CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head>  <script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var name="nostojs";window[name]=window[name]||function(cb){(window[name].q=window[name].q||[]).push(cb);};})(); </script> <script src="https://connect.nosto.com/include/chvdehrb" async></script>  <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <script> var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?o():!gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",o):document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",o)},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("action",o,n,r,t)},addFilter:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("filter",o,n,r,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook("action",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook("filter",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,n){gform.removeHook("action",o,n)},removeFilter:function(o,n,r){gform.removeHook("filter",o,n,r)},addHook:function(o,n,r,t,i){null==gform.hooks[o][n]&&(gform.hooks[o][n]=[]);var e=gform.hooks[o][n];null==i&&(i=n+"_"+e.length),gform.hooks[o][n].push({tag:i,callable:r,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(n,o,r){var t;if(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(r,1),null!=gform.hooks[n][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[n][o]).sort(function(o,n){return o.priority-n.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){"function"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),"action"==n?t.apply(null,r):r[0]=t.apply(null,r)})),"filter"==n)return r[0]},removeHook:function(o,n,t,i){var r;null!=gform.hooks[o][n]&&(r=(r=gform.hooks[o][n]).filter(function(o,n,r){return!!(null!=i&&i!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][n]=r)}}); </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/css/v3/p/olytics.css" /> <script> window.olytics||(window.olytics=[]),window.olytics.methods=["fire","confirm"],window.olytics.factory=function(i){return function(){var t=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);return t.unshift(i),window.olytics.push(t),window.olytics}};for(var i=0;i<window.olytics.methods.length;i++){var method=window.olytics.methods[i];window.olytics[method]=window.olytics.factory(method)}olytics.load=function(i){if(!document.getElementById("olyticsImport")){window.a=window.olytics;var t=document.createElement("script");t.async=!0,t.id="olyticsImport",t.type="text/javascript";var o="";void 0!==i&&void 0!==i.oid&&(o=i.oid),t.setAttribute("data-oid",o),t.src="https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/js/v3/p/olytics.min.js",t.addEventListener("load",function(t){for(olytics.initialize({Olytics:i});window.a.length>0;){var o=window.a.shift(),s=o.shift();olytics[s]&&olytics[s].apply(olytics,o)}},!1);var s=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}},olytics.load({oid:"d90fed0edabe41cd879c6deeca43a36f"}); </script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/01/cropped-Logo-white@2x.png" as="image"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/fonts/rubik-light.65dbd68a.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/fonts/rubik-regular.18856bd2.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/fonts/rubik-semibold.c5dee968.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/fonts/rubik-medium.ffa06caa.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/fonts/rubik-bold.2a7d0e11.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ads.blogherads.com">  <title>Astronomy Magazine: Space News, Observing, Planets, Galaxies</title> <meta name="description" content="Astronomy.com is for anyone who wants to learn more about astronomy and space, including planets, galaxies, asteroids, and NASA." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.astronomy.com/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The world's best website for the the world鈥檚 best-selling astronomy magazine." /> <meta property="og:description" content="Astronomy.com is for anyone who wants to learn more about astronomy events, cosmology, planets, galaxies, asteroids, astrophotography, the Big Bang, black holes, comets, constellations, eclipses, exoplanets, nebulae, meteors, quasars, observing, telescopes, NASA, Hubble, space missions, stargazing, and more." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.astronomy.com/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Astronomy Magazine" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMagazine/" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-29T20:11:51+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/09/Astronomy-Home-Page-Image.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The world's best website for the the world鈥檚 best-selling astronomy magazine." /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Astronomy.com is for anyone who wants to learn more about astronomy events, cosmology, planets, galaxies, asteroids, astrophotography, the Big Bang, black holes, comets, constellations, eclipses, exoplanets, nebulae, meteors, quasars, observing, telescopes, NASA, Hubble, space missions, stargazing, and more." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AstronomyMag" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/","url":"https://www.astronomy.com/","name":"Astronomy Magazine: Space News, Observing, Planets, Galaxies","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#website"},"about":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#organization"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/09/Astronomy-Home-Page-Image.png","datePublished":"2021-08-05T12:32:18+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-29T20:11:51+00:00","description":"Astronomy.com is for anyone who wants to learn more about astronomy and space, including planets, galaxies, asteroids, and NASA.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.astronomy.com/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/09/Astronomy-Home-Page-Image.png","contentUrl":"https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/09/Astronomy-Home-Page-Image.png","width":1200,"height":630,"caption":"Apollo 11 Earth rise over the Moon. Earth on the horizon in the Mare Smythii Region of the Moon. Image 2 of a NASA sequence of 18. July 20, 1969."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#website","url":"https://www.astronomy.com/","name":"Astronomy Magazine","description":"Astronomy news, photos, observing events, and space missions.","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#organization"},"alternateName":"Astronomy.com","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.astronomy.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#organization","name":"Astronomy magazine","alternateName":"Astronomy","url":"https://www.astronomy.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.astronomy.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/05/Astronomy-logo-square.jpeg?fit=225%2C224","contentUrl":"https://www.astronomy.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/05/Astronomy-logo-square.jpeg?fit=225%2C224","width":225,"height":224,"caption":"Astronomy magazine"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.astronomy.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMagazine/","https://twitter.com/AstronomyMag","https://www.linkedin.com/company/astronomy-magazine","https://www.youtube.com/user/astronomymagazine","https://www.instagram.com/astronomy.magazine/"]}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.astronomy.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Astronomy Magazine » Feed" href="https://www.astronomy.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Astronomy Magazine » Comments Feed" href="https://www.astronomy.com/comments/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/wp\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.5.4"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.5.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='kb-pic-of-the-day-block-css-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/astronomy-core/dist/blocks/pic-of-the-day/styles.css?ver=76de2ad23e6705f17dcdbe997ba98039' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='kb-post-content-selector-block-css-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/astronomy-core/dist/blocks/post-content-selector/styles.css?ver=cc14531cd3d27fb7a0d5c45a67189f41' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--grey: #f2f2f2;--wp--preset--color--blue: #00578a;--wp--preset--color--dark-blue: #002b45;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 1rem;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 1.375rem;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 1.75rem;--wp--preset--font-size--xx-small: 0.75rem;--wp--preset--font-size--x-small: 0.875rem;--wp--preset--font-size--base: 1.125rem;--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large: 2rem;--wp--preset--font-size--xxx-large: 2.5rem;--wp--preset--font-size--xxxx-large: 3.75rem;--wp--preset--spacing--10: clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 2rem);--wp--preset--spacing--20: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 3rem);--wp--preset--spacing--30: clamp(2.5rem, 7vw, 4.5rem);--wp--preset--spacing--40: clamp(3.5rem, 9vw, 6rem);--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}body { margin: 0;--wp--style--global--content-size: 1200px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1400px; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: underline;}.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link{background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-grey-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey) !important;}.has-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue) !important;}.has-dark-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-blue) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-grey-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey) !important;}.has-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue) !important;}.has-dark-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-blue) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-grey-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--grey) !important;}.has-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--blue) !important;}.has-dark-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--dark-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-xx-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-small) !important;}.has-x-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-small) !important;}.has-base-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--base) !important;}.has-xx-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xx-large) !important;}.has-xxx-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xxx-large) !important;}.has-xxxx-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--xxxx-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='glide-core-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/astronomy-core/dist/lib/css/glide.core.min.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='seedlet-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Fira+Sans%3Aital%2Cwght%400%2C400%3B0%2C500%3B1%2C400%7CPlayfair+Display%3Aital%2Cwght%400%2C400%3B0%2C700%3B1%2C400&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='seedlet-style-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/seedlet/style.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='seedlet-style-navigation-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/seedlet/assets/css/style-navigation.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astronomy-styles-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/style-frontend.css?ver=1.0.4' media='all' /> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js?ver=1.0.0" id="gpt-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>  <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer',"GTM-WHWV7HZ");</script>   <script type="text/javascript"> (function (i, s, o, g, r, a, m) { i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r; i[r] = i[r] || function () { (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments) }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date(); a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0]; a.async = 1; a.src = g; m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m) })(window, document, 'script', '//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga'); ga('create', "UA-130806-5", 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview', { 'dimension1': 'Anonymous', 'metric1': 0 }); </script>   <script type="text/javascript"> var blogherads = blogherads || {}; blogherads.adq = blogherads.adq || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" data-cfasync="false" src="https://ads.blogherads.com/static/blogherads.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" data-cfasync="false" src="https://ads.blogherads.com/sk/12/124/1242172/31478/header.js"></script>  <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.astronomy.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://www.astronomy.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/47961" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.5.4" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.astronomy.com/' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.astronomy.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomy.com%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.astronomy.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomy.com%2F&format=xml" /> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({'author': 'no author'}); window.dataLayer.push({'categories': ''}); window.dataLayer.push({'tags': ''}); console.log(window.dataLayer); </script><style>.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/cropped-favicon-32x32.jpg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/cropped-favicon-192x192.jpg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/cropped-favicon-180x180.jpg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/cropped-favicon-270x270.jpg" /> </head> <body class="home page-template-default page page-id-47961 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive kserv-logged-out singular has-main-navigation"> <script> //astronomy.com Page Visit olytics.fire({ behaviorId : '2672C9123356A8B', category : '', type : 'front', title : "The world's best website for the the world\u2019s best-selling astronomy magazine.", description : "Astronomy.com is for anyone who wants to learn more about astronomy events, cosmology, planets, galaxies, asteroids, astrophotography, the Big Bang, black holes, comets, constellations, eclipses, exoplanets, nebulae, meteors, quasars, observing, telescopes, NASA, Hubble, space missions, stargazing, and more.", url : 'https://www.astronomy.com/', sitename : 'ASY', slug : 'homepage', modifiedtime : '2024-11-29 14:11:51', publishedtime : '2021-08-05 12:32:18', tag : '', subcategory : '', ages : '', brands : '', productprice : '', presale : '' }); </script>   <div class="nosto_customer" style="display:none"> <span class="email"></span> <span class="first_name"></span> <span class="last_name"></span> <span class="customer_reference"></span> <span class="marketing_permission">false</span> </div> <div class="nosto_page_type" style="display:none">front</div>  <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header class="site-header" role="banner"> <div class="site-header-top"> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home" aria-current="page"><img width="236" height="64" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/01/cropped-Logo-white@2x.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Astronomy Magazine logo" decoding="async" /></a> </div> <div class="menu-secondary-header-nav-container"><ul id="menu-secondary-header-nav" class="inline-list"><li id="menu-item-47847" class="kserv-login menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47847"><a href="#">Login/Register</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47884" class="kserv-logout menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47884"><a href="#">Logout</a></li> <li id="menu-item-125577" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-125577"><a href="https://thespacestore.com/">Shop</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47848" class="menu-item-button-outline menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47848"><a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ASY_NEW_GLOBE&pk=ACF46A1">Subscribe</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="mobile-navigation-triggers"> <button class="search-bar-trigger js-search-bar-trigger-secondary button button-icon" title="Search" aria-controls="search" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="closed" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M9.053 0c5 0 9.053 4.053 9.053 9.053 0 2.082-.71 3.994-1.891 5.523l3.447 3.447c.45.451.45 1.188 0 1.639-.451.45-1.188.45-1.639 0l-3.447-3.447a9.003 9.003 0 01-5.523 1.891c-5 0-9.053-4.053-9.053-9.053C0 4.053 4.053 0 9.053 0zm0 2.108a6.945 6.945 0 00-6.945 6.945 6.945 6.945 0 006.945 6.945 6.945 6.945 0 006.945-6.945 6.945 6.945 0 00-6.945-6.945z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <svg class="opened" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="48" height="48" fill="white" fill-opacity="0.01"/><path d="M8 8L40 40" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M8 40L40 8" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> </button> <button id="primary-open-menu" class="nav-trigger button button-icon" title="Open menu" aria-controls="primary-menu-list" aria-expanded="false"> <svg width="30" height="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M30 12v2H6v-2h24zm0-6v2H0V6h30zm0-6v2H6V0h24z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </button> <button id="primary-close-menu" class="nav-trigger button button-icon" title="Close menu" aria-controls="primary-menu-list" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="opened" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="48" height="48" fill="white" fill-opacity="0.01"/><path d="M8 8L40 40" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M8 40L40 8" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> </button> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="site-header-primary"> <div class="menu-primary-navigation-container"><ul id="menu-primary-navigation" class="inline-list"><li id="menu-item-122372" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122372"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/news/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-61259" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-61259"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Science</a><svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.96954 10.2804L11.9999 15.3107L17.0302 10.2804L15.9695 9.21973L11.9999 13.1894L8.0302 9.21973L6.96954 10.2804Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-122355" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122355"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/">Science</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122351" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122351"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/solar-system/">Solar System</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122352" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122352"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/exoplanets/">Exoplanets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122353" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122353"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/stars/">Stars</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122356" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122356"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/milky-way/">Milky Way</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122354" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122354"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/galaxies/">Galaxies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122358" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122358"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/exotic-objects/">Exotic Objects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122359" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122359"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/cosmology/">Cosmology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-122360" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-122360"><a aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Observing</a><svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.96954 10.2804L11.9999 15.3107L17.0302 10.2804L15.9695 9.21973L11.9999 13.1894L8.0302 9.21973L6.96954 10.2804Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-122376" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122376"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/">Observing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-124916" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-124916"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/in-the-sky/">In The Sky</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122363" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122363"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/upcoming-events/">Upcoming Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122362" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122362"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-sun/">The Sun</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122361" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122361"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-moon/">The Moon</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122364" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122364"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/planets-observing/">Planets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122365" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122365"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/deep-sky-objects/">Deep-Sky Objects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122366" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122366"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/observing-basics/">Observing Basics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122367" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122367"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/telescopes-equipment/">Telescopes and Equipment</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122368" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122368"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/astrophotography/">Astrophotography</a></li> <li id="menu-item-153987" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-153987"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/tags/this-week-in-astronomy/">This Week in Astronomy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-122369" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-122369"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Space Exploration</a><svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.96954 10.2804L11.9999 15.3107L17.0302 10.2804L15.9695 9.21973L11.9999 13.1894L8.0302 9.21973L6.96954 10.2804Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-122375" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122375"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/">Space Exploration</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122370" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122370"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/human-spaceflight/">Human Spaceflight</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122371" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122371"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/robotic-spaceflight/">Robotic Spaceflight</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-122373" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122373"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/magazine/">The Magazine</a></li> <li id="menu-item-122378" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122378"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/ask-astro/">Ask Astro</a></li> <li id="menu-item-154632" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-154632"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/newsletters/universe-discovered/">Universe, Discovered</a></li> </ul></div> <div id="mobile-drawer" class="site-header-menus"> <div class="menu-primary-header-nav-mobile-container"><ul id="menu-primary-header-nav-mobile" class="inline-list"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122372"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/news/">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-61259"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Science</a><svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.96954 10.2804L11.9999 15.3107L17.0302 10.2804L15.9695 9.21973L11.9999 13.1894L8.0302 9.21973L6.96954 10.2804Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122355"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/">Science</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122351"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/solar-system/">Solar System</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122352"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/exoplanets/">Exoplanets</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122353"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/stars/">Stars</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122356"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/milky-way/">Milky Way</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122354"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/galaxies/">Galaxies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122358"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/exotic-objects/">Exotic Objects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122359"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/cosmology/">Cosmology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-122360"><a aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Observing</a><svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.96954 10.2804L11.9999 15.3107L17.0302 10.2804L15.9695 9.21973L11.9999 13.1894L8.0302 9.21973L6.96954 10.2804Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122376"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/">Observing</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-124916"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/in-the-sky/">In The Sky</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122363"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/upcoming-events/">Upcoming Events</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122362"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-sun/">The Sun</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122361"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-moon/">The Moon</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122364"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/planets-observing/">Planets</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122365"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/deep-sky-objects/">Deep-Sky Objects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122366"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/observing-basics/">Observing Basics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122367"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/telescopes-equipment/">Telescopes and Equipment</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122368"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/astrophotography/">Astrophotography</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-153987"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/tags/this-week-in-astronomy/">This Week in Astronomy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-122369"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Space Exploration</a><svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.96954 10.2804L11.9999 15.3107L17.0302 10.2804L15.9695 9.21973L11.9999 13.1894L8.0302 9.21973L6.96954 10.2804Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122375"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/">Space Exploration</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122370"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/human-spaceflight/">Human Spaceflight</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-122371"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/robotic-spaceflight/">Robotic Spaceflight</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122373"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/magazine/">The Magazine</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122378"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/ask-astro/">Ask Astro</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-154632"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/newsletters/universe-discovered/">Universe, Discovered</a></li> </ul></div><div class="menu-secondary-header-nav-mobile-container"><ul id="menu-secondary-header-nav-mobile" class="menu"><li class="kserv-login menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47847"><a href="#">Login/Register</a></li> <li class="kserv-logout menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47884"><a href="#">Logout</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-125577"><a href="https://thespacestore.com/">Shop</a></li> <li class="menu-item-button-outline menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47848"><a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ASY_NEW_GLOBE&pk=ACF46A1">Subscribe</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <button class="search-bar-trigger js-search-bar-trigger-primary button button-icon" title="Search" aria-controls="search" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="closed" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M9.053 0c5 0 9.053 4.053 9.053 9.053 0 2.082-.71 3.994-1.891 5.523l3.447 3.447c.45.451.45 1.188 0 1.639-.451.45-1.188.45-1.639 0l-3.447-3.447a9.003 9.003 0 01-5.523 1.891c-5 0-9.053-4.053-9.053-9.053C0 4.053 4.053 0 9.053 0zm0 2.108a6.945 6.945 0 00-6.945 6.945 6.945 6.945 0 006.945 6.945 6.945 6.945 0 006.945-6.945 6.945 6.945 0 00-6.945-6.945z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <svg class="opened" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="48" height="48" fill="white" fill-opacity="0.01"/><path d="M8 8L40 40" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M8 40L40 8" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> </button> </div> </header> <div class="search-bar js-search-bar"> <div class="default-max-width"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.astronomy.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <section id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-47961" class="post-47961 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry entry"> <div class="entry-content default-max-width"> <h1 class="wp-block-heading screen-reader-text">Astronomy Magazine – Your source for the latest news on astronomy, observing events, space missions, and more.</h1> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull has-grey-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)"> <div class="wp-block-group block-section-heading is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Top Stories</h2> <p><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/news/">View All News</a></p> </div> <div class="wp-block-kb-post-content-selector"><div class="wp-block-kb-post-content-selector__grid" data-layout="stories" data-count="4"> <article id="post-155659" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-155659 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-planets-observing category-upcoming-events tag-jupiter tag-news tag-observing entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/see-jupiter-at-its-best-2/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See Jupiter at its best"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="620" height="623" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Jupiter-2024-11-05-e1732910654106-768x772.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Jupiter on November 5, 2024" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Jupiter-2024-11-05-e1732910654106-768x772.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Jupiter-2024-11-05-e1732910654106-298x300.jpg 298w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Jupiter-2024-11-05-e1732910654106-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Jupiter-2024-11-05-e1732910654106.jpg 877w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/planets-observing/" rel="tag">Planets</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/upcoming-events/" rel="tag">Upcoming Events</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/see-jupiter-at-its-best-2/" >See Jupiter at its best</a></h3> </div> </article> <article id="post-155584" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-155584 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-science category-space-exploration category-telescopes-equipment tag-news entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/firecrown-opens-revolutionary-space-store-in-chattanooga/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Firecrown opens revolutionary Space Store in Chattanooga"> <img decoding="async" width="620" height="349" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-768x432.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="The Space Store storefront" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-1568x882.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/" rel="tag">Science</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/" rel="tag">Space Exploration</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/telescopes-equipment/" rel="tag">Telescopes and Equipment</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/firecrown-opens-revolutionary-space-store-in-chattanooga/" >Firecrown opens revolutionary Space Store in Chattanooga</a></h3> </div> </article> <article id="post-155406" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-155406 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cosmology category-exotic-objects tag-astrophysics tag-black-holes tag-cosmology tag-exotic-objects tag-news entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/this-black-hole-is-gulping-material-40-times-faster-than-the-theoretical-limit/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="This black hole is gulping material 40 times faster than the theoretical limit"> <img decoding="async" width="620" height="400" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/noirlab2427a-768x496.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/noirlab2427a-768x496.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/noirlab2427a-300x194.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/noirlab2427a-1200x775.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/noirlab2427a-1536x992.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/noirlab2427a-2048x1323.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/noirlab2427a-1568x1013.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/cosmology/" rel="tag">Cosmology</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/exotic-objects/" rel="tag">Exotic Objects</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/this-black-hole-is-gulping-material-40-times-faster-than-the-theoretical-limit/" >This black hole is gulping material 40 times faster than the theoretical limit</a></h3> </div> </article> <article id="post-155416" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-155416 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-science category-space-exploration tag-news tag-the-moon entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/how-the-moon-can-save-earth/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="How the Moon can save Earth"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="620" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-768x768.webp" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Earth and the Moon" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-768x768.webp 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-1200x1200.webp 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-1568x1568.webp 1568w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon.webp 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/" rel="tag">Science</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/" rel="tag">Space Exploration</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/how-the-moon-can-save-earth/" >How the Moon can save Earth</a></h3> </div> </article> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)"> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-group block-section-heading is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Picture of the Day</h2> <p><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/picture-of-the-day/">See all photos</a></p> </div> <div class="wp-block-kb-pic-of-the-day"> <div class="wp-block-kb-pic-of-the-day__img"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/picture-of-the-day/photo/need-a-hand/"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="460" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/LDN1355-1200x891.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" alt="" /> </a> </div> <div class="wp-block-kb-pic-of-the-day__content"> <h3 class="wp-block-kb-pic-of-the-day__heading"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/picture-of-the-day/photo/need-a-hand/">Need a hand?</a> </h3> <p>Behyar Bakhshandeh from Carlsbad, California</p> <p>Resembling an outstretched hand, the Helping Hand in Cassiopeia consists of the dark nebulae LDN 1355/7/8, which overlie a region of reflection nebulosity cataloged as LBN 643. This imager took 9 hours of exposure on a 4.2-inch scope in LRGB filters.</p> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-group block-section-heading is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">In the Sky</h2> <p><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/in-the-sky/">Explore all</a></p> </div> <div class="wp-block-kb-post-content-selector"><div class="wp-block-kb-post-content-selector__grid" data-layout="grid" data-count="1"> <article id="post-155362" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-155362 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-observing tag-observing tag-sky-this-week entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-sky-this-week-from-november-29-to-december-6-2024/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="The Sky This Week from November 29 to December 6: The Moon meets Venus"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="413" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Venus-moon-768x512.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Venus and the Moon" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Venus-moon-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Venus-moon-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Venus-moon.jpg 799w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" rel="tag">Observing</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-sky-this-week-from-november-29-to-december-6-2024/" >The Sky This Week from November 29 to December 6: The Moon meets Venus</a></h3> </div> </article> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)"> <div class="wp-block-columns mobile-first-only is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <div id="homePageBelowMagazine"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)"> <div class="wp-block-group block-section-heading is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Latest News</h2> <p><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/news/">View All News</a></p> </div> <div class="wp-block-kb-post-content-selector"><div class="wp-block-kb-post-content-selector__grid" data-layout="news" data-count="4"> <article id="post-155659" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-155659 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-planets-observing category-upcoming-events tag-jupiter tag-news tag-observing entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/see-jupiter-at-its-best-2/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="See Jupiter at its best"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="620" height="623" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Jupiter-2024-11-05-e1732910654106-768x772.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Jupiter on November 5, 2024" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Jupiter-2024-11-05-e1732910654106-768x772.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Jupiter-2024-11-05-e1732910654106-298x300.jpg 298w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Jupiter-2024-11-05-e1732910654106-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Jupiter-2024-11-05-e1732910654106.jpg 877w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/planets-observing/" rel="tag">Planets</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/upcoming-events/" rel="tag">Upcoming Events</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/see-jupiter-at-its-best-2/" >See Jupiter at its best</a></h3> </div> </article> <article id="post-155584" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-155584 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-science category-space-exploration category-telescopes-equipment tag-news entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/firecrown-opens-revolutionary-space-store-in-chattanooga/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Firecrown opens revolutionary Space Store in Chattanooga"> <img decoding="async" width="620" height="349" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-768x432.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="The Space Store storefront" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/F37_8483-Enhanced-NR-1568x882.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/" rel="tag">Science</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/" rel="tag">Space Exploration</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/telescopes-equipment/" rel="tag">Telescopes and Equipment</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/firecrown-opens-revolutionary-space-store-in-chattanooga/" >Firecrown opens revolutionary Space Store in Chattanooga</a></h3> </div> </article> <article id="post-131492" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-131492 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-observing category-the-moon tag-news tag-observing tag-the-moon entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/full-moon-calendar-dates-times-types/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2024 Full Moon calendar: When to see the Full Moon and phases"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="600" height="400" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/03/BuckMoon2016.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Full Moon in July 2016." srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/03/BuckMoon2016.jpg 600w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/03/BuckMoon2016-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" rel="tag">Observing</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/the-moon/" rel="tag">The Moon</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/full-moon-calendar-dates-times-types/" >2024 Full Moon calendar: When to see the Full Moon and phases</a></h3> </div> </article> <article id="post-155416" class="wp-block-kb-post-card agency-ui-card post-155416 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-science category-space-exploration tag-news tag-the-moon entry"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/how-the-moon-can-save-earth/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="How the Moon can save Earth"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="620" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-768x768.webp" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Earth and the Moon" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-768x768.webp 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-1200x1200.webp 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon-1568x1568.webp 1568w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Earth-Moon.webp 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </a> <div class="card-content"> <div class="card-content-type"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/" rel="tag">Science</a>, <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/" rel="tag">Space Exploration</a></div> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/how-the-moon-can-save-earth/" >How the Moon can save Earth</a></h3> </div> </article> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull block-magazine-subscribe-cta has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="background-color:#303030;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)"> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:35%"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="594" height="774" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/ASY-CV1124.jpg" alt="Astronomy magazine November 2024 issue cover" class="wp-image-154186" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/ASY-CV1124.jpg 594w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/ASY-CV1124-230x300.jpg 230w" sizes="(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px" /></figure> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-white-color has-text-color"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/issues/2024/november-2024/" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.astronomy.com/issues/2024/august-2024/">November 2024</a></h2> <ul class="has-white-color has-text-color"> <li><strong><strong><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/bringing-the-sun-to-light/" data-type="post" data-id="154280"><strong>The science of the Sun</strong></a></strong></strong></li> <li><strong><strong><strong><strong><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/starmus-vii-hit-all-the-right-notes-from-beginning-to-end/">The Starmus Festival 2024: Spotlight on Earth</a></strong></strong></strong></strong></li> <li><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/amateur-rocketry-burns-brighter-than-ever-in-oregons-high-desert/">Slip behind the scenes of amateur rocketry</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/science/how-to-read-rainbows/" data-type="post" data-id="154329">Understanding the physics of rainbows</a></strong></li> </ul> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ASY_NEW_GLOBE&pk=ACF46A2">Subscribe</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="home-product-recommendations" class="wp-block-group nosto_element is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center">Product Recommendations</h2> <div class="wp-block-content-carousel glide "> <div class="wp-block-content-carousel__slides js-glide-carousel" data-carousel_config="content-carousel-block-17695" data-num-to-display="5"> <div class="glide__arrows glide__arrow-left" data-glide-el="controls[nav]"> <button class="glide__arrow" data-glide-dir="<"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Previous</span> </button> </div> <div class="glide__arrows glide__arrow-right" data-glide-el="controls[nav]"> <button class="glide__arrow" data-glide-dir=">"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Next</span> </button> </div> <div class="content-carousel__container glide__track" data-glide-el="track"> <ul class="glide__slides"> <li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/products/deep-space-mysteries-2025-calendar" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="242" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/PRD-68213-CV-ASY-2025-300x242.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/PRD-68213-CV-ASY-2025-300x242.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/PRD-68213-CV-ASY-2025-768x621.webp 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/PRD-68213-CV-ASY-2025.webp 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">New arrivals</p> <h3 class="card-title">Deep Space Mysteries 2025 Calendar</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/2025-observers-handbook" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="192" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/89168-192x300.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/89168-192x300.jpg 192w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/89168.jpg 288w" sizes="(max-width: 192px) 100vw, 192px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Books & DVDs</p> <h3 class="card-title">Observer's Handbook 2025</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/products/6-neptune-globe" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="276" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Neptune_6_globe_black-removebg-preview-300x276.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Neptune_6_globe_black-removebg-preview-300x276.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Neptune_6_globe_black-removebg-preview.webp 444w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Globes & Maps</p> <h3 class="card-title">6-Inch Neptune Globe</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/products/nasa-4-logo-sticker" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="254" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/StickerNASA4-2-300x254.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/StickerNASA4-2-300x254.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/StickerNASA4-2.webp 665w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Gifts & Toys</p> <h3 class="card-title">NASA Logo 4" Sticker</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/atlantis-orbiter-m-1-144-model" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="276" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/p-e4614_1-300x276.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/p-e4614_1-300x276.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/p-e4614_1-768x706.webp 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/p-e4614_1.webp 801w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">STEM Toys</p> <h3 class="card-title">Atlantis Orbiter 1/144 Model</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/6-earth-globe" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Earth_6_globe_2-removebg-preview-300x300.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Earth_6_globe_2-removebg-preview-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Earth_6_globe_2-removebg-preview-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/Earth_6_globe_2-removebg-preview.webp 500w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Globes & Maps</p> <h3 class="card-title">6" Earth Globe</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/products/infrared-jupiter-round-puzzle-1000-pieces" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/89154_500-300x300.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/89154_500-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/89154_500-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/89154_500.webp 500w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Gifts & Toys</p> <h3 class="card-title">Infrared Jupiter Puzzle </h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/expedition-73-no-names" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/expedition73-300x300.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/expedition73-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/expedition73-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/expedition73.webp 750w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Gifts & Toys</p> <h3 class="card-title">Expedition 73 No Names</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/artemis-program-addidas-quarter-zip-pullover?variant=45705906454745" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-300x300.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-1200x1200.webp 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-768x768.webp 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2-1568x1568.webp 1568w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/adidas-quarter-zip-pullover-black-front-66995faeb41d2.webp 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Apparel</p> <h3 class="card-title">Artemis Program Addidas Quarter zip pullover</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/astronomy-magazine-under-armour-mens-polo?variant=45670013763801" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-300x300.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-1200x1200.webp 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-768x768.webp 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9-1568x1568.webp 1568w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/under-armour-mens-polo-shirt-black-front-668a2203d19e9.webp 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Apparel</p> <h3 class="card-title">Astronomy Magazine Under Armour庐 men's polo</h3> </article> </a> </li><li class="wp-block-content-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <a href="https://thespacestore.com/collections/new-collection/products/nasa-unisex-hoodie?variant=45691484340441" class="agency-ui-card-link"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <div class="card-image"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-300x300.webp" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-1200x1200.webp 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-768x768.webp 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9-1568x1568.webp 1568w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/09/unisex-pullover-hoodie-black-front-66933aba931d9.webp 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div> <p class="card-content-type">Apparel</p> <h3 class="card-title">NASA Embroidered Unisex Hoodie</h3> </article> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://thespacestore.com/">Visit The Space Store</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center">Popular Explorations</h2> <div class="wp-block-post-carousel glide "> <div class="wp-block-post-carousel__slides"> <div class="js-glide-carousel" data-carousel_config="post-carousel-block" data-num-to-display="6"> <div class="glide__arrows glide__arrow-left" data-glide-el="controls[nav]"> <button class="glide__arrow" data-glide-dir="<"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Previous</span> </button> </div> <div class="glide__arrows glide__arrow-right" data-glide-el="controls[nav]"> <button class="glide__arrow" data-glide-dir=">"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Next</span> </button> </div> <div class="glide__track" data-glide-el="track"> <ul class="glide__slides"> <li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-spain-9-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2026 Spain 9-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Barcelona-Logan-Armstrong-Unsplash-1568x1045.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-spain-9-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/">2026 Spain 9-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-portugal-spain-15-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2026 Portugal & Spain 15-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-300x202.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-300x202.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-1200x806.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-768x516.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-1536x1032.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-2048x1376.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Belem-Tower-Edoardo-Bortoli-Unsplash-1568x1054.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-portugal-spain-15-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/">2026 Portugal & Spain 15-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-morocco-portugal-spain-17-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2026 Morocco, Portugal, & Spain 17-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-300x189.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-300x189.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-1200x757.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-768x485.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-1536x969.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-2048x1293.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Marrakesh-Zoltan-Tasi-Unsplash-1568x990.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-morocco-portugal-spain-17-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/">2026 Morocco, Portugal, & Spain 17-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-iceland-7-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2026 Iceland 7-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Skogafoss-Nuno-Antunes-Unsplash-1568x1045.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2026-iceland-7-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/">2026 Iceland 7-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-egypt-8-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2027 Egypt 8-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/11/Egypt-Simon-Berger-Unsplash-1568x1045.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-egypt-8-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/">2027 Egypt 8-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-egypt-12-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour-with-nile-cruise/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2027 Egypt 12-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour with Nile Cruise"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Aswan-AXP-PhotographyUnsplash-1568x1045.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-egypt-12-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour-with-nile-cruise/">2027 Egypt 12-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour with Nile Cruise</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-jordan-egypt-13-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2027 Jordan & Egypt 13-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Petra-Snowscat-Unsplash-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Petra-Snowscat-Unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Petra-Snowscat-Unsplash-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Petra-Snowscat-Unsplash-768x511.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-jordan-egypt-13-night-total-solar-eclipse-tour/">2027 Jordan & Egypt 13-Night Total Solar Eclipse Tour</a> </h3> </article> </li><li class="wp-block-post-carousel__slide js-carousel__slide glide__slide"> <article class="agency-ui-card"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-egypt-pre-eclipse-turkey-extension-istanbul-cappadocia/" class="card-image" tabindex="-1" aria-label="2027 Egypt Pre-Eclipse Turkey Extension: Istanbul & Cappadocia"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2024/10/Cappadocia-Tony-LeeUnsplash-1568x1045.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/" class="card-content-type">Observing</a> <h3 class="card-title"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/2027-egypt-pre-eclipse-turkey-extension-istanbul-cappadocia/">2027 Egypt Pre-Eclipse Turkey Extension: Istanbul & Cappadocia</a> </h3> </article> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </main> </section> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo" aria-label="Footer"> <div class="footer-magazine"> <div class="default-max-width"> <div class="footer-magazine-inner"> <img class="footer-magazine-image" src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/01/3-Issue-Image@2x.png" alt="Astronomy Magazine"> <div class="footer-magazine-content"> <h3 class="footer-magazine-title"> Astronomy magazine: 50 years and counting </h3> <p class="footer-magazine-description"> The world's best-selling astronomy magazine offers you the most exciting, visually stunning, and timely coverage of the heavens above. Each issue includes expert science reporting, vivid color photography, complete sky coverage, spot-on observing tips, informative telescope reviews, and much more! All this in a user-friendly style that's perfect for astronomers at any level. </p> <a class="footer-magazine-cta arrow-cta" href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ASY_New&pk=ACF42A3"> Count me in </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-newsletter"> <div class="default-max-width"> <div class="footer-newsletter-inner"> <div class="footer-newsletter-content"> <h3 class="footer-newsletter-title"> Astronomy Newsletter </h3> <p class="footer-newsletter-description"> Get newsletters, updates and special offers via email from Astronomy.com! </p> </div> <div class="footer-newsletter-cta"> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <div class='gf_browser_unknown gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework kserv-newsletter-form_wrapper' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_1' ><div id='gf_1' class='gform_anchor' tabindex='-1'></div> <div class='gform_heading'> <p class='gform_required_legend'>"<span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span>" indicates required fields</p> </div><form method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data' target='gform_ajax_frame_1' id='gform_1' class='kserv-newsletter-form' action='/#gf_1' data-formid='1' novalidate> <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_1' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><div id="field_1_2" class="gfield gfield--type-hidden gfield--width-full gform_hidden field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_2"><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_2' id='input_1_2' type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' aria-invalid="false" value='News' /></div></div><div id="field_1_3" class="gfield gfield--type-hidden gfield--width-full gform_hidden field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_3"><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_3' id='input_1_3' type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' aria-invalid="false" value='ASY' /></div></div><div id="field_1_1" class="gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-three-quarter gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_1"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_1_1' >Enter Email Address<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'> <input name='input_1' id='input_1_1' type='email' value='' class='large' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_submit" class="gfield gfield--type-submit gfield--width-quarter field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-field-class="gform_editor_submit_container" data-field-position="inline" data-js-reload="true"><input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_1' class='gform-button gform-button--white button gform-button--width-full' value='Sign Up' onclick='if(window["gf_submitting_1"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_1"]=true;} ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window["gf_submitting_1"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_1"]=true;} jQuery("#gform_1").trigger("submit",[true]); }' /></div><div id="field_1_4" class="gfield gfield--type-honeypot gform_validation_container field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_4"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_1_4' >Comments</label><div class='ginput_container'><input name='input_4' id='input_1_4' type='text' value='' autocomplete='new-password'/></div><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_1_4'>This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.</div></div></div></div> <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='hidden' name='gform_ajax' value='form_id=1&title=&description=&tabindex=-1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_1' value='WyJbXSIsIjExNDM3NWE1ZTJlZmYwYzJkZTk3ZWI5ZDdlZmNiNzgzIl0=' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_1' id='gform_target_page_number_1' value='0' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_1' id='gform_source_page_number_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' /> </div> </form> </div> <iframe style='display:none;width:0px;height:0px;' src='about:blank' name='gform_ajax_frame_1' id='gform_ajax_frame_1' title='This iframe contains the logic required to handle Ajax powered Gravity Forms.'></iframe> <script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_1').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_1');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_1').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').offset().top - mt); }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_1').val();gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [1, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gf_1').offset().top - mt);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [1]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_1').text());}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_1').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [1, current_page]);gform.utils.trigger({ event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: current_page } });} );} ); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-main"> <div class="default-max-width"> <div class="footer-main-inner"> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home" aria-current="page"><img width="236" height="64" src="https://www.astronomy.com/uploads/2023/01/cropped-Logo-white@2x.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Astronomy Magazine logo" decoding="async" /></a> </div> <div class="footer-main-menus"> <ul class="social-list inline-list"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyMagazine/"> <svg width="10" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.595 4.401c0-.78.556-.962.947-.962h2.403V.012L6.635 0c-3.674 0-4.51 2.556-4.51 4.192v2.284H0v3.531h2.125V20h4.47v-9.993H9.61L10 6.476H6.595V4.401z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Facebook </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/astronomy-magazine"> <svg width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M19.843 19.435H15.59v-7.017c0-1.762-.616-2.965-2.155-2.965-1.175 0-1.875.81-2.182 1.595-.113.28-.14.67-.14 1.063v7.324H6.86s.056-11.885 0-13.114h4.255v1.856c.564-.893 1.574-2.165 3.833-2.165 1.398 0 2.622.468 3.497 1.44.875.973 1.399 2.45 1.399 4.464v7.519zM2.379 4.53H2.35C.923 4.53 0 3.523 0 2.264 0 .98.952 0 2.407 0c1.454 0 2.35.98 2.378 2.264 0 1.26-.924 2.266-2.406 2.266zM.25 19.435h4.253V6.32H.251v13.114z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> LinkedIn </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/astronomymagazine"> <svg width="24" height="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M5.667.13A145.11 145.11 0 0116.852.088c1.23.04 2.496.088 3.62.178 2.532.202 3.173 1.738 3.406 4.154.04.408.057.836.071 1.2v.023c.054.066.008.228.024.333v.132c.054.134.008.363.023.535v2.932c-.015.104.031.266-.023.333v.133c-.016.104.03.267-.024.334v.11c-.014.082.031.223-.023.267-.016.098.03.252-.024.31-.1 1.433-.234 2.683-.893 3.534-.748.967-2.053 1.224-3.83 1.222-.032.05-.163.008-.236.02h-.235c-.04.053-.178.01-.258.024h-.282c-.047.05-.195.008-.282.023h-.328c-.025.02-.067.025-.114.025l-.148-.006-.068.003h-.376a.287.287 0 01-.141.025l-.176-.006-.082.003h-.423c-.126.05-.352.006-.517.022h-.563c-.174.052-.447.007-.659.023h-.846c-.745.037-1.653.037-2.397 0h-.799c-.235-.016-.533.029-.728-.023h-.61c-.182-.016-.424.029-.566-.022H7.83a.846.846 0 00-.095-.003l-.205.006a.417.417 0 01-.17-.025h-.424c-.125-.015-.313.028-.398-.022h-.352c-.104-.015-.268.029-.33-.023h-.306c-.086-.013-.234.029-.28-.023h-.237c-.079-.013-.218.03-.258-.021-1.725-.056-3.086-.27-3.807-1.266-.622-.86-.784-2.064-.87-3.49-.054-.058-.008-.212-.023-.31-.055-.044-.009-.185-.023-.267v-.11c-.055-.067-.009-.23-.024-.334v-.133c-.054-.067-.009-.23-.024-.333V6.642c.015-.172-.03-.401.024-.535v-.132c.015-.105-.03-.267.024-.333v-.023C.123 3.268.421 1.238 2.26.509 3.13.162 4.497.184 5.667.13zm3.854 4.468v6.332c.237-.08.42-.211.658-.29.044-.062.128-.085.211-.111a58.734 58.734 0 011.95-.955c.081-.057.176-.101.282-.134.112-.065.214-.14.353-.177.097-.065.206-.117.33-.157 0-.02.028-.016.046-.022a34.578 34.578 0 011.998-.977c.044-.062.128-.086.211-.111.117-.081.27-.131.4-.2-.04-.125-.228-.111-.307-.2-.082-.025-.167-.048-.21-.111a1.324 1.324 0 01-.33-.156c-.082-.024-.168-.048-.212-.11a1.344 1.344 0 01-.328-.156c-.083-.026-.168-.048-.212-.111-.044-.003-.078-.015-.093-.045-.16-.063-.327-.121-.447-.223-.044-.001-.079-.013-.094-.042-.16-.065-.326-.123-.446-.223-.044-.003-.079-.015-.095-.045-.159-.064-.325-.121-.446-.222-.087-.013-.138-.062-.212-.09-.104-.063-.25-.088-.329-.176-.086-.015-.137-.063-.21-.09-.106-.064-.25-.09-.33-.177-.087-.015-.138-.062-.21-.09-.106-.062-.252-.09-.33-.177-.038.006-.04-.02-.07-.022-.153-.086-.345-.134-.47-.244-.039.006-.04-.022-.072-.023-.152-.087-.344-.133-.469-.245-.039.007-.04-.02-.07-.021-.153-.064-.283-.15-.447-.2z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> YouTube </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/astronomy.magazine/"> <svg width="24" height="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M11.477.002c1.393.004 2.786-.015 4.178.02a72.8 72.8 0 011.044.037c.33.015.662.032.992.066.492.05.977.134 1.454.264 1.169.321 2.182.9 3.01 1.794a6.191 6.191 0 011.319 2.23c.243.709.37 1.439.427 2.185.037.495.053.991.07 1.487.01.304.013.609.018.913l.002.67c0 .007.006.013.01.02v4.625c-.004.007-.01.014-.01.021l-.002.669c-.004.194-.003.388-.01.582-.008.363-.022.725-.037 1.088a14.06 14.06 0 01-.116 1.419 8.372 8.372 0 01-.352 1.497 6.149 6.149 0 01-1.92 2.796c-.697.585-1.5.965-2.37 1.213a8.95 8.95 0 01-1.787.303c-.488.037-.978.052-1.467.069-.31.012-.618.013-.926.019-.07-.001-.136-.004-.204-.002-.025 0-.054-.016-.073.013H9.275c-.006-.02-.023-.014-.036-.014l-.252.002c-.192-.002-.384-.003-.576-.008-.365-.01-.73-.023-1.094-.039a16.46 16.46 0 01-1.11-.077 8.805 8.805 0 01-1.485-.292 6.191 6.191 0 01-3.193-2.123C.864 20.616.482 19.656.266 18.624a10.603 10.603 0 01-.198-1.712 74.99 74.99 0 01-.05-1.337c-.01-.369-.014-.739-.015-1.108C0 13.79 0 13.113.002 12.436c.003-1.363-.014-2.726.02-4.09.009-.352.023-.704.038-1.056.017-.402.04-.803.09-1.203a8.538 8.538 0 01.366-1.641 6.132 6.132 0 012.07-2.945C3.18 1.031 3.85.709 4.566.477 5.323.232 6.104.121 6.895.079A59.594 59.594 0 018.422.018 41.38 41.38 0 019.535.003C10.182 0 10.83 0 11.477.002zm2.04 2.166l-.94.001c-1.16.003-2.318-.009-3.477.008-.485.008-.971.017-1.457.039-.36.015-.72.027-1.08.063a6.735 6.735 0 00-1.135.203c-.456.128-.895.299-1.288.569a4 4 0 00-1.584 2.13 7.178 7.178 0 00-.31 1.791c-.027.494-.044.988-.06 1.481-.01.365-.014.73-.016 1.096-.003.732-.003 1.465-.001 2.199v2.1l.009 1.05c.008.593.025 1.185.05 1.777.017.36.04.719.089 1.077.059.427.154.846.305 1.251.389 1.04 1.085 1.797 2.094 2.259.667.306 1.379.429 2.105.482.418.03.837.045 1.256.058.42.014.842.02 1.263.026.397.005.794.006 1.19.005h3.057l1.529-.012c.409-.007.817-.018 1.226-.035.437-.02.874-.034 1.309-.089a6.16 6.16 0 001.274-.29c1.12-.399 1.92-1.14 2.386-2.236.296-.696.403-1.431.446-2.178.02-.356.035-.712.046-1.068a76.756 76.756 0 00.03-2.493v-1.409c.002-.94.004-1.879-.01-2.819-.003-.25-.004-.5-.011-.751-.01-.362-.025-.725-.04-1.088-.016-.46-.05-.919-.128-1.374a4.93 4.93 0 00-.457-1.437 3.89 3.89 0 00-2.06-1.884c-.676-.275-1.385-.384-2.107-.424-.491-.028-.983-.044-1.474-.06a44.01 44.01 0 00-1.09-.016c-.626-.003-1.253-.003-1.88-.001zm-1.4 3.668c3.31.058 6.076 2.777 6.048 6.222a6.165 6.165 0 01-6.23 6.106C8.56 18.133 5.83 15.374 5.839 12c-.014-3.398 2.785-6.226 6.279-6.165zm-.04 2.168C9.816 7.963 7.994 9.803 8.007 12c-.01 2.179 1.764 3.978 3.96 3.996a4 4 0 004.03-3.958 4.004 4.004 0 00-3.918-4.034zm6.311-3.852a1.434 1.434 0 011.459 1.399 1.44 1.44 0 01-1.441 1.488 1.44 1.44 0 01-1.444-1.41 1.434 1.434 0 011.426-1.477z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Instagram </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/AstronomyMag"> <svg width="21" height="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.333.295a8.3 8.3 0 01-2.606.98A4.123 4.123 0 0014.732 0c-2.265 0-4.103 1.809-4.103 4.039 0 .317.037.625.107.92A11.704 11.704 0 012.277.739a3.974 3.974 0 00-.554 2.032c0 1.4.723 2.637 1.825 3.36a4.156 4.156 0 01-1.859-.504v.052c0 1.956 1.415 3.589 3.292 3.96a4.159 4.159 0 01-1.855.068 4.102 4.102 0 003.833 2.806 8.315 8.315 0 01-5.095 1.728c-.33 0-.658-.02-.979-.056A11.752 11.752 0 007.175 16c7.55 0 11.674-6.154 11.674-11.493 0-.174-.003-.35-.01-.522a8.28 8.28 0 002.046-2.09 8.28 8.28 0 01-2.356.635A4.068 4.068 0 0020.333.295" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Twitter </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="menu-footer-navigation-container"><ul id="menu-footer-navigation" class="inline-list"><li id="menu-item-122377" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-122377"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/about-us/">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-125576" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-125576"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/contact/">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-125574" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-125574"><a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ASY_NEW_GLOBE&pk=ACF46A1">Subscribe</a></li> <li id="menu-item-125575" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-125575"><a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ASY_custserv">Customer Service</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47836" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47836"><a href="https://www.astronomy.com/advertise-with-us/">Advertising</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47837" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47837"><a href="https://firecrown.com/terms-of-use/">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-47838"><a href="https://firecrown.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subfooter"> <div class="default-max-width"> <div class="subfooter-inner"> <p class="copyright-info"> @ 2024 Firecrown Media. All Rights Reserved. </p> <div class="publisher-info"> <a href="https://firecrown.com/"> More Sites from Firecrown Media </a> <img src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/01/cropped-Logo-white@2x.png" alt="Publisher logo"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="scroll-to-top js-scroll-top-button" href="#page"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Scroll to</span> <span>Top</span> </a> <div class="kserv-login-modal js-kserv-login-modal"> <div class="kserv-login-modal__overlay js-kserv-login-modal-close"></div> <div class="kserv-login-modal__modal"> <button type="button" class="kserv-login-modal__close js-kserv-login-modal-close js-kserv-login-modal-close-button" aria-label="Close login modal"> <svg class="opened" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="48" height="48" fill="white" fill-opacity="0.01"/><path d="M8 8L40 40" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M8 40L40 8" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> </button> <h3 class="kserv-login-modal__heading"> Login </h3> <div class="kserv-login-modal__new-user"> New User? <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/register/">Create an Account</a> </div> <p>Why Sign In? Subscribers can access their digital magazine issues, and registered users can participate in our Community forums and galleries. </p> <form action="" method="POST" id="login-form" name="login-form" class="kserv-login-modal__form"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="email">Email</label> <div id="email-error" class="form-error" style="display:none;">Email is required</div> <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" name="email" placeholder=""> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="pass">Password</label> <div id="pass-error" class="form-error" style="display:none;">Password is required</div> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="pass" name="pass" placeholder=""> </div> <div id="login-response" class="form-error"></div> <button type="button" class="kserv-login-modal__submit button button-primary js-kserv-login-button" id="login-button" name="login-button" aria-label="Sign in"> Sign in </button> </form> <div class="kserv-login-modal__links"> <div class="kserv-login-modal__forgot"> <a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/kalmbach_ForgotPass" target="_blank">Forgot your password?</a> </div> <div class="kserv-login-modal__account"> <a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/ASY_custserv" target="_blank">Manage My Account</a> </div> <div class="kserv-login-modal__contact"> <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/contact/">Contact</a> </div> <div class="kserv-login-modal__support"> <a href="https://kalmbach.dragonforms.com/ASY_custserv" target="_blank">Customer Support</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var relevanssi_rt_regex = /(&|\?)_(rt|rt_nonce)=(\w+)/g var newUrl = window.location.search.replace(relevanssi_rt_regex, '') history.replaceState(null, null, window.location.pathname + newUrl + window.location.hash) </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gravity_forms_theme_reset-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/gravity-forms-theme-reset.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gravity_forms_theme_foundation-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/gravity-forms-theme-foundation.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gravity_forms_theme_framework-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/gravity-forms-theme-framework.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gravity_forms_orbital_theme-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/gravity-forms-orbital-theme.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_basic-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/basic.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme_components-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme-components.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme_ie11-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme-ie11.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme-css' href='https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme.min.css?ver=2.7.6' media='all' /> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'> .wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11 > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width:800px;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11 > .alignwide{max-width:800px;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-11 .alignfull{max-width:none;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2{justify-content:center;} </style> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/astronomy-core/dist/lib/js/glide.min.js?ver=1.0.0" id="glide-js-js"></script> <script id="kalmbach_kserv_scripts-js-extra"> var kserv_endpoint = {"base_url":"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/wp"}; </script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/kalmbach-kserv/dist/scripts.js?ver=1.0.3" id="kalmbach_kserv_scripts-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/astronomy/dist/frontend.js?ver=1.0.4" id="astronomy-scripts-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/themes/seedlet/assets/js/primary-navigation.js?ver=1.0.0" id="seedlet-primary-navigation-script-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill-inert.min.js?ver=3.1.2" id="wp-polyfill-inert-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/regenerator-runtime.min.js?ver=0.14.0" id="regenerator-runtime-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js?ver=f77871ff7694fffea381" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script src="https://www.astronomy.com/wp/wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js?ver=d90eebea464f6c09bfd5" id="wp-a11y-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/js/jquery.json.min.js?ver=2.7.6" id="gform_json-js"></script> <script id="gform_gravityforms-js-extra"> var gform_i18n = {"datepicker":{"days":{"monday":"Mo","tuesday":"Tu","wednesday":"We","thursday":"Th","friday":"Fr","saturday":"Sa","sunday":"Su"},"months":{"january":"January","february":"February","march":"March","april":"April","may":"May","june":"June","july":"July","august":"August","september":"September","october":"October","november":"November","december":"December"},"firstDay":1,"iconText":"Select date"}}; var gf_legacy_multi = []; var gform_gravityforms = {"strings":{"invalid_file_extension":"This type of file is not allowed. Must be one of the following:","delete_file":"Delete this file","in_progress":"in progress","file_exceeds_limit":"File exceeds size limit","illegal_extension":"This type of file is not allowed.","max_reached":"Maximum number of files reached","unknown_error":"There was a problem while saving the file on the server","currently_uploading":"Please wait for the uploading to complete","cancel":"Cancel","cancel_upload":"Cancel this upload","cancelled":"Cancelled"},"vars":{"images_url":"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/app\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images"}}; var gf_global = {"gf_currency_config":{"name":"U.S. Dollar","symbol_left":"$","symbol_right":"","symbol_padding":"","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","decimals":2,"code":"USD"},"base_url":"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/app\/plugins\/gravityforms","number_formats":[],"spinnerUrl":"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/app\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg","version_hash":"624b9dc735def13734f5c8001276ee6d","strings":{"newRowAdded":"New row added.","rowRemoved":"Row removed","formSaved":"The form has been saved. The content contains the link to return and complete the form."}}; </script> <script defer='defer' src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/js/gravityforms.min.js?ver=2.7.6" id="gform_gravityforms-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/utils.min.js?ver=3f33f1b56bb5e5da665be32ebbe89543" id="gform_gravityforms_utils-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/vendor-theme.min.js?ver=1a5749916bf8ca4822137a83fec75744" id="gform_gravityforms_theme_vendors-js"></script> <script id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js-extra"> var gform_theme_config = {"common":{"form":{"honeypot":{"version_hash":"624b9dc735def13734f5c8001276ee6d"}}},"hmr_dev":"","public_path":"https:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/app\/plugins\/gravityforms\/assets\/js\/dist\/"}; </script> <script defer='defer' src="https://www.astronomy.com/app/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/scripts-theme.min.js?ver=c0c5d795571af887e62fb8d599d4d553" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js"></script> <script> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script> <script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() { jQuery(document).on('gform_post_render', function(event, formId, currentPage){if(formId == 1) {} } );jQuery(document).bind('gform_post_conditional_logic', function(event, formId, fields, isInit){} ) } ); </script> <script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [1, 1]);gform.utils.trigger({ event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: 1 } });} ); </script> </body> </html>