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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bitva u Ourique</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 23 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83" title="معركة أوريك – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة أوريك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Битка при Урике – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка при Урике" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_d%27Ourique" title="Batalla d'Ourique – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla d'Ourique" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Ourique" title="Schlacht von Ourique – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht von Ourique" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B5" title="Μάχη του Ουνρίκε – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάχη του Ουνρίκε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ourique" title="Battle of Ourique – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Battle of Ourique" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo_de_Ourique" title="Batalo de Ourique – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalo de Ourique" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Ourique" title="Batalla de Ourique – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Ourique" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouriquen_taistelu" title="Ouriquen taistelu – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ouriquen taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_d%27Ourique" title="Bataille d'Ourique – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille d'Ourique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Ourique" title="Batalla de Ourique – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Batalla de Ourique" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="קרב אוריקה – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב אוריקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Օուրիկի ճակատամարտ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օուրիկի ճակատամարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Ourique" title="Battaglia di Ourique – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Ourique" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%B1%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="オーリッケの戦い – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーリッケの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ოურიკეს ბრძოლა – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოურიკეს ბრძოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Ourique" title="Slag bij Ourique – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Ourique" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Ourique" title="Bitwa pod Ourique – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Ourique" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Ourique" title="Batalha de Ourique – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Ourique" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Битва при Оурике – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Оурике" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ourique" title="Battle of Ourique – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Battle of Ourique" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Битва при Оріке – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва при Оріке" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%BA%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="奥里基战役 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥里基战役" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1328537#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bitva_u_Ourique" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon 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class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=cs&pagename=Bitva+u+Ourique&params=37.65_N_-8.2167_E_type:event"><span style="white-space:pre">37°39′ s. š.</span>, <span style="white-space:pre">8°13′ z. d.</span></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em;width: 26em; border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="summary" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: lightsteelblue;">Bitva u Ourique</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #DCDCDC; font-size: 95%;"><b>konflikt</b>: Portugalská <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">reconquista</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:BatalhaOurique.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zázrak u Ourique, Domingos Sequeira, 1793"><img alt="Zázrak u Ourique, Domingos Sequeira, 1793" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/BatalhaOurique.jpg/285px-BatalhaOurique.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/BatalhaOurique.jpg/428px-BatalhaOurique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/BatalhaOurique.jpg/570px-BatalhaOurique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="542" /></a></span><div style="padding: 0.35em 0.35em 0.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-size: 90%;">Zázrak u Ourique, Domingos Sequeira, <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 95%;"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em; font-size: 95%;;text-align:left">Trvání</th><td style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 95%;"><a href="/wiki/25._%C4%8Dervenec" title="25. červenec">25. července</a> <a href="/wiki/1139" title="1139">1139</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em; font-size: 95%;;text-align:left">Místo</th><td style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 95%;">Ourique, Alentejo (jižní Portugalsko)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em; font-size: 95%;;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Zem%C4%9Bpisn%C3%A9_sou%C5%99adnice" title="Zeměpisné souřadnice">Souřadnice</a></th><td class="plainlinks" style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 95%;"><span class="wd"><span></span><span class="coordinates"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=cs&pagename=Bitva+u+Ourique&params=37.65_N_-8.2167_E_type:event"><span style="white-space:pre">37°39′ s. š.</span>, <span style="white-space:pre">8°13′ z. d.</span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em; font-size: 95%;;text-align:left">Výsledek</th><td style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 95%;"><a href="/wiki/Portugalsk%C3%A9_hrabstv%C3%AD" title="Portugalské hrabství">portugalské</a> vítězství</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue; font-size: 95%;">Strany</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 95%;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table; vertical-align: top;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><span style="display:none">Portugalské hrabství</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugalsk%C3%A9_hrabstv%C3%AD" title="Portugalské hrabství"><img alt="Portugalské hrabství" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/PortugueseFlag1095.svg/15px-PortugueseFlag1095.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/PortugueseFlag1095.svg/23px-PortugueseFlag1095.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/PortugueseFlag1095.svg/30px-PortugueseFlag1095.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugalsk%C3%A9_hrabstv%C3%AD" title="Portugalské hrabství">Portugalské hrabství</a></span> </td><td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><span style="display:none">Almorávidé</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Almor%C3%A1vid%C3%A9" title="Almorávidé"><img alt="Almorávidé" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Morocco_1073_1147.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco_1073_1147.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Morocco_1073_1147.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco_1073_1147.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Morocco_1073_1147.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco_1073_1147.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Almor%C3%A1vid%C3%A9" title="Almorávidé">Almorávidé</a></span> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue; font-size: 95%;">Velitelé</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 95%;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table; vertical-align: top;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugalsk%C3%A9_hrabstv%C3%AD" title="Portugalské hrabství"><img alt="Portugalské hrabství" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/PortugueseFlag1095.svg/15px-PortugueseFlag1095.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/PortugueseFlag1095.svg/23px-PortugueseFlag1095.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/PortugueseFlag1095.svg/30px-PortugueseFlag1095.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alfons_I._Portugalsk%C3%BD" title="Alfons I. Portugalský">Afons Henriques</a> <ul><li>Garcia Mendes de Sousa</li> <li>Mem Moniz</li> <li>Diogo Gonçalves de Cete †</li> <li>Gonçalo Dias de Góis</li></ul> </td><td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Almor%C3%A1vid%C3%A9" title="Almorávidé"><img alt="Almorávidé" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Morocco_1073_1147.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco_1073_1147.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Morocco_1073_1147.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco_1073_1147.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Morocco_1073_1147.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco_1073_1147.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Muhammad Az-Zubajr Ibn Umar </td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue; font-size: 95%;">Síla</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 95%;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table; vertical-align: top;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;">neznámá </td><td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa">neznámá </td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue; font-size: 95%;">Ztráty</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 95%;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table; vertical-align: top;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;">neznámé </td><td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa">neznámé </td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 95%;"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: smaller;">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328537" class="extiw" title="d:Q1328537">datové položky</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bitva u Ourique</b> (<a href="/wiki/Portugal%C5%A1tina" title="Portugalština">portugalsky</a>: <i>Batalha de Ourique</i>) se odehrála <a href="/wiki/25._%C4%8Dervenec" title="25. červenec">25. července</a> <a href="/wiki/1139" title="1139">1139</a>. Šlo o vojenské střetnutí sil <a href="/wiki/Portugalsk%C3%A9_hrabstv%C3%AD" title="Portugalské hrabství">portugalského</a> hraběte <a href="/wiki/Alfons_I._Portugalsk%C3%BD" title="Alfons I. Portugalský">Alfonsa</a> s armádou <a href="/wiki/Almor%C3%A1vid%C3%A9" title="Almorávidé">almorávidského</a> guvernéra <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blsko)" title="Córdoba (Španělsko)">Córdoby</a> Muhammada az-Zubajra ibn Umara, nazývaného v křesťanských kronikách „král Ismar“. <a href="/wiki/Portugalci" title="Portugalci">Portugalci</a> zvítězili, což byl nejen výrazný počin <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">reconquisty</a> (křesťanského znovudobytí <a href="/wiki/Pyrenejsk%C3%BD_poloostrov" title="Pyrenejský poloostrov">Pyrenejského poloostrova</a>), ale i zásadní krok ke vzniku <a href="/wiki/Portugalsk%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Portugalské království">Portugalského království</a>. Alfonso, člen <a href="/wiki/Burgundsk%C3%A1_dynastie" title="Burgundská dynastie">burgundské dynastie</a>, se prohlásil králem hned druhý den po bitvě a vládl pak jako <a href="/wiki/Alfons_I._Portugalsk%C3%BD" title="Alfons I. Portugalský">Alfons I. Portugalský</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kontext_a_otázky"><span id="Kontext_a_ot.C3.A1zky"></span>Kontext a otázky</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitva_u_Ourique&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Kontext a otázky" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitva_u_Ourique&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Kontext a otázky"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Battle-of-Ourique.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Battle-of-Ourique.png/180px-Battle-of-Ourique.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Battle-of-Ourique.png/270px-Battle-of-Ourique.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Battle-of-Ourique.png/360px-Battle-of-Ourique.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption>Vyobrazení z <a href="/wiki/16._stolet%C3%AD" title="16. století">16. století</a> zachycující bitvu i zázrak</figcaption></figure> <p>Alfonso vyhlásil nezávislost na <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3nsk%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Leónské království">Leónském království</a> roku <a href="/wiki/1128" title="1128">1128</a>. Poté musel svést s leonskými silami vedenými králem <a href="/wiki/Alfons_VII._Kastilsk%C3%BD" title="Alfons VII. Kastilský">Alfonsem VII. Kastilským</a> několik bitev, z nichž rozhodující byla <a href="/wiki/Bitva_na_S%C3%A3o_Mamede" title="Bitva na São Mamede">bitva na São Mamede</a>. Během bojů, v nichž měl portugalský hrabě stále jasněji navrch, bylo však jeho území z jihu napadeno <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">muslimy</a>. Portugalci tak museli tento útok odrazit, aby mohli opravdu vyhlásit nezávislý stát. </p><p>Historici jsou rozděleni, pokud jde o určení místa bitvy. V té době název „Ourique“ označoval velkou oblast jižně od města <a href="/wiki/Beja" title="Beja">Beja</a>. Kronikáři ve <a href="/wiki/12._stolet%C3%AD" title="12. století">12. století</a> patrně neznali region, kde se bitva odehrála, a proto zvolili jen termín „pole Ourique“, z čehož vznikl později dojem, že k bitvě došlo u města <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ourique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ourique (stránka neexistuje)">Ourique</a> na jihu Portugalska. Nicméně velká vzdálenost, která odděluje město Ourique od tehdejších křesťanských linií, vedla později některé historiky k tomu, že navrhli různá jiná místa, kde se bitva mohla odehrát. Alfonso tehdy ovládal oblast více na severu, až za řekou <a href="/wiki/Mondego" title="Mondego">Mondego</a>, a bylo by pro něj asi obtížné vydat se k bitvě s „pěti muslimskými králi“ (jak praví legenda) tak daleko. Častým tipem historiků, kde se bitva mohla reálně odehrát, je obec Vila Chã de Ourique, ležící asi 16 kilometrů od <a href="/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m_(Portugalsko)" title="Santarém (Portugalsko)">Santaréma</a>. </p><p>O „pěti muslimských králích“, s nimiž se měl Alfonso střetnout, hovoří dobová legenda <i>Život sv. Theotonia</i>. Jiné dobové kroniky hovoří o jednom králi zvaném Ismar. V podrobnější kronice <i>Chronicon Lusitanum</i> se uvádí, že tento král Ismar počkal, dokud Alfonso nepronikl na muslimské území, a poté systematicky posílal své jednotky ze <a href="/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla">Sevilly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajozu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvas" title="Elvas">Elvasu</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vora" title="Évora">Évory</a> a Bejy, aby ho napadaly. Je tedy možné, že pět králů byli ve skutečnosti vůdci almorávidských posádek každého z uvedených andaluských měst pod celkovým velením almorávidského guvernéra Córdoby Muhammada az-Zubajra ibn Umara. To je verze zastávaná většinou historiků. Podle některých výkladů má oněch pět poražených králů symbolizovat i pětice malých erbů v <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A1tn%C3%AD_znak_Portugalska" title="Státní znak Portugalska">portugalském znaku</a>, který vznikl v období po bitvě. To ale značná část <a href="/wiki/Heraldika" title="Heraldika">heraldiků</a> a historiků popírá. Legendy hovoří rovněž o zázračném zásahu <a href="/wiki/Jakub_Star%C5%A1%C3%AD" title="Jakub Starší">svatého Jakuba</a> do bitvy ve prospěch Portugalců. Pozdější výklady nahradily svatého Jakuba <a href="/wiki/Svat%C3%BD_Ji%C5%99%C3%AD" title="Svatý Jiří">svatým Jiřím</a> a nakonec <a href="/wiki/Je%C5%BE%C3%AD%C5%A1_Kristus" title="Ježíš Kristus">Ježíšem Kristem</a>. Legenda o zázraku se poprvé objevila v <i>Crónica de Portugal</i> v roce <a href="/wiki/1419" title="1419">1419</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Duchovenstvo" title="Duchovenstvo">Duchovenstvo</a> a <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0lechta" title="Šlechta">šlechta</a> v pozdějších letech vypracovaly důkazy, že Alfonso po bitvě svolal <a href="/wiki/Gener%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_stavy" title="Generální stavy">generální stavy</a> do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamego (stránka neexistuje)">Lamega</a>, kde byla korunován <a href="/wiki/Arcibiskup" title="Arcibiskup">arcibiskupem</a> z <a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Bragy</a>. Šlo však o <a href="/wiki/Pad%C4%9Blek" title="Padělek">falzifikáty</a> motivované snahou dokázat legitimitu portugalské nezávislosti v <a href="/wiki/17._stolet%C3%AD" title="17. století">17. století</a>, kdy byla tato nezávislost ztracena vznikem <a href="/wiki/Ibersk%C3%A1_unie" title="Iberská unie">Iberské unie</a>. Ve skutečnosti králem prohlásili Alfonsa po bitvě jeho vojáci, když ho za tím účelem, po <a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A1ni" title="Germáni">germánském</a> způsobu, vyzdvihli na štíty držené nad hlavou. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitva_u_Ourique&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitva_u_Ourique&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>V tomto článku byl použit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:WikiProjekt_P%C5%99eklad/Rady" title="Wikipedie:WikiProjekt Překlad/Rady">překlad</a> textu z článku <a class="external text" 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