CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: biceps brachii</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: biceps brachii"> <meta name="keywords" content="biceps brachii"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="biceps brachii" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="biceps brachii"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 41</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: biceps brachii</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Optimal Rest Interval between Sets in Robot-Based Upper-Arm Rehabilitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virgil%20Miranda">Virgil Miranda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gissele%20Mosqueda"> Gissele Mosqueda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20Delgado"> Pablo Delgado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yimesker%20Yihun"> Yimesker Yihun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Muscular fatigue affects the muscle activation that is needed for producing the desired clinical outcome. Integrating optimal muscle relaxation periods into a variety of health care rehabilitation protocols is important to maximize the efficiency of the therapy. In this study, four muscle relaxation periods (30, 60, 90, and 120 seconds) and their effectiveness in producing consistent muscle activation of the muscle biceps brachii between sets of elbow flexion and extension task was investigated among a sample of 10 subjects with no disabilities. The same resting periods were then utilized in a controlled exoskeleton-based exercise for a sample size of 5 subjects and have shown similar results. On average, the muscle activity of the biceps brachii decreased by 0.3% when rested for 30 seconds, and it increased by 1.25%, 0.76%, and 0.82% when using muscle relaxation periods of 60, 90, and 120 seconds, respectively. The preliminary results suggest that a muscle relaxation period of about 60 seconds is needed for optimal continuous muscle activation within rehabilitation regimens. Robot-based rehabilitation is good to produce repetitive tasks with the right intensity, and knowing the optimal resting period will make the automation more effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rest%20intervals" title="rest intervals">rest intervals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20biceps%20brachii" title=" muscle biceps brachii"> muscle biceps brachii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot%20rehabilitation" title=" robot rehabilitation"> robot rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20fatigue" title=" muscle fatigue"> muscle fatigue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147766/optimal-rest-interval-between-sets-in-robot-based-upper-arm-rehabilitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Electromyographic Analysis of Biceps Brachii during Golf Swing and Review of Its Impact on Return to Play Following Tendon Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Masoumiganjgah">Amin Masoumiganjgah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luke%20Salmon"> Luke Salmon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julianne%20Burnton"> Julianne Burnton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahimeh%20Bagheri"> Fahimeh Bagheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gavin%20Lenton"> Gavin Lenton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20L.%20Ezekial%20Tan"> S. L. Ezekial Tan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The incidence of proximal biceps tenodesis and acute distal biceps repair is increasing, and rehabilitation protocols following both are variable. Golf is a popular sport within Australia, and the Gold Coast has become a Mecca for golfers, with more courses per capita than anywhere else in the world. Currently, there are no clear guidelines regarding return to golf play following biceps procedures. The aim of this study was to determine biceps brachii activation during the golf swing through electromyographic analysis, and subsequently, aid in rehabilitation guidelines and return to golf following tenodesis and repair. Methods: Subjects were amateur golfers with no previous upper limb surgery. Surface electromyography (EMG) and high-speed video recording were used to analyse activation of the left and right biceps brachii and the anterior deltoid during the golf swing. Each participant’s maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was recorded, and they were then required to hit a golf ball aiming for specific distances of 2, 50, 100 and 150 metres at a driving range. Noraxon myoResearch and Matlab were used for data analysis. Mean % MVC was calculated for leading and trailing arms during the full swing and its’ 4 phases: back-swing, acceleration, early follow-through and late follow-through. Results: 12 golfers (2 female and 10 male), participated in the study. Median age was 27 (25 – 38), with all being right handed. Over all distances, the mean activation of the short and long head of biceps brachii was < 10% through the full swing. When breaking down the 50, 100 and 150m swing into phases, mean MVC activation was lowest in backswing (5.1%), followed by acceleration (9.7%), early follow-through (9.2%), and late follow-through (21.4%). There was more variation and slightly higher activation in the right biceps (trailing arm) in backswing, acceleration, and early follow-through; with higher activation in the leading arm in late follow-through (25.4% leading, 17.3% trailing). 2m putts resulted in low MVC values (3.1% ) with little variation across swing phases. There was considerable individual variation in results – one tense subject averaged 11.0% biceps MVC through the 2m putting stroke and others recorded peak mean MVC biceps activations of 68.9% at 50m, 101.3% at 100m, and 111.3% at 150m. Discussion: Previous studies have investigated the role of rotator cuff, spine, and hip muscles during the golf swing however, to our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the activation of biceps brachii. Many rehabilitation programs following a biceps tenodesis or repair allow active range against gravity and restrict strengthening exercises until 6 weeks, and this does not appear to be associated with any adverse outcome. Previous studies demonstrate a range of < 10% MVC is similar to the unloaded biceps brachii during walking(1), active elbow flexion with the hand positioned either in pronation or supination will produce MVC < 20% throughout range(2) and elbow flexion with a 4kg dumbbell can produce mean MVC’s of around 40%(3). Our study demonstrates that increasing activation is associated with the leading arm, increasing shot distance and the late follow-through phase. Although the cohort mean MVC of the biceps brachii is <10% through the full swing, variability is high and biceps activation reach peak mean MVC’s of over 100% in different swing phases for some individuals. Given these EMG values, caution is advised when advising patients post biceps procedures to return to long distance golf shots, particularly when the leading arm is involved. Even though it would appear that putting would be as safe as having an unloaded hand out of a sling following biceps procedures, the variability of activation patterns across different golfers would lead us to caution against accelerated golf rehabilitation in those who may be particularly tense golfers. The 50m short iron shot was too long to consider as a chip shot and more work can be done in this area to determine the safety of chipping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyographic%20analysis" title="electromyographic analysis">electromyographic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biceps%20brachii%20rupture" title=" biceps brachii rupture"> biceps brachii rupture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=golf%20swing" title=" golf swing"> golf swing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tendon%20surgery" title=" tendon surgery"> tendon surgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160646/electromyographic-analysis-of-biceps-brachii-during-golf-swing-and-review-of-its-impact-on-return-to-play-following-tendon-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Effects of Array Electrode Placement on Identifying Localised Muscle Fatigue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20R.%20Al-Mulla">Mohamed R. Al-Mulla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bader%20Al-Bader"> Bader Al-Bader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firouz%20K.%20Ghaaedi"> Firouz K. Ghaaedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Sepulveda"> Francisco Sepulveda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface electromyography (sEMG) is utilised in numerous studies on muscle activity. In the beginning, single electrodes were utilised; however, the newest approach is to use an array of electrodes or a grid of electrodes to improve the accuracy of the recorded reading. This research focuses on electrode placement on the biceps brachii, using an array of electrodes placed longitudinal and diagonally on the muscle belly. Trials were conducted on four healthy males, with sEMG signal acquisition from fatiguing isometric contractions. The signal was analysed using the power spectrum density. The separation between the two classes of fatigue (non-fatigue and fatigue) was calculated using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI). Results show that higher separability between the fatigue content of the sEMG signal when placed longitudinally, in the same direction as the muscle fibers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20electrodes" title="array electrodes">array electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biceps%20brachii" title=" biceps brachii"> biceps brachii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode%20placement" title=" electrode placement"> electrode placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMG" title=" EMG"> EMG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isometric%20contractions" title=" isometric contractions"> isometric contractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20fatigue" title=" muscle fatigue"> muscle fatigue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63793/effects-of-array-electrode-placement-on-identifying-localised-muscle-fatigue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Effect of Pole Weight on Nordic Walking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takeshi%20Sato">Takeshi Sato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mizuki%20Nakajima"> Mizuki Nakajima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Macky%20Kato"> Macky Kato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoji%20Igawa"> Shoji Igawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of varying pole weights on energy expenditure, upper limb and lower limb muscle activity as Electromyogram during Nordic walking (NW). Four healthy men [age = 22.5 (±1.0) years, body mass = 61.4 (±3.6) kg, height = 170.3 (±4.3) cm] and three healthy women [age = 22.7 (±2.9) years, body mass = 53.0 (±1.7) kg, height = 156.7 (±4.5) cm] participated in the experiments after informed consent. Seven healthy subjects were tested on the treadmill, walking, walking (W) with Nordic Poles (NW) and walking with 1kg weight Nordic Poles (NW+1). Walking speed was 6 km per hours in all trials. Eight EMG activities were recorded by bipolar surface methods in biceps brachii, triceps brachii, trapezius, deltoideus, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles. And heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. The level of significance was set at a = 0.05, with p < 0.05 regarded as statistically significant. Our results confirmed that use of NW poles increased HR at a given upper arm muscle activity but decreased lower limb EMGs in comparison with W. Moreover NW was able to increase more step lengths with hip joint extension during NW rather than W. Also, EMG revealed higher activation of upper limb for almost all NW and 1kgNW tests plus added masses compared to W (p < 0.05). Therefore, it was thought either of NW and 1kgNW were to have benefit as a physical exercise for safe, feasible, and readily training for a wide range of aged people in the quality of daily life. However, there was no significant effected in leg muscles activity by using 1kgNW except for upper arm muscle activity during Nordic pole walking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordic%20walking" title="Nordic walking">Nordic walking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyogram" title=" electromyogram"> electromyogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20rate" title=" heart rate"> heart rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RPE" title=" RPE"> RPE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77579/effect-of-pole-weight-on-nordic-walking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> A Multi Function Myocontroller for Upper Limb Prostheses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayad%20Asaad%20Ibrahim">Ayad Asaad Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Myoelectrically controlled prostheses are becoming more and more popular, for below-elbow amputation, the wrist flexor and extensor muscle group, while for above-elbow biceps and triceps brachii muscles are used for control of the prosthesis. A two site multi-function controller is presented. Two stainless steel bipolar electrode pairs are used to monitor the activities in both muscles. The detected signals are processed by new pre-whitening technique to identify the accurate tension estimation in these muscles. These estimates will activate the relevant prosthesis control signal, with a time constant of 200 msec. It is ensured that the tension states in the control muscle to activate a particular prosthesis function are similar to those used to activate normal functions in the natural hand. This facilitates easier training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosthesis" title="prosthesis">prosthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosignal%20processing" title=" biosignal processing"> biosignal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-whitening" title=" pre-whitening"> pre-whitening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myoelectric%20controller" title=" myoelectric controller"> myoelectric controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44401/a-multi-function-myocontroller-for-upper-limb-prostheses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Myoelectric Analysis for the Assessment of Muscle Functions and Fatigue Monitoring of Upper Extremity for Stroke Patients Performing Robot-Assisted Bilateral Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsiao-Lung%20Chan">Hsiao-Lung Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Yi%20Wu"> Ching-Yi Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan-Zou%20Lin"> Yan-Zou Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yo%20Chiao"> Yo Chiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya-Ju%20Chang"> Ya-Ju Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Robot-assisted bilateral arm training has demonstrated useful to improve motor control in stroke patients and save human resources. In clinics, the efficiency of this treatment is mostly performed by comparing functional scales before and after rehabilitation. However, most of these assessments are based on behavior evaluation. The underlying improvement of muscle activation and coordination is unknown. Moreover, stroke patients are easier to have muscle fatigue under robot-assisted rehabilitation due to the weakness of muscles. This safety issue is still less studied. In this study, EMG analysis was applied during training. Our preliminary results showed the co-contraction index and co-contraction area index can delineate the improved muscle coordination of biceps brachii vs. flexor carpiradialis. Moreover, the smoothed, normalized cycle-by-cycle median frequency of left and right extensor carpiradialis decreased as the training progress, implying the occurrence of muscle fatigue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot-assisted%20rehabilitation" title="robot-assisted rehabilitation">robot-assisted rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strokes" title=" strokes"> strokes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20coordination" title=" muscle coordination"> muscle coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20fatigue" title=" muscle fatigue"> muscle fatigue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33805/myoelectric-analysis-for-the-assessment-of-muscle-functions-and-fatigue-monitoring-of-upper-extremity-for-stroke-patients-performing-robot-assisted-bilateral-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Estimation of Forces Applied to Forearm Using EMG Signal Features to Control of Powered Human Arm Prostheses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faruk%20Ortes">Faruk Ortes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derya%20Karabulut"> Derya Karabulut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunus%20Ziya%20Arslan"> Yunus Ziya Arslan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Myoelectric features gathering from musculature environment are considered on a preferential basis to perceive muscle activation and control human arm prostheses according to recent experimental researches. EMG (electromyography) signal based human arm prostheses have shown a promising performance in terms of providing basic functional requirements of motions for the amputated people in recent years. However, these assistive devices for neurorehabilitation still have important limitations in enabling amputated people to perform rather sophisticated or functional movements. Surface electromyogram (EMG) is used as the control signal to command such devices. This kind of control consists of activating a motion in prosthetic arm using muscle activation for the same particular motion. Extraction of clear and certain neural information from EMG signals plays a major role especially in fine control of hand prosthesis movements. Many signal processing methods have been utilized for feature extraction from EMG signals. The specific objective of this study was to compare widely used time domain features of EMG signal including integrated EMG(IEMG), root mean square (RMS) and waveform length(WL) for prediction of externally applied forces to human hands. Obtained features were classified using artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the forces. EMG signals supplied to process were recorded during only type of muscle contraction which is isometric and isotonic one. Experiments were performed by three healthy subjects who are right-handed and in a range of 25-35 year-old aging. EMG signals were collected from muscles of the proximal part of the upper body consisting of: biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectorialis major and trapezius. The force prediction results obtained from the ANN were statistically analyzed and merits and pitfalls of the extracted features were discussed with detail. The obtained results are anticipated to contribute classification process of EMG signal and motion control of powered human arm prosthetics control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assistive%20devices%20for%20neurorehabilitation" title="assistive devices for neurorehabilitation">assistive devices for neurorehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title=" electromyography"> electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title=" feature extraction"> feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20estimation" title=" force estimation"> force estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20arm%20prosthesis" title=" human arm prosthesis"> human arm prosthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38181/estimation-of-forces-applied-to-forearm-using-emg-signal-features-to-control-of-powered-human-arm-prostheses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Effect of Ambient Oxygen Content and Lifting Frequency on the Participant’s Lifting Capabilities, Muscle Activities, and Perceived Exertion </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atef%20M.%20Ghaleb">Atef M. Ghaleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Z.%20Ramadan"> Mohamed Z. Ramadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Saad%20Aljaloud"> Khalid Saad Aljaloud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to assesses the lifting capabilities of persons experiencing hypoxia. It also examines the behavior of the physiological response induced through the lifting process related to changing in the hypoxia and lifting frequency variables. For this purpose, the study performed two consecutive tests by using; (1) training and acclimatization; and (2) an actual collection of data. A total of 10 male students from King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were recruited in the study. A two-way repeated measures design, with two independent variables (ambient oxygen (15%, 18% and 21%)) and lifting frequency (1 lift/min and 4 lifts/min) and four dependent variables i.e., maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL), Electromyography (EMG) of four muscle groups (anterior deltoid, trapezius, biceps brachii, and erector spinae), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and rating of oxygen feeling (ROF) were used in this study. The results show that lifting frequency has significantly impacted the MAWL and muscles’ activities. The oxygen content had a significant effect on the RPE and ROE. The study has revealed that acclimatization and training sessions significantly reduce the effect of the hypoxia on the human physiological parameters during the manual materials handling tasks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifting%20capabilities" title="lifting capabilities">lifting capabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20activities" title=" muscle activities"> muscle activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20content" title=" oxygen content"> oxygen content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20exertion" title=" perceived exertion"> perceived exertion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110878/effect-of-ambient-oxygen-content-and-lifting-frequency-on-the-participants-lifting-capabilities-muscle-activities-and-perceived-exertion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Adaptation to Repeated Eccentric Exercise Assessed by Double to Single Twitch Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damian%20Janecki">Damian Janecki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Jask%C3%B3lska"> Anna Jaskólska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaros%C5%82aw%20Marusiak"> Jarosław Marusiak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artur%20Jask%C3%B3lski"> Artur Jaskólski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to assess double to single twitch ratio after two bouts of eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. Maximal isometric torque, single and double twitch responses and low-frequency fatigue were assessed on the elbow flexors in 19 untrained male volunteers before, immediately after, 24 and 48 hours following two bouts of eccentric exercise consisted of 30 repetitions of lowering a dumbbell adjusted to ~75% of each individual's maximal isometric torque. Maximal isometric torque and electrically evoked responses decreased significantly in all measurements after the first bout of eccentric exercise (P<0.05). In measurements performed at 24 and 48 hours after the second bout both maximal voluntary isometric torque and electrically evoked contractions were significantly higher than in measurements performed after the fist bout (P<0.05). Although low-frequency fatigue significantly increased up to 48 hours after each bout of eccentric exercise, its values at 24 and 48 hours after the second bout were significantly lower than at respective time points after the first bout (P<0.05). Smaller changes in double to single twitch ratio at 24 and 48 hours after the second bout of eccentric exercise reflects repeated bout effect that confers protection against subsequent exercise-induced muscle damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biceps%20brachii" title="biceps brachii">biceps brachii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20stimulation" title=" electrical stimulation"> electrical stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lenghtening%20contractions" title=" lenghtening contractions"> lenghtening contractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repeated%20bout%20effect" title=" repeated bout effect "> repeated bout effect </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49190/adaptation-to-repeated-eccentric-exercise-assessed-by-double-to-single-twitch-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Electromyography Activity of the Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris Muscles during Prostration and Squat Exercise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Mohd%20Safee">M. K. Mohd Safee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20A.%20B.%20Wan%20Abas"> W. A. B. Wan Abas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ibrahim"> F. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A.%20Abu%20Osman"> N. A. Abu Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A%20Abdul%20Malik"> N. A Abdul Malik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the activity of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) in healthy subjects during salat (prostration) and specific exercise (squat exercise) using electromyography (EMG). A group of undergraduates aged between 19 to 25 years voluntarily participated in this study. The myoelectric activity of the muscles were recorded and analyzed. The finding indicated that there were contractions of the muscles during the salat and exercise with almost same EMG’s level. From the result, Wilcoxon’s Rank Sum test showed significant difference between prostration and squat exercise (p<0.05) but the differences was very small; RF (8.63%MVC) and BF (11.43%MVC). Therefore, salat may be useful in strengthening exercise and also in rehabilitation programs for lower limb activities. This pilot study conducted initial research into the biomechanical responses of human muscles in various positions of salat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title="electromyography">electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle" title=" muscle"> muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salat" title=" salat"> salat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20982/electromyography-activity-of-the-rectus-femoris-and-biceps-femoris-muscles-during-prostration-and-squat-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">719</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Variation In Gastrocnemius and Hamstring Muscle Activity During Peak Knee Flexor Torque After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hamstring Graft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luna%20Sequier">Luna Sequier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florian%20Forelli"> Florian Forelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maude%20Traulle"> Maude Traulle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaury%20Vandebrouck"> Amaury Vandebrouck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Duffiet"> Pascal Duffiet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Louis%20Ratte"> Louis Ratte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Mazeas"> Jean Mazeas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study's objective is to compare the muscular activity of the flexor knee muscle in patients who underwent an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring autograft and the individuals who have not undergone surgery. Methods: The participants were divided into two groups: a healthy group and an experimental group who had undergone an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a hamstring graft. All participants had to perform a knee flexion strength test on an isokinetic dynamometer. The medial Gastrocnemius, lateral Gastrocnemius, Biceps femoris, and medial Hamstring muscle activity were measured during this test. Each group’s mean muscle activity was tested with statistical analysis, and a muscle activity ratio of gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles was calculated Results: The results showed a significant difference in activity of the medial gastrocnemius (p = 0,004901), the biceps femoris (p = 5,394.10-6), and the semitendinosus muscles (p = 1,822.10-6), with a higher Biceps femoris and Semitendinosus activity for the experimental group. It is however noticeable that inter-subject differences were important. Conclusion: This study has shown a difference in the gastrocnemius and hamstring muscle activity between patients who underwent an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery and healthy participants. With further results, this could show a modification of muscle activity patterns after surgery which could lead to compensatory behaviors at a return to sport and eventually explain a higher injury risk for our patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anterior%20cruciate%20ligament" title="anterior cruciate ligament">anterior cruciate ligament</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title=" electromyography"> electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20activity" title=" muscle activity"> muscle activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiotherapy" title=" physiotherapy"> physiotherapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140445/variation-in-gastrocnemius-and-hamstring-muscle-activity-during-peak-knee-flexor-torque-after-anterior-cruciate-ligament-reconstruction-with-hamstring-graft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction Using the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon (LHBT)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho%20Sy%20Nam">Ho Sy Nam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tang%20Ha%20Nam%20Anh"> Tang Ha Nam Anh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Rotator cuff tears are a common problem in the aging population. The prevalence of massive rotator cuff tears varies in some studies from 10% to 40%. Of irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCTs), which are mostly associated with massive tear size, 79% are estimated to have recurrent tears after surgical repair. Recent studies have shown that superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) in massive rotator cuff tears can be an efficient technique with optimistic clinical scores and preservation of stable glenohumeral stability. Superior capsule reconstruction techniques most commonly use either fascia lata autograft or dermal allograft, both of which have their own benefits and drawbacks (such as the potential for donor site issues, allergic reactions, and high cost). We propose a simple technique for superior capsule reconstruction that involves using the long head of the biceps tendon as a local autograft; therefore, the comorbidities related to graft harvesting are eliminated. The long head of the biceps tendon proximal portion is relocated to the footprint and secured as the SCR, serving to both stabilize the glenohumeral joint and maintain vascular supply to aid healing. Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical outcomes of patients with large to massive RCTs treated by SCR using LHBT. Materials and methods: A study was performed of consecutive patients with large to massive RCTs who were treated by SCR using LHBT between January 2022 and December 2022. We use one double-loaded suture anchor to secure the long head of the biceps to the middle of the footprint. Two more anchors are used to repair the rotator cuff using a single-row technique, which is placed anteriorly and posteriorly on the lateral side of the previously transposed LHBT. Results: The 3 men and 5 women had an average age of 61.25 years (range 48 to 76 years) at the time of surgery. The average follow-up was 8.2 months (6 to 10 months) after surgery. The average preoperative ASES was 45.8, and the average postoperative ASES was 85.83. The average postoperative UCLA score was 29.12. VAS score was improved from 5.9 to 1.12. The mean preoperative ROM of forward flexion and external rotation of the shoulder was 720 ± 160 and 280 ± 80, respectively. The mean postoperative ROM of forward flexion and external rotation were 1310 ± 220 and 630 ± 60, respectively. There were no cases of progression of osteoarthritis or rotator cuff muscle atrophy. Conclusion: SCR using LHBT is considered a treatment option for patients with large or massive RC tears. It can restore superior glenohumeral stability and function of the shoulder joint and can be an effective procedure for selected patients, helping to avoid progression to cuff tear arthropathy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superior%20capsule%20reconstruction" title="superior capsule reconstruction">superior capsule reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20or%20massive%20rotator%20cuff%20tears" title=" large or massive rotator cuff tears"> large or massive rotator cuff tears</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20long%20head%20of%20the%20biceps" title=" the long head of the biceps"> the long head of the biceps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilize%20the%20glenohumeral%20joint" title=" stabilize the glenohumeral joint"> stabilize the glenohumeral joint</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163250/arthroscopic-superior-capsular-reconstruction-using-the-long-head-of-the-biceps-tendon-lhbt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Electromyography Activity of the Lower Limb Muscles during Prostration and Squat Exercise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Mohd%20Safee">M. K. Mohd Safee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20A.%20B.%20Wan%20Abas"> W. A. B. Wan Abas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ibrahim"> F. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A.%20Abu%20Osman"> N. A. Abu Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A.%20Abdul%20Malik"> N. A. Abdul Malik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the activity of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) in healthy subjects during salat (prostration) and specific exercise (squat exercise) using electromyography (EMG). A group of undergraduates aged between 19 to 25 years voluntarily participated in this study. The myoelectric activity of the muscles were recorded and analyzed. The finding indicated that there were contractions of the muscles during the salat and exercise with almost same EMG’s level. From the result, Wilcoxon’s Rank Sum test showed significant difference between prostration and squat exercise (p < 0.05) but the differences was very small; RF (8.63% MVC) and BF (11.43% MVC). Therefore, salat may be useful in strengthening exercise and also in rehabilitation programs for lower limb activities. This pilot study conducted initial research into the bio mechanical responses of human muscles in various positions of salat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title="electromyography">electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle" title=" muscle"> muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salat" title=" salat"> salat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21007/electromyography-activity-of-the-lower-limb-muscles-during-prostration-and-squat-exercise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">711</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Interrelationship between Quadriceps' Activation and Inhibition as a Function of Knee-Joint Angle and Muscle Length: A Torque and Electro and Mechanomyographic Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronald%20Croce">Ronald Croce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Quinn"> Timothy Quinn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Miller"> John Miller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Incomplete activation, or activation failure, of motor units during maximal voluntary contractions is often referred to as muscle inhibition (MI), and is defined as the inability of the central nervous system to maximally drive a muscle during a voluntary contraction. The purpose of the present study was to assess the interrelationship amongst peak torque (PT), muscle inhibition (MI; incomplete activation of motor units), and voluntary muscle activation (VMA) of the quadriceps’ muscle group as a function of knee angle and muscle length during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). Nine young adult males (mean + standard deviation: age: 21.58 + 1.30 years; height: 180.07 + 4.99 cm; weight: 89.07 + 7.55 kg) performed MVICs in random order with the knee at 15, 55, and 95° flexion. MI was assessed using the interpolated twitch technique and was estimated by the amount of additional knee extensor PT evoked by the superimposed twitch during MVICs. Voluntary muscle activation was estimated by root mean square amplitude electromyography (EMGrms) and mechanomyography (MMGrms) of agonist (vastus medialis [VM], vastus lateralis [VL], and rectus femoris [RF]) and antagonist (biceps femoris ([BF]) muscles during MVICs. Data were analyzed using separate repeated measures analysis of variance. Results revealed a strong dependency of quadriceps’ PT (p < 0.001), MI (p < 0.001) and MA (p < 0.01) on knee joint position: PT was smallest at the most shortened muscle position (15°) and greatest at mid-position (55°); MI and MA were smallest at the most shortened muscle position (15°) and greatest at the most lengthened position (95°), with the RF showing the greatest change in MA. It is hypothesized that the ability to more fully activate the quadriceps at short compared to longer muscle lengths (96% contracted at 15°; 91% at 55°; 90% at 95°) might partly compensate for the unfavorable force-length mechanics at the more extended position and consequent declines in VMA (decreases in EMGrms and MMGrms muscle amplitude during MVICs) and force production (PT = 111-Nm at 15°, 217-NM at 55°, 199-Nm at 95°). Biceps femoris EMG and MMG data showed no statistical differences (p = 0.11 and 0.12, respectively) at joint angles tested, although there were greater values at the extended position. Increased BF muscle amplitude at this position could be a mechanism by which anterior shear and tibial rotation induced by high quadriceps’ activity are countered. Measuring and understanding the degree to which one sees MI and VMA in the QF muscle has particular clinical relevance because different knee-joint disorders, such ligament injuries or osteoarthritis, increase levels of MI observed and markedly reduced the capability of full VMA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title="electromyography">electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpolated%20twitch%20technique" title=" interpolated twitch technique"> interpolated twitch technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanomyography" title=" mechanomyography"> mechanomyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20activation" title=" muscle activation"> muscle activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20inhibition" title=" muscle inhibition"> muscle inhibition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60963/interrelationship-between-quadriceps-activation-and-inhibition-as-a-function-of-knee-joint-angle-and-muscle-length-a-torque-and-electro-and-mechanomyographic-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Relation of Electromyography, Strength and Fatigue During Ramp Isometric Contractions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesar%20Ferreira%20Amorim">Cesar Ferreira Amorim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamotsu%20Hirata"> Tamotsu Hirata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runer%20Augusto%20Marson"> Runer Augusto Marson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of strength ramp isometric contraction on changes in surface electromyography (sEMG) signal characteristics of the hamstrings muscles. All measurements were obtained from 20 healthy well trained healthy adults (age 19.5 ± 0.8 yrs, body mass 63.4 ± 1.5 kg, height: 1.65 ± 0.05 m). Subjects had to perform isometric ramp contractions in knee flexion with the force gradually increasing from 0 to 40% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in a 20s period. The root mean square (RMS) amplitude of sEMG signals obtained from the biceps femoris (caput longum) were calculated at four different strength levels (10, 20, 30, and 40% MVC) from the ramp isometric contractions (5s during the 20s task %MVC). The main results were a more pronounced increase non-linear in sEMG-RMS amplitude for the muscles. The protocol described here may provide a useful index for measuring of strength neuromuscular fatigue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosignal" title="biosignal">biosignal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20electromyography" title=" surface electromyography"> surface electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ramp%20contractions" title=" ramp contractions"> ramp contractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32275/relation-of-electromyography-strength-and-fatigue-during-ramp-isometric-contractions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Low Cost Surface Electromyographic Signal Amplifier Based on Arduino Microcontroller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Luiz%20Bernardes%20de%20Moura">Igor Luiz Bernardes de Moura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luan%20Carlos%20de%20Sena%20Monteiro%20Ozelim"> Luan Carlos de Sena Monteiro Ozelim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabiano%20Araujo%20Soares"> Fabiano Araujo Soares</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of a low cost acquisition system of S-EMG signals which are reliable, comfortable for the user and with high mobility shows to be a relevant proposition in modern biomedical engineering scenario. In the study, the sampling capacity of the Arduino microcontroller Atmel Atmega328 with an A/D converter with 10-bit resolution and its reconstructing capability of a signal of surface electromyography are analyzed. An electronic circuit to capture the signal through two differential channels was designed, signals from Biceps Brachialis of a healthy man of 21 years was acquired to test the system prototype. ARV, MDF, MNF and RMS estimators were used to compare de acquired signals with physiological values. The Arduino was configured with a sampling frequency of 1.5 kHz for each channel, and the tests with the circuit designed offered a SNR of 20.57dB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title="electromyography">electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arduino" title=" Arduino"> Arduino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-cost" title=" low-cost"> low-cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmel%20atmega328%20microcontroller" title=" atmel atmega328 microcontroller"> atmel atmega328 microcontroller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5919/low-cost-surface-electromyographic-signal-amplifier-based-on-arduino-microcontroller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Sulforaphane Attenuates Fibrosis of Dystrophic Muscle in Mdx Mice via Nrf2-Mediated Inhibition of TGF-β/Smad Signaling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chengcao%20Sun">Chengcao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuili%20Yang"> Cuili Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shujun%20Li"> Shujun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruilin%20Xue"> Ruilin Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongyong%20Xi"> Yongyong Xi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Wang"> Liang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dejia%20Li"> Dejia Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Backgrounds: A few lines of evidence show that Sulforaphane (SFN) has anti-fibrosis effect in liver tissue via Nrf2-mediated inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling. However, its effects on muscular dystrophic fibrosis remain unknown. This work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of SFN on fibrosis in dystrophic muscle. Methods: 3-month-old male mdx mice were treated with SFN by gavage (2 mg/kg body weight per day) for 3 months. Gastrocnemius, tibial anterior and triceps brachii muscles were collected for related analysis. Fibrosis in skeletal muscles was analyzed by Sirius red staining. Histology and morphology of skeletal muscles were investigated by H&E staining. Moreover, the expressions of Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway were detected by western blot, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays. Results: Our results demonstrated that SFN treatment significantly decreased and improved morphological features in mdx muscles. Moreover, SFN increased the expression of muscle phase II enzymes NQO1 and HO-1 and significantly decreased the expression of TGF-β1，p-smad2, p-smad3, α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I, PAI-1, and TIMP-1 in Nrf2 dependent manner. Additionally, SFN significantly decreased the expression of CD45 and TNF-α. Conclusions: Collectively, these results show that SFN can ameliorate muscle fibrosis in mdx mice by Nrf2-induced inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, which indicate Nrf2 may be useful for the treatment of muscular dystrophy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulforaphane" title="sulforaphane">sulforaphane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nrf2" title=" Nrf2"> Nrf2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TGF-%CE%B2%2Fsmad%20signaling" title=" TGF-β/smad signaling"> TGF-β/smad signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duchenne%20muscular%20dystrophy" title=" duchenne muscular dystrophy"> duchenne muscular dystrophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibrosis" title=" fibrosis"> fibrosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19674/sulforaphane-attenuates-fibrosis-of-dystrophic-muscle-in-mdx-mice-via-nrf2-mediated-inhibition-of-tgf-vsmad-signaling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Sulforaphane Attenuates Muscle Inflammation in Dystrophin-Deficient Mdx Mice via Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chengcao%20Sun">Chengcao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuili%20Yang"> Cuili Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shujun%20Li"> Shujun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruilin%20Xue"> Ruilin Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongyong%20Xi"> Yongyong Xi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Wang"> Liang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dejia%20Li"> Dejia Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Backgrounds: Inflammation is widely distributed in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and ultimately leads to progressive deterioration of muscle function with the co-effects of chronic muscle damage, oxidative stress, and reduced oxidative capacity. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in defending against inflammation in different tissues via activation of phase II enzymes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, whether Nrf2/HO-1 pathway can attenuate muscle inflammation on DMD remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Sulforaphane (SFN) on DMD. Methods: 4-week-old male mdx mice were treated with SFN by gavage (2 mg/kg body weight per day) for 4 weeks. Gastrocnemius, tibial anterior and triceps brachii muscles were collected for related analysis. Immune cell infiltration in skeletal muscles was analyzed by H&E staining and immuno-histochemistry. Moreover, the expressions of inflammatory cytokines,pro-inflammatory cytokines and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were detected by western blot, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays. Results: Our results demonstrated that SFN treatment increased the expression of muscle phase II enzymes HO-1 in Nrf2 dependent manner. Inflammation in mdx skeletal muscles was reduced by SFN treatment as indicated by decreased immune cell infiltration and lower expressions of the inflammatory cytokines CD45, pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the skeletal muscles of mdx mice. Conclusions: Collectively, these results show that SFN can ameliorate muscle inflammation in mdx mice by Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which indicates Nrf2/HO-1 pathway may represent a new therapeutic target for DMD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulforaphane" title="sulforaphane">sulforaphane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nrf2" title=" Nrf2"> Nrf2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HO-1" title=" HO-1"> HO-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19664/sulforaphane-attenuates-muscle-inflammation-in-dystrophin-deficient-mdx-mice-via-nrf2ho-1-signaling-pathway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Application of Dastamboo Fruit (Cucumis melo var. dudaim) Extract for Buffalo Meat Tenderization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Javadi">A. Javadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Asad%20Beygi"> H. Asad Beygi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In line with the increasing demand for high-quality and safe food products, the present study is intended to examine the crude extract and juice of the fruit of Cucumis melo var. dudaim on tenderization of meat. Cubic pieces were selected from the biceps fermoris muscle of a five year-old female water buffalo; then, they were cut two or three hours after the buffalo was slaughtered. The selected samples were superficially exposed to the resolution obtained from the powder of the extract of Cucumis melo var. dudaim. Distilled water as a control sample and the powder of fruit extract of the mentioned plant with 0.5, 1 and 1.5 percent concentrations were experimented in the study. These samples were kept for three time spans of 2 hours, 7 and 14 days. Then, some tests were conducted on the samples both before and after cooking them. In general, with regard to the results obtained from the experiments and the investigations of the impact of time and different concentrations on the tenderization of buffalo meat, it can be argued that the time span of 2 hours and the concentration of 1.5 % can be considered as the best time and concentration for obtaining the most desirable tenderness. Also, tenderness increased in the samples kept for 7 and 14 days; however, due to the extraordinary decomposition, the samples were rather doughy and pasty. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat" title="meat">meat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cucumis%20melo%20var.%20dudaim" title=" Cucumis melo var. dudaim"> Cucumis melo var. dudaim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tenderization" title=" tenderization"> tenderization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20buffalo" title=" water buffalo"> water buffalo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13178/application-of-dastamboo-fruit-cucumis-melo-var-dudaim-extract-for-buffalo-meat-tenderization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Investigation of Surface Electromyograph Signal Acquired from the around Shoulder Muscles of Upper Limb Amputees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanpreet%20Kaur">Amanpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravinder%20Agarwal"> Ravinder Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amod%20Kumar"> Amod Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface electromyography is a strategy to measure the muscle activity of the skin. Sensors placed on the skin recognize the electrical current or signal generated by active muscles. A lot of the research has focussed on the detection of signal from upper limb amputee with activity of triceps and biceps muscles. The purpose of this study was to correlate phantom movement and sEMG activity in residual stump muscles of transhumeral amputee from the shoulder muscles. Eight non- amputee and seven right hand amputees were recruited for this study. sEMG data were collected for the trapezius, pectoralis and teres muscles for elevation, protraction and retraction of shoulder. Contrast between the amputees and non-amputees muscles action have been investigated. Subsequently, to investigate the impact of class separability for different motions of shoulder, analysis of variance for experimental recorded data was carried out. Results were analyzed to recognize different shoulder movements and represent a step towards the surface electromyography controlled system for amputees. Difference in F ratio (p < 0.05) values indicates the distinction in mean therefore these analysis helps to determine the independent motion. The identified signal would be used to design more accurate and efficient controllers for the upper-limb amputee for researchers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=around%20shoulder%20amputation" title="around shoulder amputation">around shoulder amputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20electromyography" title=" surface electromyography"> surface electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis%20of%20variance" title=" analysis of variance"> analysis of variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=features" title=" features"> features</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64762/investigation-of-surface-electromyograph-signal-acquired-from-the-around-shoulder-muscles-of-upper-limb-amputees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Study of Human Upper Arm Girth during Elbow Isokinetic Contractions Based on a Smart Circumferential Measuring System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xi%20Wang">Xi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoming%20Tao"> Xiaoming Tao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20C.%20H.%20So"> Raymond C. H. So</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As one of the convenient and noninvasive sensing approaches, the automatic limb girth measurement has been applied to detect intention behind human motion from muscle deformation. The sensing validity has been elaborated by preliminary researches but still need more fundamental study, especially on kinetic contraction modes. Based on the novel fabric strain sensors, a soft and smart limb girth measurement system was developed by the authors’ group, which can measure the limb girth in-motion. Experiments were carried out on elbow isometric flexion and elbow isokinetic flexion (biceps’ isokinetic contractions) of 90°/s, 60°/s, and 120°/s for 10 subjects (2 canoeists and 8 ordinary people). After removal of natural circumferential increments due to elbow position, the joint torque is found not uniformly sensitive to the limb circumferential strains, but declining as elbow joint angle rises, regardless of the angular speed. Moreover, the maximum joint torque was found as an exponential function of the joint’s angular speed. This research highly contributes to the application of the automatic limb girth measuring during kinetic contractions, and it is useful to predict the contraction level of voluntary skeletal muscles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fabric%20strain%20sensor" title="fabric strain sensor">fabric strain sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20deformation" title=" muscle deformation"> muscle deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isokinetic%20contraction" title=" isokinetic contraction"> isokinetic contraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20torque" title=" joint torque"> joint torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limb%20girth%20strain" title=" limb girth strain"> limb girth strain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39596/study-of-human-upper-arm-girth-during-elbow-isokinetic-contractions-based-on-a-smart-circumferential-measuring-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> The Tendon Reflexes on the Performance of Flanker Task in the Subjects of Cerebrovascular Accidents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshdeep%20Singh">Harshdeep Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuljeet%20Singh%20Anand"> Kuljeet Singh Anand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA) cause abnormal or asymmetrical tendon reflexes contributing to motor impairments. Since the tendon reflexes are mediated by the spinal cord, their effects on cognitive performances are overlooked. This study aims to find the contributions of tendon reflexes on the performance of the Flanker task. Methods: A total population of 46 mixed subjects with movement disorders were recruited for the study. Deep tendon reflexes (DTR) of the biceps, triceps and brachioradialis were assessed for both upper extremities. Later, the Flanker task was performed on all the subjects, and the mean Reaction Time (RT) along with both the congruent and incongruent stimuli were evaluated. For the final analysis, the Kruskal Wallis test was performed to see the difference between the DTR and the performance of the Flanker Task. Results: The Kruskal Wallis test results showed a significant difference between the DTR scores, X²(2) = 11.328, p= 0.023 with the mean RT of the flanker task and X²(2) = 9.531, p= 0.049 with mean RT of the Incongruent Stimuli. Whereas the result found a non-significant difference in the mean RT of the Congruent Stimuli. Conclusion: Each DTR score is distributed differently with the mean RT of the flanker task and for the incongruent stimuli as well. Therefore, the tendon reflexes in PD may be contributing to the performance of the Flanker Task and may be an indicator of abnormal cognitive performance. Further research is needed to evaluate how the RTs are distributed with each DTR score. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebrovascular%20accidents" title="cerebrovascular accidents">cerebrovascular accidents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20tendon%20reflexes" title=" deep tendon reflexes"> deep tendon reflexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flanker%20task" title=" flanker task"> flanker task</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20time" title=" reaction time"> reaction time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congruent%20stimuli" title=" congruent stimuli"> congruent stimuli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incongruent%20stimuli" title=" incongruent stimuli"> incongruent stimuli</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162752/the-tendon-reflexes-on-the-performance-of-flanker-task-in-the-subjects-of-cerebrovascular-accidents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> An Assessment of the Anthropometric Characteristics of Malaysian Cricket Batsmen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zia%20ul%20Haq">Muhammad Zia ul Haq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ong%20Kuan%20Boon"> Ong Kuan Boon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeffrey%20Low%20Fook%20Lee"> Jeffrey Low Fook Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bendri%20Bin%20Dasril"> Bendri Bin Dasril</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Iqbal"> Amna Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saleem"> Muhammad Saleem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is bond of two purpose, first is to establish the anthropometric profile of Malaysian cricket batsmen and second, to find the variances among the anthropometric characteristics of ten under-16 years, eight under-19 years and eight senior teams batsmen. The anthropometric variables were measured as 8 skinfolds, 12 circumferences, 06 lengths and 05 breadths, stature, sitting height, arm span, body mass, hand grip strength and leg strength. The batsmen of under-19 and under-16 found similar in skinfolds, sum of skinfolds, circumferences and breadth measurements but significantly lesser than the senior team batsmen. Senior and Under-19 batsmen were almost found similar in segmental lengths, heights and arm span but significantly higher than the under-16 batsmen. Breadth measurements the under-19 found higher than the senior and u-16 batsmen. The hand grips strength of the senior batsmen significantly high than the uder-19 and under-16 players and both groups were similar and no significant difference were found in leg strength of all three groups batsmen. Leg strength were found significant correlation with wrist, hip, thigh, and calf girth and handgrip strength. The hand grip strength were found correlated with all variables except biceps, mid-thigh skinfold, segmental length, humerus breadth. It is concluded from the present study that the girth segments and hand grip strength are the predictors of good performance in cricket batting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cricket%20batting" title="cricket batting">cricket batting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batsmen" title=" batsmen"> batsmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropometry" title=" anthropometry"> anthropometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20segments" title=" body segments"> body segments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20grip%20strength" title=" hand grip strength"> hand grip strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21707/an-assessment-of-the-anthropometric-characteristics-of-malaysian-cricket-batsmen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Specific Biomarker Level and Function Outcome Changes in Treatment of Patients with Frozen Shoulder Using Dextrose Prolotherapy Injection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuralam%20Sam">Nuralam Sam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irawan%20Yusuf"> Irawan Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfan%20Idris"> Irfan Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endi%20Adnan"> Endi Adnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most case in the shoulder in the the adult is the frozen shoulder. It make an uncomfortable sensation which disturbance daily activity. The studies of frozen shoulder are still limited. This study used a true experimental pre and post test design with a group design. The participant underwent dextrose prolotherapy injection in the rotator cuff, intraarticular glenohumeral joint, long head tendon biceps, and acromioclavicular joint injections with 15% dextrose, respectively, at week 2, week 4, and week 6. Participants were followed for 12 weeks. The specific biomarker MMP and TIMP, ROM, DASH score were measured at baseline, at week 6, and week 12. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis (repeated measurement ANOVA, Paired T-Test, and Wilcoxon) to determine the effect of the intervention. The result showed a significant decrease in The Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score in prolo injection patients in each measurement week (p < 0.05). While the measurement of Range of Motion (ROM), each direction of shoulder motion showed a significant difference in average each week, from week 0 to week 6 (p <0.05).Dextrose prolotherapy injection results give a significant improvement in functional outcome of the shoulder joint, and ROMand did not show significant results in assessing the specific biomarker, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 in tissue repair. This study suggestion an alternative to the use of injection prolotherapy in Frozen shoulder patients, which has fewer side effects and better effectiveness than the use of corticosteroid injections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frozen%20shoulder" title="frozen shoulder">frozen shoulder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROM" title=" ROM"> ROM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DASH%20score" title=" DASH score"> DASH score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prolotherapy" title=" prolotherapy"> prolotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MMP-1" title=" MMP-1"> MMP-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TIMP-1" title=" TIMP-1"> TIMP-1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150215/specific-biomarker-level-and-function-outcome-changes-in-treatment-of-patients-with-frozen-shoulder-using-dextrose-prolotherapy-injection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Sulforaphane Alleviates Muscular Dystrophy in Mdx Mice by Activation of Nrf2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chengcao%20Sun">Chengcao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuili%20Yang"> Cuili Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shujun%20Li"> Shujun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruilin%20Xue"> Ruilin Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Wang"> Liang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongyong%20Xi"> Yongyong Xi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dejia%20Li"> Dejia Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Backgrounds: Sulforaphane, one of the most important isothiocyanates in the human diet, is known to have chemopreventive and antioxidant activities in different tissues via activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated induction of antioxidant/phase II enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). However, its effects on muscular dystrophy remain unknown. This work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Sulforaphane on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods: 4-week-old mdx mice were treated with SFN by gavage (2 mg/kg body weight per day) for 8 weeks. Blood was collected from eye socket every week, and tibial anterior, extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius, soleus, triceps brachii muscles and heart samples were collected after 8-week gavage. Force measurements and mice exercise capacity assays were detected. GSH/GSSG ratio, TBARS, CK and LDH levels were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. H&E staining was used to analyze histological and morphometric of skeletal muscles of mdx mice, and Evas blue dye staining was made to detect sarcolemmal integrity of mdx mice. Further, the role of Sulforaphane on Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway was analyzed by ELISA, western blot and qRT-PCR. Results: Our results demonstrated that SFN treatment increased the expression and activity of muscle phase II enzymes NQO1 and HO-1 with Nrf2 dependent manner. SFN significantly increased skeletal muscle mass, muscle force (~30%), running distance (~20%) and GSH/GSSG ratio (~3.2 folds) of mdx mice, and decreased the activities of plasma creatine phosphokinase (CK) (~45%) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (~40%), gastrocnemius hypertrophy (~25%), myocardial hypertrophy (~20%) and MDA levels (~60%). Further, SFN treatment also reduced the central nucleation (~40%), fiber size variability, inflammation and improved the sarcolemmal integrity of mdx mice. Conclusions: Collectively, these results show that SFN can improve muscle function, pathology and protect dystrophic muscle from oxidative damage in mdx mice through Nrf2 signaling pathway, which indicate Nrf2 may have clinical implications for the treatment of patients with muscular dystrophy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulforaphane" title="sulforaphane">sulforaphane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duchenne%20muscular%20dystrophy" title=" duchenne muscular dystrophy"> duchenne muscular dystrophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nrf2" title=" Nrf2"> Nrf2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19659/sulforaphane-alleviates-muscular-dystrophy-in-mdx-mice-by-activation-of-nrf2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Body Mass Components in Young Soccer Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeta%20Sivevska">Elizabeta Sivevska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunchica%20Petrovska"> Sunchica Petrovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaska%20Antevska"> Vaska Antevska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lidija%20Todorovska"> Lidija Todorovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanja%20Manchevska"> Sanja Manchevska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beti%20Dejanova"> Beti Dejanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivanka%20Karagjozova"> Ivanka Karagjozova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmina%20Pluncevic%20Gligoroska"> Jasmina Pluncevic Gligoroska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Body composition plays an important role in the selection of young soccer players and it is associated with their successful performance. The most commonly used model of body composition divides the body into two compartments: fat components and fat-free mass (muscular and bone components). The aims of the study were to determine the body composition parameters of young male soccer players and to show the differences in age groups. Material and methods: A sample of 52 young male soccer players, with an age span from 9 to 14 years were divided into two groups according to the age (group 1 aged 9 to 12 years and group 2 aged 12 to 14 years). Anthropometric measurements were taken according to the method of Mateigka. The following measurements were made: body weight, body height, circumferences (arm, forearm, thigh and calf), diameters (elbow, knee, wrist, ankle) and skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, thigh, leg, chest, abdomen). The measurements were used in Mateigka’s equations. Results: Body mass components were analyzed as absolute values (in kilograms) and as percentage values: the muscular component (MC kg and MC%), the bone component (BCkg and BC%) and the body fat (BFkg and BF%). The group up to 12 years showed the following mean values of the analyzed parameters: MM=21.5kg; MM%=46.3%; BC=8.1kg; BC%=19.1%; BF= 6.3kg; BF%= 15.7%. The second group aged 12-14 year had mean values of body composition parameters as follows: MM=25.6 kg; MM%=48.2%; BC = 11.4 kg; BC%=21.6%; BF= 8.5 kg; BF%= 14. 7%. Conclusions: The young soccer players aged 12 up to 14 years who are in the pre-pubertal phase of growth and development had higher bone component (p<0.05) compared to younger players. There is no significant difference in muscular and fat body component between the two groups of young soccer players. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20composition" title="body composition">body composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20soccer%20players" title=" young soccer players"> young soccer players</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20fat" title=" body fat"> body fat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fat-free%20mass" title=" fat-free mass"> fat-free mass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10742/body-mass-components-in-young-soccer-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Evaluation of Joint Contact Forces and Muscle Forces in the Subjects with Non-Specific Low Back Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Taghi%20Karimi">Mohammad Taghi Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Hasan%20Zahraee"> Maryam Hasan Zahraee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common health and socioeconomic problem, especially the chronic one. The joint contact force is an important parameter during walking which increases the incidence of injury and degenerative joint disease. To our best knowledge, there are not enough evidences in literature on the muscular forces and joint contact forces in subjects with low back pain. Purpose: The main hypothesis associated with this research was that joint contact force of L4/L5 of non-specific chronic low back pain subjects was the same as that of normal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the joint contact force difference between non-specific chronic low back pain and normal subjects. Method: This was an experimental-comparative study. 20 normal subjects and 20 non-specific chronic low back pain patients were recruited in this study. Qualysis motion analysis system and a Kistler force plate were used to collect the motions and the force applied on the leg, respectively. OpenSimm software used to determine joint contact force and muscle forces in this study. Some parameters such as force applied on the legs (pelvis), kinematic of hip and pelvic, peaks of muscles, force of trunk musculature and joint contact force of L5/S1 were used for further analysis. Differences between mean values of all data were measured using two-sample t-test among the subjects. Results: The force produced by Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris, and Adductor muscles were significantly different between low back pain and normal subjects. Moreover, the mean value of breaking component of the force of the knee joint increased significantly in low back pain subjects, besides a significant decrease in mean value of the vertical component of joint reaction force compared to the normal ones. Conclusions: The forces produced by the trunk and pelvic muscles, and joint contact forces differ significantly between low back pain and normal subjects. It seems that those with non-specific chronic low back pain use trunk muscles more than normal subjects to stabilize the pelvic during walking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20back%20pain" title="low back pain">low back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20contact%20force" title=" joint contact force"> joint contact force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic" title=" kinetic"> kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20force" title=" muscle force"> muscle force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88748/evaluation-of-joint-contact-forces-and-muscle-forces-in-the-subjects-with-non-specific-low-back-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Antagonist Coactivation in Athletes Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milad%20Pirali">Milad Pirali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohrab%20Keyhani"> Sohrab Keyhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohhamad%20Ali%20Sanjari"> Mohhamad Ali Sanjari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ashraf%20Jamshidi"> Ali Ashraf Jamshidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The effect of hamstring antagonist activity on the knee extensors torque of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is not clear and persistent muscle weakness is common after ACLR. Hamstring activation when acting as antagonist is considered very important for knee strengths. Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine hamstring antagonist coactivation during maximal effort of the isokinetic knee extension in ACLR athletes with hamstring autograft. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 20 professional athletes who underwent primary ACLR (hamstring tendon autograft)with 6-24 months postoperative and 20 healthy subjects as control group. Each subjects performed maximal effort isokinetic knee extension and flexion in 60/˚ s and 180/˚ s velocities for the involved and uninvolved limb. Synchronously, surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded of vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF). The antagonist integrated EMG (IEMG) values were normalized to the IEMG of the same muscle during maximal isokinetic eccentric effort at the same velocities and ROM. Results: A one-way analysis of variance designs shows significantly greater IEMG coactivation of hamstring and decreased activation of Vm in ACLR when compared to uninvolved and control group leg in 60/˚ s and 180/˚ s velocities. Likewise peak torque to body weight was decreased in ACLR compared to uninvolved and control group during knee extension in both velocities (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Decreased extensors moment caused by decreased quadriceps inhibition and increased hamstring coactivation. In addition, these result indicated to decrease of motor unit recruitment in the VM (as a kinesiologicmonitore of the knee). It is appearing that strengthening of the quadriceps to be an important for rehabilitation program after ACLR for preparation in athletes endeavors. Therefore, we suggest that having more emphasis and focus on quadriceps strength and less emphasis on hamstring following ACLR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ACLR-coactivation" title="ACLR-coactivation">ACLR-coactivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamometry" title=" dynamometry"> dynamometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title=" electromyography"> electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isokinetic" title=" isokinetic"> isokinetic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50139/antagonist-coactivation-in-athletes-following-anterior-cruciate-ligament-reconstruction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Combined Effect of Therapeutic Exercises and Shock Wave versus Therapeutic Exercises and Phonophoresis in Treatment of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Mashaly">Mohamed M. Mashaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20F.%20El%20Shiwi"> Ahmed M. F. El Shiwi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Shoulder impingement syndrome is an encroachment of subacromial tissues, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa, and the long head of the biceps tendon, as a result of narrowing of the subacromial space. Activities requiring repetitive or sustained use of the arms over head often predispose the rotator cuff tendon to injury. Purpose: To compare between Combined effect therapeutic exercises and Shockwave therapy versus therapeutic exercises and phonophoresis in the treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed as shoulder impingement syndrome stage II Neer classification due to mechanical causes. Patients were randomly distributed into two equal groups. The first group consisted of 15 patients with a mean age of (45.46+8.64) received therapeutic exercises (stretching exercise of posterior shoulder capsule and strengthening exercises of shoulder muscles) and shockwave therapy (6000 shocks, 2000/session, 3 sessions, 2 weeks apart, 0.22mJ/mm^2) years. The second group consisted of 15 patients with a mean age of 46.26 (+ 8.05) received same therapeutic exercises and phonophoresis (3 times per week, each other day, for 4 consecutive weeks). Patients were evaluated pretreatment and post treatment for shoulder pain severity, shoulder functional disability, shoulder flexion, abduction and internal rotation motions. Results: Patients of both groups showed significant improvement in all the measured variables. In between groups difference the shock wave group showed a significant improvement in all measured variables than phonophoresis group. Interpretation/Conclusion: Combined effect of therapeutic exercises and shock wave were more effective than therapeutic exercises and phonophoresis on decreasing shoulder pain severity, shoulder functional disability, increasing in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoulder%20impingement%20syndrome" title="shoulder impingement syndrome">shoulder impingement syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=therapeutic%20exercises" title=" therapeutic exercises"> therapeutic exercises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shockwave" title=" shockwave"> shockwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonophoresis" title=" phonophoresis"> phonophoresis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23418/combined-effect-of-therapeutic-exercises-and-shock-wave-versus-therapeutic-exercises-and-phonophoresis-in-treatment-of-shoulder-impingement-syndrome-a-randomized-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> The Characteristics of Static Plantar Loading in the First-Division College Sprint Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tong-Hsien%20Chow">Tong-Hsien Chow</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Plantar pressure measurement is an effective method for assessing plantar loading and can be applied to evaluating movement performance of the foot. The purpose of this study is to explore the sprint athletes’ plantar loading characteristics and pain profiles in static standing. Methods: Experiments were undertaken on 80 first-division college sprint athletes and 85 healthy non-sprinters. ‘JC Mat’, the optical plantar pressure measurement was applied to examining the differences between both groups in the arch index (AI), three regional and six distinct sub-regional plantar pressure distributions (PPD), and footprint characteristics. Pain assessment and self-reported health status in sprint athletes were examined for evaluating their common pain areas. Results: Findings from the control group, the males’ AI fell into the normal range. Yet, the females’ AI was classified as the high-arch type. AI values of the sprint group were found to be significantly lower than the control group. PPD were higher at the medial metatarsal bone of both feet and the lateral heel of the right foot in the sprint group, the males in particular, whereas lower at the medial and lateral longitudinal arches of both feet. Footprint characteristics tended to support the results of the AI and PPD, and this reflected the corresponding pressure profiles. For the sprint athletes, the lateral knee joint and biceps femoris were the most common musculoskeletal pains. Conclusions: The sprint athletes’ AI were generally classified as high arches, and that their PPD were categorized between the features of runners and high-arched runners. These findings also correspond to the profiles of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)-related plantar pressure. The pain profiles appeared to correspond to the symptoms of high-arched runners and PFPS. The findings reflected upon the possible link between high arches and PFPS. The correlation between high-arched runners and PFPS development is worth further studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprint%20athletes" title="sprint athletes">sprint athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arch%20index" title=" arch index"> arch index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plantar%20pressure%20distributions" title=" plantar pressure distributions"> plantar pressure distributions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20arches" title=" high arches"> high arches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patellofemoral%20pain%20syndrome" title=" patellofemoral pain syndrome"> patellofemoral pain syndrome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44235/the-characteristics-of-static-plantar-loading-in-the-first-division-college-sprint-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biceps%20brachii&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biceps%20brachii&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>