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Chhetri</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Prem Chhetri"> <meta name="keywords" content="Prem Chhetri"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Prem Chhetri" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Prem Chhetri"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 33</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Prem Chhetri</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Modeling Intention to Use 3PL Services: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasrin%20Akter">Nasrin Akter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Chhetri"> Prem Chhetri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shams%20Rahman"> Shams Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study tested Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model to explain the formation of business customers’ intention to use 3PL services in Bangladesh. The findings show that the TPB model has a good fit to the data. Based on theoretical support and suggested modification indices, a refined TPB model was developed afterwards which provides a better predictive power for intention. Consistent with the theory, the results of a structural equation analysis revealed that the intention to use 3PL services is predicted by attitude and subjective norms but not by perceived behavioral control. Further investigation indicated that the paths between (attitude and intention) and (subjective norms and intention) did not statistically differ between 3PL user and non-user. Findings of this research provide an evidence base to formulate business strategies to increase the use of 3PL services in Bangladesh to enhance productivity and to gain economic efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intention" title=" intention"> intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third-party%20logistics" title=" third-party logistics"> third-party logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theory%20of%20Planned%20Behavior" title=" Theory of Planned Behavior"> Theory of Planned Behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16097/modeling-intention-to-use-3pl-services-an-application-of-the-theory-of-planned-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">581</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Social Perspectives on Population of People Living Postively; An Indian Scenario, Evidence from Tiruchirappalli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uwonkunda%20Jeanne">Uwonkunda Jeanne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Godwin%20Prem%20Singh"> J. Godwin Prem Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjaneyalu%20Subbiah"> Anjaneyalu Subbiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> HIV/AIDS is known to affect an individual not only physically but also mentally, socially, and financially. It is a syndrome that builds a vacuum in a person affecting his/her life as a whole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=People%20living%20with%20HIV" title="People living with HIV">People living with HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20dysfunction" title=" social dysfunction"> social dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigma" title=" stigma"> stigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20Social%20support." title=" and Social support."> and Social support.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11874/social-perspectives-on-population-of-people-living-postively-an-indian-scenario-evidence-from-tiruchirappalli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Earthquake Effect in Micro Hydro Sector: Case Study of Dulakha District, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keshav%20Raj%20Dhakal">Keshav Raj Dhakal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jit%20Bahadur%20Rokaya%20Chhetri"> Jit Bahadur Rokaya Chhetri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Micro Hydro (MH) is one of the successful technology in Rural Nepal. Out of 75 district, 59 districts have installed 1287 MH projects with a total capacity of 24 Mega Watt (MW). Now, the challenge is how to sustain them. Dolakha is a prominent district for sustainable endues of power to sustain the MH projects. A total of 37 MH projects have been constructed with producing 886 Kilo Watt (KW) of energy in the district. This study traces out the impact of earthquake in MH sector in Dolakha district. It shows that 59 % of projects have been affected by devastating earthquake in April and May, 2015 where 29 % are completely damaged. Most of the damages are in civil structures like Penstock, forebay, power house, Canal, Intake. Transmission and distribution line have been partially damaged. This paper analysis failure of the civil structural component of MH projects and its financial consequence to the community. This study recommends that a disaster impact assessment is essential before construction of MH projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20hydro" title="micro hydro">micro hydro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20failure" title=" structural failure"> structural failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20consequence" title=" financial consequence"> financial consequence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48230/earthquake-effect-in-micro-hydro-sector-case-study-of-dulakha-district-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Deformation and Energy Absorption of Corrugated Tubes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20R.%20Rahim">Mohammad R. Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shagil%20Akhtar"> Shagil Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20K.%20Bharti"> Prem K. Bharti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Muneeb%20Iqbal"> Syed Muneeb Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deformation and energy absorption studies with corrugated tubes where corrugation is perpendicular to the line of action which coincides exactly with the unstrained axis of the tubes. In the present study, several specimens with various geometric parameters are prepared and compressed quasi-statistically in ANSYS Workbench. It is observed that tubes with perpendicular corrugation alters the deformation condition considerably and culminates in a substantial escalation in energy absorption scope in juxtaposed with the tubes having a circular cross-section. This study will help automotive, aerospace and various other industries to design superior components with perpendicular corrugated tubes and will reduce the experimental trials by conducting the numerical simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS%20Workbench" title="ANSYS Workbench">ANSYS Workbench</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation%20and%20energy%20absorption" title=" deformation and energy absorption"> deformation and energy absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrugated%20tubes" title=" corrugated tubes"> corrugated tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-static%20compression" title=" quasi-static compression"> quasi-static compression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69163/deformation-and-energy-absorption-of-corrugated-tubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> An Innovative Auditory Impulsed EEG and Neural Network Based Biometric Identification System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritesh%20Kumar">Ritesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gitanjali%20Chhetri"> Gitanjali Chhetri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandira%20Bhatia"> Mandira Bhatia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohit%20Mishra"> Mohit Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhijith%20Bailur"> Abhijith Bailur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhinav"> Abhinav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prevalence of the internet and technology in our day to day lives is creating more security issues than ever. The need for protecting and providing a secure access to private and business data has led to the development of many security systems. One of the potential solutions is to employ the bio-metric authentication technique. In this paper we present an innovative biometric authentication method that utilizes a person’s EEG signal, which is acquired in response to an auditory stimulus,and transferred wirelessly to a computer that has the necessary ANN algorithm-Multi layer perceptrol neural network because of is its ability to differentiate between information which is not linearly separable.In order to determine the weights of the hidden layer we use Gaussian random weight initialization. MLP utilizes a supervised learning technique called Back propagation for training the network. The complex algorithm used for EEG classification reduces the chances of intrusion into the protected public or private data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG%20signal" title="EEG signal">EEG signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auditory%20evoked%20potential" title=" auditory evoked potential"> auditory evoked potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title=" biometrics"> biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20perceptron%20neural%20network" title=" multilayer perceptron neural network"> multilayer perceptron neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20propagation%20rule" title=" back propagation rule"> back propagation rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaussian%20random%20weight%20initialization" title=" Gaussian random weight initialization"> Gaussian random weight initialization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29970/an-innovative-auditory-impulsed-eeg-and-neural-network-based-biometric-identification-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Thyroid Hormones and Thyrotropin Status in Nepalese Postmenopausal Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Khan">S. A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Mishra"> B. Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Sherchan"> O. Sherchan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aims: Thyroid disorder is the most common endocrine disorder after diabetes mellitus. Females are more vulnerable to this disease, and old age is an important risk factor. This study was undertaken to investigate the burden of thyroid disorder in Nepalese postmenopausal women. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, we included 271 post-menopausal women. Three ml of blood was collected following standard protocol after taking the written consent. Serum was separated and analyzed for free T3, free T4, and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) method in Snibe Maglumi 1000 analyzer. Data obtained was analyzed in SPSS Version 21. P < 0.05 was set for statistical significant at 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results: Majority of the participants belong to Janjati (46.5%) ethnicity, followed by Brahmin/Chhetri (41.7%), residing either in urban or suburban locality. Most of them were non-vegetarian, non-smoker, and non-alcoholic. Subjects were divided into hyperthyroid (TSH < 0.3 uIU/ml), hypothyroid (TSH > 4.5 uIU/ml), and euthyroid (TSH=0.3-4.5 uIU/ml) based on TSH value. We reported 10.3% hyperthyroid and 29.2% hypothyroid cases. TSH was significantly correlated with T3 (r=-0.244; p < 0.001) T4 (r=-0.398; p < 0.001); age (r=-0.138; p=0.023) and BMI (r=0.123; p=0.043). Multiple linear regression model for TSH reveals only T3 and T4 were significantly associated with TSH (p < 0.001; p=0.001). Conclusion: To conclude, nearly 39.5% of the postmenopausal women had thyroid disorder. Postmenopausal women are vulnerable to thyroid disorder; therefore, requires regular thyroid monitoring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid%20stimulating%20hormone" title="thyroid stimulating hormone">thyroid stimulating hormone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TSH" title=" TSH"> TSH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T3" title=" T3"> T3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T4" title=" T4"> T4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid%20disorder" title=" thyroid disorder"> thyroid disorder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124840/thyroid-hormones-and-thyrotropin-status-in-nepalese-postmenopausal-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Performance Evaluation of Single Basin Solar Still</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Singh">Prem Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagdeep%20Singh"> Jagdeep Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In an attempt to investigate the performance of single basin solar still for climate conditions of Ludhiana a single basin solar still was designed, fabricated and tested. The energy balance equations for various parts of the still are solved by Gauss-Seidel iteration method. Computer model was made and experimentally validated. The validated computer model was used to estimate the annual distillation yield and performance ratio of the still for Ludhiana. The Theoretical and experimental distillation yield were 4318.79 ml and 3850 ml, respectively for the typical day. The predicted distillation yield was 12.5% higher than the experimental yield. The annual distillation yield per square meter aperture area and annual performance ratio for single basin solar still is 1095 liters and 0.43 liters, respectively. The payback period for micro-stepped solar still is 2.5 years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20distillation" title="solar distillation">solar distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20still" title=" solar still"> solar still</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20basin" title=" single basin"> single basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=still" title=" still"> still</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28282/performance-evaluation-of-single-basin-solar-still" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Tranexamic Acid in Prevention of Postpartum Haemorrhage in Elective Cesarean Section</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Agrawal">Ajay Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pravin%20Shah"> Pravin Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shailaja%20Chhetri"> Shailaja Chhetri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pappu%20Rijal"> Pappu Rijal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Objectives: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a common and occasionally life-threatening complication of labour. Cesarean section (CS) is associated with more blood loss than vaginal delivery. There is a trend for increasing CS rates in both developed and developing countries. This could increase the risk of morbidity and mortality, especially among anemic women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative administration of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid (TA) on blood loss during and after elective CS delivery. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective, randomized controlled study. 160 eligible pregnant women of 37 or more POG planned for CS were randomized into two groups either to receive 10ml(1gm) of tranexamic acid intravenously or 10ml of normal saline. Blood loss was measured during and for 24 hours after operation. Results: The mean estimated blood loss was significantly lower in women treated with TA compared with women in the placebo group (392.13 ml ± 10.06 versus 498.69 ml ± 15.87, respectively; p < 0.001). The mean difference in pre-operative and post-operative hemoglobin levels was statistically significant in the tranexamic acid group than in the control group (0.31 ± 0.18 versus 0.79 ± 0.23, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Pre-operative use of tranexamic acid is associated with reduced blood loss during and after elective cesarean section. In a developing country like ours where PPH is a major threat to the life of the mothers, it seems to be a promising option. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20loss" title="blood loss">blood loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cesarean%20section" title=" cesarean section"> cesarean section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postpartum%20hemorrhage" title=" postpartum hemorrhage"> postpartum hemorrhage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tranexamic%20acid" title=" tranexamic acid"> tranexamic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74243/tranexamic-acid-in-prevention-of-postpartum-haemorrhage-in-elective-cesarean-section" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Assessment of Procurement-Demand of Milk Plant Using Quality Control Tools: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagdeep%20Singh">Jagdeep Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Singh"> Prem Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Milk is considered as an essential and complete food. The present study was conducted at Milk Plant Mohali especially in reference to the procurement section where the cash inflow was maximum, with the objective to achieve higher productivity and reduce wastage of milk. In milk plant it was observed that during the month of Jan-2014 to March-2014 the average procurement of milk was Rs. 4, 19, 361 liter per month and cost of procurement of milk is Rs 35/- per liter. The total cost of procurement thereby equal to Rs. 1crore 46 lakh per month, but there was mismatch in procurement-production of milk, which leads to an average loss of Rs. 12, 94, 405 per month. To solve the procurement-production problem Quality Control Tools like brainstorming, Flow Chart, Cause effect diagram and Pareto analysis are applied wherever applicable. With the successful implementation of Quality Control tools an average saving of Rs. 4, 59, 445 per month is done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk" title="milk">milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procurement-demand" title=" procurement-demand"> procurement-demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20control%20tools" title=" quality control tools"> quality control tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28242/assessment-of-procurement-demand-of-milk-plant-using-quality-control-tools-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Comparative Study of Fenton and Activated Carbon Treatment for Dyeing Waste Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Mohan">Prem Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namrata%20Jariwala"> Namrata Jariwala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years 10000 dyes are approximately used by dying industry which makes dyeing wastewater more complex in nature. It is very difficult to treat dyeing wastewater by conventional methods. Here an attempt has been made to treat dyeing wastewater by the conventional and advanced method for removal of COD. Fenton process is the advanced method and activated carbon treatment is the conventional method. Experiments have been done on synthetic wastewater prepared from three different dyes; acidic, disperse and reactive. Experiments have also been conducted on real effluent obtained from industry. The optimum dose of catalyst and hydrogen peroxide in Fenton process and optimum activated carbon dose for each of these wastewaters were obtained. In Fenton treatment, COD removal was obtained up to 95% whereas 70% removal was obtained with activated carbon treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title="activated carbon">activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20oxidation%20process" title=" advanced oxidation process"> advanced oxidation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyeing%20waste%20water" title=" dyeing waste water"> dyeing waste water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fenton%20oxidation%20process" title=" fenton oxidation process"> fenton oxidation process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81307/comparative-study-of-fenton-and-activated-carbon-treatment-for-dyeing-waste-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Scientific Expedition to Understand the Crucial Issues of Rapid Lake Expansion and Moraine Dam Instability Phenomena to Justify the Lake Lowering Effort of Imja Lake, Khumbu Region of Sagarmatha, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20C.%20Tiwari">R. C. Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20P.%20Bhandary"> N. P. Bhandary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20B.%20Thapa%20Chhetri"> D. B. Thapa Chhetri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Yatabe"> R. Yatabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research enlightens the various issues of lake expansion and stability of the moraine dam of Imja lake. The Imja lake considered that the world highest altitude lake (5010m from m.s.l.), located in the Khumbu, Sagarmatha region of Nepal (27.90 N and 86.90 E) was reported as one of the fast growing glacier lakes in the Nepal Himalaya. The research explores a common phenomenon of lake expansion and stability issues of moraine dam to justify the necessity of lake lowering efforts if any in future in other glacier lakes in Nepal Himalaya. For this, we have explored the root causes of rapid lake expansion along with crucial factors responsible for the stability of moraine mass. This research helps to understand the structure of moraine dam and the ice, water and moraine interactions to the strength of moraine dam. The nature of permafrost layer and its effects on moraine dam stability is also studied here. The detail Geo-Technical properties of moraine mass of Imja lake gives a clear picture of the strength of the moraine material and their interactions. The stability analysis of the moraine dam under the consideration of strong ground motion of 7.8Mw 2015 Barpak-Gorkha and its major aftershock 7.3Mw Kodari, Sindhupalchowk-Dolakha border, Nepal earthquakes have also been carried out here to understand the necessity of lake lowering efforts. The lake lowering effort was recently done by Nepal Army by constructing an open channel and lowered 3m. And, it is believed that the entire region is now safe due to continuous draining of lake water by 3m. But, this option does not seem adequate to offer a significant risk reduction to downstream communities in this much amount of volume and depth, lowering as in the 75 million cubic meter water impounded with an average depth of 148.9m. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glacier" title=" glacier"> glacier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moraine" title=" moraine"> moraine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76299/scientific-expedition-to-understand-the-crucial-issues-of-rapid-lake-expansion-and-moraine-dam-instability-phenomena-to-justify-the-lake-lowering-effort-of-imja-lake-khumbu-region-of-sagarmatha-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Knowledge and Awareness of HIV/AIDS among Male Prisoners in Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saroj%20Bala%20Grover">Saroj Bala Grover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%20Munther%20Alhasawi"> Al Munther Alhasawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20N.%20Sharma"> Prem N. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20N.%20Menon"> P. S. N. Menon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Prisoners are considered one of the high-risk populations for the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Targeting this group is one of the strategies to reduce the incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the community. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among male inmates in Kuwait’s prison by administering three sets of questionnaires to assess the level of their knowledge and awareness about the mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS, their risky personal behavior that may lead to HIV infection, and the presence of any negative attitudes and stigmatization towards HIV infected individuals. Results: The study included 123 male inmates, with a mean ± SD age of 30.9 ± 8.4 years. Most participants had good general knowledge (90%) about the mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS, including sharing contaminated syringes, risky personal behaviors such as having unprotected sex and increased number of extramarital relationships (66%), and the avoidance of the regular use of condoms. The younger age group (< 35 years) had more extramarital relationships than those > 35 years (71.4% Vs. 46.4%; p=0.016). There was a perceived attitude of stigmatization among inmates towards HIV-infected persons. Conclusions: This vulnerable group of prisoners, especially young adults, need educational programs to improve knowledge about the transmission of HIV and to correct and change their risky personal behaviors to protect themselves and the community against HIV transmission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%2FAIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuwait" title=" Kuwait"> Kuwait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prisoners" title=" prisoners"> prisoners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title=" awareness"> awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20behavior" title=" personal behavior"> personal behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extramarital%20relationships" title=" extramarital relationships"> extramarital relationships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safe%20sex" title=" safe sex"> safe sex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigmatization" title=" stigmatization"> stigmatization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153608/knowledge-and-awareness-of-hivaids-among-male-prisoners-in-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Kinetic Modeling of Colour and Textural Properties of Stored Rohu (Labeo rohita) Fish</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pramod%20K.%20Prabhakar">Pramod K. Prabhakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20P.%20Srivastav"> Prem P. Srivastav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rohu (Labeo rohita) is an Indian major carp and highly relished freshwater food for its unique flavor, texture, and culinary properties. It is highly perishable and, spoilage occurs as a result of series of complicated biochemical changes brought about by enzymes which are the function of time and storage temperature also. The influence of storage temperature (5, 0, and -5 °C) on colour and texture of fish were studied during 14 days storage period in order to analyze kinetics of colour and textural changes. The rate of total colour change was most noticeable at the highest storage temperature (5°C), and these changes were well described by the first order reaction. Texture is an important variable of quality of the fish and is increasing concern to aquaculture industries. Textural parameters such as hardness, toughness and stiffness were evaluated on a texture analyzer for the different day of stored fish. The significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in hardness was observed after 2nd, 4th and 8th day for the fish stored at 5, 0, and -5 °C respectively. The textural changes of fish during storage followed a first order kinetic model and fitted well with this model (R2 > 0.95). However, the textural data with respect to time was also fitted to modified Maxwell model and found to be good fit with R2 value ranges from 0.96 to 0.98. Temperature dependence of colour and texture change was adequately modelled with the Arrhenius type equation. This fitted model may be used for the determination of shelf life of Rohu Rohu (Labeo rohita) Fish. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20order%20kinetics" title="first order kinetics">first order kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20changes" title=" biochemical changes"> biochemical changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxwell%20model" title=" Maxwell model"> Maxwell model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colour" title=" colour"> colour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arrhenius%20type%20equation" title=" Arrhenius type equation"> Arrhenius type equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57115/kinetic-modeling-of-colour-and-textural-properties-of-stored-rohu-labeo-rohita-fish" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Internet Health: A Cross-Sectional Survey Exploring Identified Risks and Online Safety Measures in Parent and Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdirahim%20Mohamed">Abdirahim Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarita%20Rana%20Chhetri"> Sarita Rana Chhetri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Sleath"> Michael Sleath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Saleem"> Nadia Saleem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rationale: Internet usage has been very much integrated into our daily lives. Internet usage within a neurodevelopmental disorder population is also on the increase. Nevertheless, there is very little empirical research on how this population virtually protect themselves; along with how their parents can keep them safe online. This topic was an ever-growing concern to the parents within our services and in many cases would add to the stresses and mental health of parents. This ignited an idea within our team to conduct research to explore the perceived online risks within this population and how they keep themselves safe. In conjunction, we also explored how parents and caregivers monitor and safeguard their young people to the potential threats online. Our hypothesis was that the perceived risks will heavily outnumber the safeguarding measures implemented by this population. Method: Within the Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Partnership Trust Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS), we distributed qualitative questionnaires to all the clinical bases (N=80). Questions explored topics such as daily internet usage, safeguarding measures, and perceived threats. The researchers requested for all CAMHS clinicians to identify participants. Participants in this study were accessing CAMHS for neurodevelopmental specific interventions. Results: The data were analysed using both Excel and SPSS. Within SPSS, a MANOVA was conducted and found a significant difference between safeguarding measures and perceived online risks within responses (p ≤ 0.5). This supports our hypothesis that participants in this population are well versed in the safeguarding issues of the internet; however, struggle to implement appropriate preventative measures. Data were also screened using Excel and found that all parents and carers stated they 'monitored their child’s internet use'. Conclusion: Data suggest that parents/carers may require more specific intervention to equip them with preventative measures due to the clear discrepancy between perceived risks and safeguarding measures. More research may also need to be conducted around this area to determine appropriate methodology to explore this topic further. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health "> health </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=how%20safe%20are%20we" title=" how safe are we "> how safe are we </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20health%20check" title=" internet health check"> internet health check</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92512/internet-health-a-cross-sectional-survey-exploring-identified-risks-and-online-safety-measures-in-parent-and-children-with-neurodevelopmental-disorders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Highly Efficient Iron Oxide-Sulfonated Graphene Oxide Catalyst for Esterification and Trans-Esterification Reactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reena%20D.%20Souza">Reena D. Souza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tripti%20Vats"> Tripti Vats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20F.%20Siril"> Prem F. Siril</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Esterification of free fatty acid (oleic acid) and transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with ethanol over graphene oxide (GO), GO-Fe2O3, sulfonated GO (GO-SO3H), and Fe2O3/GO-SO3H catalysts were examined in the present study. Iron oxide supported graphene-based acid catalyst (Fe2O3/GO-SO3H) exhibited highest catalytic activity. GO was prepared by modified Hummer’s process. The GO-Fe2O3 nanocomposites were prepared by the addition of NaOH to a solution containing GO and FeCl3. Sulfonation was done using concentrated sulfuric acid. Transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging revealed the presence of Fe2O3 particles having size in the range of 50-200 nm. Crystal structure was analyzed by XRD and defect states of graphene were characterized using Raman spectroscopy. The effects of the reaction variables such as catalyst loading, ethanol to acid ratio, reaction time and temperature on the conversion of fatty acids were studied. The optimum conditions for the esterification process were molar ratio of alcohol to oleic acid at 12:1 with 5 wt% of Fe2O3/GO-SO3H at 1000C with a reaction time of 4h yielding 99% of ethyl oleate. This is because metal oxide supported solid acid catalysts have advantages of having both strong Brønsted as well as Lewis acid properties. The biodiesel obtained by transesterification of WCO was characterized by 1H NMR and Gas Chromatography techniques. XRD patterns of the recycled catalyst evidenced that the catalyst structure was unchanged up to the 5th cycle, which indicated the long life of the catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%E2%82%82O%E2%82%83%2FGO-SO%E2%82%83H" title="Fe₂O₃/GO-SO₃H">Fe₂O₃/GO-SO₃H</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graphene%20Oxide" title=" Graphene Oxide"> Graphene Oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GO-Fe%E2%82%82O%E2%82%83" title=" GO-Fe₂O₃"> GO-Fe₂O₃</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GO-SO%E2%82%83H" title=" GO-SO₃H"> GO-SO₃H</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WCO" title=" WCO"> WCO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58728/highly-efficient-iron-oxide-sulfonated-graphene-oxide-catalyst-for-esterification-and-trans-esterification-reactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Randomized Controlled Study of the Antipyretic Efficacy of Oral Paracetamol, Intravenous Paracetamol, and Intramuscular Diclofenac</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firjeeth%20C.%20Paramba">Firjeeth C. Paramba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vamanjore%20A.%20Naushad"> Vamanjore A. Naushad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nishan%20K.%20Purayil"> Nishan K. Purayil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20H.%20Mohammed"> Osama H. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Chandra"> Prem Chandra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Fever is a common problem in adults visiting the emergency department. Extensive studies have been done in children comparing the efficacy of various antipyretics. However, studies on the efficacy of antipyretic drugs in adults are very scarce. To the best of our knowledge, no controlled trial has been carried out comparing the antipyretic efficacy of paracetamol (oral and intravenous) and intramuscular diclofenac in adults. Methods: In this parallel-group, open-label trial, participants aged 14–75 years presenting with fever who had a temperature of more than 38.5°C were enrolled and treated. Participants were randomly allocated to receive treatment with 1,000 mg oral paracetamol (n=145), 1,000 mg intravenous paracetamol (n=139), or 75 mg intramuscular diclofenac (n=150). The primary outcome was degree of reduction in mean oral temperature at 90 minutes. The efficacy of diclofenac versus oral and intravenous paracetamol was assessed by superiority comparison. Analysis was done using intention to treat principles. Results: After 90 minutes, all three groups showed a significant reduction in mean temperature, with intramuscular diclofenac showing the greatest reduction (−1.44 ± 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.4 to −2.5) and oral paracetamol the least (−1.08 ± 0.51, 95% CI −0.99 to −2.2). After 120 minutes, there was a significant difference observed in the mean change from baseline temperature between the three treatment groups (P, 0.0001). Significant changes in temperature were observed in favor of intramuscular diclofenac over oral and intravenous paracetamol at each time point from 60 minutes through 120 minutes inclusive. Conclusion: Both intramuscular diclofenac and intravenous paracetamol showed superior antipyretic activity than oral paracetamol. However, in view of its ease of administration, intramuscular diclofenac can be used as a first-choice antipyretic in febrile adults in the emergency department. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antipyretic" title="antipyretic">antipyretic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intramuscular" title=" intramuscular"> intramuscular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intravenous" title=" intravenous"> intravenous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paracetamol" title=" paracetamol"> paracetamol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diclofenac" title=" diclofenac"> diclofenac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20department" title=" emergency department"> emergency department</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2346/randomized-controlled-study-of-the-antipyretic-efficacy-of-oral-paracetamol-intravenous-paracetamol-and-intramuscular-diclofenac" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> An Analytical Study on the Effect of Chronic Liver Disease Severity and Etiology on Lipid Profiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thinakar%20Mani%20Balusamy">Thinakar Mani Balusamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkateswaran%20A.%20R."> Venkateswaran A. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Narasimhan"> Bharat Narasimhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratnakar%20Kini%20S."> Ratnakar Kini S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kani%20Sheikh%20M."> Kani Sheikh M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Kumar%20K."> Prem Kumar K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pugazhendi%20Thangavelu"> Pugazhendi Thangavelu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Murugan"> Arun Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibi%20Thooran%20Karmegam"> Sibi Thooran Karmegam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radhakrishnan%20N."> Radhakrishnan N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Noufal"> Mohammed Noufal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Soni"> Amit Soni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aims: The liver is integral to lipid metabolism, and a compromise in its function leads to perturbations in these pathways. In this study, we hope to determine the correlation between CLD severity and its effect on lipid parameters. We also look at the etiology-specific effects on lipid levels. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 250 patients with cirrhosis compared to 250 healthy age and sex-matched controls. Severity assessment of CLD using MELD and Child-Pugh scores was performed and etiological details collected. A questionnaire was used to obtain patient demographic details and lastly, a fasting lipid profile (Total, LDL, HDL cholesterol, Triglycerides and VLDL) was obtained. Results: All components of the lipid profile declined linearly with increasing severity of CLD as determined by MELD and Child-Pugh scores. Lipid levels were clearly lower in CLD patients as compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, preliminary analysis indicated that CLD of different etiologies had differential effects on Lipid profiles. This aspect is under further analysis. Conclusion: All components of the lipid profile were definitely lower in CLD patients as compared to controls and demonstrated an inverse correlation with increasing severity. The utilization of this parameter as a prognosticating aid requires further study. Additionally, preliminary analysis indicates that various CLD etiologies appear to have specific effects on the lipid profile – a finding under further analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CLD" title="CLD">CLD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholesterol" title=" cholesterol"> cholesterol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HDL" title=" HDL"> HDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDL" title=" LDL"> LDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20profile" title=" lipid profile"> lipid profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triglycerides" title=" triglycerides"> triglycerides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VLDL" title=" VLDL"> VLDL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81615/an-analytical-study-on-the-effect-of-chronic-liver-disease-severity-and-etiology-on-lipid-profiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Early Gastric Cancer Prediction from Diet and Epidemiological Data Using Machine Learning in Mizoram Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brindha%20Senthil%20Kumar">Brindha Senthil Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payel%20Chakraborty"> Payel Chakraborty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Senthil%20Kumar%20Nachimuthu"> Senthil Kumar Nachimuthu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arindam%20Maitra"> Arindam Maitra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Nath"> Prem Nath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gastric cancer is predominantly caused by demographic and diet factors as compared to other cancer types. The aim of the study is to predict Early Gastric Cancer (ECG) from diet and lifestyle factors using supervised machine learning algorithms. For this study, 160 healthy individual and 80 cases were selected who had been followed for 3 years (2016-2019), at Civil Hospital, Aizawl, Mizoram. A dataset containing 11 features that are core risk factors for the gastric cancer were extracted. Supervised machine algorithms: Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer perceptron, and Random Forest were used to analyze the dataset using Python Jupyter Notebook Version 3. The obtained classified results had been evaluated using metrics parameters: minimum_false_positives, brier_score, accuracy, precision, recall, F1_score, and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve. Data analysis results showed Naive Bayes - 88, 0.11; Random Forest - 83, 0.16; SVM - 77, 0.22; Logistic Regression - 75, 0.25 and Multilayer perceptron - 72, 0.27 with respect to accuracy and brier_score in percent. Naive Bayes algorithm out performs with very low false positive rates as well as brier_score and good accuracy. Naive Bayes algorithm classification results in predicting ECG showed very satisfactory results using only diet cum lifestyle factors which will be very helpful for the physicians to educate the patients and public, thereby mortality of gastric cancer can be reduced/avoided with this knowledge mining work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Early%20Gastric%20cancer" title="Early Gastric cancer">Early Gastric cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Machine%20Learning" title=" Machine Learning"> Machine Learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diet" title=" Diet"> Diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lifestyle%20Characteristics" title=" Lifestyle Characteristics"> Lifestyle Characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124173/early-gastric-cancer-prediction-from-diet-and-epidemiological-data-using-machine-learning-in-mizoram-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Community Activism for Sustainable Forest Management in Nepal: Lessons fromTarpakha Community Forest</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Bahadur%20Giri">Prem Bahadur Giri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nationalization of forests during the early 1960s had become counterproductive for the conservation of forests in Nepal. Realizing this fact, the Government of Nepal initiated a paradigm shift from a government-controlled forestry system to people’s direct participation in managing forestry, conceptualizing a community forest approach in the early 1980s. The community forestry approach is expected to promote sustainable forest management, restoring degraded forests to enhance the forest condition on the one hand, and on the other, improvement of livelihoods, particularly of low-income people and forest-dependent communities, as well as promoting community ownership of a forest. As a result, the establishment of community forests started and had taken faster momentum in Nepal. Of the total land in Nepal, forest occupies 6.5 million hectares which are around 45 percent of the forest area. Of the total forest area, 1.8 million hectares have been handed over to community management. A total of 19,361 ‘community forest users groups’ are already created to manage the community forest. To streamline the governance of community forests, the enactment of ‘The Forest Act 1993’ provides a clear legal basis for managing community forests in Nepal. This article is based on an in-depth study taking the case of Tarpakha Community Forest (TCF) located in Siranchok Rural Municipality of Gorkha District in Nepal. It mainly discusses the extent to which the TCF is able to achieve the twin objectives of this community forest for catalyzing socio-economic improvement of the targeted community and conservation of the forest. The primary information was generated through in-depth interviews along with group discussions with members, the management committee, and other relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that there is a significant improvement in the regeneration of the forest and also changes in the socio-economic status of the local community. However, coordination with local municipalities and forest governing entities is still weak. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20benefit" title=" socio-economic benefit"> socio-economic benefit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20forest%20management" title=" sustainable forest management"> sustainable forest management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160129/community-activism-for-sustainable-forest-management-in-nepal-lessons-fromtarpakha-community-forest" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> The Construction and Representation of Muslim Identity in Bollywood Commercial Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abonti%20Mehtaz">Abonti Mehtaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The utmost controversial issue that Bollywood movies deal with is religious conflicts and the representation of Islam and or Muslims. The main objective of this paper is to examine that, how Muslim identity is constructed in Bollywood commercial films through the representation of Muslims and/or Islam. Two hypotheses are developed for this study, i.e., (1) Bollywood commercial films often portray the stereotypical image of Muslims. (2) The portrayal of Muslims and Islam in Bollywood commercial films is often negative. (3) Bollywood commercial films frequently construct a wrong and fake identity of Muslims through an inappropriate representation of Muslims and Islam. This study employs qualitative research techniques. To examine the hypotheses of this paper, 10 Bollywood commercial films produced in between 2000-2018 are selected purposively such as Fiza (2000), Gadar: Ek Prem Katha (2001), Company (2002), Aamir (2008), Kurbaan (2009), Anwar (2010), My name is Khan (2010), Raanjhanaa (2013), Omerta (2017) and Pari (2018). By conducting textual analyses of the above mentioned Bollywood commercial films, this paper focuses on different approaches of Muslim identity and their construction as well as representation in Bollywood commercial films in the light of scholarly work in film and cultural studies. Though 10 Bollywood commercial films are selected for contextual analysis, other Bollywood films by other directors are also mentioned in order to establish the hypotheses of this study. Framing theory is used to analyze the media contents. Findings of this study show that all hypotheses are accepted. Bollywood commercial films continually represent Islam and Muslims in incorrect ways and by doing so Bollywood commercial films construct a fallacious Muslim identity. Though the sample size of contents can be considered as a limitation of this study, the findings of the study reveal that how Bollywood commercial film is setting agenda to manipulate the image of Muslims and Islam not only in India but all over the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bollywood%20commercial%20films" title="Bollywood commercial films">Bollywood commercial films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslim%20identity" title=" Muslim identity"> Muslim identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=misrepresentation" title=" misrepresentation"> misrepresentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation" title=" representation"> representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotypical" title=" stereotypical"> stereotypical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107191/the-construction-and-representation-of-muslim-identity-in-bollywood-commercial-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Role of Endotherapy vs Surgery in the Management of Traumatic Pancreatic Injury: A Tertiary Center Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thinakar%20Mani%20Balusamy">Thinakar Mani Balusamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratnakar%20S.%20Kini"> Ratnakar S. Kini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Narasimhan"> Bharat Narasimhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkateswaran%20A.%20R"> Venkateswaran A. R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pugazhendi%20Thangavelu"> Pugazhendi Thangavelu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Ali"> Mohammed Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Kumar%20%20K."> Prem Kumar K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kani%20Sheikh%20M."> Kani Sheikh M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibi%20Thooran%20Karmegam"> Sibi Thooran Karmegam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radhakrishnan%20N."> Radhakrishnan N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Noufal"> Mohammed Noufal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Pancreatic injury remains a complicated condition requiring an individualized case by case approach to management. In this study, we aim to analyze the varied presentations and treatment outcomes of traumatic pancreatic injury in a tertiary care center. Methods: All consecutive patients hospitalized at our center with traumatic pancreatic injury between 2013 and 2017 were included. The American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification was used to stratify patients into five grades of severity. Outcome parameters were then analyzed based on the treatment modality employed. Results: Of the 35 patients analyzed, 26 had an underlying blunt trauma with the remaining nine presenting due to penetrating injury. Overall in-hospital mortality was 28%. 19 of these patients underwent exploratory laparotomy with the remaining 16 managed nonoperatively. Nine patients had a severe injury ( > grade 3) – of which four underwent endotherapy, three had stents placed and one underwent an endoscopic pseudocyst drainage. Among those managed nonoperatively, three underwent a radiological drainage procedure. Conclusion: Mortality rates were clearly higher in patients managed operatively. This is likely a result of significantly higher degrees of major associated non-pancreatic injuries and not just a reflection of surgical morbidity. Despite this, surgical management remains the mainstay of therapy, especially in higher grades of pancreatic injury. However we would like to emphasize that endoscopic intervention definitely remains the preferred treatment modality when the clinical setting permits. This is especially applicable in cases of main pancreatic duct injury with ascites as well as pseudocysts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endotherapy" title="endotherapy">endotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-operative%20management" title=" non-operative management"> non-operative management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgery" title=" surgery"> surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traumatic%20pancreatic%20injury" title=" traumatic pancreatic injury"> traumatic pancreatic injury</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81489/role-of-endotherapy-vs-surgery-in-the-management-of-traumatic-pancreatic-injury-a-tertiary-center-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Community Activism for Sustainable Forest Management in Nepal: Lessons fromTarpakha Community Forest Siranchok, Gorkha</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Bahadur%20Giri">Prem Bahadur Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trilochana%20Pokhrel"> Trilochana Pokhrel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nationalization of forest during early 1960s had become a counterproductive for the conservation of forest in Nepal. Realizing this fact, the Government of Nepal initiated a paradigm shift from government-controlled forestry system to people’s direct participation for managing forestry, conceptualizing community forest approach in the early 1980s. The community forestry approach is expected to promote sustainable forest management, restoring degraded forests for enhancing the forest condition on one hand, and on the other, improvement of livelihoods, particularly of low-income people and forest dependent communities, as well as promoting community ownership to forest. As a result, establishment of community forests started and had taken faster momentum in Nepal. Of the total land in Nepal, forest occupies 6.5 million hectares which is around 45 percent of the forest area. Of the total forest area 1.8 million hectarehas been handed-over to community management. A total of 19,361 ‘community forest users groups’ are already created to manage the community forest.Tostreamlinethe governance of community forest, the enactment of ‘Forest Act 1993’ provides a clear legal basis for managing community forest in Nepal. This article is based on an in-depth study taking a case of Tarpakha Community Forest (TCF) located in Siranchok Rural Municipality of Gorkha District in Nepal. It mainly discusses on to extent the TCF able to achieve twin objectives of this community forest for catalyzing socio-economic improvement of the targeted community and conservation of forest. The primary information was generated through in-depth interviews along with group discussion with members, management committee, and other relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that there is significant improvement of regeneration of forest and also changes in the socio-economic status of local community. However, coordination with local municipality and forest governing entities is still weak. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nepal" title=" nepal"> nepal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20%20benefit" title=" socio-economic benefit"> socio-economic benefit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20forest%20management" title=" sustainable forest management"> sustainable forest management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172566/community-activism-for-sustainable-forest-management-in-nepal-lessons-fromtarpakha-community-forest-siranchok-gorkha" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Modified Norhaya Upper Limp Elevation Sling-Quick Approach Ensuring Timely Limb Elevation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem">Prem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhaya"> Norhaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vwrene%20C."> Vwrene C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Harris%20A."> Mohammad Harris A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amarjit"> Amarjit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazir%20M."> Fazir M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Upper limb surgery is a common orthopedic procedure. After surgery, it is necessary to raise the patient's arm to reduce limb swelling and promote recovery. After an injury or surgery, swelling (edema) in the limbs is common. This swelling can be painful, cause stiffness, and affect movement and ability to do daily activities. One of the easiest ways to manage swelling is to elevate the swollen limb. The goal is to elevate the swollen limb slightly above the level of the heart. This helps the extra fluid move back towards the heart for circulation to the rest of the body. Conventional arm sling or pillows are usually placed under the arm to raise it, but in this way the arm cannot be fixed well and easily slide down, without ideal raising effect. Conventional arm sling need experience to tie the sling and this delay in the application process. To reduce the waiting time and cost, modified Norhaya upper limb elevation sling was designed and made readily available. The sling is made from calico fabric, readily available in the ward. Measurements of patients’ arm lengths are obtained, and fabric sizes are cut into the average arm lengths, as well as 1 size above and below. The cut calico fabric is then sewn together with thick sewing threads. Its application is easy and junior most staff or doctor will be able to apply it on patient. The time taken to set up the sling is also reduced. Feedback gathered from ground staff regarding ease of setting up the sling was tremendous and patient also feel comfort in the modified Norhaya sling. The device can freely adjust the raising height of the affected limb and effectively fix the affected limb to reduce its swelling, thus promoting recovery. This device is worthy to be clinically popularized and applied. The Modified Norhaya upper limb elevation sling is the quickest to set up and the delay in elevating the patient’s hand is significantly reduced. Moreover, it is reproducible and there is also significant cost savings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevate" title="elevate">elevate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective" title=" effective"> effective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sling" title=" sling"> sling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timely" title=" timely"> timely</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143399/modified-norhaya-upper-limp-elevation-sling-quick-approach-ensuring-timely-limb-elevation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Formulation and Evaluation of Antioxidant Cream Containing Nepalese Medicinal Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajaya%20Acharya">Ajaya Acharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Narayan%20Paudel"> Prem Narayan Paudel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajendra%20Gyawali"> Rajendra Gyawali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to strong tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant effects, green tea and Licorice are valuable in cosmetics for the skin. However, data on the addition of essential oils to green tea and Licorice in cream formulation to examine antioxidant activities are limited. The purpose of this study was to develop and assess a phytocosmetic cream’s antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory characteristics using crude aqueous extracts of green tea, Licorice, and loaded with essential oils. To load the best concentration on cream formulations, plant aqueous extracts were designed, evaluated, and correlated in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. Moreover, o. tenuiflorum and o. basilicum essential oils were extracted and added to a cream formulation. The spreadability profile, water washability, centrifugation test, and organoleptic characteristics of formulated oil in water cream were all satisfactory. The cream exhibited a non-Newtonian rheological profile and pH range of 6.353 ± 0.065 to 6.467±0.050 over successive 0, 1, 2, and 3 months at normal room temperature. The 50% inhibition concentrations shown by herbal cream were 13.764 ± 0.153 µg/ml, 301.445 ± 1.709 µg/ml and 8.082 ± 0.055 respectively for 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferric (Fe³⁺) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2, 2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, and that of standard ascorbic acid were 6.716 ± 0.077 µg/ml, 171.604 ± 1.551µg/ml and 5.645±0.034µg/ml which showed formulated cream had strong antioxidant characteristics. The formulated herbal cream with a 50% tyrosinase inhibition concentration of 22.254 ± 0.369µg/ml compared to standard Kojic acid 12.535 ± 0.098µg/ml demonstrated a satisfactory tyrosinase inhibition profile for skin whitening property. Herbal cream was reportedly stable in physical and chemical parameters for successive 0, 1, 2, and 3 months at both real and accelerated time study zones, according to obtained stability study results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20extracts" title="crude extracts">crude extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tyrosinase%20inhibition" title=" tyrosinase inhibition"> tyrosinase inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20tea%20polyphenols" title=" green tea polyphenols"> green tea polyphenols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190613/formulation-and-evaluation-of-antioxidant-cream-containing-nepalese-medicinal-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Prospects of Agroforestry Products in the Emergency Situation: A Case Study of Earthquake of 2015 in Central Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raju%20Chhetri">Raju Chhetri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agroforestry is one of the main sources of livelihood among the people of Nepal. In particular, this is the only one mode of livelihood among the Chepangs. The monster earthquake (7.3 MW) that hit the country on the 25th of April in 2015 and many of its aftershocks had devastating effects. As a result, not only the big structures collapsed, it incurred great losses on fabrication, collection centers, schools, markets and other necessary service centers. Although there were a large number of aftershocks after the monster earthquake, the most devastating aftershock took place on 12th May, 2015, which measured 6.3 richter scale. Consequently, it caused more destruction of houses, further calamity to the lives of people, and public life got further perdition. This study was mainly carried out to find out the food security and market situation of Agroforestry product of the Chepang community in Raksirang VDC (one of the severely affected VDCs of Makwanpur district) due to the earthquake. A total of 40 households (12 percent) were randomly selected as a sample in ward number 7 only. Questionnaires and focus groups were used to gather primary data. Additional, two Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were convened in the study area to get some descriptive information on this study. Estimated 370 hectares of land, which was full of Agroforestry plantation, ruptured by the earthquake. It caused severe damages to the households, and a serious loss of food-stock, up to 60-80 percent (maize, millet, and rice). Instead of regular cereal intake, banana (Muas Paradisca) consumption was found ‘high scale’ in the emergency period. The market price of rice (37-44 NRS/Kg) increased by 18.9 percent. Some difference in the income range before and after the earthquake was observed. Before earthquake, sale of Agroforestry, and livestock products were continuing, but after the earthquake, Agroforestry product sale is the only one means of livelihood among Chepangs. Nearly 50-60 percent Agroforestry production of banana (Mass Paradisca), citrus (Citrus Lemon), pineapple (Ananus comosus) and broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima) declined, excepting for cash income from the residual. Heavy demands of Agroforestry product mentioned above lay high farm gate prices (50-100 percent) helps surveyed the community to continue livelihood from its sale. Out of the survey samples, 30 households (75 percent) respondents migrated to safe location due to land rupture, ongoing aftershocks, and landslides. Overall food security situation in this community is acute and challenging for the days to come. Immediate and long term both response from a relief agency concerning food, shelter and safe stocking of Agroforestry product is required to keep secured livelihood in Chepang community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rupture" title=" rupture"> rupture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agroforestry" title=" agroforestry"> agroforestry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood" title=" livelihood"> livelihood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous" title=" indigenous"> indigenous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40326/prospects-of-agroforestry-products-in-the-emergency-situation-a-case-study-of-earthquake-of-2015-in-central-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Understanding of Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Diabetic Rats Treated with Andrographis paniculata and Erythrina indica Methanol Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chakrapani%20Pullagummi">Chakrapani Pullagummi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Jyothi%20Bheemagani"> Arun Jyothi Bheemagani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Chandra%20Sekhar%20Singh"> B. Chandra Sekhar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Kumar"> Prem Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Roja%20Rani"> A. Roja Rani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion and its action. The objective of present study was alloxan induced diabetes in S.D (Sprague Dawley) rats, treated with leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata and bark extract of Erythrina indica. Plant extract treated rats were analyzed biochemically and molecularly. on normal and diabetic rats. The changes in MDA (lipid peroxidation) and glucose (by GOD method) levels in blood of both normal and diabetic rat were analyzed. Diabetes induced rats were treated with methanolic extracts of Andrographis paniculata leaf and Erythrina indica bark which are of medicinal importance. Later after inducing diabetes the rats were treated with medicinal plant extracts, Andrographis paniculata leaf and Erythrina indica bark which are well known for their anti diabetic and antioxidative property in order to control the glucose and MDA levels. The blood plasma of diabetic and normal rats was analyzed for the levels of MDA (lipid peroxidation) and glucose levels. Results of this study suggested that the Andrographis paniculata leaf and Erythrina indica can be used as a potential natural antidiabetic agent for treating and postponing the appearance of complications that arise due to Diabetes. Molecular study deals with the analysis of binding mechanism of 2 selected natural compounds from Andrographis and Erythrina extracts against the novel target for type T2D namely PPAR-γ compared with Rosiglitazone (standard compound). The results revealed that most of the selected herbal lead compounds were effective targets against the receptors. These compounds showed favorable interactions with the amino acid residues thereby substantiating their proven efficacy as anti-diabetic compounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=andrographis%20paniculata" title="andrographis paniculata">andrographis paniculata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erythrina%20indica" title=" erythrina indica"> erythrina indica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alloxan" title=" alloxan"> alloxan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20peroxidation" title=" lipid peroxidation"> lipid peroxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20glucose%20level" title=" blood glucose level"> blood glucose level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PPAR-%CE%B3" title=" PPAR-γ"> PPAR-γ</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11907/the-understanding-of-biochemical-and-molecular-analysis-of-diabetic-rats-treated-with-andrographis-paniculata-and-erythrina-indica-methanol-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Association Between Renewable Energy and Community Forest User Group: A Case of Siranchowk Rural Municipality, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Bahadur%20Giri">Prem Bahadur Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MathineeYucharoen"> MathineeYucharoen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Community forest user groups (CFUGs) have been the core stone of forest management efforts in Nepal. Due to the lack of a smooth transition into the local governance structure in 2017, policy instruments have not been effectively cascaded to the local level, creating ambiguity and inconsistency in forest governance. Descriptive mixed-method research was performed with community users and stakeholders of the Tarpakha community forest, Siranchowk Rural Municipality, to understand the role of the political economy in CFUG management. The household survey was conducted among 100 households (who also are existing members of the Tarpakha CFUG) to understand and document their energy consumption preferences and practices. Likewise, ten key informant interviews and five focus group discussions with the municipality and forest management officials were also conducted to have a wider overview of the factors and political, socio-economic, and religious contexts behind the utilization of renewable energy for sustainable development. Findings from our study suggest that only 3% of households use biogas as their main source of energy. The rest of the households mention liquid petroleum gas (LPG), electricity, and firewood as major sources of energy for domestic purposes. Community members highlighted the difficulty in accessing firewood due to strict regulations from the CFUG, lack of cattle and manpower to rear cattle to produce cow dung (for biogas), and lack of technical expertise at the community level for the operation and maintenance of solar energy, among others as challenges of the resource. Likewise, key informants have mentioned policy loopholes at both the federal and local levels, especially with regard to the promotion of alternative or renewable energy, as there are no clear mandates and provisions to regulate the renewable energy industry. The study recommends doing an in-depth study on the feasibility of renewable energy sources, especially in the context of CFUGs, where biodiversity conservation aspects need to be equally taken into consideration while thinking of the promotion and expansion of renewable energy sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forest" title="community forest">community forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193154/association-between-renewable-energy-and-community-forest-user-group-a-case-of-siranchowk-rural-municipality-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Assessing the Influence of Chinese Stock Market on Indian Stock Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somnath%20Mukhuti">Somnath Mukhuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Kumar%20Ghosh"> Prem Kumar Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and significance of the study Indian stock market has undergone sudden changes after the current China crisis in terms of turnover, market capitalization, share prices, etc. The average returns on equity investment in both markets have more than three and half times after global financial crisis owing to the development of industrial activity, corporate sectors development, enhancement in global consumption, change of global financial association and fewer imports from developed countries. But the economic policies of both the economies are far different, that is to say, where Indian economy maintaining a conservative policy, Chinese economy maintaining an aggressive policy. Besides this, Chinese economy recently lowering its currency for increasing mysterious growth but Indian does not. But on August 24, 2015 Indian stock market and world stock markets were fall down due to the reason of Chinese stock market. Keeping in view of the above, this study seeks to examine the influence of Chinese stock on Indian stock market. Methodology This research work is based on daily time series data obtained from yahoo finance database between 2009 (April 1) to 2015 (September 28). This study is based on two important stock markets, that is, Indian stock market (Bombay Stock Exchange) and Chinese stock market (Shanghai Stock Exchange). In the course of analysis, the daily raw data were converted into natural logarithm for minimizing the problem of heteroskedasticity. While tackling the issue, correlation statistics, ADF and PP unit root test, bivariate cointegration test and causality test were used. Major findings Correlation statistics show that both stock markets are associated positively. Both ADF and PP unit root test results demonstrate that the time series data were not normal and were not stationary at level however stationary at 1st difference. The bivariate cointegration test results indicate that the Indian stock market was associated with Chinese stock market in the long-run. The Granger causality test illustrates there was a unidirectional causality between Indian stock market and Chinese stock market. Concluding statement The empirical results recommend that India’s stock market was not very much dependent on Chinese stock market because of Indian economic conservative policies. Nevertheless, Indian stock market might be sturdy if Indian economic policies are changed slightly and if increases the portfolio investment with Chinese economy. Indian economy might be a third largest economy in 2030 if India increases its portfolio investment and trade relations with both Chinese economy and US economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20stock%20market" title="Indian stock market">Indian stock market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China%20stock%20market" title=" China stock market"> China stock market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bivariate%20cointegration" title=" bivariate cointegration"> bivariate cointegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality%20test" title=" causality test"> causality test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39713/assessing-the-influence-of-chinese-stock-market-on-indian-stock-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Incidence and Molecular Mechanism of Human Pathogenic Bacterial Interaction with Phylloplane of Solanum lycopersicum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indu%20Gaur">Indu Gaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Bhadauria"> Neha Bhadauria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpi%20Shilpi"> Shilpi Shilpi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susmita%20Goswami"> Susmita Goswami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20D.%20Sharma"> Prem D. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabir%20K.%20Paul"> Prabir K. Paul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of organic agriculture has been accepted as novelty in Indian society, but there is no data available on the human pathogens colonizing plant parts due to such practices. Also, the pattern and mechanism of their colonization need to be understood in order to devise possible strategies for their prevention. In the present study, human pathogenic bacteria were isolated from organically grown tomato plants and five of them were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter ludwigii, Serratia fonticola, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Chryseobacterium jejuense. Tomato plants were grown in controlled aseptic conditions with 25±1˚C, 70% humidity and 12 hour L/D photoperiod. Six weeks old plants were divided into 6 groups of 25 plants each and treated as follows: Group 1: K. pneumonia, Group 2: E. ludwigii, Group 3: S. fonticola, Group 4: S. maltophilia, Group 5: C. jejuense, Group 6: Sterile distilled water (control). The inoculums for all treatments were prepared by overnight growth with uniform concentration of 108 cells/ml. Leaf samples from above groups were collected at 0.5, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours post inoculation for the colony forming unit counts (CFU/cm2 of leaf area) of individual pathogens using leaf impression method. These CFU counts were used for the in vivo colonization assay and adherence assay of individual pathogens. Also, resistance of these pathogens to at least 12 antibiotics was studied. Based on these findings S. fonticola was found to be most prominently colonizing the phylloplane of tomato and was further studied. Tomato plants grown in controlled aseptic conditions same as mentioned above were divided into 2 groups of 25 plants each and treated as follows: Group 1: S. fonticola, Group 2: Sterile distilled water (control). Leaf samples from above groups were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post inoculation and homogenized in suitable buffers for surface and cell wall protein isolation. Protein samples thus obtained were subjected to isocratic SDS-gel electrophoresis and analyzed. It was observed that presence of S. fonticola could induce the expression of at least 3 additional cell wall proteins at different time intervals. Surface proteins also showed variation in the expression pattern at different sampling intervals. Further identification of these proteins by MALDI-MS and bioinformatics tools revealed the gene(s) involved in the interaction of S. fonticola with tomato phylloplane. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20wall%20proteins" title="cell wall proteins">cell wall proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20pathogenic%20bacteria" title=" human pathogenic bacteria"> human pathogenic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylloplane" title=" phylloplane"> phylloplane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solanum%20lycopersicum" title=" solanum lycopersicum"> solanum lycopersicum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60907/incidence-and-molecular-mechanism-of-human-pathogenic-bacterial-interaction-with-phylloplane-of-solanum-lycopersicum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Controlled Drug Delivery System for Delivery of Poor Water Soluble Drugs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Kumar">Raj Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Felix%20Siril"> Prem Felix Siril</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The poor aqueous solubility of many pharmaceutical drugs and potential drug candidates is a big challenge in drug development. Nanoformulation of such candidates is one of the major solutions for the delivery of such drugs. We initially developed the evaporation assisted solvent-antisolvent interaction (EASAI) method. EASAI method is use full to prepared nanoparticles of poor water soluble drugs with spherical morphology and particles size below 100 nm. However, to further improve the effect formulation to reduce number of dose and side effect it is important to control the delivery of drugs. However, many drug delivery systems are available. Among the many nano-drug carrier systems, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have many advantages over the others such as high biocompatibility, stability, non-toxicity and ability to achieve controlled release of drugs and drug targeting. SLNs can be administered through all existing routes due to high biocompatibility of lipids. SLNs are usually composed of lipid, surfactant and drug were encapsulated in lipid matrix. A number of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have poor bioavailability resulting from their poor aqueous solubility. In the present work, SLNs loaded with NSAIDs such as Nabumetone (NBT), Ketoprofen (KP) and Ibuprofen (IBP) were successfully prepared using different lipids and surfactants. We studied and optimized experimental parameters using a number of lipids, surfactants and NSAIDs. The effect of different experimental parameters such as lipid to surfactant ratio, volume of water, temperature, drug concentration and sonication time on the particles size of SLNs during the preparation using hot-melt sonication was studied. It was found that particles size was directly proportional to drug concentration and inversely proportional to surfactant concentration, volume of water added and temperature of water. SLNs prepared at optimized condition were characterized thoroughly by using different techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We successfully prepared the SLN of below 220 nm using different lipids and surfactants combination. The drugs KP, NBT and IBP showed 74%, 69% and 53% percentage of entrapment efficiency with drug loading of 2%, 7% and 6% respectively in SLNs of Campul GMS 50K and Gelucire 50/13. In-vitro drug release profile of drug loaded SLNs is shown that nearly 100% of drug was release in 6 h. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title="nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delivery" title=" delivery"> delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20lipid%20nanoparticles" title=" solid lipid nanoparticles"> solid lipid nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot-melt%20sonication" title=" hot-melt sonication"> hot-melt sonication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poor%20water%20soluble%20drugs" title=" poor water soluble drugs"> poor water soluble drugs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solubility" title=" solubility"> solubility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioavailability" title=" bioavailability"> bioavailability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46151/controlled-drug-delivery-system-for-delivery-of-poor-water-soluble-drugs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Chhetri&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Chhetri&page=2" 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