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class="mw-page-title-main">Ramón Menéndez Pidal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="رامون مننديث بيدال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رامون مننديث بيدال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B8_%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BB" title="Ραμόν Μενέντεθ Πιδάλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ραμόν Μενέντεθ Πιδάλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%93%D7%9C" title="רמון מננדס פידל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רמון מננדס פידל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Рамон Менендез Пидал – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рамон Менендез Пидал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="رامون مننديث بيدال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رامون مننديث بيدال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8D%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB" title="ラモン・メネンデス・ピダル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラモン・メネンデス・ピダル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Менендес Пидаль, Рамон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Менендес Пидаль, Рамон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Рамон Менендез Пидал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рамон Менендез Пидал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ramón Menéndez Pidal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рамон Менендес Підаль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рамон Менендес Підаль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%AB%A9%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94" title="拉蒙·梅嫩德斯·皮达尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉蒙·梅嫩德斯·皮达尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q381953#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="View the content page [c]" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For film director, see <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez" title="Ramón Menéndez">Ramón Menéndez</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Menéndez</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Pidal</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ramón Menéndez Pidal</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal_01.jpg/220px-Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal_01.jpg/330px-Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal_01.jpg/440px-Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="824" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1869-03-13</span>)</span>13 March 1869<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, Spain</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 November 1968<span style="display:none">(1968-11-14)</span> (aged 99)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Spanish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data">Complutense University of Madrid</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Seat <i>b</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Española">Real Academia Española</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 October 1902 – 14 November 1968</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Balaguer_i_Cirera" title="Víctor Balaguer i Cirera">Víctor Balaguer i Cirera</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Enrique_y_Taranc%C3%B3n" title="Vicente Enrique y Tarancón">Vicente Enrique y Tarancón</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Director of the <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Española">Real Academia Española</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 December 1925 – 1939</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Maura" title="Antonio Maura">Antonio Maura</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pem%C3%A1n" title="José María Pemán">José María Pemán</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />4 December 1947 – 14 November 1968</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pem%C3%A1n" title="José María Pemán">José María Pemán</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicente_Garc%C3%ADa_de_Diego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicente García de Diego (page does not exist)">Vicente García de Diego</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Garc%C3%ADa_de_Diego" class="extiw" title="es:Vicente García de Diego">es</a>]</span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ramón Menéndez Pidal</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[raˈmom<span class="wrap"> </span>meˈnendeθ<span class="wrap"> </span>piˈðal]</a></span>; 13 March 1869 – 14 November 1968) was a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Philologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a> and historian.<sup id="cite_ref-gale_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gale-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked extensively on the history of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a> and Spanish <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> and folk poetry. One of his main topics was the history and legend of <a href="/wiki/El_Cid" title="El Cid">El Cid</a>. He was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in 26 separate years,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the most nominations of any other person. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Menéndez Pidal was born in <a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-gale02_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gale02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Juan Menéndez Fernández, was a <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">magistrate</a> from <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>. His mother was Ramona Pidal, also an Asturian. His older brother, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Juan Menéndez Pidal">Juan Menéndez Pidal</a>, whom he outlived by more than fifty years, was also a literary scholar of the folk poetry of Asturias. Another older brother, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" title="Luis Menéndez Pidal">Luis Menéndez Pidal</a>, was a realist painter and professor of art history. </p><p>He studied at the <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">University of Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gale02_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gale02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1899 he was appointed chair in <a href="/wiki/Romance_studies" title="Romance studies">Romance studies</a> in the same university, a position that he held until his retirement in 1939. In 1900 he married <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Goyri_de_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal" class="mw-redirect" title="María Goyri de Menéndez Pidal">María Goyri</a>, who in 1896 became the first Spanish woman to receive a degree in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a> and later, in 1909, became the first woman to attain a non-medical doctorate at a Spanish university. They spent their honeymoon retracing the geographic locales of the <i>Poem of the Cid</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Cantar_de_Mio_Cid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantar de Mio Cid">Cantar de Mio Cid</a></i>). </p><p>Menéndez Pidal was elected to the Spanish Royal Academy (<a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Española">Real Academia Española</a>) in 1901 and was elected director in 1925. However, he resigned in 1939 under pressure from academics who wanted a director more acceptable to the Franco regime. While neither Menéndez Pidal or his wife took an anti-Franco position, the authories were suspicious of María Goyri's liberal views. In December 1947 he was re-elected director unanimously, and he held the position for the rest of his life. </p><p>In 1910, he became the head of the philology section at the Centro de Estudios Históricos (Center for Historical Studies), a division of the liberal and Europe-oriented <a href="/w/index.php?title=Junta_para_Ampliaci%C3%B3n_de_Estudios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junta para Ampliación de Estudios (page does not exist)">Junta para Ampliación de Estudios</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junta_para_Ampliaci%C3%B3n_de_Estudios" class="extiw" title="es:Junta para Ampliación de Estudios">es</a>]</span>, which also had sections devoted to medicine, physics, chemistry, and mathematics.<sup id="cite_ref-gale02_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gale02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1914 the Centro founded the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Revista_de_Filolog%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Revista de Filología Española">Revista de Filología Española</a></i></span> (<i>Journal of Spanish Philology</i>), which would become the premier scholarly journal in the fields of linguistics and Medieval and Renaissance Spanish literature. </p><p>During the 1920s Menéndez Pidal published in rapid succession a series of major studies: <i>Poesía juglaresca y juglares</i> (1924) traced the development of minstrel poetry in medieval Spain. <i>Orígenes del español</i> (1926), a landmark in Romance linguistics, retraces the pre-literary phase of the Ibero-Romance dialects, and the "triumph" of Castilian. A ballad collection, designed for the general public, <i>Flor nueva de romances viejos</i> (1928) became a best seller, and includes some versions of ballads that Menéndez Pidal had authored himself. Finally, <i>La España del Cid</i> (1929) traced the career of the 11th century warrior lord, <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_D%C3%ADaz_de_Vivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar">Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar</a> ("El Cid"), in a scholarly biography of some 1000 pages. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emeric_Tauss_Torday_2013-09-09_16-35.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Emeric_Tauss_Torday_2013-09-09_16-35.png/250px-Emeric_Tauss_Torday_2013-09-09_16-35.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Emeric_Tauss_Torday_2013-09-09_16-35.png/375px-Emeric_Tauss_Torday_2013-09-09_16-35.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Emeric_Tauss_Torday_2013-09-09_16-35.png/500px-Emeric_Tauss_Torday_2013-09-09_16-35.png 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Ramón Menéndez Pidal by <a href="/wiki/Emeric_Tauss_Torday" title="Emeric Tauss Torday">Emeric Tauss Torday</a>, 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, Menéndez Pidal forcibly became an "independent scholar" and revised much of his earlier work. However, from this period is his sweeping essay "Los españoles en la Historia," a study that traces the struggle between liberals and conservatives in the entire course of Spanish history. He also summarised his findings on the ballads in <i>Romancero Hispánico: Teoría e historia</i> (1953) and applied his theory of the origins of epic poetry to French literature in <i>La Chanson de Roland y el neotradicionalismo</i> (1959). </p><p>Menéndez Pidal worked for many years on a comprehensive history of the Spanish language, which he could not complete in his lifetime; the two volumes have been published posthumously as "Historia de la lengua española" (2005). </p><p>He was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> a record 154 times, but never won. In 1956 alone, the Nobel committee received 95 nominations for Menéndez Pidal, including nominations from the Royal Spanish Academy, <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_de_la_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia de la Historia">Real Academia de la Historia</a> and a number of professors from various universities.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was an elected international member of both the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_works">Major works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GDEFAQAAIAAJ&q=Ramon+Menendez+Pidal+leyenda+lara"><i>La leyenda de los siete infantes de Lara</i> (1896)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kIa7AAAAIAAJ&q=Ramon+Menendez+Pidal+cronicas+generales"><i>Crónicas generales de España</i> (1898)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manualelementald00menuoft"><i>Manual elemental de Gramática histórica española</i> (1904)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EcA6AQAAMAAJ"><i>El dialecto leonés</i></a> (1906)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wd9eAAAAMAAJ"><i>Cantar de mio Cid: texto, gramática y vocabulario</i></a> (1908–1912)</li> <li><i>Orígenes del español</i> (1926)</li> <li><i>La España del Cid</i> (1929)</li> <li><i>La idea imperial de Carlos V</i> (1938)</li> <li><i>Reliquias de la poesía épica española</i> (1952)</li> <li><i>Romancero hispánico</i> (1953)</li> <li><i>En torno a la lengua vasca</i> (1962), collection of earlier works</li> <li><i>El padre Las Casas: su doble personalidad</i> (1963)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gale-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gale_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ramon Menendez Pidal", <i>Almanac of Famous People</i> (2011) <i>Biography in Context</i>, Gale, Detroit</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=6178">Nomination Database Ramón Menéndez Pidal</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gale02-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gale02_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gale02_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gale02_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ramon Menendez Pidal", <i>Contemporary Authors Online</i> (2003) <i>Biography in Context</i>, Gale, Detroit</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elcomercio.es/culturas/arte/donan-museo-pueblo-20181023001950-ntvo.html">"Donan al Museo del Pueblo de Asturias un retrato de Ramón Menéndez-Pidal"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/El_Comercio_(Spain)" title="El Comercio (Spain)">El Comercio</a>. 23 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donan+al+Museo+del+Pueblo+de+Asturias+un+retrato+de+Ram%C3%B3n+Men%C3%A9ndez-Pidal&rft.pub=El+Comercio&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcomercio.es%2Fculturas%2Farte%2Fdonan-museo-pueblo-20181023001950-ntvo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam%C3%B3n+Men%C3%A9ndez+Pidal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=6178">"Nomination Database"</a>. <i>www.nobelprize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Nomination+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnomination%2Farchive%2Fshow_people.php%3Fid%3D6178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam%C3%B3n+Men%C3%A9ndez+Pidal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/ramon-menendez-pidal">"Ramon Menendez Pidal"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i>. 9 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Ramon+Menendez+Pidal&rft.date=2023-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Framon-menendez-pidal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam%C3%B3n+Men%C3%A9ndez+Pidal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Ramon+Menendez+Pidal&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DRamon%2BMenendez%2BPidal%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam%C3%B3n+Men%C3%A9ndez+Pidal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram%C3%B3n_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pidal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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Menéndez Pidal</a> (1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Enrique_y_Taranc%C3%B3n" title="Vicente Enrique y Tarancón">Vicente Enrique y Tarancón</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Eliseo Álvarez-Arenas Pacheco (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_S%C3%A1enz" title="Miguel Sáenz">Miguel Sáenz</a> (2013)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Directors_of_the_Real_Academia_Española" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Directors_of_RAE" title="Template:Directors of RAE"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Directors_of_RAE" title="Template talk:Directors of RAE"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Directors_of_RAE" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Directors of RAE"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Directors_of_the_Real_Academia_Española" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Directors of the <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Española">Real Academia Española</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Pacheco,_8th_Duke_of_Escalona" title="Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco, 8th Duke of Escalona">Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco</a> (1713)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mercurio_L%C3%B3pez_Pacheco,_9th_Duke_of_Escalona" title="Mercurio López Pacheco, 9th Duke of Escalona">Mercurio López Pacheco</a> (1725)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Pacheco,_10th_Duke_of_Escalona" title="Andrés Fernández Pacheco, 10th Duke of Escalona">Andrés Fernández Pacheco</a> (1738)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_L%C3%B3pez_Pacheco,_Duke_of_Escalona" title="Juan López Pacheco, Duke of Escalona">Juan López Pacheco</a> (1746)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvajal_y_Lanc%C3%A1ster" title="José de Carvajal y Lancáster">José de Carvajal y Lancáster</a> (1751)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Silva,_12th_Duke_of_Alba" title="Fernando de Silva, 12th Duke of Alba">Fernando de Silva</a> (1754)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">José Joaquín de Silva-Bazán (1776)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Pedro de Silva y Sarmiento de Alagón (1802)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ramón Cabrera y Rubio (1814)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_de_Carvajal-Vargas,_2nd_Duke_of_San_Carlos" title="José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas, 2nd Duke of San Carlos">José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas</a> (1814)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gabriel_de_Silva-Baz%C3%A1n,_10th_Marquess_of_Santa_Cruz" title="José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán, 10th Marquess of Santa Cruz">José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán</a> (1814)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_la_Rosa" title="Francisco Martínez de la Rosa">Francisco Martínez de la Rosa</a> (1839)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Ángel de Saavedra</a> (1862)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Roca_de_Togores,_1st_Marquess_of_Molins" title="Mariano Roca de Togores, 1st Marquess of Molins">Mariano Roca de Togores</a> (1865)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Pezuela_y_Cevallos" title="Juan de la Pezuela y Cevallos">Juan de la Pezuela y Cevallos</a> (1875)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Alejandro Pidal y Mon (1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Maura" title="Antonio Maura">Antonio Maura</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ramón Menéndez Pidal</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pem%C3%A1n" title="José María Pemán">José María Pemán</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Mar%C3%ADn" title="Francisco Rodríguez Marín">Francisco Rodríguez Marín</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_As%C3%ADn_Palacios" title="Miguel Asín Palacios">Miguel Asín Palacios</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pem%C3%A1n" title="José María Pemán">José María Pemán</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ramón Menéndez Pidal</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vicente García de Diego (1965)<sup>[1]</sup></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1maso_Alonso" title="Dámaso Alonso">Dámaso Alonso</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_La%C3%ADn_Entralgo" title="Pedro Laín Entralgo">Pedro Laín Entralgo</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Lapesa" title="Rafael Lapesa">Rafael Lapesa</a> (1987)<sup>[2]</sup></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Alvar" title="Manuel Alvar">Manuel Alvar</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_L%C3%A1zaro_Carreter" title="Fernando Lázaro Carreter">Fernando Lázaro Carreter</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Garc%C3%ADa_de_la_Concha" title="Víctor García de la Concha">Víctor García de la Concha</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">José Manuel Blecua Perdices (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dar%C3%ADo_Villanueva" title="Darío Villanueva">Darío Villanueva</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Mu%C3%B1oz_Machado" title="Santiago Muñoz Machado">Santiago Muñoz Machado</a> (2019)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>[1]</sup> Accidental; <sup>[2]</sup> Interim</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381953#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381953#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381953#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118580809">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79021814">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11915573v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11915573v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00449763">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Menéndez Pidal, Ramón"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV064844">Italy</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Pidal Menendez, Ramon"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TSAV619793">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35346751">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990005602&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1020681">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/30162">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068950802">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90102837">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000043463&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000248696&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=149719">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000046788">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/c9prs3jw32lbq9f">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810569606605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/116446">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265206205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000136035">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521550706706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14224221">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01846207?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/e37376b7-843a-4c5e-a387-5b19dcd1b741">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/920360">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118580809.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118580809">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027022951">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k37s43">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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