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id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biološka_važnost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biološka_važnost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biološka važnost</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biološka_važnost-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Biološka važnost</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biološka_važnost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Funkcija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funkcija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Funkcija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funkcija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vitamin_C_i_tjelesne_tegobe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vitamin_C_i_tjelesne_tegobe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vitamin C i tjelesne tegobe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vitamin_C_i_tjelesne_tegobe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Vitamin C i tjelesne tegobe</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vitamin_C_i_tjelesne_tegobe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vitamin_C_i_infekcije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vitamin_C_i_infekcije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Vitamin C i infekcije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vitamin_C_i_infekcije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Virusne_infekcije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virusne_infekcije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Virusne infekcije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virusne_infekcije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakterijske_infekcije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakterijske_infekcije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Bakterijske infekcije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakterijske_infekcije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prehlada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehlada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Prehlada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehlada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astma_i_alergija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astma_i_alergija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Astma i alergija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astma_i_alergija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karcinom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karcinom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Karcinom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karcinom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Srčane_bolesti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Srčane_bolesti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Srčane bolesti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Srčane_bolesti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dijabetes_tipa_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dijabetes_tipa_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Dijabetes tipa II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dijabetes_tipa_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ovisnost_o_drogama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ovisnost_o_drogama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Ovisnost o drogama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ovisnost_o_drogama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ostale_bolesti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ostale_bolesti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Ostale bolesti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ostale_bolesti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doziranje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doziranje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Doziranje</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Doziranje-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Doziranje</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Doziranje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preporučene_dnevne_doze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preporučene_dnevne_doze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Preporučene dnevne doze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preporučene_dnevne_doze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nezavisni_znanstvenici_i_ustanove" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nezavisni_znanstvenici_i_ustanove"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Nezavisni znanstvenici i ustanove</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nezavisni_znanstvenici_i_ustanove-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mjere_opreza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mjere_opreza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mjere opreza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mjere_opreza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prirodni_i_umjetni_izvori_vitamina_C" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prirodni_i_umjetni_izvori_vitamina_C"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prirodni i umjetni izvori vitamina C</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prirodni_i_umjetni_izvori_vitamina_C-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Prirodni i umjetni izvori vitamina C</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prirodni_i_umjetni_izvori_vitamina_C-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biljni_izvori_vitamina_C" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biljni_izvori_vitamina_C"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Biljni izvori vitamina C</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biljni_izvori_vitamina_C-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Životinjski_izvori_vitamina_C" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Životinjski_izvori_vitamina_C"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Životinjski izvori vitamina C</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Životinjski_izvori_vitamina_C-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pripremanje_hrane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pripremanje_hrane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Pripremanje hrane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pripremanje_hrane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilješke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilješke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bilješke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilješke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vitamin C</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 95 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamien_C" title="Vitamien C – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vitamien C" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="فيتامين سي – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيتامين سي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%89" title="فيتامين سى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيتامين سى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_C" title="Vitamina C – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vitamina C" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_vitamini" title="C vitamini – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="C vitamini" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AB" title="ویتامین ث – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویتامین ث" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – balijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitamina_C" title="Bitamina C – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bitamina C" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Аскарбінавая кіслата – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аскарбінавая кіслата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_C" title="Вітамін C – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вітамін C" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_C" title="Витамин C – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Витамин C" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="विटामिन सी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विटामिन सी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF" title="ভিটামিন সি – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিটামিন সি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_C" title="Vitamina C – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vitamina C" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ڤیتامین سی – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤیتامین سی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitam%C3%ADn_C" title="Vitamín C – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vitamín C" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitamin_C" title="Fitamin C – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fitamin C" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%90%DE%A9" title="ވިޓަމިން ސީ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވިޓަމިން ސީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7_C" title="Βιταμίνη C – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιταμίνη C" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamino_C" title="Vitamino C – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vitamino C" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_C" title="Vitamina C – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vitamina C" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-vitamiin" title="C-vitamiin – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="C-vitamiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_bitamina" title="C bitamina – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="C bitamina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AB" title="ویتامین ث – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویتامین ث" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-vitamiini" title="C-vitamiini – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="C-vitamiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamine_C" title="Vitamine C – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vitamine C" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aig%C3%A9ad_ascorbach" title="Aigéad ascorbach – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aigéad ascorbach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_C" title="Vitamina C – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vitamina C" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_C" title="ויטמין C – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויטמין C" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="विटामिन सी – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विटामिन सी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6_C" title="Վիտամին C – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիտամին C" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%AB%D5%8D%D5%AB%C2%BB_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%A9" title="«Սի» կենսանիւթ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="«Սի» կենսանիւթ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-v%C3%ADtam%C3%ADn" title="C-vítamín – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="C-vítamín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acido_ascorbico" title="Acido ascorbico – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acido ascorbico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3C" title="ビタミンC – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビタミンC" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ასკორბინის მჟავა – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასკორბინის მჟავა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5" title="ಸಿ ಜೀವ ಸತ್ವ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿ ಜೀವ ಸತ್ವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%83%80%EB%AF%BC_C" title="비타민 C – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비타민 C" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="وٹامن سی – kašmirski" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="وٹامن سی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_C" title="Витамин C – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Витамин C" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaminum_C" title="Vitaminum C – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vitaminum C" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaminas_C" title="Vitaminas C – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vitaminas C" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_vitam%C4%ABns" title="C vitamīns – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="C vitamīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A6" title="Витамин Ц – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Витамин Ц" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF" title="ജീവകം സി – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീവകം സി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="क-जीवनसत्त्व – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क-जीवनसत्त्व" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="भिटामिन सी – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भिटामिन सी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamine_C" title="Vitamine C – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vitamine C" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-vitamin" title="C-vitamin – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="C-vitamin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_C" title="Vitamina C – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vitamina C" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%97" title="ଜୀବସାର ଗ – orijski" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜୀବସାର ଗ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80" title="ਵਿਟਾਮਿਨ ਸੀ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਟਾਮਿਨ ਸੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witamina_C" title="Witamina C – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Witamina C" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="ويټامن سي – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويټامن سي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_C" title="Vitamina C – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vitamina C" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_C" title="Vitamina C – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vitamina C" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1" title="Витамин С – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Витамин С" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamini_C" title="Vitamini C – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Vitamini C" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascurbatu" title="Ascurbatu – sicilijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ascurbatu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_C" title="විටමින් C – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විටමින් C" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyselina_askorbov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina askorbová – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kyselina askorbová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_C" title="Vitamina C – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitamina C" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A6" title="Витамин Ц – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Витамин Ц" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askorbinsyra" title="Askorbinsyra – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Askorbinsyra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamini_C" title="Vitamini C – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vitamini C" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="உயிர்ச்சத்து சி – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிர்ச்சத்து சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF" title="విటమిన్ సి – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విటమిన్ సి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5" title="วิตามินซี – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิตามินซี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitamina_C" title="Bitamina C – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bitamina C" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_vitamini" title="C vitamini – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="C vitamini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D3%99%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Аскорбин әчелеге – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Аскорбин әчелеге" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%9D_%D0%A1" title="ВИТАМИН С – tuvinski" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="ВИТАМИН С" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89%D9%86_C" title="ۋىتامىن C – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋىتامىن C" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_C" title="Вітамін C – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вітамін C" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC" title="حیاتین ج – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیاتین ج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askorbin_kislota" title="Askorbin kislota – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Askorbin kislota" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vitamin C" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitamina_C" title="Bitamina C – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bitamina C" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0C" title="维生素C – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="维生素C" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_C" title="וויטאמין C – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וויטאמין C" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0C" title="维生素C – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维生素C" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AE-t%C3%A1-m%C3%ADn_C" title="Bî-tá-mín C – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bî-tá-mín C" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BB%96%E5%91%BDC" title="維他命C – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維他命C" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q199678#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-izdvojeni" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Izabrani_%C4%8Dlanci" title="Ovo je izdvojeni članak – travanj 2008. Kliknite ovdje za više informacija."><img alt="Ovo je izdvojeni članak – travanj 2008. Kliknite ovdje za više informacija." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;"> <table border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 85%; border: 1px solid #CCCCCC; margin: 0.3em;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:L-Ascorbic_acid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/L-Ascorbic_acid.svg/200px-L-Ascorbic_acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/L-Ascorbic_acid.svg/300px-L-Ascorbic_acid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/L-Ascorbic_acid.svg/400px-L-Ascorbic_acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="367" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:L-ascorbic-acid-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/L-ascorbic-acid-3D-balls.png/200px-L-ascorbic-acid-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/L-ascorbic-acid-3D-balls.png/300px-L-ascorbic-acid-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/L-ascorbic-acid-3D-balls.png/400px-L-ascorbic-acid-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="border: none;"><div class="thumbcaption">Vitamin C</div></div></div> <p><b>Vitamin C</b> ili <b>askorbinska kiselina</b> je <a href="/wiki/Vitamini" title="Vitamini">vitamin</a> <a href="/wiki/Topljivost" title="Topljivost">topljiv</a> u <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vodi</a>, a prisutan je u svježem <a href="/wiki/Vo%C4%87e" title="Voće">voću</a> i <a href="/wiki/Povr%C4%87e" title="Povrće">povrću</a>. On je jedan od najispitanijih i najviše opisanih vitamina i prvi sintetski dobiveni vitamin. Sudjeluje kao reducens u brojnim biološkim procesima. Važan je za sintezu <a href="/wiki/Kolagen" title="Kolagen">kolagena</a> i <a href="/wiki/Karnitin" title="Karnitin">karnitina</a> te za <a href="/wiki/Metabolizam" title="Metabolizam">metabolizam</a> <a href="/wiki/Masne_kiseline" title="Masne kiseline">masnih kiselina</a>. Najjači je <a href="/wiki/Antioksidans" class="mw-redirect" title="Antioksidans">antioksidans</a> među vitaminima topljivim u vodi. Inače je vitamin C poznat po <a href="/wiki/Skorbut" title="Skorbut">skorbutu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolest" title="Bolest">bolesti</a> koja nastaje zbog njegovog nedostatka. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Scorbutic_tongue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Scorbutic_tongue.jpg/200px-Scorbutic_tongue.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Scorbutic_tongue.jpg/300px-Scorbutic_tongue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Scorbutic_tongue.jpg/400px-Scorbutic_tongue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption> Slika prikazuje dijete koje boluje od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avitaminoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avitaminoza (stranica ne postoji)">avitaminoze</a> zbog nedovoljnog unosa <a class="mw-selflink selflink">vitamina C</a>. Na slici možemo vidjeti karakteristični izgled jezika za <a href="/wiki/Skorbut" title="Skorbut">skorbut</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Scorbutic_gums.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Scorbutic_gums.jpg/200px-Scorbutic_gums.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Scorbutic_gums.jpg/300px-Scorbutic_gums.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Scorbutic_gums.jpg/400px-Scorbutic_gums.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3160" data-file-height="1901" /></a><figcaption> Slika prikazuje krvavu čeljust pacijenta koji boluje od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avitaminoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avitaminoza (stranica ne postoji)">avitaminoze</a> zbog nedovoljnog unosa <a class="mw-selflink selflink">vitamina C</a>. Na slici se vidi krvarenje čeljusti što je karakteristično za <a href="/wiki/Skorbut" title="Skorbut">skorbut</a>.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biološka_važnost"><span id="Biolo.C5.A1ka_va.C5.BEnost"></span>Biološka važnost</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Biološka važnost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Biološka važnost"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Askorbinska kiselina je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketolakton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketolakton (stranica ne postoji)">ketolakton</a> sa šest <a href="/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik">ugljikovih</a> <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a> pa je po strukturi jako slična glukozi. U organizmu se reverzibilno <a href="/wiki/Oksidacija" title="Oksidacija">oksidira</a> do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehidroaskorbinska_kiselina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehidroaskorbinska kiselina (stranica ne postoji)">dehidroaskorbinske kiseline</a>, koja posjeduje potpunu vitaminsku aktivnost. To je bijeli <a href="/wiki/Kristali" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristali">kristalni</a> prah, bez <a href="/wiki/Miris" title="Miris">mirisa</a>, kiselog <a href="/wiki/Okus" title="Okus">okusa</a> i osjetljiv na <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlost</a>. Lako se otapa u vodi i u <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" class="mw-disambig" title="Alkohol">alkoholu</a> te je praktički netopljiv u <a href="/wiki/Kloroform" title="Kloroform">kloroformu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Eteri" title="Eteri">eteru</a>. Izuzetno je nestabilna i lako gubi svojstva skladištenjem i prokuhavanjem. Podložna je oksidaciji, posebno na <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zraku</a> i pod utjecajem <a href="/wiki/Lu%C5%BEine" title="Lužine">alkalija</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">željeza</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bakar_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakar (element)">bakra</a>. </p><p>Najbogatiji izvor vitamina c su raznoliko <a href="/wiki/Vo%C4%87e" title="Voće">voće</a> i <a href="/wiki/Povr%C4%87e" title="Povrće">povrće</a>. To su prije svega <a href="/wiki/Agrumi" title="Agrumi">agrumi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naran%C4%8Da" title="Naranča">naranče</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandarina" title="Mandarina">mandarine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limun" title="Limun">limun</a>), <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ipak" class="mw-disambig" title="Šipak">šipak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1nja" title="Višnja">višnja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crni_ribiz" title="Crni ribiz">crni ribiz</a>, lisnato povrće, <a href="/wiki/Kupus" title="Kupus">kupus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krumpir" title="Krumpir">krumpir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a> i dr. U <a href="/wiki/Mlijeko" title="Mlijeko">mlijeku</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje">životinjskim</a> <a href="/wiki/Tkivo" title="Tkivo">tkivima</a> se nalazi malo vitamina C. Preporučene dnevne količine (<a href="/wiki/RDA" class="mw-redirect" title="RDA">RDA</a>) za odraslu zdravu osobu iznosi 75-90 <a href="/wiki/Miligram" class="mw-redirect" title="Miligram">mg</a> dok se u terapiji koriste i znatno veće doze. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funkcija">Funkcija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Funkcija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Funkcija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg/230px-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg/345px-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg/460px-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>Mikro<a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristali</a> vitamina C u unakrsno polariziranom osvjetljenju.</figcaption></figure> <p>Askorbinska kiselina funkcionira kao koenzim u brojnim reakcijama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidroksiliranje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidroksiliranje (stranica ne postoji)">hidroksiliranja</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amidiranje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amidiranje (stranica ne postoji)">amidiranja</a>. Svojim dehidro-oblikom reverzibilni je oksido-redukcijski <a href="/wiki/Sustav" title="Sustav">sustav</a>, koji ima važnu ulogu u oksido-reduktivnim procesima i u <a href="/wiki/Stani%C4%8Dno_disanje" title="Stanično disanje">staničnom disanju</a>. Ima veliku ulogu u stvaranju <a href="/wiki/Kolagen" title="Kolagen">kolagena</a> značajnog za razvoj i regeneraciju <a href="/wiki/Tkivo" title="Tkivo">tkiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krvne_%C5%BEile" class="mw-redirect" title="Krvne žile">krvnih žila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosti">kostiju</a> i <a href="/wiki/Zubi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zubi">zuba</a>. Vrlo je važno znati da povećava otpornost organizma prema <a href="/wiki/Virusi" title="Virusi">virusnim</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bakterije" title="Bakterije">bakterijskim</a> <a href="/wiki/Infekcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Infekcija">infekcijama</a> uključujući i <a href="/wiki/Alergije" class="mw-redirect" title="Alergije">alergije</a>, učinkovita je kod <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolesti_di%C5%A1nih_putova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolesti dišnih putova (stranica ne postoji)">bolesti dišnih putova</a> i još niz drugih bolesti. </p><p>Nedovoljan unos vitamina C može dovesti do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avitaminoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avitaminoza (stranica ne postoji)">avitaminoze</a>. On se najčešće događa kod djece, <a href="/wiki/Alkoholizam" title="Alkoholizam">alkoholičara</a> i starijih osoba. Izraziti nedostatak tog vitamina dovodi do bolesti, koja se zove skorbut. Patogenetska podloga skorbuta obuhvaća nemogućnost stvaranja kolagena. Najznačajnije se promjene zbivaju na <a href="/wiki/Kosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosti">kostima</a> i u <a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krvnim</a> <a href="/wiki/Kapilare" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapilare">kapilarama</a> (kosti postaju lomljive, <a href="/wiki/Zglobovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zglobovi">zglobovi</a> otiču). <a href="/wiki/Zubi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zubi">Zubi</a> postaju klimavi, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zubno_meso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zubno meso (stranica ne postoji)">zubno meso</a> je otečeno i krvari. Česta popratna pojava skorbuta je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipokromna_anemija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipokromna anemija (stranica ne postoji)">hipokromna anemija</a>. </p><p>Mnogi <a href="/wiki/Znanstvenici" class="mw-redirect" title="Znanstvenici">znanstvenici</a> preporučuju uprabu velikih doza askorbinske kiseline čak preventivno za zdraviji život. Ali ne treba pretjerivati, jer prevelike doze kalijevog askorbata (jedna od tri vrste c vitamina) mogu dovesti do stvaranja <a href="/wiki/Bubre%C5%BEni_kamenac" title="Bubrežni kamenac">bubrežnih kamenaca</a> dok to za unos putem natrijevog ascorbata nije potvrđeno. </p><p>Askorbat je jedan od glavnih antioksidantnih spojeva, a njegova funkcija je samostalno uklanjanje molekula slobodnih radikala i mikroba, uz potporu drugih vitamina poput <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitamina E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">vitamina A</a> i <a href="/wiki/Minerali" title="Minerali">minerala</a> kao što su <a href="/wiki/Selen" class="mw-redirect" title="Selen">selen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">cink</a>. Vitamin C ima široku lepezu blagotvornog djelovanja na organizam. </p> <table class="prettytable" align="right"> <caption><b>Sigurnost primjene vitamina C za liječenje određenih tegoba</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">opis djelovanja </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffdead;">Zdravstvene tegobe </th></tr> <tr> <td width="200px"><b>Postoje pouzdani znanstveni dokazi</b> koji ukazuju na utjecaj C vitamina u liječenju sljedećih tegoba </td> <td width="200px">Bronhitis, modrica, krhkost kapilara, prehlada, glaukom, povišeni kolesterol, infekcije, skorbut, zacjeljivanje rana </td></tr> <tr> <td width="200px"><b>Postoje kontroverzni ili nedovoljni podaci</b> ili tek preliminarne studije koje ukazuju na minimalni utjecaj C vitamina u liječenju sljedećih tegoba </td> <td width="200px">katarakta, dijabetes, imunosna funkcija, gripa </td></tr> <tr> <td width="200px"><b>Koristi se tradicionalno</b> i ima malo znanstvenih dokaza o njegovom djelovanju u liječenju sljedećih tegoba </td> <td width="200px">Odvikavanje od alkohola, astma, ateroskleroza, visoki krvni tlak, sinusitis, infekcije urinarnog trakta, vitiligo </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vitamin_C_i_tjelesne_tegobe">Vitamin C i tjelesne tegobe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Vitamin C i tjelesne tegobe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vitamin C i tjelesne tegobe"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Goat_with_unusual_horns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Goat_with_unusual_horns.jpg/220px-Goat_with_unusual_horns.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Goat_with_unusual_horns.jpg/330px-Goat_with_unusual_horns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Goat_with_unusual_horns.jpg/440px-Goat_with_unusual_horns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption> Koze, kao i većina životinja proizvode svoj vlastiti <b>vitamin C</b>. Odrasla koza može proizvesti više od 13.000 mg vitamina C u jednom danu. U slučaju stresa proizvodi veću količinu tog nutrijenta.</figcaption></figure> <p>Prije je preporučena doza vitamina C iznosila 60 mg, međutim danas kao što već piše gore je 75-90 mg ovisno o tome radi li se o muškarcu ili ženi, u znanstvenim krugovima se ozbiljno razmišlja o pomaku preporučene doze na 100-200 mg. Od vremena kada je prvi puta određivana optimalna doza vitamina C, znanost je naučila mnogo toga. Za prevenciju bolesti potreban je pun gram, odnosno 1000 mg, što je 13 puta više od preporučene doze. 60 mg vitamina C je sasvim dovoljno za sprječavanje pojave skorbuta i krvarenja desni. U prošlosti je koncenzus od maksimalnih 300 mg vitamina C postignut prema pretpostavci da toksična doza mora biti u nekom omjeru s najmanjom potrebnom količinom askorbinske kiseline. Posljedica takvog zaključka je nosila za sobom rijetko ispitivanje utjecaja većih doza. Međutim, u posljednja dva desetljeća stvari su se promijenile, pa je i 1000 mg <i>politički ispravno</i>. A stvarna doza vitamina C je mnogo veća od službeno određene količine.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ljudi, primati, zamorci i nekoliko drugih vrsta životinja ne mogu sintetizirati C vitamin u organizmu. <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje">Životinje</a> koje to mogu u prosjeku stvaraju 30 mg po kilogramu tjelesne težine, za osobu tešku 70 kg to znači 2 g vitamina C dnevno. Pod stresom, <a href="/wiki/Mi%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Miš">miševi</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0takor" class="mw-redirect" title="Štakor">štakori</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kuni%C4%87" title="Kunić">kunići</a> stvaraju sedmerostruko veću količinu askorbinske kiseline. </p> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left:3%; padding-right:3%; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); text-align: left; font-size:95%"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/15px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> »Našem organizmu je potrebno najmanje tri puta više C vitamina od preporučene dnevne doze.«<div>(<small>Mark Levine</small>)</div></div><p><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prisustvo vitamina C u mokraći ne govori ništa o tome ima li u tijelu dovoljno ili previše tog vitamina. Čak četvrtina ljudi u zapadno-razvijenim zemljama konzumira manje od 35 mg vitamina C dnevno,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> što potkrepljuje činjenica da Vitamin C koji bismo inače konzumirali hranom toplinskom i biokemijskom obradom iščezava, a ono što ipak uđe u tijelo zbog stresa, pušenja i drugih uzroka onečišćenja poput izloženosti smogu i dimu, brzo izgara. Često upotrebljavani lijekovi poput <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspirin">aspirina</a> i kontracepcijskih sredstava brzo troše tjelesne zalihe ovog vitamina. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Albert_Szent-Gyorgyi_at_the_Santa_Lucia_feast_in_Stockholm_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Albert_Szent-Gyorgyi_at_the_Santa_Lucia_feast_in_Stockholm_1937.jpg/300px-Albert_Szent-Gyorgyi_at_the_Santa_Lucia_feast_in_Stockholm_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Albert_Szent-Gyorgyi_at_the_Santa_Lucia_feast_in_Stockholm_1937.jpg/450px-Albert_Szent-Gyorgyi_at_the_Santa_Lucia_feast_in_Stockholm_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Albert_Szent-Gyorgyi_at_the_Santa_Lucia_feast_in_Stockholm_1937.jpg/600px-Albert_Szent-Gyorgyi_at_the_Santa_Lucia_feast_in_Stockholm_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Albert Szent-Györgyi</a> na festivalu Santa Lucia 1937.g; Stockholm - nagrađen 1937. <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziologiju_ili_medicinu" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziologiju ili medicinu">Nobelovom nagradom za fiziologiju ili medicinu</a>, zbog otkrića vitamina C i staničnog disanja</figcaption></figure> <p>Kada je <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Albert Szent-Györgyi von Nagyrapolt</a>, liječnik otkrio C vitamin zapravo je u namirnicama s askorbinskom kiselinom pronašao čitav kompleks tvari srodan vitaminu C. Upravo je <b>C-kompleks</b> odgovoran za impresivna terapijska dostignuća. C-kompleks je zapravo kompleks tvari točnije askorbata i <a href="/wiki/Bioflavonoidi" title="Bioflavonoidi">bioflavonoida</a>. Bioflavonoida kao što je rutin, ima oko 800 vrsta i svi djeluju u sinergiji s vitaminom C. Kada bi u terapijske svrhe koristili čitav C-kompleks tada bi se terapijske doze mogle smanjiti, pa bi uz manje doze imali iste ili bolje učinke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vitamin_C_i_infekcije">Vitamin C i infekcije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Vitamin C i infekcije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vitamin C i infekcije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vitamin C potiče rad našeg imunološkog sustava i ubija bakterije. Ako ga ima dovoljno gotovo sve stanice u našem organizmu dobivaju potporu od ovog vitamina, ali najveću korist imaju <a href="/wiki/Interferon" title="Interferon">interferon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antitijela" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitijela">antitijela</a> i bijela <a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krvna</a> tjelešca <i>(<a href="/wiki/Leukociti" title="Leukociti">leukociti</a>)</i>, koja tijekom bolesti gube vitamin C.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moguće je uspješno liječenje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Furunkuloza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Furunkuloza (stranica ne postoji)">furunkuloze</a>, koja se manifestira kao ružna kožna infekcija koja kao rezultat ima brojne čireve po koži. Vitamin C je uspješan u slučaju kada imamo infekcijom narušena bijela krvna tjelešca. Davan po jedan gram vitamina C bi posve očistilo kožu<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim žrtve čireva čija su bijela krvna tjelešca normalno djeluju nemaju veće koristi od takvog lječenja. </p><p>Trkači <a href="/wiki/Maraton" title="Maraton">maratona</a> s jednim gramom dnevno vitamina C mogu izbjeći infekcije gornjih dišnih putova koje obično nastupaju nakon natjecanja<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Virusne_infekcije">Virusne infekcije</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Virusne infekcije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Virusne infekcije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vitamin C</a> bi mogao biti neobično dobro sredstvo protiv <a href="/wiki/Virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus">virusnih</a> infekcija kao što su <a href="/wiki/Sindrom_kroni%C4%8Dnog_umora" title="Sindrom kroničnog umora">sindrom kroničnog umora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">hepatitis</a> i različite vrste <a href="/wiki/Herpes_simpleks" title="Herpes simpleks">herpesa</a> pa i <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a>-a. Kod virusnih infekcija postoji pravilo <i>tolerancije crijeva</i> koju je razvio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_F._Cathcart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert F. Cathcart (stranica ne postoji)">Robert F. Cathcart</a>. Što je veća tolerancija crijeva to više vitamina C možemo podnijeti. Kad organizam dokući da ima previše vitamina C <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crijeva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crijeva (stranica ne postoji)">crijeva</a> se opuste i izazovu privremeni proljev, a što je bolest ozbiljnija, tolerancija je veća. Kod težih slučajeva <a href="/wiki/Mononukleoza" title="Mononukleoza">mononukleoze</a>, hepatitisa ili AIDS-a pacijenti tijekom dana mogu uzeti više od <b>50 grama</b> C vitamina bez izazivanja proljeva.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davanje velikih doza vitamina C intravenozno u praksu uvodi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Klenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Klenner (stranica ne postoji)">Fred Klenner</a> koji je eksperimentirao s <i>mega dozama</i> vitamina C i tako liječio <a href="/wiki/Poliomijelitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliomijelitis">poliomijelitis</a> kod osoba oboljelih od AIDS-a.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neradi se o posebnoj terapiji protiv AIDS-a, ali se pokazalo u laboratorijskim stručnim istraživanjima da C vitamin blokira razmnožavanje virusa u <a href="/wiki/Stanica" title="Stanica">staničnim</a> kulturama,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nadalje vitamin C sprječava slabljenje imunološkog sustava. Vitamin C može služiti i za vanjsku primjenu kod liječenja Kaposijevih lezija kao česte komplikacije osoba s HIV virusom. Manje doze od 100 grama za oboljele od AIDS-a-a nisu toliko djelotvorne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bakterijske_infekcije">Bakterijske infekcije</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Bakterijske infekcije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bakterijske infekcije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vitamin C</a> se jednako bori i protiv bakterijskih infekcija. Imunološki sustav pruža dobar odgovor na C vitamin što je dobro jer je ponekad teško razlučiti virusne ili bakterijske upale pluća ili bronhitisa.C vitamin se dobro nosi s neugodnim infekcijama dišnih putova.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kod akutnog i infektivnog napada, ako imunološki sustav neometano radi pobijedit će oba izazova. Upravo bi tu strategiju trebali koristiti kod prvih znakova pojave neke bolesti svejedno radilo se o virusnoj ili bakterijskoj infekciji. Terapiju treba podupirati s <a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">cinkom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">vitaminom A</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bioflavonoidi" title="Bioflavonoidi">bioflavonoidima</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prehlada">Prehlada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Prehlada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prehlada"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dokazi iz više od dvadeset istraživanja govore u prilog tvrdnji o smanjivanju jačine simptoma prehlade. No, vitamin C ne liječi prehladu. Jedan gram dnevno vitamina C može skratiti trajanje prehlade za oko 20%,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ako se doze povećaju do 6 grama vitamin C se pokazuje nešto djelotvorniji u smanjivanju simptoma prehlade i skraćivanju trajanja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astma_i_alergija">Astma i alergija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Astma i alergija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Astma i alergija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vitamin C</a> u dnevnim količinama od jednog grama počinje dijelovati kao <a href="/wiki/Antihistaminik" title="Antihistaminik">antihistaminik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim rezultati konzumiranja vitamina C u smislu manjih alergijskih reakcija ne moraju se primjećivati tjednima. </p><p>Više od sedam istraživanja ukazuju, da dnevne doze od 1-2 grama vitamina C poboljšavaju funkciju <a href="/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća">pluća</a> i smanjuju opasnost od astmatičnog napada.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jednaka količina prema dvostruko slijepoj provjeri štiti bronhijske putove i pluća od niske <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelud" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelud">peludne</a> groznice i <a href="/wiki/Smog" title="Smog">smoga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dva grama vitamina C dnevno kod skupine djece i adolescenata posve su uklonila <a href="/wiki/Astma" title="Astma">astmu</a> izazvanu tjelesnim naporom.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karcinom">Karcinom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Karcinom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Karcinom"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mnogi vitamin C smatraju najsnažnijim antikarcenogenim hranjivom.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vitamin C je u ovom području medicine postao slavan, zbog sprječavanja stvaranja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrosamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrosamin (stranica ne postoji)">nitrosamina</a>, kancerogene tvari. Nitrosamin se u tijelu stvara od <a href="/wiki/Nitrati" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrati">nitrata</a>, koji se nalaze u prerađenim mesnim namirnicama, <a href="/wiki/Duhan" title="Duhan">duhanu</a>, ali i u prirodnim želučanim izlučevinama. Djalovanje vitamina C ovdje doprinosi sprječavanju nastanka raka u želucu i gastrointestinalnom sustavu. Gram ili više askorbata dnevno smanjuje opasnost od raka <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeludac" title="Želudac">želuca</a> i predtumorskih lezija.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vitamin C štiti od raka dojke.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> crvikalnog raka te predtumorskih promjena stanica <i>(cervikalna displazija)</i>. Nedovoljna konzumacija ovog vitamina povećava opasnost od raka gušterače, dok optimalna doza smanjuje tu opasnost. </p><p>Osamdeset i osam populacijskih studija je pokazalo, da vitaminom C možemo preventivno djelovati kod sljedećih malignih bolesti: rak debelog crijeva, rak mokraćnog mjehura, rak endometrija i raka jednjaka.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kod osoba s karcinomom u završnoj fazi vitamina C podiže kvalitetu preostalog života i produljuje ga. Rađeno je istraživanje na 100 ljudi u završnoj fazi te opake bolesti s količinom od 10 grama dnevno. Preživjeli su četiri puta dulje od očekivanog,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a nakon samo 5 dana terapije pacijenti su izjavljivali, da se osjećaju bolje, jače i prisebnije također im se poboljšao i tek. Brojne studije potvrđuju isto za višegramske doze C vitamina.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vitamin C <b>nije lijek protiv raka</b>, ali pomaže tijelu svojim omatanjem u tkiva na način da štiti zdrave stanice pa se karcenogene stanice teže šire preko zdravog tkiva. Dokazano je da Vitaminom C možemo smanjiti posljedice konvencionalnih terapija protiv raka <i>(kirurški zahvati, zračenje i <a href="/wiki/Kemoterapija" title="Kemoterapija">kemoterapija</a>)</i> koje destruktivno djeluju na askorbate. Askorbinska kiselina već u dozi od 40 grama pojačava pozitivno djelovanje kemoterapije, a smanjuje one negativne popratne pojave kemoterapije kao što je opadanje kose.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Srčane_bolesti"><span id="Sr.C4.8Dane_bolesti"></span>Srčane bolesti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Srčane bolesti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Srčane bolesti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mala količina vitamina C u tkivima predstavlja stvarnu opasnost od srčanih bolesti.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sprječava pretvorbu masnoća u aterosklerotične naslage.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sprječava oksidaciju lipoproteina male gustoće. Izvedeno je istraživanje nad pušačima koji su dnevno uzimali 1 gram vitamina C kojim je dokazana smanjena oksidacija LDL kolesterola.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Druga studija ukazuje da je debljina stjenke vratnih karotidnih <a href="/wiki/Arterije" class="mw-redirect" title="Arterije">arterija</a> najveća kod osoba, koje konzumiraju male količine vitamina C, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitamina E</a> i <a href="/wiki/Karotenoidi" title="Karotenoidi">karotenoida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vitamin E i beta-karoten usporavaju oksidaciju LDL-<a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterola</a>, a potom ju vitamin C posve sprječava. </p><p>Gram vitamina C ima dvostruko veći antioksidacijski potencijal od čaše crnog vina, međutim vitamin C ne dijeli loša svojstva alkohola u trošenju mineralnih zalika i nadraživanju <a href="/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra">jetre</a>. Dokazano je, da velika konzumirana količina askorbinske kiseline povećava koncentraciju <i>dobrog</i> HDL-kolesterola, oblika koji štiti arterije.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kada se dnevno koristi u dozi od dva grama primjećuje se smanjenje broja nenormalnih <a href="/wiki/Arterija" title="Arterija">arterijskih</a> splazama ili stezanja; kod oboljelih od <a href="/wiki/Sr%C4%8Dane_bolesti" title="Srčane bolesti">srčanih bolesti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kako bi se odgovorilo na pitanje djelotvornosti vitamina C, kardiolozi su 119-orici pacijenata nad kojima je bio učinjen angioplastični zahvat davali po 500mg C vitamina dnevno. Uobičajeno je, da zbog ponovnog začepljenja krvnih žila jedna trećina takvih pacijenata bude ponovno podvrgnuta istom operativnom zahvatu, međutim samo je 14% pacijenata moralo ponoviti zahvat.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dijabetes_tipa_II">Dijabetes tipa II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Dijabetes tipa II" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dijabetes tipa II"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">Dijabetes</a> tipa II</b> je dijabetes o <a href="/wiki/Inzulin" title="Inzulin">inzulinu</a> neovisan tip šećerne bolesti. Glavna posljedica te bolesti je ateroskleroza. Vitamin C ne liječi dijabetes, ali može blagotvorno djelovati, jer štiti od nakupljanja kolesterola i od štete koja može biti uzrokovana prevelikom razinom šećera - <i>v.<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glikacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glikacija (stranica ne postoji)">glikacija</a></i>. Razina šećera se i dalje mora kontrolirati pravilnom prehranom, tabletama i redovnom tjelovježbom, no po nekim istraživanjima dva grama dnevno askorbinske kiseline ima učinak nadzora šećera <i>(v. <a href="/wiki/Glukoza" title="Glukoza">glukoze</a>)</i> u krvi.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ovisnost_o_drogama">Ovisnost o drogama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Ovisnost o drogama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ovisnost o drogama"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Višegramske doze vitamina C i to do 50 grama dnevno posebice u kombinaciji s <a href="/wiki/B-kompleks" title="B-kompleks">B-kompleksom</a> pokazali su se dobrim u uklanjanju loših simptoma na terapiji odvikavanja od <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroina</a>. Vitamin C se pokazao sigurnijim i djelotvornijim od <a href="/wiki/Metadon" title="Metadon">metadona</a>, koji zapravo, ovisnost o jednoj tvari zamjenjuje drugom.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ostale_bolesti">Ostale bolesti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Ostale bolesti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ostale bolesti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Visoki krvni tlak je jedan od čimbenika, koji doprinosi srčanim bolestima. Po nekim istraživanjima doza od jednog grama dnevno vitamina C bi trebala smanjiti krvni tlak.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prevladavanje duševnih i tjelesnih posljedica uzrokovanih stresom dosta ovisi o vitaminu C. Nadbubrežna žljezda proizvodi hormone potrebne prilikom stresnih situacija. Ti <a href="/wiki/Hormoni" title="Hormoni">hormoni</a> sadrže više askorbata od bilo kojeg drugog djela tijela. Vitamin C pomaže u stvaranju stresnih hormona i štiti od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toksini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toksini (stranica ne postoji)">toksina</a> stvorenih njihovom tjelesnom pretvorbom. </p><p><b>Vitamin C</b> nikako ne doprinosi mršavljenju, ali svakako sam postupak mršavljenja može pomoći. Ako koristimo razne redukcijske dijete ili samo smanjimo kalorijski unos za određeni broj kalorija i uz to koristimo tjelovježbu tada dolazi do izgaranja masnoća, ali u tom čitavom procesu dolazi i do oslobađanja toksina. Vitamin C potpomaže zdravo mršavljenje tako što sprječava oksidaciju i štiti organizam od toksina. Na kraju vitamin C potpomaže i <a href="/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra">jetru</a>, da izdrži veće napore uzrokovane većim brojem slobodnih radikala oslobođenih tijekom gubitka težine. </p><p>Urični artritis, nastaje zbog taloženja mokračne kiseline na u zglobovima. Mokraćna kiselina je produkt razgradnje <a href="/wiki/Purin" title="Purin">purina</a>, koji se nalazi u mesu. <a href="/wiki/Giht" title="Giht">Giht</a> izaziva bolove u <a href="/wiki/Zglob" title="Zglob">zglobovima</a> i nateknuća zglobova. Jedina terapija je dijeta, dok su analgetici jedini izlaz kod bolova. </p><p>Prema nekom ispitivanju vitamin C u količini od 2 grama dnevno je usporio stvaranje žučnih kamenaca.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vitamin C pruža očima antioksidativnu te tako sprječava nastanak mrene i usporava njezin razvoj. Za takvo djelovanje potrebno je oko 800mg dnevno C i to u kombinaciji s <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitaminom E</a> i prirodnim beta-karotenom. Askorbinska kiselina u dozi od 500 mg također smanjuje očni tlak (v. <a href="/wiki/Glaukom" title="Glaukom">Glaukom</a>) te tako smanjuje opasnost od nastanka glaukoma, mnogo češćeg kod nižih koncentracija vitamina C u organizmu<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doziranje">Doziranje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Doziranje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Doziranje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/RDA" class="mw-redirect" title="RDA">RDA</a> <i>Recommended Dietary Allowance</i> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=UL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UL (stranica ne postoji)">UL</a> <i>Tolerable Upper Intake Level</i> - Vitamina C </th></tr> <tr> <td>RDA za muškarca </td> <td>90 <a href="/wiki/Miligram" class="mw-redirect" title="Miligram">mg</a> po danu </td></tr> <tr> <td>RDA za ženu </td> <td>75 <a href="/wiki/Miligram" class="mw-redirect" title="Miligram">mg</a> po danu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maksimalna gornja granica za muškarca </td> <td>2,000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milligram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milligram (stranica ne postoji)">mg</a> po danu </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maksimalna gornja granica za ženu </td> <td>2,000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milligram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milligram (stranica ne postoji)">mg</a> po danu </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/RDA" class="mw-redirect" title="RDA">RDA</a> vitamina C</b> nije dovoljna količina tog nutrijenta po mišljenju većine znanstvenika. Odnedavno, stručnjaci sugeriraju povećavanje RDA na 100 - 200 mg vitamina C dnevno za odrasle. Doza vitamina C od 500mg, pa i od jednog grama, je postala <i>politički</i> ispravna što je opravdano činjenicom količine vitamina C u raznim farmaceutskim proizvodima askorbata <i>(C-500, C-1000)</i>. Uvijek je bolje koristiti prirodnu inačicu vitamina C, jer dolazi s <a href="/wiki/Bioflavonoidi" title="Bioflavonoidi">bioflavonoidima</a>. 75mg od ukupne količine vitamina C trebalo bi potjecati iz namirnica. </p><p>Neki znanstvenici tvrde, da veće doze od 10 grama mogu poticati stvaranje bubrežnih kamenaca i da vitamin C u takvim dozama uništava tjelesne zalihe <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">vitamina B<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle _{12}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle _{12}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/90bd2321cc9b2b443e64040f5d3a01b1675824aa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.876ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle _{12}}"></span></a>, a neki opet tvrde, kako je uzimanje velikih doza izuzetno i nedvosmisleno sigurno i da su tvrdnje o suprotnom opovrgnute. </p><p>Činjenice: </p> <ul><li>tijelo koristi vitamin C ubrzo nakon što ga primi zato dnevne doze treba raspodijeliti tijekom dana.</li> <li>u terapeutskom liječenju vitaminom C naglo prekidanje dnevne doze može dovesti do <b>odskočnog <a href="/wiki/Skorbut" title="Skorbut">skorbuta</a></b>.</li> <li>Vitamin C je najbolje konzumirati s obrokom, jer probavni enzimi pospješuju koncentraciju vitamina u krvi.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preporučene_dnevne_doze"><span id="Preporu.C4.8Dene_dnevne_doze"></span>Preporučene dnevne doze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Preporučene dnevne doze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Preporučene dnevne doze"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Znanstvenici se ne mogu posve složiti o potrebnoj količini vitamina C pa različite ustanove preporučuju različite količine. </p> <ul><li>40 miligrama po danu: preporučuje <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeno_Kraljevstvo" title="Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo">UK</a> agencija za hranu - UKFSA</li> <li>45 miligrama po danu: preporučuje <a href="/wiki/Svjetska_zdravstvena_organizacija" title="Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija">WHO</a> <i>(World Health Organization)</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>60–95 miligrama po danu: <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države">Sjedinjene Američke Države</a> - <i>United States National Academy of Sciences</i></li></ul> <p>No definirana je i doza bez posebnog rizika za popratne pojave <a href="/w/index.php?title=UL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UL (stranica ne postoji)">UL</a> <i>(Tolerable Upper Intake Level)</i> za odraslog muškarca je 2,000 miligrama po danu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nezavisni_znanstvenici_i_ustanove">Nezavisni znanstvenici i ustanove</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odlomak: Nezavisni znanstvenici i ustanove" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nezavisni znanstvenici i ustanove"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nezavisni znanstveni pioniri koji se ne slažu s <a href="/wiki/RDA" class="mw-redirect" title="RDA">RDA</a> preporučenim dozama, izračunali su ove količine: </p> <ul><li>400 miligrama po danu: Linus Pauling Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>500 miligrama po 12 sati, znači 1000 miligrama po danu: Profesor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roc_Ordman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roc Ordman (stranica ne postoji)">Roc Ordman</a>, istraživač na polju biokemije specijaliziran za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slobodni_radikali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slobodni radikali (stranica ne postoji)">slobodne radikale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>3,000 miligrama po danu <i>(do 300,000 mg za vrijeme bolesti)</i>: Vitamin C Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>6,000–12,000 miligrama po danu: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_E._Levy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas E. Levy (stranica ne postoji)">Thomas E. Levy</a>, Colorado Integrative Medical Centre.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>6,000–18,000 miligrama po danu: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Paulingovo</a> osobno korištenje vitamina C .<sup id="cite_ref-Pauling_book_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pauling_book-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mjere_opreza">Mjere opreza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odlomak: Mjere opreza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mjere opreza"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prije uzimanja vitamina C treba se posavjetovati s liječnikom kod: </p> <ol><li><b>dijabetesa</b></li> <li><b>bolesti bubrega</b> i povećanog rizik od bubrežnih kamenaca</li></ol> <dl><dd>Treba prestati s uzimanjem askorbinska kiseline ako nastane alergijska reakcija - poteškoće s disanjem, sužavanje grla, oticanje usnica, jezika ili lica.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Treba smanjiti dozu ako se pojavi: proljev, mučnina ili disurija.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prirodni_i_umjetni_izvori_vitamina_C">Prirodni i umjetni izvori vitamina C</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi odlomak: Prirodni i umjetni izvori vitamina C" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=18" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prirodni i umjetni izvori vitamina C"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Rose_hip.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Rose_hip.JPG/220px-Rose_hip.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Rose_hip.JPG/330px-Rose_hip.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Rose_hip.JPG/440px-Rose_hip.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption> Plod <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ipak" class="mw-disambig" title="Šipak">šipka</a> je bogat C vitaminom</figcaption></figure> <p>Bogati prirodni izvori vitamina C su <a href="/wiki/Vo%C4%87e" title="Voće">voće</a> i <a href="/wiki/Povr%C4%87e" title="Povrće">povrće</a>. Vitamin C se može pronaći i u mesu posebice u jetri. Umjetni dodaci vitamina C su vitaminske tablete, sokovi i vitaminski prah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biljni_izvori_vitamina_C">Biljni izvori vitamina C</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi odlomak: Biljni izvori vitamina C" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=19" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Biljni izvori vitamina C"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biljke su dobar izvor vitamina C, iako količina vitamina C u pojedinim biljnim vrstama varira i ovisi o: klimatskim uvjetima u kojima je biljka izrastala i kakvoći tla, svježini ploda <i>(stajanjem ubrane biljke vitamin C oksidira)</i> i zavisi o načinu obrađivanja biljke u svrhu konzumacije <i>(kuhanje, sjeckanje, mljevenje)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sljedeće tablice približno prikazuju relativne odnose količina vitamina C u pojedinim biljnim vrstama.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Količina vitamina C je promatrana u miligramima za 100 grama biljne namirnice. Količine vitamina C su prikazane kao srednje vrijednosti od više mjerenja. </p> <div style="float:left; padding: 1em;"> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th>Biljka </th> <th>Količina askorbata<br /> (mg / 100g) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kakadu_%C5%A1ljiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kakadu šljiva (stranica ne postoji)">Kakadu šljiva</a></td> <td>3150 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camu_Camu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camu Camu (stranica ne postoji)">Camu Camu</a> -<i>Myrciaria dubia</i></td> <td>2800 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ipak" class="mw-disambig" title="Šipak">Šipak</a></td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acerola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acerola (stranica ne postoji)">Acerola</a></td> <td>1600 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indijski_ogrozd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indijski ogrozd (stranica ne postoji)">Indijski ogrozd</a></td> <td>720 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDi%C5%BEula" title="Žižula">Kineska datulja</a></td> <td>500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baobab" class="mw-redirect" title="Baobab">Baobab</a></td> <td>400 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crni_ribiz" title="Crni ribiz">Crni ribiz</a></td> <td>200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crvena_paprika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crvena paprika (stranica ne postoji)">Crvena paprika</a></td> <td>190 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Per%C5%A1in" title="Peršin">Peršin</a></td> <td>130 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seabuckthorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seabuckthorn (stranica ne postoji)">Seabuckthorn</a></td> <td>120 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gujava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gujava (stranica ne postoji)">Gujava</a></td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aktinidija" title="Aktinidija">Kivi</a></td> <td>90 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brokula" title="Brokula">Brokula</a></td> <td>90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crne bobe - hibrid kupine i maline</td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ribizli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ribizli (stranica ne postoji)">Ribizli</a> - crveni</td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patuljasti_dud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patuljasti dud (stranica ne postoji)">Patuljasti dud</a></td> <td>60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaki_jabuka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaki jabuka">Kaki jabuka</a></td> <td>60 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="float:left; padding: 1em;"> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th>Biljka </th> <th>Količina askorbata<br /> (mg / 100g) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Papaja" title="Papaja">Papaja</a></td> <td>60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jagode" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagode">Jagode</a></td> <td>60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naran%C4%8Da" title="Naranča">Naranča</a></td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Limun" title="Limun">Limun</a></td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinja" title="Dinja">Dinja</a>, kantalupa</td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cvjeta%C4%8Da" title="Cvjetača">Cvjetača</a></td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greipfrut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greipfrut (stranica ne postoji)">Greipfrut</a></td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malina" title="Malina">Malina</a></td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandarina" title="Mandarina">Mandarina</a></td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0pinat" title="Špinat">Špinat</a></td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kelj" title="Kelj">Kelj</a> zeleni</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Limeta" title="Limeta">Limeta</a>- vrsta limuna</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">Mango</a></td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Krumpir" title="Krumpir">Krumpir</a></td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinja" title="Dinja">Dinja</a>, honeydew</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">Mango</a></td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raj%C4%8Dica" title="Rajčica">Rajčica</a></td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borovnica" title="Borovnica">Borovnica</a></td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ananas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ananas">Ananas</a></td> <td>10 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="float:left; padding: 1em;"> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th>Biljka </th> <th>Količina askorbata<br /> (mg / 100g) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gro%C5%BE%C4%91e" title="Grožđe">Grožđe</a></td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marelica" title="Marelica">Marelica</a></td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ljiva" title="Šljiva">Šljiva</a></td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lubenica" title="Lubenica">Lubenica</a></td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">Banana</a></td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mrkva" title="Mrkva">Mrkva</a></td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avocado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avocado (stranica ne postoji)">Avocado</a></td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tre%C5%A1nja" title="Trešnja">Trešnja</a></td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Breskva" title="Breskva">Breskva</a></td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jabuka" title="Jabuka">Jabuka</a></td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kupina" title="Kupina">Kupina</a></td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cikla" title="Cikla">Cikla</a></td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1ka" title="Kruška">Kruška</a></td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zelena_salata" title="Zelena salata">Zelena salata</a></td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Krastavac" title="Krastavac">Krastavac</a></td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Patlid%C5%BEan" title="Patlidžan">Patlidžan</a></td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Smokva" title="Smokva">Smokva</a></td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Borovnica" title="Borovnica">Borovnica</a></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%A1mula" title="Mušmula">Mušmula</a></td> <td>0.3 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Životinjski_izvori_vitamina_C"><span id=".C5.BDivotinjski_izvori_vitamina_C"></span>Životinjski izvori vitamina C</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Uredi odlomak: Životinjski izvori vitamina C" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=20" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Životinjski izvori vitamina C"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Većina životinjskih vrsta sintetizira svoj vlastiti vitamin C. U <a href="/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra">jetri</a> se nalazi najviše vitamina C. Životinjski izvor vitamina C nije pouzdan, a odeđena populacija ljudi <i>(v. <a href="/wiki/Vegani" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegani">Vegani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetarijanci" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarijanci">Vegetarijanci</a>)</i> smatraju nehumanim ubijanje životinja radi konzumacije od strane <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek">čovjeka</a>. Vitamin C nalazi se u majčinom mlijeku, dok se u pasteriliziranom mlijeku može pronaći u tragovima.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sljedeće tablice približno prikazuju relativne odnose količina vitamina C u pojedinim životinjskim organima.Količina vitamina C je promatrana u miligramima za 100 grama životinjske namirnice. Količine vitamina C su prikazane kao srednje vrijednosti od više mjerenja. </p> <div style="float:left; padding: 1em;"> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th>Namirnica </th> <th>Količina askorbata<br /> (mg / 100g) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tele" title="Tele">Teleća</a> <a href="/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra">Jetra</a> (sirova)</td> <td>36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goveđa jetra (sirova)</td> <td>31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamenica" class="mw-disambig" title="Kamenica">Kamenica</a> (sirova)</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bakalar" title="Bakalar">Bakalarova</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikra (stranica ne postoji)">ikra</a> (pržena)</td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svinjska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svinjska (stranica ne postoji)">Svinjska</a> jetra (sirova)</td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Janje" class="mw-redirect" title="Janje">Janjeći</a> <a href="/wiki/Mozak" title="Mozak">mozak</a> (kuhani)</td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pile (stranica ne postoji)">Pileća</a> jetra (pržena)</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Janjeća jetra (pečena)</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Janjeće <a href="/wiki/Srce" title="Srce">srce</a> (prženo)</td> <td>11 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="float:left; padding: 1em;"> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th>Namirnica </th> <th>Količina askorbata<br /> (mg / 100g) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Janjeći <a href="/wiki/Jezik" title="Jezik">jezik</a> (pirjan)</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dojenje" title="Dojenje">Ljudsko mlijeko</a> (svježe)</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kozje mlijeko (svježe)</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kravlje mlijeko (svježe)</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goveđi odrezak (pržen)</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Koko%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokoš">Kokošije</a> jaje (sirovo)</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Svinjska <a href="/wiki/Panceta" title="Panceta">panceta</a> (pržena)</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Teleći narezak (pržen)</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pileći batak (pržen)</td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pripremanje_hrane">Pripremanje hrane</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Uredi odlomak: Pripremanje hrane" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=21" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pripremanje hrane"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vitamin C postaje kemijski nestabilan pod određenim uvjetima koji mogu, ali i ne moraju biti ispunjeni termičkom obradom hrane. Kuhanjem hrane postižemo temperaturu od 100 <a href="/wiki/Celzijev_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Celzijev stupanj">°C</a> što ne uzrokuje veći raspad vitamina C. Vitamin C se raspada na 190 °C. Međutim prženjem hrane postižemo temperaturu raspadanja vitamina C, isti efekt dobijemo dužim kuhanjem hrane, tako što izlažemo askorbat duže vremena temperaturi od 100 °C. </p><p>Još jedan razlog nestanka vitamina C iz namirnica je ispiranje namirnica vodom zbog njegove topivosti, vitamin izlazi iz namirnice u vodu u kojoj se ta namirnica kuha. Isto tako je dokazano da vitamin C ne izlazi iz svih namirnica podjednakom brzinom, pa na primjer <a href="/wiki/Brokula" title="Brokula">brokula</a> najdulje zadržava vitamin C od bilo kojeg drugog voća i/ili povrća.<sup id="cite_ref-Combs_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Combs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istraživanja su pokazala da svježe ubrane namirnice koje stoje u hladnjaku nekoliko dana ne gube značajne količine vitamina C,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suprotno tvrdnjama nekih znanstvenika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bilješke"><span id="Bilje.C5.A1ke"></span>Bilješke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Uredi odlomak: Bilješke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=22" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bilješke"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Levine, M., et al., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyas.org">Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</a>, 1987; 498: 424-44. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Levine, M. et al., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jacn.org/">Jurnal of the American College of Nutrition</a>, 1995; 62: 1347s-1356s..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bendich, A. et. al ., Journal of the American Collage of nutrition , 1995; 14(2): 124-36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bendich, A.. 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E., et al., Cancer Research, 1979; 39: 663-81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cameron. E., and A. Campbell, Chemical-Biological Interactions, 1974; 9: 285-315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Block, G., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1991; 53(1): 270S-282S.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Manson, J., et al., Circulation, 1992; 85: 865.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon J. A.. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 1992; 11(2): 107-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Iswarlel, J.,et al.,Atherosclerosis, 1996; 119:139-50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kritchevsky, S. B , et al., Circulation, 1995; 92(8): 2142-50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hallfish, J., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1994; 60:100-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Levine. G. N., et al., Circulation, March 15,1996; 93(6): 1107-13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tomoda, H, et al., American Journal of Cardiology, 1996; 1284-86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eriksson, J., Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 1995; 39: 217-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Free, N., et al., Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry, 1978; 7: 264-70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Feldman, E. B., New York Academy of Sciences, Feb. 9-12,1992; 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gustafsson, U., et al, European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1997; 27: 387-91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane, B., Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 1991; 10(5): 536.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071129082535/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241546123_chap7.pdf">Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition, 2nd edition</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World Health Organization. 2004. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241546123_chap7.pdf">izvorne stranice</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> arhivirana 29. studenoga 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 20. veljače 2007.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vitamin+and+mineral+requirements+in+human+nutrition%2C+2nd+edition&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhqlibdoc.who.int%2Fpublications%2F2004%2F9241546123_chap7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AVitamin+C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFHigdon" class="citation web cs1">Higdon, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminC/index.html">Linus Pauling Institute Recommendations</a>. Oregon State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 11. travnja 2007.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linus+Pauling+Institute+Recommendations&rft.pub=Oregon+State+University&rft.aulast=Higdon&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flpi.oregonstate.edu%2Finfocenter%2Fvitamins%2FvitaminC%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AVitamin+C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFRoc_Ordman" class="citation web cs1">Roc Ordman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beloit.edu/~nutritio/vitCdose.htm">The Scientific Basis Of The Vitamin C Dosage Of Nutrition Investigator</a>. Beloit College<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 22. veljače 2007.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Scientific+Basis+Of+The+Vitamin+C+Dosage+Of+Nutrition+Investigator&rft.pub=Beloit+College&rft.au=Roc+Ordman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beloit.edu%2F~nutritio%2FvitCdose.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AVitamin+C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208132806/http://www.vitamincfoundation.org/vitcrda.htm">Vitamin C Foundation's RDA</a>. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vitamincfoundation.org/vitcrda.htm">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 8. veljače 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 12. veljače 2007.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vitamin+C+Foundation%27s+RDA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vitamincfoundation.org%2Fvitcrda.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AVitamin+C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2002" class="citation book cs1">Levy, Thomas E. 2002. <i>Vitamin C Infectious Diseases, & Toxins</i>. Xlibris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1401069630" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/1401069630"><bdi>1401069630</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vitamin+C+Infectious+Diseases%2C+%26+Toxins&rft.pub=Xlibris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1401069630&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AVitamin+C" class="Z3988"></span> Poglavlje 5 - <i>Optimalna doza vitamina C.</i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pauling_book-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pauling_book_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFPauling1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling, Linus</a>. 1986. <i>How to Live Longer and Feel Better</i>. W. H. Freeman and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-380-70289-4" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-380-70289-4"><bdi>0-380-70289-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Live+Longer+and+Feel+Better&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman+and+Company&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-380-70289-4&rft.aulast=Pauling&rft.aufirst=Linus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AVitamin+C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014053424/http://www.uk.foedevarestyrelsen.dk/Nutrition/Vitamin_mineral_content_is_stable/forside.htm">The vitamin and mineral content is stable</a>. Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uk.foedevarestyrelsen.dk/Nutrition/Vitamin_mineral_content_is_stable/forside.htm">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 14. listopada 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 7. ožujka 2007.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+vitamin+and+mineral+content+is+stable&rft.pub=Danish+Veterinary+and+Food+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uk.foedevarestyrelsen.dk%2FNutrition%2FVitamin_mineral_content_is_stable%2Fforside.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AVitamin+C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150303184216/http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/">National Nutrient Database</a>. Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Agricultural Research Service. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 3. ožujka 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 7. ožujka 2007.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Nutrient+Database&rft.pub=Nutrient+Data+Laboratory+of+the+US+Agricultural+Research+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nal.usda.gov%2Ffnic%2Ffoodcomp%2Fsearch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AVitamin+C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070305183325/http://www.healthyeatingclub.com/info/books-phds/books/foodfacts/html/data/data4i.html">Vitamin C Food Data Chart</a>. Healty Eating Club. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.healthyeatingclub.com/info/books-phds/books/foodfacts/html/data/data4i.html">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 5. ožujka 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 7. ožujka 2007.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vitamin+C+Food+Data+Chart&rft.pub=Healty+Eating+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthyeatingclub.com%2Finfo%2Fbooks-phds%2Fbooks%2Ffoodfacts%2Fhtml%2Fdata%2Fdata4i.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AVitamin+C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturalhub.com/natural_food_guide_fruit_vitamin_c.htm">Natural food-Fruit Vitamin C Content</a>. The Natural Food Hub<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 7. ožujka 2007.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Natural+food-Fruit+Vitamin+C+Content&rft.pub=The+Natural+Food+Hub&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturalhub.com%2Fnatural_food_guide_fruit_vitamin_c.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AVitamin+C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFClark2007" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Stephanie, Ph.D. 8. siječnja 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070129024619/http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html">Comparing Milk: Human, Cow, Goat & Commercial Infant Formula</a>. Washington State University. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 29. siječnja 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 28. veljače 2007.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparing+Milk%3A+Human%2C+Cow%2C+Goat+%26+Commercial+Infant+Formula&rft.pub=Washington+State+University&rft.date=2007-01-08&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Stephanie%2C+Ph.D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saanendoah.com%2Fcompare.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AVitamin+C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Combs-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Combs_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Combs GF. The Vitamins, Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2001:245–272</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFHitti2006" class="citation web cs1">Hitti, Miranda. 2. lipnja 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/content/article/123/115022.htm">Fresh-Cut Fruit May Keep Its Vitamins</a>. WebMD<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 25. veljače 2007.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fresh-Cut+Fruit+May+Keep+Its+Vitamins&rft.pub=WebMD&rft.date=2006-06-02&rft.aulast=Hitti&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F123%2F115022.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AVitamin+C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poveznice">Poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Uredi odlomak: Poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=23" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioflavonoidi" title="Bioflavonoidi">Bioflavonoidi</a> - <i>C-kompleks</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esencijalni_nutrijent" title="Esencijalni nutrijent">Esencijalni nutrijent</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&action=edit&section=24" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plivazdravlje.hr/aktualno/clanak/2198/koji-vitamin-nedostaje.html#3240">PLIVAzdravlje - Koji vitamin nedostaje? Deficit vitamina C</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Vitamin" title="Predložak:Vitamin"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Vitamin&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamini" title="Vitamini">Vitamini</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Retinol</a> (<b>A</b>) • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B1" title="Vitamin B1">Tiamin</a> (<b>B1</b>) • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B2" title="Vitamin B2">Riboflavin</a> (<b>B2</b>) • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B3" title="Vitamin B3">Niacin</a> (<b>B3</b>) • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B5" title="Vitamin B5">Pantotenska kiselina</a> (<b>B5</b>) • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Piridoksin</a> (<b>B6</b>) • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_H" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamin H">Biotin</a> (<b>H</b>) • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B9" title="Vitamin B9">Folna kiselina</a> (<b>B9</b>) • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Cijanokobalamin</a> (<b>B12</b>) • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Askorbinska kiselina</a> (<b>C</b>) • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Kalciferol</a> (<b>D</b>) • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Tokoferol</a> (<b>E</b>) • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Fitomenadion</a> (<b>K</b>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&oldid=6851269">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_C&oldid=6851269</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Izabrani_%C4%8Dlanci" title="Kategorija:Izabrani članci">Izabrani članci</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Vitamini" title="Kategorija:Vitamini">Vitamini</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 18. veljače 2024. u 14:32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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