 2) expand community-based initiatives such as Community Managed Health Equity Funds and Village Saving Loans Associations; 3) establish maternity waiting homes; and 4) include antenatal and postnatal care in the provision of integrated outreach services. This policy brief can be used to inform key policymakers and provide evidence that can assist them to develop strategies to increase poor women’s access to RMH services in low-income settings, taking into consideration the geographic distance and other indirect costs associated with a facility-based delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access" title="access">access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers" title=" barriers"> barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northeast%20Cambodia" title=" northeast Cambodia"> northeast Cambodia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20and%20maternal%20health%20service" title=" reproductive and maternal health service"> reproductive and maternal health service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20and%20cost" title=" transportation and cost"> transportation and cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96202/impact-of-transportation-on-access-to-reproductive-and-maternal-health-services-in-northeast-cambodia-a-policy-brief" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> A Survey of Domain Name System Tunneling Attacks: Detection and Prevention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawrence%20Williams">Lawrence Williams</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the mechanism which converts domains to internet protocol (IP) addresses, Domain Name System (DNS) is an essential part of internet usage. It was not designed securely and can be subject to attacks. DNS attacks have become more frequent and sophisticated and the need for detecting and preventing them becomes more important for the modern network. DNS tunnelling attacks are one type of attack that are primarily used for distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and data exfiltration. Discussion of different techniques to detect and prevent DNS tunneling attacks is done. The methods, models, experiments, and data for each technique are discussed. A proposal about feasibility is made. Future research on these topics is proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNS" title="DNS">DNS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunneling" title=" tunneling"> tunneling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exfiltration" title=" exfiltration"> exfiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=botnet" title=" botnet"> botnet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159239/a-survey-of-domain-name-system-tunneling-attacks-detection-and-prevention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Changes to Populations Might Aid the Spread Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Bashawri">Yasir Bashawri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20N.%20Chigor%20James%20McDonald"> Vincent N. Chigor James McDonald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merfyn%20Williams"> Merfyn Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davey%20Jones"> Davey Jones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Prysor%20Williams"> A. Prysor Williams</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Resistance to antibiotics has become a threat to public health. As a result of their misuse and overuse, bacteria have become resistant to many common antibiotics. Βeta lactam (β-lactam) antibiotics are one of the most significant classes of antimicrobials in providing therapeutic benefits for the treatment of bacterial infections in both human and veterinary medicine, for approximately 60% of all antibiotics are used. In particular, some Enterobacteriaceae produce Extend Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBLs) that enable them to some break down multi-groups of antibiotics. CTX-M enzymes have rapidly become the most important ESBLs, with increases in mainly CTX-M 15 in many countries during the last decade. Global travel by intercontinental medical ‘tourists’, migrant employees and overseas students could theoretically be a risk factor for spreading antibiotic resistance genes in different parts of the world. Bangor city, North Wales, is subject to sudden demographic changes due to a large proportion (>25%) of the population being students, most of which arrive over a space of days. This makes it a suitable location to study the impacts of large demographic change on the presence of ESBLs. The aim of this study is to monitor the presence of ESBLs in Escherichia coli and faecal coliform bacteria isolated from Bangor wastewater treatment plant, before, during and after the arrival week of students to Bangor University. Over a five-week period, water samples were collected twice a week, from the influent, primary sedimentation tank, aeration tank and the final effluent. Isolation and counts for Escherichia coli and other faecal coliforms were done on selective agar (primary UTI agar). ESBL presence will be confirmed by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Sampling at all points of the tertiary treatment stages will indicate the effectiveness of wastewater treatment in reducing the spread of ESBLs genes. The study will yield valuable information to help tackle a problem which many regard to be the one of the biggest threats to modern-day society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended%20spectrum%20%CE%B2-lactamase" title="extended spectrum β-lactamase">extended spectrum β-lactamase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterobacteriaceae" title=" enterobacteriaceae"> enterobacteriaceae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20travel" title=" international travel"> international travel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment%20plant" title=" wastewater treatment plant"> wastewater treatment plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42877/changes-to-populations-might-aid-the-spread-antibiotic-resistance-in-the-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Droplet Entrainment and Deposition in Horizontal Stratified Two-Phase Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Kim%20Schimpf">Joshua Kim Schimpf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyun%20Doo%20Kim"> Kyun Doo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaseok%20Heo"> Jaseok Heo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the droplet behavior of under horizontal stratified flow regime for air and water flow in horizontal pipe experiments from a 0.24 m, 0.095 m, and 0.0486 m size diameter pipe are examined. The effects of gravity, pipe diameter, and turbulent diffusion on droplet deposition are considered. Models for droplet entrainment and deposition are proposed that considers developing length. Validation for experimental data dedicated from the REGARD, CEA and Williams, University of Illinois, experiment were performed using SPACE (Safety and Performance Analysis Code for Nuclear Power Plants). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplet" title="droplet">droplet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrainment" title=" entrainment"> entrainment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal" title=" horizontal"> horizontal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66543/droplet-entrainment-and-deposition-in-horizontal-stratified-two-phase-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Nakunan: An Exploratory Study on Filipino Mothers' Experience of Miscarriage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micaella%20L.%20Gonzales">Micaella L. Gonzales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20C.%20Alonzo"> Joanne C. Alonzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nizza%20E.%20Regalado"> Nizza E. Regalado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosary%20L.%20Valenzuela"> Rosary L. Valenzuela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Culture functions as a lens through which individuals experience universal phenomena. This study explored Filipino mothers’ experience of miscarriage, or having been ‘nakunan’ - a colloquial term for fetal death. In addition, this study also aims to establish an understanding of the concept in Filipino society. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 Filipino women who had experienced miscarriage. Following thematic analysis, there emerged several themes within certain aspects (i.e. physical, psychological, inter-relational) of a woman’s life closely intertwined the experience, further reiterating the multidimensionality of the experience. Results show that Filipino values of family-centeredness and religiosity played a big part in women’s experiences. Family-centeredness was seen interwoven in the women’s self-concept and interrelations with others following her miscarriage, and religiosity came into play in the women’s personal definitions, perceived causes, and coping with what had happened to them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bereavement" title="bereavement">bereavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fetal%20death" title=" fetal death"> fetal death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filipino%20mothers" title=" Filipino mothers"> Filipino mothers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miscarriage" title=" miscarriage"> miscarriage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61931/nakunan-an-exploratory-study-on-filipino-mothers-experience-of-miscarriage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Enabling Citizen Participation in Urban Planning through Geospatial Gamification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20F.%20Hayek">Joanne F. Hayek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the use of gamification to promote citizen e-participation in urban planning. The research departs from a case study: the ‘Shape Your City’ web app designed and programmed by the author and presented as part of the 2021 Dubai Design Week to engage citizens in the co-creation of the future of their city through a gamified experience. The paper documents the design and development methodology of the web app and concludes with the findings of its pilot release. The case study explores the use of mobile interactive mapping, real-time data visualization, augmented reality, and machine learning as tools to enable co-planning. The paper also details the user interface design strategies employed to integrate complex cross-sector e-planning systems and make them accessible to citizens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamification" title="gamification">gamification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-planning" title=" co-planning"> co-planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizen%20e-participation" title=" citizen e-participation"> citizen e-participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20interactive%20mapping" title=" mobile interactive mapping"> mobile interactive mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20data%20visualization" title=" real-time data visualization"> real-time data visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151661/enabling-citizen-participation-in-urban-planning-through-geospatial-gamification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Factors Associated with Risky Sexual Behaviour in Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cambodia: A Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farwa%20Rizvi">Farwa Rizvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Williams"> Joanne Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humaira%20Maheen"> Humaira Maheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Hoban"> Elizabeth Hoban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is an increase in risky sexual behavior and unsafe sex in adolescent girls and young women aged 15 to 24 years in Cambodia, which negatively affects their reproductive health by increasing the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies. Risky sexual behavior includes ‘having sex at an early age, having multiple sexual partners, having sex while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and unprotected sexual behaviors’. A systematic review of quantitative research conducted in Cambodia was undertaken, using the theoretical framework of the Social Ecological Model to identify the personal, social and cultural factors associated with risky sexual behavior and unsafe sex in young Cambodian women. PRISMA guidelines were used to search databases including Medline Complete, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, Academic Search Complete, Global Health, and Social Work Abstracts. Additional searches were conducted in Science Direct, Google Scholar and in the grey literature sources. A risk-of-bias tool developed explicitly for the systematic review of cross-sectional studies was used. Summary item on the overall risk of study bias after the inter-rater response showed that the risk-of-bias was high in two studies, moderate in one study and low in one study. The search strategy included a combination of subject terms and free text terms. The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms included were; contracept* or ‘birth control’ or ‘family planning’ or pregnan* or ‘safe sex’ or ‘protected intercourse’ or ‘unprotected intercourse’ or ‘protected sex’ or ‘unprotected sex’ or ‘risky sexual behaviour*’ or ‘abort*’ or ‘planned parenthood’ or ‘unplanned pregnancy’ AND ( barrier* or obstacle* or challenge* or knowledge or attitude* or factor* or determinant* or choic* or uptake or discontinu* or acceptance or satisfaction or ‘needs assessment’ or ‘non-use’ or ‘unmet need’ or ‘decision making’ ) AND Cambodia*. Initially, 300 studies were identified by using key words and finally, four quantitative studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The four studies were published between 2010 and 2016. The study participants ranged in age from 10-24 years, single or married, with 3 to 10 completed years of education. The mean age at sexual debut was reported to be 18 years. Using the perspective of the Social Ecological Model, risky sexual behavior was associated with individual-level factors including young age at sexual debut, low education, unsafe sex under the influence of alcohol and substance abuse, multiple sexual partners or transactional sex. Family level factors included living away from parents, orphan status and low levels of family support. Peer and partner level factors included peer delinquency and lack of condom use. Low socioeconomic status at the society level was also associated with risky sexual behaviour. There is scant research on sexual and reproductive health of adolescent girls and young women in Cambodia. Individual, family and social factors were significantly associated with risky sexual behaviour. More research is required to inform potential preventive strategies and policies that address young women’s sexual and reproductive health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-risk%20sex" title=" high-risk sex"> high-risk sex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20activity" title=" sexual activity"> sexual activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unplanned%20pregnancies" title=" unplanned pregnancies"> unplanned pregnancies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96195/factors-associated-with-risky-sexual-behaviour-in-adolescent-girls-and-young-women-in-cambodia-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Most Important Educational Planning Issues in the Developing Countries </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naeem%20Khan">Naeem Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1971 Williams in his essay titled "What Educational Planning is About in Higher Education" defined educational planning as "planning in education, as in anything else consist essentially of deciding, in advance, what you want, to do and how you are going to do in". In the “World Year book of Education”. While Anderson and Bowman in 1976 in their joint article titled "Theoretical Considerations in Educational Planning" defined it as "the process of preparing a set of decisions for future action pertaining in education". There are so many other definitions which are related to educational planning in which every one stress on the importance of educational planning. But developing countries face a lot of problems related to the educational planning and this paper is to discuss few of them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20planning" title="educational planning">educational planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problems" title=" problems"> problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title=" developing countries"> developing countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20system" title=" education system"> education system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=" "> </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22287/most-important-educational-planning-issues-in-the-developing-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> The Biomechanical Consequences of Pes Planus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariette%20Swanepoel">Mariette Swanepoel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terry%20Ellapen"> Terry Ellapen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henriette%20Hammil"> Henriette Hammil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juandre%20Williams"> Juandre Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Qumbu"> Timothy Qumbu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The biomechanical consequence of pes planus is a topic seldom reviewed in regards to energy expenditure and predisposition to injury. However its comprehension in the field of foot rehabilitation, pre-and post-surgery is fundamental to successful patient management. This short communication unites the present literature to provide the reader with better insight on the consequence of pes planus, foot mechanics and its predisposition to injury at the foot and tibiofemoral joint. Further, the consideration of synergistic dominance of the foot invertors to compensate for the ineffective torque production of the fibularis longus due pes planus is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pes%20planus" title="pes planus">pes planus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibularis%20longus" title=" fibularis longus"> fibularis longus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergistic%20dominance" title=" synergistic dominance"> synergistic dominance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury" title=" injury"> injury</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55070/the-biomechanical-consequences-of-pes-planus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Identifying the Mindset of Deaf Benildean Students in Learning Anatomy and Physiology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Rieta%20Miranda">Joanne Rieta Miranda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Learning anatomy and physiology among Deaf Non-Science major students is a challenge. They have this mindset that Anatomy and Physiology are difficult and very technical. In this study, nine (9) deaf students who are business majors were considered. Non-conventional teaching strategies and classroom activities were employed such as cooperative learning, virtual lab, Facebook live, big sky, blood typing, mind mapping, reflections, etc. Of all the activities; the deaf students ranked cooperative learning as the best learning activity. This is where they played doctors. They measured the pulse rate, heart rate and blood pressure of their partner classmate. In terms of mindset, 2 out of 9 students have a growth mindset with some fixed ideas while 7 have a fixed mindset with some growth ideas. All the students passed the course. Three out of nine students got a grade of 90% and above. The teacher was evaluated by the deaf students as very satisfactory with a mean score of 3.54. This means that the learner-centered practices in the classroom are manifested to a great extent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deaf%20students" title="deaf students">deaf students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20anatomy%20and%20physiology" title=" learning anatomy and physiology"> learning anatomy and physiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20strategies" title=" teaching strategies"> teaching strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learner-entered%20practices" title=" learner-entered practices"> learner-entered practices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76423/identifying-the-mindset-of-deaf-benildean-students-in-learning-anatomy-and-physiology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Influence of Bra Band Tension and Underwire Angles on Breast Motion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheuk%20Wing%20Lee">Cheuk Wing Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kit%20Lun%20Yick"> Kit Lun Yick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Pui%20Ng"> Sun Pui Ng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Yip"> Joanne Yip</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Daily activities and exercise may result in large displacements of the breasts, which lead to breast pain and discomfort. Therefore, a proper bra design and fit can help to control excessive breast motion to prevent the over-stretching of the connective tissues. Nevertheless, bra fit problems, such as excessively high tension of the shoulder straps and a tight underband could have substantially negative effects on the wear comfort and health of the wearer. The purpose of this study is to, therefore, examine the effects of bra band tension on breast displacement. Usually, human wear trials are carried out, but there are inconsistencies during testing. Therefore, a soft manikin torso is used to examine breast displacement at walking speeds of 2.30 km/h and 4.08 km/h. The breast displacement itself is determined by using a VICON motion capture system. The 3D geometric changes of the underwire bra band tension and the corresponding control of breast movement are also analyzed by using a 3D handheld scanner along with Rapidform software. The results indicate that an appropriate bra band tension can help to reduce breast displacement and provide a comfortable angle for the underwire. The findings can be used by designers and bra engineers as a reference source to advance bra design and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bra%20band" title="bra band">bra band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bra%20features" title=" bra features"> bra features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20displacement" title=" breast displacement"> breast displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwire%20angle" title=" underwire angle"> underwire angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93789/influence-of-bra-band-tension-and-underwire-angles-on-breast-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Labor Legislation and Female Economic Empowerment: Evidence from Night Work, Regulatory and Seating Laws</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamis%20Kattan">Lamis Kattan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Haddad"> Joanne Haddad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the impact of gender focused labor legislation on women's labor force participation and economic empowerment. We rely on historical legislative acts passed by state legislatures and exploit whether or not states passed regulatory laws regulating overall and industry specific employment and work conditions for women, night work laws and labor laws requiring provision of seats for working women. We exploit the fact that not all states enacted these laws as well as the variation in the timing of enactment of such laws. Our results show that women in comparison to men in treated states are more likely to be in the labor force post introduction of night work laws in comparison to control states. We also document the effect of industry-specific labor policies on women's likelihood to be employed in the affected industry and in higher-wage occupations within the industry of interest. Policy implications of our findings endorse the adoption of labor laws in favor of women to advocate their empowerment through a higher involvement in the labor market and financial independence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20employment" title="female employment">female employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20laws" title=" labor laws"> labor laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marriage" title=" marriage"> marriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title=" fertility"> fertility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157953/labor-legislation-and-female-economic-empowerment-evidence-from-night-work-regulatory-and-seating-laws" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Pulmonary Valve Papillary Fibroelastoma: A Case Report of a Fibroelastoma Presenting as a Pulmonary Embolism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frazer%20Kirk">Frazer Kirk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Yong"> Matthew Yong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Williams"> Peter Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrie%20Strobel"> Andrie Strobel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pulmonary valve papillary fibroelastoma is an exceedingly rare pathology. The experience and literature regarding them are largely anecdotal and based on sporadic, single case reports. Throughout their known history, two features remain salient that they are classically asymptomatic and found incidentally. The demographic profile of those affected is unclear, as reports regarding those affected are mixed, and there is no clear gender or age predominance, although there is some suggestion of a predisposition to affect females. Nor has there been a well-structured epidemiological study of the entity. Interestingly they are becoming more common on peri-mortum examination. Here-after we describe our experience with a symptomatic presentation of pulmonary papillary fibroelastoma masquerading as a pulmonary embolism and its subsequent assessment and management, with intraoperative photography and echocardiography for reference. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20tumor" title="cardiac tumor">cardiac tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20valve" title=" pulmonary valve"> pulmonary valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibroelastoma" title=" fibroelastoma"> fibroelastoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20surgery" title=" cardiac surgery"> cardiac surgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142247/pulmonary-valve-papillary-fibroelastoma-a-case-report-of-a-fibroelastoma-presenting-as-a-pulmonary-embolism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Quantifying Spatiotemporal Patterns of Past and Future Urbanization Trends in El Paso, Texas and Their Impact on Electricity Consumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Moyer">Joanne Moyer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> El Paso, Texas is a southwest border city that has experienced continuous growth within the last 15-years. Understanding the urban growth trends and patterns using data from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and landscape metrics, provides a quantitative description of growth. Past urban growth provided a basis to predict 2031 future land-use for El Paso using the CA-Markov model. As a consequence of growth, an increase in demand of resources follows. Using panel data analysis, an understanding of the relation between landscape metrics and electricity consumption is further analyzed. The studies’ findings indicate that past growth focused within three districts within the City of El Paso. The landscape metrics suggest as the city has grown, fragmentation has decreased. Alternatively, the landscape metrics for the projected 2031 land-use indicates possible fragmentation within one of these districts. Panel data suggests electricity consumption and mean patch area landscape metric are positively correlated. The study provides local decision makers to make informed decisions for policies and urban planning to ensure a future sustainable community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20metrics" title="landscape metrics">landscape metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CA-Markov" title=" CA-Markov"> CA-Markov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Paso" title=" El Paso"> El Paso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Texas" title=" Texas"> Texas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panel%20data" title=" panel data"> panel data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128976/quantifying-spatiotemporal-patterns-of-past-and-future-urbanization-trends-in-el-paso-texas-and-their-impact-on-electricity-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Fertilizer Procurement and Distribution in Nigeria: Assessing Policy against Implementation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacob%20Msughter%20Gwa">Jacob Msughter Gwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhys%20Williams"> Rhys Williams</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is widely known that food security is a major concern in Sub-Saharan Africa. In many regions, including Nigeria, this is due to an agriculture-old problem of soil erosion beyond replacement levels. It seems that the use of fertilizer would be an immediate solution as it can boost agricultural productivity, and low agricultural productivity is attributed to the low use of fertilizers in Nigeria. The Government of Nigeria has been addressing the challenges of food shortage but with limited success. The utilisation of a practical and efficient subsidy programme in addressing this issue seems to be needed. However, the problem of procurement and distribution changes from one stage of subsidy to another. This paper looks at the difference between the ideal and the actual implementation of agricultural fertilizer policies in Nigeria, as it currently runs the risk of meeting required standards on paper but missing the desired real outcomes, and recognises the need to close the gap between the paper work and the realities on the ground. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20productivity" title="agricultural productivity">agricultural productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizer%20distribution" title=" fertilizer distribution"> fertilizer distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertilizer%20procurement" title=" fertilizer procurement"> fertilizer procurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59546/fertilizer-procurement-and-distribution-in-nigeria-assessing-policy-against-implementation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Initial Settlers and Gender Norms: Evidence From the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Haddad">Joanne Haddad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The distinctive traits of early settlers at initial stages of institutional development may be crucial for cultural formation. In 1973, the cultural geographer Wilbur Zelinsky postulated this in his doctrine of “first effective settlement”. There is however little empirical evidence supporting the role of early settlers in shaping culture over the long run. This paper tests this hypothesis by relating early settlers’ culture to within state variation in gender norms in the United States. Settlers’ culture is captured using past female labor force participation, women’s suffrage, and financial rights at their place of origin. The paper documents the distinctive characteristics of settlers’ populations and provide suggestive evidence in support of the transmission of gender norms across space and time. Results from this analysis show that women’s labor supply is higher, in both the short and long run, in U.S. counties that historically hosted a larger settler population originating from places with favorable gender attitudes. Findings from this study shed new light on the importance of the characteristics of immigrants and their place of origin for cultural formation in hosting societies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20labor%20force%20participation" title="female labor force participation">female labor force participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlers" title=" settlers"> settlers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20norms" title=" gender norms"> gender norms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20formation." title=" cultural formation."> cultural formation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156980/initial-settlers-and-gender-norms-evidence-from-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Educators in South Africa: Self-Efficacy and Anxiety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostert%20Jacques">Mostert Jacques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulseven%20Osman"> Gulseven Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Williams%20Courtney"> Williams Courtney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Covid-19 pandemic caused unparalleled disruption in the lives of the majority of the world. This included school closures and introduction of Online Learning. In this article we investigated the impact of distance learning on the self-efficacy and anxiety levels experienced by educators in South Africa. We surveyed 60 respondents from Independent Schools using a Likert Scale rating of 0 to 4. The results suggested that despite experiencing moderate anxiety, educators showed a sense of high self-efficacy during distance learning. This was specifically true for those with underlying health concerns. There was no significant difference between how the different genders experienced anxiety and self-efficacy. Further research into the impact on learners’ anxiety levels during distance learning will provide policymakers and educators with a better understanding of how the use of technology is influencing the effectiveness of teaching, learning, and assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-efficacy" title=" self-efficacy"> self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141300/the-impact-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-educators-in-south-africa-self-efficacy-and-anxiety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> The Heart of Sanctuary Movement and the Ethics of Solidarity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irene%20Ludji">Irene Ludji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article discusses the relevance of the sanctuary movement in relation to the idea of solidarity understood through the lens of ethics. There are three parts of this article. First is the investigation on the background of sanctuary movements in the U.S., the UK, and Canada. The repeated theme behind sanctuary movements includes practicing religious traditions, protecting vulnerable life, and challenging the unjust law. Second is the examination of the ethics of solidarity using Thomas D. Williams, who claims it as the extension of responsible love based on respect towards human dignity, and Rebecca Todd Peters, who claims the ethics of solidarity as the transformative ethic rooted in social justice. Third is the analysis of the connection between the central theme of sanctuary movements and the ethics of solidarity. This article concludes that sanctuary movement is indeed a solidarity movement that remains relevant in our world today because the acknowledgment of human dignity, as the basis for solidarity, is vital in transforming an unjust social system that creates the need for a sanctuary in the first place. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanctuary%20movement" title="sanctuary movement">sanctuary movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solidarity" title=" solidarity"> solidarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.S." title=" U.S."> U.S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UK" title=" UK"> UK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canada" title=" canada"> canada</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176807/the-heart-of-sanctuary-movement-and-the-ethics-of-solidarity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Functional Cell Surface Display Using Ice Nucleation Protein from Erwina ananas on Escherischia coli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei%20Yuin%20Joanne%20Wee">Mei Yuin Joanne Wee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosli%20Md.%20Illias"> Rosli Md. Illias </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cell surface display is the expression of a protein with an anchoring motif on the surface of the cell. This approach offers advantages when used in bioconversion in terms of easier purification steps and more efficient enzymatic reaction. A surface display system using ice nucleation protein (InaA) from Erwina ananas as an anchoring motif has been constructed to display xylanase (xyl) on the surface of Escherischia coli. The InaA was truncated so that it is made up of the N- and C-terminal domain (INPANC-xyl) and it has successfully directed xylanase to the surface of the cell. A study was also done on xylanase fused to two other ice nucleation proteins, InaK (INPKNC-xyl) and InaZ (INPZNC-xyl) from Pseudomonas syringae KCTC 1832 and Pseudomonas syringae S203 respectively. Surface localization of the fusion protein was verified using SDS-PAGE and Western blot on the cell fractions and all anchoring motifs were successfully displayed on the outer membrane of E. coli. Upon comparison, whole-cell activity of INPANC-xyl was more than six and five times higher than INPKNC-xyl and INPZNC-xyl respectively. Furthermore, the expression of INPANC-xyl on the surface of E. coli did not inhibit the growth of the cell. This is the first report of surface display system using ice nucleation protein, InaA from E. ananas. From this study, this anchoring motif offers an attractive alternative to the current surface display systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20surface%20display" title="cell surface display">cell surface display</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Escherischia%20coli" title=" Escherischia coli"> Escherischia coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ice%20nucleation%20protein" title=" ice nucleation protein"> ice nucleation protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xylanase" title=" xylanase"> xylanase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39347/functional-cell-surface-display-using-ice-nucleation-protein-from-erwina-ananas-on-escherischia-coli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> A Critical Discourse Analysis: Embedded Inequalities in the UK Disability Social Security System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cara%20Williams">Cara Williams</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 2006, the UK Labour government published a Green Paper introducing Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) as a replacement for Incapacity Benefit (IB), as well as a new Work Capability Assessment (WCA); signalling a controversial political and economic shift in disability welfare policy. In 2016, the Conservative government published Improving Lives: The Work, Health, and Disability Green Paper, as part of their social reform agenda, evidently to address the ‘injustice’ of the ‘disability employment gap’. This paper contextualises ESA in the wider ideology and rhetoric of ‘welfare to work’, ‘dependency’ and ‘responsibility’. Using the British ‘social model of disability’ as a theoretical framework, the study engages in a critical discourse analysis of these two Green Papers. By uncovering the medicalised conceptions embedded in the texts, the analysis has revealed ESA is linked with late capitalisms concern with the ‘disability category’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability" title="disability">disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment" title=" employment"> employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20security" title=" social security"> social security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare" title=" welfare"> welfare</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97659/a-critical-discourse-analysis-embedded-inequalities-in-the-uk-disability-social-security-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info 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