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id="toc-Use_of_phrase_and_its_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_of_phrase's_usage_by_U.S._government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_of_phrase's_usage_by_U.S._government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Decline of phrase's usage by U.S. government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_of_phrase's_usage_by_U.S._government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abandonment_of_phrase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abandonment_of_phrase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 Abandonment of phrase </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abandonment_of_phrase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Background </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Background subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Precursor_to_11_September_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precursor_to_11_September_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Precursor to 11 September attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precursor_to_11_September_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-11_September_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#11_September_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 11 September attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-11_September_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._objectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._objectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 U.S. objectives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._objectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Timeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Enduring_Freedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Enduring_Freedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Operation Enduring Freedom </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operation_Enduring_Freedom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operation Enduring Freedom subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operation_Enduring_Freedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_Security_Assistance_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Security_Assistance_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 International Security Assistance Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Security_Assistance_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Philippines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trans-Sahara_(Northern_Africa)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trans-Sahara_(Northern_Africa)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Trans-Sahara (Northern Africa) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trans-Sahara_(Northern_Africa)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horn_of_Africa_and_the_Red_Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horn_of_Africa_and_the_Red_Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Horn of Africa and the Red Sea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horn_of_Africa_and_the_Red_Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Iraq War </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Iraq_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Iraq War subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Iraq_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2002_State_of_the_Union_Address" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2002_State_of_the_Union_Address"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 2002 State of the Union Address </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2002_State_of_the_Union_Address-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prelude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prelude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Prelude </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invasion_of_Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invasion_of_Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Invasion of Iraq </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invasion_of_Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraqi_Insurgency_(2003–11)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraqi_Insurgency_(2003–11)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Iraqi Insurgency (2003–11) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraqi_Insurgency_(2003–11)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_in_Iraq_(2013–17)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_in_Iraq_(2013–17)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 War in Iraq (2013–17) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_in_Iraq_(2013–17)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Pakistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Yemen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_military_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_military_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Other military operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_military_operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other military operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_military_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Operation_Inherent_Resolve_(Syria_and_Iraq)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Inherent_Resolve_(Syria_and_Iraq)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Operation Inherent Resolve (Syria and Iraq) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Inherent_Resolve_(Syria_and_Iraq)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_State_of_Lanao_and_the_Battle_of_Marawi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_State_of_Lanao_and_the_Battle_of_Marawi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Islamic State of Lanao and the Battle of Marawi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_State_of_Lanao_and_the_Battle_of_Marawi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libyan_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libyan_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Libyan War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libyan_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_military_intervention_in_Cameroon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_military_intervention_in_Cameroon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 American military intervention in Cameroon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_military_intervention_in_Cameroon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Active_Endeavour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Active_Endeavour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Operation Active Endeavour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Active_Endeavour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fighting_in_Kashmir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighting_in_Kashmir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Fighting in Kashmir </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighting_in_Kashmir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-terror_campaigns_by_other_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-terror_campaigns_by_other_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 Anti-terror campaigns by other powers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-terror_campaigns_by_other_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_military_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_military_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 International military support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_military_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post–9/11_events_inside_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post–9/11_events_inside_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Post–9/11 events inside the United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post–9/11_events_inside_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transnational_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transnational_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Transnational actions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transnational_actions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transnational actions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transnational_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Extraordinary_rendition"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Extraordinary_rendition""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 "Extraordinary rendition" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Extraordinary_rendition"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rendition_to_"Black_Sites"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rendition_to_"Black_Sites""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Rendition to "Black Sites" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rendition_to_"Black_Sites"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criticism_of_U.S._media's_withholding_of_coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_of_U.S._media's_withholding_of_coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2.1 Criticism of U.S. media's withholding of coverage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_of_U.S._media's_withholding_of_coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prison_ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prison_ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2.2 Prison ships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prison_ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Guantanamo Bay detention camp </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_terrorist_attacks_and_plots_since_9/11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_terrorist_attacks_and_plots_since_9/11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Major terrorist attacks and plots since 9/11 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_terrorist_attacks_and_plots_since_9/11-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Major terrorist attacks and plots since 9/11 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Major_terrorist_attacks_and_plots_since_9/11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attacks_by_Al-Qaeda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks_by_Al-Qaeda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Attacks by Al-Qaeda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks_by_Al-Qaeda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Islamic State </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attacks_by_other_Islamist_militant_groups_and_individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks_by_other_Islamist_militant_groups_and_individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.3 Attacks by other Islamist militant groups and individuals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks_by_other_Islamist_militant_groups_and_individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alleged_plots_and_unsuccessful_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_plots_and_unsuccessful_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.4 Alleged plots and unsuccessful attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alleged_plots_and_unsuccessful_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Casualties </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Casualties subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Iraq </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afghanistan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Pakistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Somalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Somalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.4 Somalia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Somalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yemen_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yemen_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.5 Yemen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yemen_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines_and_North_Caucasus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines_and_North_Caucasus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.6 Philippines and North Caucasus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines_and_North_Caucasus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.7 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Total_civilian_estimates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Total_civilian_estimates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.8 Total civilian estimates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Total_civilian_estimates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Costs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Criticism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forced_Displacement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forced_Displacement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Forced Displacement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forced_Displacement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">War on terror</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" > 67 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="الحرب على الإرهاب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب على الإرهاب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B4%D5%A7%D5%B4_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Ահաբեկչութեան Դէմ Պատերազմ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ահաբեկչութեան Դէմ Պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_contra%27l_terrorismu" title="Guerra contra'l terrorismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guerra contra'l terrorismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorizml%C9%99_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99" title="Terrorizmlə müharibə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Terrorizmlə müharibə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="সন্ত্রাসের বিরুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সন্ত্রাসের বিরুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D2%93%D0%B0_%D2%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Терроризмға ҡаршы һуғыш – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Терроризмға ҡаршы һуғыш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Вайна супраць тэрарызму – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вайна супраць тэрарызму" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Война срещу тероризма – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Война срещу тероризма" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_protiv_terorizma" title="Rat protiv terorizma – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rat protiv terorizma" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_contra_el_terrorisme" title="Guerra contra el terrorisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerra contra el terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lka_proti_terorismu" title="Válka proti terorismu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Válka proti terorismu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyfel_yn_erbyn_Terfysgaeth" title="Rhyfel yn erbyn Terfysgaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyfel yn erbyn Terfysgaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krigen_mod_terrorisme" title="Krigen mod terrorisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Krigen mod terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krieg_gegen_den_Terror" title="Krieg gegen den Terror – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krieg gegen den Terror" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismivastane_s%C3%B5da" title="Terrorismivastane sõda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Terrorismivastane sõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πόλεμος κατά της Τρομοκρατίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόλεμος κατά της Τρομοκρατίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_contra_el_terrorismo" title="Guerra contra el terrorismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra contra el terrorismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milito_kontra%C5%AD_terorismo" title="Milito kontraŭ terorismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Milito kontraŭ terorismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismoaren_aurkako_gerra" title="Terrorismoaren aurkako gerra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Terrorismoaren aurkako gerra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="جنگ علیه تروریسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ علیه تروریسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%AD%C3%B0i%C3%B0_%C3%8Dm%C3%B3ti_Yvirgangi" title="Stríðið Ímóti Yvirgangi – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Stríðið Ímóti Yvirgangi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_contre_le_terrorisme" title="Guerre contre le terrorisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre contre le terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_contra_o_terrorismo" title="Guerra contra o terrorismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Guerra contra o terrorismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EB%9F%AC%EC%99%80%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="테러와의 전쟁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테러와의 전쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B4_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Ահաբեկչության դեմ պատերազմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ահաբեկչության դեմ պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_protiv_terorizma" title="Rat protiv terorizma – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rat protiv terorizma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Melawan_Teror" title="Perang Melawan Teror – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Melawan Teror" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%AD%C3%B0i%C3%B0_gegn_hry%C3%B0juverkum" title="Stríðið gegn hryðjuverkum – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stríðið gegn hryðjuverkum" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_al_terrorismo" title="Guerra al terrorismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra al terrorismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A8" title="המלחמה העולמית בטרור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המלחמה העולמית בטרור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9B%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%92" title="ომი ტერორიზმის წინააღმდეგ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ომი ტერორიზმის წინააღმდეგ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellum_contra_terrorem" title="Bellum contra terrorem – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bellum contra terrorem" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C5%A1_pret_terorismu" title="Karš pret terorismu – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karš pret terorismu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karas_prie%C5%A1_teror%C4%85" title="Karas prieš terorą – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karas prieš terorą" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Terhadap_Keganasan" title="Perang Terhadap Keganasan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Terhadap Keganasan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strijd_tegen_terrorisme" title="Strijd tegen terrorisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Strijd tegen terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%BE%E3%83%86%E3%83%AD%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="対テロ戦争 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="対テロ戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krigen_mot_terror" title="Krigen mot terror – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Krigen mot terror" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krigen_mot_terror" title="Krigen mot terror – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Krigen mot terror" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دہشت خلاف جنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دہشت خلاف جنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%87%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%8D_%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D9%88%DA%93%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%90_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="د ترهګرۍ پر وړاندې جګړه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ترهګرۍ پر وړاندې جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_z_terroryzmem" title="Wojna z terroryzmem – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wojna z terroryzmem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_ao_Terror" title="Guerra ao Terror – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra ao Terror" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_%C3%AEmpotriva_terorismului" title="Războiul împotriva terorismului – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Războiul împotriva terorismului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Война против терроризма – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Война против терроризма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_Terror" title="War on Terror – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="War on Terror" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufta_kund%C3%ABr_terrorizmit" title="Lufta kundër terrorizmit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lufta kundër terrorizmit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%A7_%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BA" title="ත්‍රස්තවාදයට එරෙහි ගෝලීය යුද්ධය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ත්‍රස්තවාදයට එරෙහි ගෝලීය යුද්ධය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_Terror" title="War on Terror – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="War on Terror" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojna_proti_terorizmu" title="Vojna proti terorizmu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vojna proti terorizmu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B1" title="شەڕی تیرۆر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەڕی تیرۆر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Рат против тероризма – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рат против тероризма" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_protiv_terorizma" title="Rat protiv terorizma – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rat protiv terorizma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisminvastainen_sota" title="Terrorisminvastainen sota – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Terrorisminvastainen sota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriget_mot_terrorismen" title="Kriget mot terrorismen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kriget mot terrorismen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digmaang_Laban_sa_Terorismo" title="Digmaang Laban sa Terorismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Digmaang Laban sa Terorismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பயங்கரவாதத்திற்கு எதிரான போர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பயங்கரவாதத்திற்கு எதிரான போர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="สงครามต่อต้านการก่อการร้าย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามต่อต้านการก่อการร้าย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter%C3%B6rizmle_Sava%C5%9F" title="Terörizmle Savaş – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Terörizmle Savaş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Війна проти тероризму – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Війна проти тероризму" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%B4%D8%AA_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دہشت کے خلاف جنگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دہشت کے خلاف جنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_ch%E1%BB%91ng_kh%E1%BB%A7ng_b%E1%BB%91" title="Chiến tranh chống khủng bố – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh chống khủng bố" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gera_Kontra_Terrorismo" title="Gera Kontra Terrorismo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gera Kontra Terrorismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%81%90%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="反恐战争 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="反恐战争" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A8" title="מלחמה קעגן טעראר – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מלחמה קעגן טעראר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%81%90%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="反恐戰爭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="反恐戰爭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%81%90%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="反恐战争 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="反恐战争" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the international military campaign. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="War on terror (disambiguation)">War on terror (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">War on terror</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center" style="background-color:white"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:322px;max-width:322px;background-color:white;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:white;width:158px;max-width:158px"><div style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Snow_won%27t_stop_operations_121228-F-LR266-849.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Snow_won%27t_stop_operations_121228-F-LR266-849.jpg/156px-Snow_won%27t_stop_operations_121228-F-LR266-849.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Snow_won%27t_stop_operations_121228-F-LR266-849.jpg/234px-Snow_won%27t_stop_operations_121228-F-LR266-849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Snow_won%27t_stop_operations_121228-F-LR266-849.jpg/312px-Snow_won%27t_stop_operations_121228-F-LR266-849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:white;width:160px;max-width:160px"><div style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Car_bomb_in_Iraq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Car_bomb_in_Iraq.jpg/158px-Car_bomb_in_Iraq.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Car_bomb_in_Iraq.jpg/237px-Car_bomb_in_Iraq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Car_bomb_in_Iraq.jpg/316px-Car_bomb_in_Iraq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="1632" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:white;width:159px;max-width:159px"><div style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomahawk_Missile_fired_from_US_Destroyers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Tomahawk_Missile_fired_from_US_Destroyers.jpg/157px-Tomahawk_Missile_fired_from_US_Destroyers.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Tomahawk_Missile_fired_from_US_Destroyers.jpg/236px-Tomahawk_Missile_fired_from_US_Destroyers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Tomahawk_Missile_fired_from_US_Destroyers.jpg/314px-Tomahawk_Missile_fired_from_US_Destroyers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1667" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:white;width:159px;max-width:159px"><div style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg/157px-US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg/236px-US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg/314px-US_soldiers_in_Zabul_province.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3059" data-file-height="2039" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:white;width:320px;max-width:320px"><div style="height:197px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_military_operations_of_the_War_on_Terror.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Major_military_operations_of_the_War_on_Terror.svg/318px-Major_military_operations_of_the_War_on_Terror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="318" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Major_military_operations_of_the_War_on_Terror.svg/477px-Major_military_operations_of_the_War_on_Terror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Major_military_operations_of_the_War_on_Terror.svg/636px-Major_military_operations_of_the_War_on_Terror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="601" /></a></div></div></div></div></div> Photographs, clockwise from top left: U.S. servicemen boarding an aircraft at <a href="/wiki/Bagram_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagram Air Base">Bagram Air Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>; explosion of an Iraqi car bomb in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>; a U.S. soldier and Afghan interpreter in <a href="/wiki/Zabul_Province" title="Zabul Province">Zabul Province</a>, Afghanistan; <a href="/wiki/Tomahawk_(missile_family)" title="Tomahawk (missile family)">Tomahawk missiles</a> being fired from the warships at <a href="/wiki/ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL">ISIL</a> targets in the city of <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> Map: Countries with major military operations of the war on terror.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>Main phase: <a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Terrorists" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists">14 September 2001</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> – <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_US_troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2021 US troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">30 August 2021</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[note 1]</a> (19 years, 11 months, 2 weeks and 2 days)<a href="#cite_note-3">[note 2]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Globally, but mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Status</th><td class="status"> Major wars ended, ongoing in small operations<a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Main countries:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Main opponents:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Ba%27ath_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Ba'ath Party">Iraqi Ba'athist insurgents</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">X</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">X</a> <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> 4.5–4.6 million+ people killed<a href="#cite_note-6">[note 3]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[b]</a> (937,000+ direct deaths including 387,000+ civilians, 3.6–3.7 million indirect deaths)<a href="#cite_note-8">[note 4]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[c]</a> At least 38 million people displaced<a href="#cite_note-10">[d]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The war on terror, officially the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT),<a href="#cite_note-11">[3]</a> is a global military campaign initiated by the United States following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in 2001, and is the most recent <a href="/wiki/Global_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Global conflict">global conflict</a> spanning <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_conflicts_spanning_multiple_wars" title="List of military conflicts spanning multiple wars">multiple wars</a>. Some researchers and political scientists have argued that it replaced the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[5]</a> The main targets of the campaign are <a href="/wiki/Militant_Islamism" class="mw-redirect" title="Militant Islamism">militant Islamist</a> movements such as <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> and their allies. Other major targets included the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">Ba'athist</a> regime in <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraq</a>, which was deposed in an <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invasion in 2003</a>, and various militant factions that fought during the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">ensuing insurgency</a>. Following its territorial expansion in 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> also emerged as a key adversary of the United States. Regarding al-Qaeda's recent status, then-Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> stated in 2021, "Al-Qaeda has a new base of operations: it is the Islamic Republic of Iran."<a href="#cite_note-14">[6]</a> Al-Qaeda's de facto leader, <a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Adel" title="Saif al-Adel">Saif al-Adel</a>, is currently believed to be living in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[7]</a> The "war on terror" uses <a href="/wiki/War_as_metaphor" title="War as metaphor">war as a metaphor</a> to describe a variety of actions which fall outside the traditional definition of war. U.S. president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> first used the <a href="/wiki/Slogans_and_terms_derived_from_the_September_11_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Slogans and terms derived from the September 11 attacks">term</a> "war on terrorism" on 16 September 2001,<a href="#cite_note-evilwar-16">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[9]</a> and then "war on terror" a few days later in a formal speech to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnntranscript-19">[11]</a> Bush indicated the enemy of the war on terror as "a radical network of terrorists and every government that supports them".<a href="#cite_note-cnntranscript-19">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[12]</a> The initial conflict was aimed at al-Qaeda, with the main theater in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, a region that would later be referred to as "<a href="/wiki/AfPak" title="AfPak">AfPak</a>".<a href="#cite_note-21">[13]</a> The term "war on terror" was immediately criticized by individuals including <a href="/wiki/Richard_Myers" title="Richard Myers">Richard Myers</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>, and eventually more nuanced terms came to be used by the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a> to define the campaign.<a href="#cite_note-Schmitt/slogan-22">[14]</a> While "war on terror" was never used as a formal designation of U.S. operations,<a href="#cite_note-Ambinder2013-23">[15]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal" title="Global War on Terrorism Service Medal">Global War on Terrorism Service Medal</a> was and is issued by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. Armed Forces</a>. As of 2024, various global operations in the campaign are ongoing, including a <a href="/wiki/American_military_intervention_in_Somalia_(2007%E2%80%93present)" title="American military intervention in Somalia (2007–present)">U.S. military intervention</a> in Somalia.<a href="#cite_note-24">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[17]</a> Although the major wars in <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001-2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq</a> have ended, the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)">spillover</a> across the Middle East have led to renewed debate on whether a new phase of the war on terror had begun.<a href="#cite_note-26">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[20]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Watson_Institute_for_International_and_Public_Affairs" title="Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs">Costs of War Project</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Post-9/11" title="Post-9/11">post-9/11 wars</a> of the campaign have displaced 38 million people, the second largest number of <a href="/wiki/Forced_displacements" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced displacements">forced displacements</a> of any conflict since 1900,<a href="#cite_note-costs_displaced2-29">[21]</a> and caused more than 4.5 million deaths (direct and indirect) in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Philippines, Pakistan, Somalia, Syria and Yemen. They also estimate that it has cost the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">US Treasury</a> over $8 trillion.<a href="#cite_note-costs2021-30">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-31">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Summary-32">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[2]</a> While support for the "war on terror" was high among the American public during its initial years, it had become deeply unpopular by the late 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-Ackerman-33">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Doherty,_Kiley-34">[26]</a> Controversy over the war has focused on its morality, casualties, and continuity, with critics questioning government measures that infringed civil liberties and human rights.<a href="#cite_note-wired.com-35">[27]</a> Critics have notably described the <a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a> as "<a href="/wiki/Orwellian" title="Orwellian">Orwellian</a>" due to its substantial expansion of the federal government's surveillance powers.<a href="#cite_note-36">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[29]</a> Controversial practices of <a href="/wiki/US-led_coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="US-led coalition">coalition forces</a> have been condemned, including <a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">drone warfare</a>, surveillance, torture, <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">extraordinary rendition</a> and various war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-Ball-38">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-39">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Drone_Warfare-40">[32]</a> The participating governments have been criticized for implementing authoritarian measures, repressing minorities,<a href="#cite_note-auto3-41">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-911legacies.com-42">[34]</a> fomenting <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a> globally,<a href="#cite_note-43">[35]</a> and causing negative impacts to health and environment.<a href="#cite_note-merip.org-44">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Administration-45">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ameem_Lutfi-46">[38]</a> Security analysts assert that there is no military solution to the conflict, pointing out that terrorism is not an identifiable enemy, and have emphasized the importance of negotiations and political solutions to resolve the underlying roots of the crises.<a href="#cite_note-Richissin-47">[39]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The phrase war on terror was used to refer specifically to the military campaign led by the United States, the United Kingdom, and allied countries against organizations and regimes identified by them as terrorist, and usually excludes other independent <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">counter-terrorist operations and campaigns</a> such as those by Russia and India. The conflict has also been referred to by other names, such as "World War IV",<a href="#cite_note-48">[40]</a> "<a href="/wiki/World_War_III" title="World War III">World War III</a>",<a href="#cite_note-49">[41]</a> "Bush's War on Terror",<a href="#cite_note-50">[42]</a> "The Long War",<a href="#cite_note-51">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-52">[44]</a> "The Forever War",<a href="#cite_note-53">[45]</a> "The Global War on Terror",<a href="#cite_note-54">[46]</a> "The War Against al-Qaeda",<a href="#cite_note-55">[47]</a> or "The War of Terror".<a href="#cite_note-56">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_phrase_and_its_development">Use of phrase and its development</h3></div> The phrase "war against terrorism" existed in North American popular culture and U.S. political parlance prior to the war on terror.<a href="#cite_note-57">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[50]</a> But it was not until the 11 September attacks that it emerged as a globally recognizable phrase and part of everyday lexicon. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Brokaw" title="Tom Brokaw">Tom Brokaw</a>, having just witnessed the collapse of one of the towers of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a>, declared "Terrorists have declared war on [America]."<a href="#cite_note-59">[51]</a> On 16 September 2001, at <a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a>, U.S. president George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an ostensibly unscripted comment when answering a journalist's question about the impact of enhanced law enforcement authority given to the <a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_the_United_States" title="Mass surveillance in the United States">U.S. surveillance</a> agencies on Americans' civil liberties: <blockquote>"This is a new kind of—a new kind of evil. And we understand. And the American people are beginning to understand. This crusade, this war on terrorism is going to take a while. And the American people must be patient. I'm going to be patient."<a href="#cite_note-evilwar-16">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-evilwar2-60">[52]</a></blockquote> The reference to <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a> became subject to heavy criticism due to its controversial connotations in the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a> and historical <a href="/wiki/Muslim-Christian_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim-Christian relations">Muslim-Christian relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-61">[53]</a> On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of Congress, George Bush said, "Our war on terror begins with al Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped and defeated."<a href="#cite_note-whitehousejoint-62">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnntranscript-19">[11]</a> Both the term and the policies it denotes have been a source of ongoing controversy, as various critics and organizations like <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> have argued that it has been used to justify unilateral <a href="/wiki/Preventive_war" title="Preventive war">preventive war</a>, human rights abuses and other violations of international law.<a href="#cite_note-63">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[56]</a> The political theorist Richard Jackson has argued that "the 'war on terrorism' [...] is simultaneously a set of actual practices—wars, covert operations, agencies, and institutions—and an accompanying series of assumptions, beliefs, justifications, and narratives—it is an entire language or discourse".<a href="#cite_note-65">[57]</a> Jackson cites, among many examples, a statement by <a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">John Ashcroft</a> that "the attacks of September 11 drew a bright line of demarcation between the civil and the <a href="/wiki/Savage_(pejorative_term)" title="Savage (pejorative term)">savage</a>".<a href="#cite_note-66">[58]</a> Administration officials also described "terrorists" as hateful, treacherous, barbarous, mad, twisted, perverted, without faith, <a href="/wiki/Parasitism" title="Parasitism">parasitical</a>, inhuman, and, most commonly, evil.<a href="#cite_note-67">[59]</a> Americans, in contrast, were described as brave, loving, generous, strong, resourceful, heroic, and respectful of human rights.<a href="#cite_note-68">[60]</a> Denouncing the remarks of <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, Osama Bin Laden stated during an interview in 21 October 2001: <blockquote>"The events proved the extent of <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> that America exercises in the world. <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush</a> stated that the world has to be divided in two: Bush and his supporters, and any country that doesn't get into the global crusade is with the terrorists. What terrorism is clearer than this? Many governments were forced to support this "new terrorism."<a href="#cite_note-69">[61]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_of_phrase's_usage_by_U.S._government">Decline of phrase's usage by U.S. government</h3></div> In April 2007, the British government announced publicly that it was abandoning the use of the phrase "war on terror" as they found it to be less than helpful.<a href="#cite_note-70">[62]</a> This was explained more recently by Lady <a href="/wiki/Eliza_Manningham-Buller" title="Eliza Manningham-Buller">Eliza Manningham-Buller</a>. In her 2011 <a href="/wiki/Reith_lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Reith lecture">Reith lecture</a>, the former head of <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> said that the 9/11 attacks were "a crime, not an act of war. So I never felt it helpful to refer to a war on terror."<a href="#cite_note-71">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OCO_GWOT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/OCO_GWOT.jpg/220px-OCO_GWOT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/OCO_GWOT.jpg/330px-OCO_GWOT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/OCO_GWOT.jpg/440px-OCO_GWOT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption>Letter from Barack Obama indicating appropriation of congressional funds for "Overseas Contingency Operations/Global War on Terrorism"</figcaption></figure> U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> rarely used the term, but in his inaugural address on 20 January 2009, he stated: "Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred."<a href="#cite_note-72">[64]</a> In March 2009 the Defense Department officially changed the name of operations from "Global War on Terror" to "Overseas Contingency Operation" (OCO).<a href="#cite_note-oco-wapost-73">[65]</a> In March 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama administration</a> requested that <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a> staff members avoid the use of the term and instead to use "Overseas Contingency Operation".<a href="#cite_note-oco-wapost-73">[65]</a> Basic objectives of the Bush administration "war on terror", such as targeting al Qaeda and building international counterterrorism alliances, remain in place.<a href="#cite_note-74">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abandonment_of_phrase">Abandonment of phrase</h4></div> In May 2010, the Obama administration published a report outlining its <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Strategy_(United_States)" title="National Security Strategy (United States)">National Security Strategy</a>. The document dropped the Bush-era phrase "global war on terror" and reference to "Islamic extremism," and stated, "This is not a global war against a tactic—terrorism, or a religion—Islam. We are at war with a specific network, al-Qaeda, and its terrorist affiliates who support efforts to attack the United States, our allies, and partners."<a href="#cite_note-declover-76">[68]</a> Usage of the term "war on terror" was initially discontinued in May 2010<a href="#cite_note-declover-76">[68]</a> and again in May 2013.<a href="#cite_note-whitehdefuniv-77">[69]</a> On 23 May 2013, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> announced that the "war on terrorism" was over,<a href="#cite_note-78">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[71]</a> saying that the U.S. would not wage war against a tactic but would instead focus on a specific group of terrorist networks.<a href="#cite_note-80">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[73]</a> Other American military campaigns during the 2010s have also been considered part of the "war on terror" by individuals and the media.<a href="#cite_note-:1-82">[74]</a> The rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria during 2014–2015 led to the global <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="International military intervention against the Islamic State">international campaign</a> to destroy the terrorist organization. This was considered to be another campaign of the "war on terror".<a href="#cite_note-:1-82">[74]</a> In December 2012, <a href="/wiki/Jeh_Johnson" title="Jeh Johnson">Jeh Johnson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/General_Counsel_of_the_Department_of_Defense" title="General Counsel of the Department of Defense">General Counsel of the Department of Defense</a>, speaking at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford University</a>, stated that the war against al-Qaeda would end when the terrorist group had been weakened so that it was no longer capable of "strategic attacks" and had been "effectively destroyed." At that point, the war would no longer be an armed conflict under <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>,<a href="#cite_note-83">[75]</a> and the military fight could be replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a> operation.<a href="#cite_note-84">[76]</a> In May 2013, two years after the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Osama_bin_Laden" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Osama bin Laden">assassination</a> of <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>, Barack Obama delivered a speech that employed the term global war on terror put in quotation marks (as officially transcribed by the White House): "Now, make no mistake, terrorists still threaten our nation. ... In Afghanistan, we will complete our transition to Afghan responsibility for that country's security. ... Beyond Afghanistan, we must define our effort not as a boundless 'global war on terror,' but rather as a series of persistent, targeted efforts to dismantle specific networks of violent extremists that threaten America. In many cases, this will involve partnerships with other countries." Nevertheless, in the same speech, in a bid to emphasize the legality of military actions undertaken by the U.S., noting that <a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Terrorists" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists">Congress had authorised</a> the use of force, he went on to say, "Under domestic law, and international law, the United States is at war with al Qaeda, the Taliban, and their associated forces. We are at war with an organization that right now would kill as many Americans as they could if we did not stop them first. So this is a just war—a war waged proportionally, in last resort, and in self-defense."<a href="#cite_note-whitehdefuniv-77">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-terrorover-85">[77]</a> Nonetheless, the use of the phrase "war on terror" persists in U.S. politics. In 2017, for example, U.S. Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> called the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing "the opening salvo in a war that we have waged ever since—the global war on terror."<a href="#cite_note-86">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Precursor_to_11_September_attacks">Precursor to 11 September attacks</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamist_terrorist_attacks" title="List of Islamist terrorist attacks">List of Islamist terrorist attacks</a></div> In May 1996, the group World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders (WIFJAJC), sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> (and later re-formed as <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>),<a href="#cite_note-87">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[80]</a> started forming a large base of operations in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, where the Islamist extremist regime of the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> had seized power earlier in the year.<a href="#cite_note-89">[81]</a> In August 1996, Bin Laden declared jihad against the United States.<a href="#cite_note-90">[82]</a> In February 1998, Osama bin Laden signed a <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwa</a>, as head of al-Qaeda, <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war" title="Declaration of war">declaring war</a> on the West and Israel;<a href="#cite_note-91">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[84]</a> in May al-Qaeda released a video declaring war on the U.S. and the West.<a href="#cite_note-93">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[86]</a> On 7 August 1998, al-Qaeda <a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings" title="1998 United States embassy bombings">struck the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania</a>, killing 224 people, including 12 Americans.<a href="#cite_note-95">[87]</a> In retaliation, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Infinite_Reach" title="Operation Infinite Reach">Operation Infinite Reach</a>, a bombing campaign in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> and Afghanistan against targets the U.S. asserted were associated with WIFJAJC,<a href="#cite_note-96">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[89]</a> although others have questioned whether a pharmaceutical plant in Sudan was used as a chemical warfare facility. The plant produced much of the region's <a href="/wiki/Antimalarial_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimalarial drug">antimalarial drugs</a><a href="#cite_note-newstatesman.com-98">[90]</a> and around 50% of Sudan's pharmaceutical needs.<a href="#cite_note-99">[91]</a> The strikes failed to kill any leaders of WIFJAJC or the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-newstatesman.com-98">[90]</a> Next came the <a href="/wiki/2000_millennium_attack_plots" title="2000 millennium attack plots">2000 millennium attack plots</a>, which included an attempted bombing of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a>. On 12 October 2000, the <a href="/wiki/USS_Cole_bombing" title="USS Cole bombing">USS Cole bombing</a> occurred near the port of Yemen, and 17 <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> sailors were killed.<a href="#cite_note-100">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="11_September_attacks">11 September attacks</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></div> On the morning of 11 September 2001, <a href="/wiki/Hijackers_in_the_September_11_attacks" title="Hijackers in the September 11 attacks">nineteen men</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_hijacking" title="Aircraft hijacking">hijacked</a> four <a href="/wiki/Jet_airliner" title="Jet airliner">jet airliners</a>, all of them bound for California. Once the hijackers assumed control of the jet airliners, they told the passengers that they had a <a href="/wiki/Explosive_device" title="Explosive device">bomb</a> on board and would spare the lives of passengers and crew once their demands were met—no passenger and crew actually suspected that they would use the jet airliners as <a href="/wiki/Suicide_weapon" title="Suicide weapon">suicide weapons</a> since it had never happened before in history, and many previous hijacking attempts had been resolved with the passengers and crew escaping unharmed after obeying the hijackers.<a href="#cite_note-Holmes-101">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keppel2008-102">[94]</a> The hijackers—members of al-Qaeda's <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_cell" title="Hamburg cell">Hamburg cell</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[95]</a>—intentionally crashed two jet airliners into the Twin Towers of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> in New York City. Both buildings collapsed within two hours from fire damage related to the crashes, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others. The hijackers crashed a third jet airliner into <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>, just outside Washington, D.C. The fourth jet airliner crashed into a field near <a href="/wiki/Shanksville,_Pennsylvania" title="Shanksville, Pennsylvania">Shanksville</a>, Pennsylvania, after some of its passengers and flight crew attempted to retake control of the jet airliners, which the hijackers had redirected toward Washington, D.C., to target the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> or the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a>. None of the flights had any survivors. A total of 2,977 victims and the 19 hijackers perished in the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-104">[96]</a> Fifteen of the nineteen were citizens of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, and the others were from the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> (2), <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-105">[97]</a> On 13 September, for the first time ever, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> invoked <a href="/wiki/NATO_Article_5" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO Article 5">Article 5</a> of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a>, which commits each member state to consider an armed attack against one member state to be an armed attack against them all.<a href="#cite_note-106">[98]</a> The invocation of Article 5 led to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Assist" title="Operation Eagle Assist">Operation Eagle Assist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Active_Endeavour" title="Operation Active Endeavour">Operation Active Endeavour</a>. On 18 September 2001, President Bush signed the <a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_of_2001" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force of 2001">Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists</a> passed by Congress a few days prior; the authorization is still active to this day and has been used to justify numerous military actions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._objectives">U.S. objectives</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battlefields_in_The_Global_War_on_Terror.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Battlefields_in_The_Global_War_on_Terror.svg/350px-Battlefields_in_The_Global_War_on_Terror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Battlefields_in_The_Global_War_on_Terror.svg/525px-Battlefields_in_The_Global_War_on_Terror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Battlefields_in_The_Global_War_on_Terror.svg/700px-Battlefields_in_The_Global_War_on_Terror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_Counterterrorism_Initiative" title="Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative">Trans-Sahara initiative</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Major military operations (as of 2011) (<a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Pakistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq</a> • <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somalia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Yemen" title="Terrorism in Yemen">Yemen</a>)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other allies involved in major operations</div> <a href="/wiki/File:Circle_Burgundy_Solid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Circle_Burgundy_Solid.svg/13px-Circle_Burgundy_Solid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Circle_Burgundy_Solid.svg/20px-Circle_Burgundy_Solid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Circle_Burgundy_Solid.svg/26px-Circle_Burgundy_Solid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> Major terrorist attacks by al-Qaeda and affiliated groups: (as of 2011) 1. <a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings" title="1998 United States embassy bombings">1998 United States embassy bombings</a> • 2. <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> • 3. <a href="/wiki/2002_Bali_bombings" title="2002 Bali bombings">Bali bombings 2002</a>• 4. <a href="/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="2004 Madrid train bombings">Madrid bombings 2004</a> • 5. <a href="/wiki/2005_London_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 London bombings">London bombings 2005</a> • 6. <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">Mumbai attacks 2008</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Terrorists" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists">Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists</a> or "AUMF" was made law on 14 September 2001, to authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for 11 September attacks. It authorized the President to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on 11 September 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or individuals. Congress declares this is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of section 5(b) of the <a href="/wiki/War_Powers_Resolution" title="War Powers Resolution">War Powers Resolution</a> of 1973. The <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush administration">George W. Bush administration</a> defined the following objectives in the war on terror:<a href="#cite_note-NatStratCombatTerror-107">[99]</a> <ol><li>Defeat terrorists such as <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a> and destroy their organizations</li> <li>Identify, locate and demolish terrorists along with their organizations</li> <li>Reject sponsorship, support and sanctuary to terrorists <ol><li>End the <a href="/wiki/State_sponsorship_of_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="State sponsorship of terrorism">state sponsorship of terrorism</a></li> <li>Establish and maintain an international standard of responsibility concerning combating terrorism</li> <li>Strengthen and maintain the international effort to combat terrorism</li> <li>Function with willing and able states</li> <li>Enable weak states</li> <li>Persuade reluctant states</li> <li>Compel unwilling states</li> <li>Intervene and dismantle material support for terrorists</li> <li>Abolish terrorist sanctuaries and havens</li></ol></li> <li>Reduce the underlying conditions that terrorists seek to exploit <ol><li>Establish partnerships with the international community to strengthen weak states and prevent (re)emergence of terrorism</li> <li>Win the war of ideals</li></ol></li> <li>Protect U.S. citizens and interests at home and abroad <ol><li>Integrate the <a href="/wiki/National_Strategy_for_Homeland_Security" title="National Strategy for Homeland Security">National Strategy for Homeland Security</a></li> <li>Attain domain awareness</li> <li>Enhance measures to ensure the integrity, reliability, and availability of critical, physical, and information-based infrastructures at home and abroad</li> <li>Implement measures to protect U.S. citizens abroad</li> <li>Ensure an integrated incident management capacity</li></ol></li></ol> The 2001 AUMF has authorized US President to launch military operations across the world without any congressional oversight or transparency. Between 2018 and 2020 alone, US forces initiated what it labelled "counter-terror" activities in 85 countries. Of these, the 2001 AUMF has been used to launch classified military campaigns in at least 22 countries.<a href="#cite_note-108">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[101]</a> The 2001 AUMF has been widely perceived as a bill that grants the President powers to unilaterally wage perpetual "world wide wars".<a href="#cite_note-110">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_on_Terror" title="Timeline of the War on Terror">timeline of the War on Terror</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation_Enduring_Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Streamer_gwotE.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Streamer_gwotE.PNG/220px-Streamer_gwotE.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Streamer_gwotE.PNG/330px-Streamer_gwotE.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Streamer_gwotE.PNG/440px-Streamer_gwotE.PNG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a><figcaption>Campaign streamer awarded to units who have participated in <a href="/wiki/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Expeditionary_Medal" title="Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal">Operation Enduring Freedom</a></figcaption></figure> Operation Enduring Freedom is the official name used by the Bush administration for the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a>, together with three smaller military actions, under the umbrella of the global war on terror. <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_al-Qaeda" title="List of wars and battles involving al-Qaeda">These global operations</a> are intended to seek out and destroy any al-Qaeda fighters or affiliates. Originally, the campaign was named "Eternal Justice" but due to widespread controversy and condemnation in the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>, the phrasing was changed to "Enduring Freedom".<a href="#cite_note-auto2-61">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="List of military operations in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">List of military operations in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></div> On 20 September 2001, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, George W. Bush delivered an ultimatum to the Taliban government of Afghanistan, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a>, to turn over Osama bin Laden and <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> leaders operating in the country or face attack.<a href="#cite_note-cnntranscript-19">[11]</a> The Taliban demanded evidence of bin Laden's link to 11 September attacks and, if such evidence warranted a trial, they offered to handle such a trial in an Islamic Court.<a href="#cite_note-111">[103]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M249_with_Mk46_stock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/M249_with_Mk46_stock.jpg/220px-M249_with_Mk46_stock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/M249_with_Mk46_stock.jpg/330px-M249_with_Mk46_stock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/M249_with_Mk46_stock.jpg/440px-M249_with_Mk46_stock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Army soldier of the <a href="/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division" title="10th Mountain Division">10th Mountain Division</a> in Nuristan Province, June 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_at_Khost_Province_of_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/US_Army_at_Khost_Province_of_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-US_Army_at_Khost_Province_of_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/US_Army_at_Khost_Province_of_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-US_Army_at_Khost_Province_of_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/US_Army_at_Khost_Province_of_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-US_Army_at_Khost_Province_of_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="3683" /></a><figcaption>An American soldier in Afghanistan's <a href="/wiki/Khost_Province" title="Khost Province">Khost Province</a></figcaption></figure> Subsequently, in October 2001, U.S. forces (with UK and coalition allies) <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">invaded Afghanistan</a> to oust the Taliban regime. On 7 October 2001, the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting <a href="/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">airstrike</a> campaigns over enemy targets. Shortly after, Bush rejected a Taliban offer to hand over bin Laden on the condition the bombing campaign was halted,<a href="#cite_note-112">[104]</a> and by mid-November, Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan, <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2001)" title="Fall of Kabul (2001)">fell</a>. The remaining al-Qaeda and Taliban remnants fell back to the rugged mountains of eastern Afghanistan, mainly Tora Bora. In December, Coalition forces (the U.S. and its allies) <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora" title="Battle of Tora Bora">fought within that region</a>. It is believed that Osama bin Laden escaped into Pakistan during the battle.<a href="#cite_note-113">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[106]</a> In March 2002, the U.S. and other <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and non-NATO forces launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anaconda" title="Operation Anaconda">Operation Anaconda</a> with the goal of destroying any remaining al-Qaeda and Taliban forces in the <a href="/wiki/Shah-i-Kot_Valley" title="Shah-i-Kot Valley">Shah-i-Kot Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arma_Mountains" title="Arma Mountains">Arma Mountains</a> of Afghanistan. The Taliban suffered heavy casualties and evacuated the region.<a href="#cite_note-115">[107]</a> The Taliban regrouped in western Pakistan and began to unleash an insurgent-style offensive against Coalition forces in late 2002.<a href="#cite_note-116">[108]</a> Throughout southern and eastern Afghanistan, firefights broke out between the surging Taliban and Coalition forces. Coalition forces responded with a series of military offensives and an increase of troops in Afghanistan. In February 2010, Coalition forces launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Moshtarak" title="Operation Moshtarak">Operation Moshtarak</a> in southern Afghanistan along with other military offensives in the hopes that they would destroy the Taliban insurgency once and for all.<a href="#cite_note-117">[109]</a> Peace talks were also underway between Taliban affiliated fighters and Coalition forces.<a href="#cite_note-118">[110]</a> In September 2014, Afghanistan and the United States signed a security agreement, which allowed the United States and NATO forces to remain in Afghanistan until at least 2024.<a href="#cite_note-119">[111]</a> However, on 29 February 2020, the United States and the Taliban signed a conditional <a href="/wiki/Afghan_peace_process" title="Afghan peace process">peace deal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> which required that <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2021)">US troops withdraw from Afghanistan</a> within 14 months so long as the Taliban cooperated with the terms of the agreement not to "allow any of its members, other individuals or groups, including Al Qaeda, to use the soil of Afghanistan to threaten the security of the United States and its allies".<a href="#cite_note-120">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-proposedwithdrawal-121">[113]</a> The Afghan government was not a party to the deal and rejected its terms regarding release of prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-nprreject-122">[114]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> became president, he moved back the target withdrawal date to 31 August 2021.<a href="#cite_note-:9-123">[115]</a> On 15 August 2021, the Afghan capital <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">Kabul fell</a> to a surprisingly effective <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">Taliban offensive</a>, ending the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">war in Afghanistan</a>. The US military and NATO troops took control of Kabul's <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamid Karzai International Airport">Hamid Karzai International Airport</a> for use in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Allies_Refuge" title="Operation Allies Refuge">Operation Allies Refuge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2021_evacuation_from_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 evacuation from Afghanistan">large-scale evacuation</a> of foreign citizens and certain vulnerable <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghans</a>, executed in cooperation with the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-124">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[120]</a> On 30 August 2021, the United States completed its hasty <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2020%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2020–2021)">withdrawal of its military from Afghanistan</a>. The withdrawal was heavily criticized both domestically and abroad for being chaotic and haphazard,<a href="#cite_note-129">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[122]</a> as well as for lending more momentum to the <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">Taliban offensive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[123]</a> However, many European countries followed suit, including Britain, Germany, Italy, and Poland.<a href="#cite_note-132">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[125]</a> Despite evacuating over 120,000 people, the <a href="/wiki/2021_evacuation_from_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 evacuation from Afghanistan">large-scale evacuation</a> has also been criticized for leaving behind hundreds of American citizens, residents, and family members.<a href="#cite_note-134">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_Security_Assistance_Force">International Security Assistance Force</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg/222px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg/333px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg/444px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="1990" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">U.S. Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> with <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/Richard_Myers" title="Richard Myers">Richard B. Myers</a> and joined by military representatives from <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">29 countries of the worldwide coalition</a> on the war against terrorism, at <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>, 11 March 2002</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISAF_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/ISAF_map.svg/220px-ISAF_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/ISAF_map.svg/330px-ISAF_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/ISAF_map.svg/440px-ISAF_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>Map of countries contributing troops to ISAF as of 5 March 2010. Major contributors (over 1000 troops) in dark green, other contributors in light green, and former contributors in magenta.</figcaption></figure> The NATO-led <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> (ISAF) was created in December 2001 to assist the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Transitional_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Transitional Administration">Afghan Transitional Administration</a> and the first post-Taliban elected government. With a renewed Taliban insurgency, it was announced in 2006 that ISAF would replace the U.S. troops in the province as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. The British <a href="/wiki/16th_Air_Assault_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Air Assault Brigade">16th Air Assault Brigade</a> (later reinforced by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>) formed the core of the force in southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. The initial force consisted of roughly 3,300 British, 2,000 Canadian, 1,400 from the Netherlands and 240 from Australia, along with special forces from Denmark and <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> and small contingents from other nations. The monthly supply of cargo containers through Pakistani route to ISAF in Afghanistan is over 4,000 costing around 12 billion in Pakistani Rupees.<a href="#cite_note-135">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SF_Soldier_in_Philippines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/SF_Soldier_in_Philippines.jpg/220px-SF_Soldier_in_Philippines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/SF_Soldier_in_Philippines.jpg/330px-SF_Soldier_in_Philippines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/SF_Soldier_in_Philippines.jpg/440px-SF_Soldier_in_Philippines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/U.S._Special_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Special Forces">U.S. Special Forces</a> soldier and infantrymen of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Army" title="Philippine Army">Philippine Army</a></figcaption></figure> In January 2002, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">United States Special Operations Command, Pacific</a> deployed to the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> to advise and assist the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a> in combating Filipino Islamist groups.<a href="#cite_note-140">[132]</a> The operations were mainly focused on removing the <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a> group and <a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a> (JI) from their stronghold on the island of <a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The second portion of the operation was conducted as a humanitarian program called "Operation Smiles". The goal of the program was to provide medical care and services to the region of Basilan as part of a "Hearts and Minds" program.<a href="#cite_note-141">[133]</a> Joint Special Operations Task Force – Philippines disbanded in June 2014,<a href="#cite_note-142">[134]</a> ending a successful 12-year mission.<a href="#cite_note-143">[135]</a> After JSOTF-P had disbanded, as late as November 2014, American forces continued to operate in the Philippines under the name "PACOM Augmentation Team", until 24 February 2015.<a href="#cite_note-144">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[137]</a> On 1 September 2017, US Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Jim_Mattis" title="Jim Mattis">Jim Mattis</a> designated <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pacific_Eagle_%E2%80%93_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Pacific Eagle – Philippines">Operation Pacific Eagle – Philippines</a> (OPE-P) as a contingency operation to support the Philippine government and the military in their efforts to isolate, degrade, and defeat the affiliates of ISIL (collectively referred to as ISIL-Philippines or ISIL-P) and other terrorist organisations in the Philippines.<a href="#cite_note-146">[138]</a> By 2018, American operations within the Philippines against terrorist groups involved as many as 300 advisers.<a href="#cite_note-147">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trans-Sahara_(Northern_Africa)">Trans-Sahara (Northern Africa)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">Operation Juniper Shield</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Mali_conflict.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Northern_Mali_conflict.svg/220px-Northern_Mali_conflict.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Northern_Mali_conflict.svg/330px-Northern_Mali_conflict.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Northern_Mali_conflict.svg/440px-Northern_Mali_conflict.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1255" /></a><figcaption>A map of the conflict in northern Mali</figcaption></figure> Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara (OEF-TS), now Operation Juniper Shield, is the name of the military operation conducted by the U.S. and partner nations in the Sahara/Sahel region of Africa, consisting of counter-terrorism efforts and policing of arms and drug trafficking across central Africa. The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mali_conflict_(2012%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mali conflict (2012–present)">conflict in northern Mali</a> began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic militants. In January 2013, France intervened on behalf of the Malian government's request and deployed troops into the region. They launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Serval" title="Operation Serval">Operation Serval</a> on 11 January 2013, with the hopes of dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali.<a href="#cite_note-148">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horn_of_Africa_and_the_Red_Sea">Horn of Africa and the Red Sea</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Somalia_War_(2006%E2%80%932009)" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalia War (2006–2009)">Ethiopian occupation of Somalia (2006–2009)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somali Civil War (2009–present)</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_military_intervention_in_Somalia_(2007%E2%80%93present)" title="American military intervention in Somalia (2007–present)">American military intervention in Somalia (2007–present)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Somalia" title="CIA activities in Somalia">CIA activities in Somalia</a></div> Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa is an extension of Operation Enduring Freedom. Unlike other operations contained in Operation Enduring Freedom, OEF-HOA does not have a specific organization as a target. OEF-HOA instead focuses its efforts to disrupt and detect militant activities in the region and to work with willing governments to prevent the reemergence of militant cells and activities.<a href="#cite_note-149">[141]</a> In October 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa">Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa</a> (CJTF-HOA) was established in <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Lemonnier" title="Camp Lemonnier">Camp Lemonnier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[142]</a> It contains approximately 2,000 personnel including U.S. military and special operations forces (SOF) and coalition force members, <a href="/wiki/Combined_Task_Force_150" title="Combined Task Force 150">Combined Task Force 150</a> (CTF-150). Task Force 150 consists of ships from a shifting group of nations, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Pakistan, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The primary goal of the coalition forces is to monitor, inspect, board and stop suspected shipments from entering the Horn of Africa region and affecting the United States' <a href="/wiki/Operation_Iraqi_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Iraqi Freedom">Operation Iraqi Freedom</a>. Included in the operation is the training of selected armed forces units of the countries of Djibouti, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> in counter-terrorism and <a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-insurgency">counter-insurgency</a> tactics. Humanitarian efforts conducted by CJTF-HOA include rebuilding of schools and medical clinics and providing medical services to those countries whose forces are being trained. The program expands as part of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_Counterterrorism_Initiative" title="Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative">Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative</a> as CJTF personnel also assist in training the armed forces of <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, Niger, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>. However, the war on terror does not include Sudan, where over 400,000 have died in an ongoing civil war. On 1 July 2006, a Web-posted message purportedly written by Osama bin Laden urged <a href="/wiki/Somalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalis">Somalis</a> to build an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a> in the country and warned western governments that the al-Qaeda network would fight against them if they intervened there.<a href="#cite_note-BIN-LADEN-MESSAGE-IRAQ-SOMALIA-151">[143]</a> The Prime Minister of Somalia claimed that three "terror suspects" from the <a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings" title="1998 United States embassy bombings">1998 United States embassy bombings</a> are being sheltered in Kismayo.<a href="#cite_note-152">[144]</a> On 30 December 2006, al-Qaeda deputy leader <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> called upon Muslims worldwide to fight against Ethiopia and the TFG in Somalia.<a href="#cite_note-153">[145]</a> On 8 January 2007, the U.S. launched the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_Kamboni" title="Battle of Ras Kamboni">Battle of Ras Kamboni</a> by bombing <a href="/wiki/Ras_Kamboni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras Kamboni">Ras Kamboni</a> using <a href="/wiki/AC-130" class="mw-redirect" title="AC-130">AC-130</a> gunships.<a href="#cite_note-154">[146]</a> On 14 September 2009, <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces (United States Army)">U.S. Special Forces</a> killed two men and wounded and captured two others near the Somali village of <a href="/wiki/Baraawe_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Baraawe raid">Baarawe</a>. Witnesses claim that helicopters used for the operation launched from French-flagged warships, but that could not be confirmed. A Somali-based al-Qaida affiliated group, the <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a>, has verified the death of "sheik commander" <a href="/wiki/Saleh_Ali_Saleh_Nabhan" title="Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan">Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan</a> along with an unspecified number of militants.<a href="#cite_note-155">[147]</a> Nabhan, a Kenyan, was wanted in connection with the <a href="/wiki/2002_Mombasa_attacks" title="2002 Mombasa attacks">2002 Mombasa attacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iraq_War">Iraq War</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_and_the_War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq War and the War on Terror">Iraq War and the War on Terror</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2002_State_of_the_Union_Address">2002 State of the Union Address</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></div> During his <a href="/wiki/2002_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2002 State of the Union Address">2002 State of the Union Address</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> accused <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and Iraq of propping up <a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_terrorism" title="State-sponsored terrorism">state-sponsored terrorism</a> and pursuing Weapons of Mass Destruction. These countries were portrayed as a global threat and categorised under the terminology referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a>".<a href="#cite_note-157">[149]</a> Regarding <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, Bush alleged: <blockquote>"Iraq continues to flaunt its hostility toward America and to support terror. The Iraqi regime has plotted to develop anthrax and nerve gas and nuclear weapons for over a decade. This is a regime that has already used poison gas to murder thousands of its own citizens, leaving the bodies of mothers huddled over their dead children. This is a regime that agreed to international inspections, then kicked out the inspectors. This is a regime that has something to hide from the civilized world."<a href="#cite_note-158">[150]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prelude">Prelude</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Preparations_for_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Preparations for 2003 invasion of Iraq">Preparations for 2003 invasion of Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saddam%E2%80%93al-Qaeda_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory">Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory</a></div> In October 2002, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> passed the "<a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Iraq_Resolution_of_2002" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002">Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002</a>", which empowered the U.S. president to order military attack against Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-ResolutionText-159">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[152]</a> On 5 February 2003, Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> made a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_and_the_Iraq_War#Colin_Powell's_presentation" title="United Nations Security Council and the Iraq War">presentation before the UN Security Council</a> which claimed to implicate Iraq in building a secret WMD program and having ties to <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[153]</a> On 17 March 2003, Bush issued an ultimatum to <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> and his two sons to flee Iraq within a 48-hour deadline or else face "military conflict".<a href="#cite_note-auto-162">[154]</a> Justifying his policy Bush declared: <blockquote>"Terrorists and terror states do not reveal these threats with fair notice, in formal declarations—and responding to such enemies only after they have struck first is not self-defense, it is suicide. The security of the world requires disarming Saddam Hussein now."<a href="#cite_note-auto-162">[154]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invasion_of_Iraq">Invasion of Iraq</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C-130J_Hercules,_Iraq,_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/C-130J_Hercules%2C_Iraq%2C_2003.jpg/220px-C-130J_Hercules%2C_Iraq%2C_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/C-130J_Hercules%2C_Iraq%2C_2003.jpg/330px-C-130J_Hercules%2C_Iraq%2C_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/C-130J_Hercules%2C_Iraq%2C_2003.jpg/440px-C-130J_Hercules%2C_Iraq%2C_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>A British <a href="/wiki/C-130J_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130J Hercules">C-130J Hercules</a> aircraft launches <a href="/wiki/Flare_(countermeasure)" title="Flare (countermeasure)">flare countermeasures</a> before being the first coalition aircraft to land on the newly reopened military runway at <a href="/wiki/Baghdad_International_Airport" title="Baghdad International Airport">Baghdad International Airport</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Iraq War began in March 2003 with an air campaign, which was immediately followed by a <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">U.S.-led ground invasion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-164">[156]</a> The Bush administration cited UNSC Resolution 1441, which warned of "serious consequences" for violations such as <a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction</a>. The Bush administration also <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_and_U.S._Global_War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq War and U.S. Global War on Terror">stated the Iraq War</a> was part of the war on terror, a claim later <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of the War on Terror">questioned and contested</a>. Iraq had been listed as a <a href="/wiki/State_sponsor_of_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="State sponsor of terrorism">state sponsor of terrorism</a> by the U.S. since 1990,<a href="#cite_note-165">[157]</a> when <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Kuwait">invaded Kuwait</a>. The first ground attack came at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Umm_Qasr" title="Battle of Umm Qasr">Battle of Umm Qasr</a> on 21 March 2003, when a combined force of British, U.S. and Polish forces seized control of the port city of <a href="/wiki/Umm_Qasr" title="Umm Qasr">Umm Qasr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, Iraq's capital city, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2003)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2003)">fell to U.S. troops</a> in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein's government quickly dissolved.<a href="#cite_note-167">[159]</a> On 1 May 2003, <a href="/wiki/2003_Mission_Accomplished_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Mission Accomplished speech">Bush announced</a> that major combat operations in Iraq had ended.<a href="#cite_note-168">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraqi_Insurgency_(2003–11)">Iraqi Insurgency (2003–11)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Iraqi Insurgency</a></div> However, an insurgency arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. The rebellion, which included <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">al-Qaeda-affiliated groups</a>, led to many coalition casualties. Other elements of the insurgency were led by fugitive members of President Hussein's <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'ath">Ba'ath</a> regime, which included Iraqi nationalists and <a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Arabist">pan-Arabists</a>. Many insurgency leaders were <a href="/wiki/Islamists" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamists">Islamists</a> and claimed to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> of centuries past.<a href="#cite_note-169">[161]</a> Saddam Hussein <a href="/wiki/Operation_Red_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Red Dawn">was captured by U.S. forces</a> in December 2003 and <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Execution of Saddam Hussein">was executed</a> in 2006. In 2004, the insurgent forces grew stronger. The U.S. launched offensives on insurgent strongholds in cities like <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2004)" title="Battle of Najaf (2004)">Najaf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah</a>. In January 2007, President Bush presented a new strategy for Operation Iraqi Freedom based upon counter-insurgency theories and tactics developed by General <a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">Iraq War troop surge of 2007</a> was part of this "new way forward", which along with U.S. backing of <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> groups it had previously sought to defeat has been credited with a widely recognized dramatic decrease in violence by up to 80%.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The war entered a new phase on 1 September 2010,<a href="#cite_note-170">[162]</a> with the official end of U.S. combat operations. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_in_Iraq_(2013–17)">War in Iraq (2013–17)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></div> President Obama ordered the withdrawal of most troops in 2011, but began redeploying forces in 2014 to fight the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> group.<a href="#cite_note-171">[163]</a> As of July 2021, there were approximately 2,500 U.S. troops in Iraq, who continue to assist in the mission to combat the remnants of IS.<a href="#cite_note-172">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%27s_role_in_the_War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan's role in the War on Terror">Pakistan's role in the War on Terror</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism">Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="List of drone strikes in Pakistan">List of drone strikes in Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Pakistan–United States relations">Pakistan–United States relations</a></div> Following 11 September attacks, former President of Pakistan <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> sided with the U.S. against the Taliban government in Afghanistan after an ultimatum by then U.S. President George W. Bush. Musharraf agreed to give the U.S. the use of three airbases for Operation Enduring Freedom. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> and other U.S. administration officials met with Musharraf. On 19 September 2001, Musharraf addressed the people of Pakistan and stated that, while he opposed military tactics against the Taliban, Pakistan risked being endangered by an alliance of India and the U.S. if it did not cooperate. In 2006, Musharraf testified that this stance was pressured by threats from the U.S., and revealed in his memoirs that he had "war-gamed" the United States as an adversary and decided that it would end in a loss for Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-173">[165]</a> On 12 January 2002, Musharraf gave a speech against Islamic extremism. He unequivocally condemned all acts of terrorism and pledged to combat Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan itself. He stated that his government was committed to rooting out extremism and made it clear that the banned militant organizations would not be allowed to resurface under any new name. He said, "the recent decision to ban extremist groups promoting militancy was taken in the national interest after thorough consultations. It was not taken under any foreign influence".<a href="#cite_note-174">[166]</a> In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested <a href="/wiki/Maulana_Masood_Azhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulana Masood Azhar">Maulana Masood Azhar</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Muhammad_Saeed" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafiz Muhammad Saeed">Hafiz Muhammad Saeed</a>, chief of the <a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a>, and took dozens of activists into custody. An official ban was imposed on the groups on 12 January.<a href="#cite_note-175">[167]</a> Later that year, the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi</a> born <a href="/wiki/Abu_Zubaydah" title="Abu Zubaydah">Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah</a> was arrested by Pakistani officials during a series of joint U.S.–Pakistan raids. Zubaydah is said to have been a high-ranking al-Qaeda official with the title of operations chief and in charge of running al-Qaeda training camps.<a href="#cite_note-176">[168]</a> Other prominent al-Qaeda members were arrested in the following two years, namely <a href="/wiki/Ramzi_bin_al-Shibh" title="Ramzi bin al-Shibh">Ramzi bin al-Shibh</a>, who is known to have been a financial backer of al-Qaeda operations, and <a href="/wiki/Khalid_Sheikh_Mohammed" title="Khalid Sheikh Mohammed">Khalid Sheikh Mohammed</a>, who at the time of his capture was the third highest-ranking official in al-Qaeda and had been directly in charge of the planning for 11 September attacks. In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a> launched a campaign in the <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">Federally Administered Tribal Areas</a> of Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Waziristan" title="Waziristan">Waziristan</a> region, sending in 80,000 troops. The goal of the conflict was to remove the al-Qaeda and Taliban forces in the area. After the fall of the Taliban regime, many members of the Taliban resistance fled to the Northern border region of Afghanistan and Pakistan where the Pakistani army had previously little control. With the logistics and air support of the United States, the Pakistani Army captured or killed numerous al-Qaeda operatives such as Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, wanted for his involvement in the USS Cole bombing, the <a href="/wiki/Bojinka_plot" title="Bojinka plot">Bojinka plot</a>, and the killing of <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> reporter <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pearl" title="Daniel Pearl">Daniel Pearl</a>. The United States has carried out a campaign of <a href="/wiki/Drone_attacks_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone attacks in Pakistan">drone attacks</a> on targets all over the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. However, the <a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">Pakistani Taliban</a> still operates there. To this day it is estimated that 15 U.S. soldiers were killed while fighting al-Qaeda and Taliban remnants in Pakistan since the war on terror began.<a href="#cite_note-177">[169]</a> Osama bin Laden, his wife, and son, were all killed on 2 May 2011, during a raid conducted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_special_operations_forces" title="United States special operations forces">United States special operations forces</a> in <a href="/wiki/Abbottabad" title="Abbottabad">Abbottabad</a>, Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-178">[170]</a> The use of drones by the Central Intelligence Agency in Pakistan to carry out operations associated with the global war on terror sparks debate over sovereignty and the laws of war. The U.S. Government uses the CIA rather than the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> for strikes in Pakistan to avoid breaching sovereignty through military invasion. The United States was criticized by[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">according to whom?</a>] a report on drone warfare and <a href="/wiki/Airspace" title="Airspace">aerial sovereignty</a> for abusing the term 'global war on terror' to carry out military operations through government agencies without formally declaring war. After 11 September attacks, U.S. economic and security aid to Pakistan spiked considerably. With the authorization of the Enhanced Partnership for Pakistan Act, Pakistan was granted US$7.5 billion over five years from FY2010–FY2014.<a href="#cite_note-179">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yemen">Yemen</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Yemen" title="Drone strikes in Yemen">Drone strikes in Yemen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni civil war (2014-present)">Yemeni civil war (2014-present)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Red Sea crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2024_missile_strikes_in_Yemen" title="2024 missile strikes in Yemen">2024 missile strikes in Yemen</a></div> The United States has also conducted a <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_al-Qaeda_crackdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown">series of military strikes on al-Qaeda militants</a> in Yemen since the war on terror began.<a href="#cite_note-180">[172]</a> Yemen has a weak central government and a powerful tribal system that leaves large lawless areas open for militant training and operations. <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> has a strong presence in the country.<a href="#cite_note-181">[173]</a> On 31 March 2011, AQAP declared the Al-Qaeda Emirate in Yemen after its captured most of <a href="/wiki/Abyan_Governorate" title="Abyan Governorate">Abyan Governorate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[174]</a> The U.S., in an effort to support Yemeni counter-terrorism efforts, has increased their military aid package to Yemen from less than $11 million in 2006 to more than $70 million in 2009, as well as providing up to $121 million for development over the next three years.<a href="#cite_note-183">[175]</a> In 2024, the U.S. has re-designated the <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a> as <a href="/wiki/Specially_Designated_Global_Terrorist" title="Specially Designated Global Terrorist">Specially Designated Global Terrorists</a> in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Red Sea crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Poseidon_Archer" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Poseidon Archer">Operation Poseidon Archer</a>. The military campaign is still ongoing.<a href="#cite_note-184">[176]</a> It has been argued that the Houthis have team up with Al-Qaeda since 2023.<a href="#cite_note-185">[177]</a> Since then, this alliance remains ongoing under the context of the Red Sea crisis.<a href="#cite_note-186">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_military_operations">Other military operations</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operation_Inherent_Resolve_(Syria_and_Iraq)">Operation Inherent Resolve (Syria and Iraq)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_intervention_against_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention against ISIL">Military intervention against ISIL</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars and battles involving ISIL">List of wars and battles involving ISIL</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Syrian Civil War">Spillover of the Syrian Civil War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Syria">American-led intervention in Syria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Task_Force_Warclub_conducts_CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Task_Force_Warclub_conducts_CE.jpg/220px-Task_Force_Warclub_conducts_CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Task_Force_Warclub_conducts_CE.jpg/330px-Task_Force_Warclub_conducts_CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Task_Force_Warclub_conducts_CE.jpg/440px-Task_Force_Warclub_conducts_CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption>U.S. soldiers in Syria during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></figcaption></figure> The Obama administration began to re-engage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIL starting on 10 August 2014.<a href="#cite_note-187">[179]</a> On 9 September 2014, President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a>, citing the 2001 Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, and thus did not require additional approval from Congress.<a href="#cite_note-188">[180]</a> The following day on 10 September 2014 President Barack Obama made a televised speech about ISIL, which he stated: "Our objective is clear: We will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy".<a href="#cite_note-ObamaSpeech10SEP14-189">[181]</a> Obama has authorized the deployment of additional U.S. Forces into Iraq, as well as authorizing direct military operations against ISIL within Syria.<a href="#cite_note-ObamaSpeech10SEP14-189">[181]</a> On the night of 21/22 September the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar started air attacks against ISIL in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-190">[182]</a> In October 2014, it was reported that the U.S. Department of Defense considers military operations against ISIL as being under Operation Enduring Freedom in regards to campaign medal awarding.<a href="#cite_note-191">[183]</a> On 15 October, the military intervention became known as "Operation Inherent Resolve".<a href="#cite_note-192">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_State_of_Lanao_and_the_Battle_of_Marawi">Islamic State of Lanao and the Battle of Marawi</h3></div> With the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant</a> (ISIL), jihadist offshoots sprung up in <a href="/wiki/ISIL_territorial_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL territorial claims">regions around the world</a>, including the Philippines. The <a href="/wiki/Maute_group" title="Maute group">Maute group</a>, composed of former <a href="/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front">Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> guerrillas and foreign fighters led by <a href="/wiki/Omar_Maute" title="Omar Maute">Omar Maute</a>, the alleged founder of a Dawlah Islamiya, declared loyalty to ISIL and began clashing with Philippine security forces and staging <a href="/wiki/2016_Davao_City_bombing" title="2016 Davao City bombing">bombings</a>. On 23 May 2017, the group attacked the city of <a href="/wiki/Marawi" title="Marawi">Marawi</a>, resulting in the bloody <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Marawi">Battle of Marawi</a> that lasted 5 months. After the decisive battle, remnants of the group were reportedly still recruiting in 2017 and 2018.<a href="#cite_note-193">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libyan_War">Libyan War</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Factional_violence_in_Libya_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)">Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%932020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Civil War (2014–2020)">Libyan Civil War (2014–2020)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_intervention_in_Libya_(2015%E2%80%932019)" class="mw-redirect" title="American intervention in Libya (2015–2019)">American intervention in Libya (2015–2019)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_AV-8B_Harrier_takes_off_from_the_flight_deck_of_USS_Wasp_(LHD_1)_Aug._8,_2016._(28829655742).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/An_AV-8B_Harrier_takes_off_from_the_flight_deck_of_USS_Wasp_%28LHD_1%29_Aug._8%2C_2016._%2828829655742%29.jpg/220px-An_AV-8B_Harrier_takes_off_from_the_flight_deck_of_USS_Wasp_%28LHD_1%29_Aug._8%2C_2016._%2828829655742%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/An_AV-8B_Harrier_takes_off_from_the_flight_deck_of_USS_Wasp_%28LHD_1%29_Aug._8%2C_2016._%2828829655742%29.jpg/330px-An_AV-8B_Harrier_takes_off_from_the_flight_deck_of_USS_Wasp_%28LHD_1%29_Aug._8%2C_2016._%2828829655742%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/An_AV-8B_Harrier_takes_off_from_the_flight_deck_of_USS_Wasp_%28LHD_1%29_Aug._8%2C_2016._%2828829655742%29.jpg/440px-An_AV-8B_Harrier_takes_off_from_the_flight_deck_of_USS_Wasp_%28LHD_1%29_Aug._8%2C_2016._%2828829655742%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_AV-8B_Harrier_II" title="McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II">AV-8B Harrier</a> takes off from the flight deck of <a href="/wiki/USS_Wasp_(LHD-1)" title="USS Wasp (LHD-1)">USS Wasp</a> during <a href="/wiki/Military_intervention_against_ISIL#Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention against ISIL">Operation Odyssey Lightning</a>, 8 August 2016.</figcaption></figure> NBC News reported that in mid-2014, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya">ISIL had about 1,000 fighters in Libya</a>. Taking advantage of a power vacuum in the center of the country, far from the major cities of <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>, ISIL expanded rapidly over the next 18 months. Local militants were joined by jihadists from the rest of North Africa, the Middle East, Europe and the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>. The force absorbed or defeated other Islamist groups inside <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> and the central ISIL leadership in <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, began urging foreign recruits to head for Libya instead of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">ISIL</a> seized control of the coastal city of <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a> in early 2015 and then began to expand to the east and south. By the beginning of 2016, it had effective control of 120 to 150 miles of coastline and portions of the interior and had reached Eastern Libya's major population center, <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>. In spring 2016, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">AFRICOM</a> estimated that ISIL had about 5,000 fighters in its stronghold of Sirte.<a href="#cite_note-Did_Obama_Defeat_ISIS_in_Libya-195">[187]</a> However, the indigenous rebel groups who had staked their claims to Libya and turned their weapons on ISIL—with the help of airstrikes by Western forces, including U.S. drones, the Libyan population resented the outsiders who wanted to establish a fundamentalist regime on their soil. Militias loyal to the new <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libyan unity government</a>, plus a separate and rival force loyal to a former officer in the <a href="/wiki/Gaddafi_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaddafi regime">Gaddafi regime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">launched an assault on ISIL outposts in Sirte</a> and the surrounding areas that lasted for months. According to U.S. military estimates, ISIL ranks shrank to somewhere between a few hundred and 2,000 fighters. In August 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Military_intervention_against_ISIL#Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention against ISIL">U.S. military began airstrikes</a> that, along with continued pressure on the ground from the Libyan militias, pushed the remaining ISIL fighters back into Sirte. In all, U.S. drones and planes hit ISIL nearly 590 times, the Libyan militias reclaimed the city in mid-December.<a href="#cite_note-Did_Obama_Defeat_ISIS_in_Libya-195">[187]</a> On 18 January 2017, ABC News reported that two USAF <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit">B-2 bombers</a> struck two ISIL camps 28 miles (45 km) south of Sirte, the airstrikes targeted between 80 and 100 ISIL fighters in multiple camps, an unmanned aircraft also participated in the airstrikes. NBC News reported that as many as 90 ISIL fighters were killed in the strike, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. defense</a> official said that "This was the largest remaining <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Libya">ISIL presence in Libya</a>," and that "They have been largely marginalized, but I am hesitant to say they have been eliminated in Libya."<a href="#cite_note-Did_Obama_Defeat_ISIS_in_Libya-195">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_military_intervention_in_Cameroon">American military intervention in Cameroon</h3></div> In October 2015, the U.S. began deploying 300 soldiers<a href="#cite_note-196">[188]</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, with the invitation of the Cameroonian government, to support African forces in a non-combat role in their fight against ISIL insurgency in that country. The troops' primary missions will revolve around providing intelligence support to local forces as well as conducting reconnaissance flights.<a href="#cite_note-197">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operation_Active_Endeavour">Operation Active Endeavour</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Active_Endeavour" title="Operation Active Endeavour">Operation Active Endeavour</a></div> Operation Active Endeavour was a <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">naval operation</a> of NATO started in October 2001 in response to 11 September attacks. It operated in the Mediterranean and was designed to prevent the movement of militants or <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a> and to enhance the security of shipping in general.<a href="#cite_note-198">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fighting_in_Kashmir">Fighting in Kashmir</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashmir_region_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kashmir_region_2004.jpg/200px-Kashmir_region_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kashmir_region_2004.jpg/300px-Kashmir_region_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kashmir_region_2004.jpg/400px-Kashmir_region_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="1567" /></a><figcaption>Political map: the Kashmir region districts</figcaption></figure> In a 'Letter to American People' written by <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> in 2002, he stated that one of the reasons he was fighting America is because of its support of India on the Kashmir issue.<a href="#cite_note-199">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-CFRKashmir-200">[192]</a> Indian sources claimed that in 2006, al-Qaeda claimed they had established a wing in Kashmir; this worried the Indian government.<a href="#cite_note-201">[193]</a> India also argued that al-Qaeda has strong ties with the Kashmir militant groups <a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a> in Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-202">[194]</a> While on a visit to Pakistan in January 2010, U.S. Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> stated that al-Qaeda was seeking to destabilize the region and planning to provoke a nuclear war between India and Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-203">[195]</a> In September 2009, a U.S. <a href="/wiki/Drone_attacks_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone attacks in Pakistan">drone strike</a> reportedly killed <a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Kashmiri_(militant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilyas Kashmiri (militant)">Ilyas Kashmiri</a>, who was the chief of <a href="/wiki/Harkat-ul-Jihad_al-Islami" title="Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami">Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami</a>, a Kashmiri militant group associated with al-Qaeda.<a href="#cite_note-204">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[197]</a> Kashmiri was described by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Riedel" title="Bruce Riedel">Bruce Riedel</a> as a 'prominent' al-Qaeda member,<a href="#cite_note-206">[198]</a> while others described him as the head of military operations for al-Qaeda.<a href="#cite_note-207">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Waziristan" title="Waziristan">Waziristan</a> had now become the new battlefield for Kashmiri militants, who were now fighting <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> in support of al-Qaeda.<a href="#cite_note-208">[200]</a> On 8 July 2012, Al-Badar Mujahideen, a breakaway faction of Kashmir centric terror group Hizbul Mujahideen, on the conclusion of their two-day Shuhada Conference called for a mobilization of resources for continuation of jihad in Kashmir.<a href="#cite_note-209">[201]</a> In June 2021, an air force station in Jammu (in India-administered Kashmir) was attacked by drone. Investigators were uncertain whether a state or non-state actor initiated the attack.<a href="#cite_note-210">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-terror_campaigns_by_other_powers">Anti-terror campaigns by other powers</h3></div> For decades, Israel, a key ally of the United States in the region of the Middle East, has engaged in its own war on terror against <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>, and other Iranian-backed insurgent groups. Although Israel did not directly participate in the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>, it reportedly urged the U.S. not to delay an attack on <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[204]</a> Before the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, Israeli intelligence reportedly provided information to Washington.<a href="#cite_note-213">[205]</a> Israel launched a 34-day military conflict against Hezbollah in <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon, northern Israel and the Golan Heights during mid-2006</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[206]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">the October 7 attack</a>, Israel declared the still ongoing <a href="/wiki/Israel-Hamas_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Hamas War">Israel-Hamas War</a>, leading to a <a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">ground invasion on October 27</a> with the stated goals of destroying Hamas and freeing hostages.<a href="#cite_note-215">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[211]</a> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> has also engaged on its own War on Terror,<a href="#cite_note-220">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[213]</a> as terrorism by both <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_movements_in_Colombia" title="Guerrilla movements in Colombia">guerrillas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_paramilitarism_in_Colombia" title="Right-wing paramilitarism in Colombia">paramilitaries</a> remains a major concern in the country since <a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict#2000–2006" title="Colombian conflict">the escalation of armed violence in the 2000s</a> in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Uribe" title="Álvaro Uribe">Álvaro Uribe</a>'s Presidency, in particular, was marked by a significant focus on counter-terrorism and counterinsurgency. The counterterrorism measures of <a href="/wiki/Plan_Colombia" title="Plan Colombia">Plan Colombia</a> acquired further expansion during the presidency of <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and an important focus on national security after the events of <a href="/wiki/9/11" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11">9/11</a>, as the threat of global terrorism received greater attention.<a href="#cite_note-state-223">[215]</a> In the 2010s, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a> has also been engaged in its own war on terror, predominantly a domestic campaign in response to violent actions by <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uyghur</a> separatist movements in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[216]</a> This campaign was widely criticized in international media due to the perception that it unfairly targets and persecutes <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Muslims">Chinese Muslims</a>,<a href="#cite_note-225">[217]</a> potentially resulting in a negative backlash from China's predominantly <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uighur</a> population. <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>'s government has imprisoned up to two million <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Muslim</a> ethnic minorities in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a>, where they are reportedly subject to abuse and torture.<a href="#cite_note-226">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[219]</a> Russia has also been engaged on its own, also largely internally focused, counter-terrorism campaign often termed a war on terror, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War">Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-228">[220]</a> Like China's war on terror, Russia has also been focused on <a href="/wiki/Separatist" class="mw-redirect" title="Separatist">separatist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> movements that use <a href="/wiki/Political_violence" title="Political violence">political violence</a> to achieve their ends.<a href="#cite_note-229">[221]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a>'s Russia's disinformation and actions, as well as its inaction towards groups like Hamas, Hezbollah and the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>, have raised doubts about its commitment to the war on terror.<a href="#cite_note-230">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_military_support">International military support</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Multi-National Force – Iraq</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Coalition_combat_operations_in_Afghanistan_in_2008" title="Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2008">Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2008</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghan_War_order_of_battle_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan War order of battle 2012">Afghan War order of battle 2012</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BritishPatrolHelmand01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BritishPatrolHelmand01.jpg/220px-BritishPatrolHelmand01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BritishPatrolHelmand01.jpg/330px-BritishPatrolHelmand01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BritishPatrolHelmand01.jpg/440px-BritishPatrolHelmand01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>The United Kingdom was the second-largest contributor of troops in <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan</a>.</figcaption></figure> The invasion of Afghanistan is seen to have been the first action of this war, and initially involved forces from the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Afghan <a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a>. Since the initial invasion period, these forces were augmented by troops and aircraft from Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand and Norway among others. In 2006, there were about 33,000 troops in Afghanistan. On 12 September 2001, less than 24 hours after 11 September attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., NATO invoked Article 5 of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a> and declared the attacks to be an attack against all 19 NATO member countries. Australian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a> also stated that Australia would invoke the <a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a> Treaty along similar lines.<a href="#cite_note-231">[223]</a> In the following months, NATO took a broad range of measures to respond to the threat of terrorism. On 22 November 2002, the member states of the <a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a> (EAPC) decided on a Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism, which explicitly states, "[The] EAPC States are committed to the protection and promotion of fundamental freedoms and human rights, as well as the rule of law, in combating terrorism."<a href="#cite_note-232">[224]</a> NATO started naval operations in the Mediterranean Sea designed to prevent the movement of terrorists or weapons of mass destruction as well as to enhance the security of shipping in general called Operation Active Endeavour. Support for the U.S. cooled when America made clear its determination to invade Iraq in late 2002. Still, many of the "coalition of the willing" countries that unconditionally supported the U.S.-led military action have sent troops to Afghanistan, particular neighboring Pakistan, which has disowned its earlier support for the Taliban and contributed tens of thousands of soldiers to the conflict. Pakistan was also engaged in the <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> (a.k.a. Waziristan War or North-West Pakistan War). Supported by U.S. intelligence, Pakistan attempted to remove the Taliban insurgency and al-Qaeda element from the northern tribal areas.<a href="#cite_note-233">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post–9/11_events_inside_the_United_States">Post–9/11 events inside the United States</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/NSA_warrantless_surveillance_(2001%E2%80%932007)" title="NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)">NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Global_surveillance_disclosures_(1970%E2%80%932013)#2000s" title="Global surveillance disclosures (1970–2013)">Global surveillance disclosures (1970–2013) § 2000s</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Global_surveillance_disclosures_(2013%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)">Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Liberty.jpg/170px-Liberty.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Liberty.jpg/255px-Liberty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Liberty.jpg/340px-Liberty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="2211" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> helicopter patrols the airspace over New York City.</figcaption></figure> In addition to military efforts abroad, in the aftermath of 9/11, the Bush Administration increased domestic efforts to prevent future attacks. Various government bureaucracies that handled security and military functions were reorganized. A new cabinet-level agency called the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a> was created in November 2002 to lead and coordinate the largest reorganization of the U.S. federal government since the consolidation of the armed forces into the Department of Defense.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Justice Department launched the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Entry-Exit_Registration_System" title="National Security Entry-Exit Registration System">National Security Entry-Exit Registration System</a> for certain male non-citizens in the U.S., requiring them to register in person at offices of the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">Immigration and Naturalization Service</a>. The USA PATRIOT Act of October 2001 dramatically reduces restrictions on law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records; eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the United States; expands the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a>'s authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities; and broadens the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism, thus enlarging the number of activities to which the USA PATRIOT Act's expanded law enforcement powers could be applied. A new <a href="/wiki/Terrorist_Finance_Tracking_Program" title="Terrorist Finance Tracking Program">Terrorist Finance Tracking Program</a> monitored the movements of terrorists' financial resources (discontinued after being revealed by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>). Global telecommunication usage, including those with no links to terrorism,<a href="#cite_note-234">[226]</a> is being collected and monitored through the <a href="/wiki/NSA_electronic_surveillance_program" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA electronic surveillance program">NSA electronic surveillance program</a>. The Patriot Act is still in effect. Political interest groups have stated that these laws remove important restrictions on governmental authority, and are a dangerous encroachment on civil liberties, possible <a href="/wiki/Constitutionality" title="Constitutionality">unconstitutional</a> violations of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourth Amendment</a>. On 30 July 2003, the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> (ACLU) filed the first legal challenge against Section 215 of the Patriot Act, claiming that it allows the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> to violate a citizen's <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> rights, Fourth Amendment rights, and right to <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a>, by granting the government the right to search a person's business, bookstore, and library records in a terrorist investigation, without disclosing to the individual that records were being searched.<a href="#cite_note-235">[227]</a> Also, governing bodies in many communities have passed symbolic resolutions against the act. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Walker_Lindh_Custody.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/John_Walker_Lindh_Custody.jpg/170px-John_Walker_Lindh_Custody.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/John_Walker_Lindh_Custody.jpg/255px-John_Walker_Lindh_Custody.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/John_Walker_Lindh_Custody.jpg/340px-John_Walker_Lindh_Custody.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Walker_Lindh" title="John Walker Lindh">John Walker Lindh</a> was captured as an enemy combatant during the United States' <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">2001 invasion of Afghanistan</a>.</figcaption></figure> In a speech on 9 June 2005, Bush said that the USA PATRIOT Act had been used to bring charges against more than 400 suspects, more than half of whom had been convicted. Meanwhile, the ACLU quoted Justice Department figures showing that 7,000 people have complained of abuse of the Act.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (<a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a>) began an initiative in early 2002 with the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Total_Information_Awareness" title="Total Information Awareness">Total Information Awareness</a> program, designed to promote information technologies that could be used in counter-terrorism. This program, facing criticism, has since been defunded by Congress.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] By 2003, 12 major conventions and protocols were designed to combat terrorism. These were adopted and ratified by many states. These conventions require states to co-operate on principal issues regarding unlawful seizure of aircraft, the physical protection of nuclear materials, and the freezing of assets of militant networks.<a href="#cite_note-236">[228]</a> In 2005, the UN Security Council adopted <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1624" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1624">Resolution 1624</a> concerning incitement to commit acts of terrorism and the obligations of countries to comply with international human rights laws.<a href="#cite_note-237">[229]</a> Although both resolutions require mandatory annual reports on counter-terrorism activities by adopting nations, the United States and Israel have both declined to submit reports. In the same year, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> issued a planning document, by the name "National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism", which stated that it constituted the "comprehensive military plan to prosecute the Global War on Terror for the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the United States">Armed Forces of the United States</a>...including the findings and recommendations of the <a href="/wiki/9/11_Commission" title="9/11 Commission">9/11 Commission</a> and a rigorous examination with the Department of Defense". On 9 January 2007, the House of Representatives passed a bill, by a vote of 299–128, enacting many of the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission The bill passed in the U.S. Senate,<a href="#cite_note-238">[230]</a> by a vote of 60–38, on 13 March 2007 and it was signed into law on 3 August 2007 by President Bush. It became Public Law 110–53. In July 2012, U.S. Senate passed a resolution urging that the <a href="/wiki/Haqqani_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Haqqani Network">Haqqani Network</a> be designated a <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department_list_of_Foreign_Terrorist_Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations">foreign terrorist organization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[231]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Influence" title="Office of Strategic Influence">Office of Strategic Influence</a> was secretly created after 9/11 for the purpose of coordinating propaganda efforts but was closed soon after being discovered. The Bush administration implemented the <a href="/wiki/Continuity_of_Operations_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuity of Operations Plan">Continuity of Operations Plan</a> (or Continuity of Government) to ensure that U.S. government would be able to continue in catastrophic circumstances. Since 9/11, extremists made various attempts to attack the United States, with varying levels of organization and skill. For example, vigilant passengers aboard a transatlantic flight prevented <a href="/wiki/Richard_Reid_(shoe_bomber)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Reid (shoe bomber)">Richard Reid</a>, in 2001, and <a href="/wiki/Umar_Farouk_Abdulmutallab" title="Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab">Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab</a>, in 2009, from detonating an explosive device. Other terrorist plots have been stopped by federal agencies using new legal powers and investigative tools, sometimes in cooperation with foreign governments.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Such thwarted attacks include: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/2001_shoe_bomb_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 shoe bomb plot">2001 shoe bomb plot</a></li> <li>A plan to crash airplanes into the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Bank_Tower_(Los_Angeles)" title="U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles)">U.S. Bank Tower</a> (aka Library Tower) in Los Angeles</li> <li>The 2003 plot by <a href="/wiki/Iyman_Faris" title="Iyman Faris">Iyman Faris</a> to blow up the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a> in New York City</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/2004_Financial_buildings_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Financial buildings plot">2004 Financial buildings plot</a>, which targeted the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> buildings in Washington, D.C., the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> and other financial institutions</li> <li>The 2004 <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Shopping_Mall_Bombing_Plot" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbus Shopping Mall Bombing Plot">Columbus Shopping Mall Bombing Plot</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/2006_Sears_Tower_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Sears Tower plot">2006 Sears Tower plot</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/2007_Fort_Dix_attack_plot" title="2007 Fort Dix attack plot">2007 Fort Dix attack plot</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/2007_John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport_attack_plot" title="2007 John F. Kennedy International Airport attack plot">2007 John F. Kennedy International Airport attack plot</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Najibullah_Zazi" title="Najibullah Zazi">New York Subway Bombing Plot</a> and <a href="/wiki/2010_Times_Square_car_bombing_attempt" title="2010 Times Square car bombing attempt">2010 Times Square car bombing attempt</a></li></ul> The Obama administration promised the closing of the <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a>, increased the number of troops in <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan</a>, and promised the withdrawal of its forces from <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Iraq">Iraq</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transnational_actions">Transnational actions</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Extraordinary_rendition"">"Extraordinary rendition"</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIA_illegal_flights.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/CIA_illegal_flights.svg/370px-CIA_illegal_flights.svg.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/CIA_illegal_flights.svg/555px-CIA_illegal_flights.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/CIA_illegal_flights.svg/740px-CIA_illegal_flights.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Alleged "extraordinary rendition" illegal flights of the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>, as reported by <a href="/wiki/Rzeczpospolita_(newspaper)" title="Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)">Rzeczpospolita</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[232]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIA_Secret_Prisons.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CIA_Secret_Prisons.svg/370px-CIA_Secret_Prisons.svg.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CIA_Secret_Prisons.svg/555px-CIA_Secret_Prisons.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CIA_Secret_Prisons.svg/740px-CIA_Secret_Prisons.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1001" /></a><figcaption>CIA's Extraordinary Rendition and Detention Program – countries involved in the Program, according to the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">Open Society Foundations</a>' report on <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[234]</a></figcaption></figure> After 11 September attacks, the United States government commenced a program of illegal "<a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">extraordinary rendition</a>", sometimes referred to as "irregular rendition" or "forced rendition", the government-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">abduction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrajudicial">extrajudicial</a> transfer of a person from one country to transferee countries, with the consent of transferee countries.<a href="#cite_note-54_countries-243">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[237]</a> The aim of extraordinary rendition is often conducting <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> on the detainee that would be difficult to conduct in the U.S. legal environment, a practice known as <a href="/wiki/Torture_by_proxy" title="Torture by proxy">torture by proxy</a>. Starting in 2002, U.S. government rendered hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Illegal_combatant" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal combatant">illegal combatants</a> for U.S. detention, and transported detainees to U.S. controlled sites as part of an extensive interrogation program that included <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced interrogation">torture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[238]</a> Extraordinary rendition continued under the <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> administration, with targets being interrogated and subsequently taken to the US for trial.<a href="#cite_note-247">[239]</a> The United Nations considers one nation abducting the citizens of another a <a href="/wiki/Crime_against_humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime against humanity">crime against humanity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MyUser_The_Washington_Post_July_26_2015c-248">[240]</a> In July 2014 the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> condemned the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Poland">government of Poland</a> for participating in CIA extraordinary rendition, ordering Poland to pay restitution to men who had been abducted, taken to a CIA <a href="/wiki/Black_site" title="Black site">black site</a> in Poland, and tortured.<a href="#cite_note-European_Court_of_Human_Rights-249">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-MyUser_Reuters.com_February_24_2015c-251">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rendition_to_"Black_Sites"">Rendition to "Black Sites"</h3></div> In 2005, The Washington Post and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> (HRW) published revelations concerning kidnapping of detainees by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Central_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Central Intelligence Agency">U.S. Central Intelligence Agency</a> and their transport to "<a href="/wiki/Black_site" title="Black site">black sites</a>", covert prisons operated by the CIA whose existence is denied by the US government. The <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> published a report connecting use of such secret detention Black Sites for detainees kidnapped as part of extraordinary rendition (See the <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition#European_Parliament's_investigation_and_report" title="Extraordinary rendition">European Parliament's investigation and report</a>). Although some Black Sites have been known to exist inside European Union states, these detention centers violate the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a> (ECHR) and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Torture" title="United Nations Convention Against Torture">UN Convention Against Torture</a>, treaties that all EU member states are bound to follow.<a href="#cite_note-252">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[246]</a> The U.S. had ratified the United Nations Convention Against Torture in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-255">[247]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> two such facilities, in countries mentioned by Human Rights Watch, have been closed following the recent publicity with the CIA relocating the detainees. Almost all of these detainees were tortured as part of the "<a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">enhanced interrogation techniques</a>" of the CIA.<a href="#cite_note-AbcNews051205-256">[248]</a> Despite the closure of these sites, their legacies in certain countries continue to live on and haunt domestic politics.<a href="#cite_note-257">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criticism_of_U.S._media's_withholding_of_coverage">Criticism of U.S. media's withholding of coverage</h4></div> Major American newspapers, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, have been criticized for deliberately withholding publication of articles reporting locations of Black Sites. The Post defended its decision to suppress this news on the ground that such revelations "could open the <a href="/wiki/U.S._government" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. government">U.S. government</a> to legal challenges, particularly in foreign courts, and increase the risk of political condemnation at home and abroad." However, according to <a href="/wiki/Fairness_and_Accuracy_in_Reporting" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting">Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting</a> "the possibility that illegal, unpopular government actions might be disrupted is not a consequence to be feared, however—it's the whole point of the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">U.S. First Amendment</a>. ... Without the basic fact of where these prisons are, it's difficult if not impossible for 'legal challenges' or 'political condemnation' to force them to close." FAIR argued that the damage done to the global reputation of the United States by the continued existence of black-site prisons was more dangerous than any threat caused by the exposure of their locations.<a href="#cite_note-FAIR_2005-258">[250]</a> <blockquote>The complex at Stare Kiejkuty, a Soviet-era compound once used by German intelligence in World War II, is best known as having been the only Russian intelligence training school to operate outside the Soviet Union. Its prominence in the Soviet era suggests that it may have been the facility first identified—but never named—when the Washington Post's Dana Priest revealed the existence of the CIA's secret prison network in November 2005.<a href="#cite_note-259">[251]</a></blockquote> The journalists who exposed this provided their sources and this information and documents were provided to The Washington Post in 2005. In addition, they also identified such Black Sites are concealed: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Former European and US intelligence officials indicate that the secret prisons across the European Union, first identified by the Washington Post, are likely not permanent locations, making them difficult to identify and locate. What some believe was a network of secret prisons was most probably a series of facilities used temporarily by the United States when needed, officials say. Interim "black sites"—secret facilities used for covert activities—can be as small as a room in a government building, which only becomes a black site when a prisoner is brought in for short-term detainment and interrogation.</blockquote> The journalists went on to explain that "Such a site, sources say, would have to be near an airport." The airport in question is the <a href="/wiki/Szczytno-Szymany_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Szczytno-Szymany International Airport">Szczytno-Szymany International Airport</a>. In response to these allegations, former Polish intelligence chief, <a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Siemiatkowski" class="mw-redirect" title="Zbigniew Siemiatkowski">Zbigniew Siemiatkowski</a>, embarked on a media blitz and claimed that the allegations were "... part of the domestic political battle in the US over who is to succeed current Republican President George W Bush," according to the German news agency Deutsche Presse Agentur.<a href="#cite_note-260">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prison_ships">Prison ships</h4></div> The United States has also been accused of operating "<a href="/wiki/Prison_ship" title="Prison ship">floating prisons</a>" to house and transport those arrested in its <a href="#U.S._objectives">War on Terror</a>, according to human rights lawyers. They have claimed that the US has tried to conceal the numbers and whereabouts of detainees. Although no credible information to support these assertions has ever come to light, the alleged justification for prison ships is primarily to remove the ability for jihadists to target a fixed location to facilitate the escape of high value targets, commanders, operations chiefs etc.<a href="#cite_note-261">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg/220px-Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg/330px-Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg/440px-Camp_x-ray_detainees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Detainees upon arrival at <a href="/wiki/Camp_X-Ray_(Guantanamo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp X-Ray (Guantanamo)">Camp X-Ray</a>, January 2002</figcaption></figure> The U.S. government set up the <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a> in 2002, a United States <a href="/wiki/Military_prison" title="Military prison">military prison</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay Naval Base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Independent060429-262">[254]</a> President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush</a> declared that the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Convention">Geneva Convention</a>, which protects <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a>, would not apply to Taliban and al-Qaeda detainees captured in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-263">[255]</a> Since inmates were <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_detention_without_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Indefinite detention without trial">detained indefinitely without trial</a> and several detainees have allegedly been <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">tortured</a>, this camp is considered to be a major breach of human rights by <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>.<a href="#cite_note-withouttrial-264">[256]</a> The detention camp was set up by the U.S. government on Guantanamo Bay since the military base is not legally domestic US territory and thus was a "legal black hole."<a href="#cite_note-265">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[258]</a> Most prisoners of Guantanamo were eventually freed without ever being charged with any crime, and were transferred to other countries.<a href="#cite_note-267">[259]</a> As of July 2021, 40 men remain in the prison and almost three-quarters of them have never been criminally charged. They're known as "forever prisoners" and are being detained indefinitely.<a href="#cite_note-268">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_terrorist_attacks_and_plots_since_9/11">Major terrorist attacks and plots since 9/11</h2></div> Following the launch of "war on terror" by the United States, several Islamist militant groups as well as militant individuals have launched attacks against the assets of US-led coalition, including in Western countries where active warfare is not taking place. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacks_by_Al-Qaeda">Attacks by Al-Qaeda</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_al-Qaeda_attacks" title="Timeline of al-Qaeda attacks">Timeline of al-Qaeda attacks</a></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/2002_Bali_bombings" title="2002 Bali bombings">2002 Bali bombings</a> in Indonesia were committed by various members of <a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a>, an organization linked to Al-Qaeda.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> claimed responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/11_April_2007_Algiers_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="11 April 2007 Algiers bombings">11 April 2007 Algiers bombings</a>, which targeted the office of Algerian Prime Minister and a police station.</li> <li>Morocco blamed Al-Qaeda for the <a href="/wiki/2011_Marrakech_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Marrakech bombing">2011 Marrakech bombing</a> which targeted French nationals. However, al-Qaeda denies involvement in the attack.</li> <li>To date, no one has claimed responsibility for the 2012 <a href="/wiki/U.S._Consulate_attack_in_Benghazi" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Consulate attack in Benghazi">U.S. Consulate attack in Benghazi</a> in Libya, and <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a>, pro-al-Qaeda militias and individuals "sympathetic to al-Qaeda" are considered to be the orchestrators of the attack. The attacks were launched 18 hours after al-Qaeda Emir <a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> released a video urging Muslims to attack on American targets in Libya to avenge the killing of al-Qaeda leader <a href="/wiki/Abu_Yahya_al-Libi" title="Abu Yahya al-Libi">Abu Yahya al-Libi</a>. The release of the video as well as the launching of the attacks coincided with the 11th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/9/11_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11 attacks">9/11 attacks</a>.</li> <li>The gunmen in the <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting" title="Charlie Hebdo shooting">Charlie Hebdo shooting</a> in Paris identified themselves as belonging to al-Qaeda's <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a> claimed responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola_shooting" title="Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting">Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting</a> in the United States.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_State">Islamic State</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to ISIL">List of terrorist incidents linked to ISIL</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars and battles involving ISIL">List of wars and battles involving ISIL</a></div> <ul><li>2013 <a href="/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">Reyhanlı bombings</a> in Turkey that led to 52 deaths and the injury of 140 people.</li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_shootings_at_Parliament_Hill,_Ottawa" title="2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa">Canadian parliament shootings</a>, an ISIL-inspired attack on Canada's Parliament, resulting in the death of a Canadian soldier and that of the perpetrator.</li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Porte_de_Vincennes_siege" class="mw-redirect" title="Porte de Vincennes siege">Porte de Vincennes siege</a> perpetrated by <a href="/wiki/Amedy_Coulibaly" title="Amedy Coulibaly">Amedy Coulibaly</a> in Paris, which led to four deaths and the injury of nine others.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Corinthia_Hotel_attack" title="2015 Corinthia Hotel attack">2015 Corinthia Hotel attack</a> on 27 January in Libya that resulted in 10 deaths.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings" title="March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings">2015 Sana'a mosque bombings</a> on 20 March that led to the death of 142 and injury of 351 people.<a href="#cite_note-269">[261]</a></li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Culwell_Center_attack" title="Curtis Culwell Center attack">Curtis Culwell Center attack</a> on 3 May 2015 that resulted in the injury of one <a href="/wiki/Security_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Security officer">security officer</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a> on the 13th that left at least 137 dead and injured at least 352 civilians caused France to be put under a state of emergency, close its borders and deploy three French contingency plans.<a href="#cite_note-270">[262]</a> Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attacks,<a href="#cite_note-271">[263]</a> with French President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> later stated the attacks were carried out "by the Islamic state with internal help".<a href="#cite_note-272">[264]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack" title="2015 San Bernardino attack">2015 San Bernardino attack</a> on 2 December 2015, two gunmen attacked a county building in San Bernardino, California killing 16 people and injuring 24 others.<a href="#cite_note-273">[265]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Brussels_bombings" title="2016 Brussels bombings">2016 Brussels bombings</a> on 22 March 2016 two bombing attacks, first at <a href="/wiki/Brussels_Airport" title="Brussels Airport">Brussels Airport</a> and the second at the <a href="/wiki/Maalbeek/Maelbeek_metro_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Maalbeek/Maelbeek metro station">Maalbeek/Maelbeek metro station</a>, killed 35 people and injured more than 300.<a href="#cite_note-274">[266]</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/Orlando_nightclub_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando nightclub shooting">Orlando nightclub shooting</a> on 12 June 2016 a gunman opened fire at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida killing 50 people and wounding 53 others. It was the second worst mass shooting in U.S. history.<a href="#cite_note-275">[267]</a></li> <li>2024 <a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">ISIS–K</a> gunmen launched an <a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">attack on a concert hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a>, Russia, killing 145 people and wounding 551 others. It was the deadliest terrorist attack on Russian soil since the <a href="/wiki/Beslan_school_siege" title="Beslan school siege">Beslan school siege</a> in 2004.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacks_by_other_Islamist_militant_groups_and_individuals">Attacks by other Islamist militant groups and individuals</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/2003_Casablanca_bombings" title="2003 Casablanca bombings">2003 Casablanca bombings</a> were carried out by <a href="/wiki/Salafia_Jihadia" title="Salafia Jihadia">Salafia Jihadia</a> militant group.</li> <li>After the <a href="/wiki/2003_Istanbul_bombings" title="2003 Istanbul bombings">2003 Istanbul bombings</a> which attacked British and Jewish targets, Turkey charged 74 people with involvement, including Syrian al-Qaeda member <a href="/wiki/Loai_al-Saqa" title="Loai al-Saqa">Loai al-Saqa</a>. Islamist group <a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Islamic_Raiders%27_Front" title="Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front">Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front</a> claimed responsibility for the attacks</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="2004 Madrid train bombings">2004 Madrid train bombings</a> in Spain were carried out by Moroccan-born <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Zougam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamal Zougam">Jamal Zougam</a> and five other individuals in opposition to Spanish participation in the <a href="/wiki/2003_American_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 American invasion of Iraq">2003 US-led invasion of Iraq</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">7 July 2005 London bombings</a> in the United Kingdom, which targeting <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_London" title="Transport in London">London's public transport system</a>, were perpetrated by four Islamist militants.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/2009_Fort_Hood_shooting" title="2009 Fort Hood shooting">2009 Fort Hood shooting</a> in the United States was committed by <a href="/wiki/Nidal_Hasan" title="Nidal Hasan">Nidal Hasan</a>, who had been in communication with <a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a>. The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> classified the shooting as an incidence of <a href="/wiki/Workplace_violence" title="Workplace violence">workplace violence</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/2007_Glasgow_International_Airport_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Glasgow International Airport attack">2007 Glasgow International Airport attack</a> in the United Kingdom was carried out by <a href="/wiki/Bilal_Abdullah" title="Bilal Abdullah">Bilal Abdullah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kafeel_Ahmed" title="Kafeel Ahmed">Kafeel Ahmed</a>.</li> <li>The 2012 <a href="/wiki/Toulouse_and_Montauban_shootings" title="Toulouse and Montauban shootings">Toulouse and Montauban shootings</a> which targeted French soldiers and a Jewish school, were committed by <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Merah" title="Mohammed Merah">Mohammed Merah</a>. Although Merah claimed ties to al-Qaeda, French authorities have denied any connection.</li> <li>The 2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">7th October Attack</a> which targeted Israeli soldiers and civilians, were committed by <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Joint_Operations_Room" title="Palestinian Joint Operations Room">allies</a>. With a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2023" title="List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2023">barrage</a> of at least 3,000 rockets launched against Israel and vehicle-transported and <a href="/wiki/Powered_paragliding" title="Powered paragliding">powered paraglider</a> and infantry incursions into Israel, it was the deadliest terrorist attack in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">Israel's history</a> and the third-deadliest terrorist attack in the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-276">[268]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alleged_plots_and_unsuccessful_attacks">Alleged plots and unsuccessful attacks</h3></div> There have also been reports of alleged plots and other planned attacks that were not successful. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge#2001_terrorism_threat" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">2001 threat against West Coast suspension bridges</a> (United States), though this was not corroborated</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_financial_buildings_plot" title="2004 financial buildings plot">2004 financial buildings plot</a> (The United States and the United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_July_2005_London_bombings" title="21 July 2005 London bombings">21 July 2005 London bombings</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Toronto_terrorism_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Toronto terrorism plot">2006 Toronto terrorism plot</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_transatlantic_aircraft_plot" title="2006 transatlantic aircraft plot">2006 transatlantic aircraft plot</a> involving liquid explosives carried onto commercial airplanes</li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_bomb_plot" title="Hudson River bomb plot">Hudson River bomb plot</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Fort_Dix_attack_plot" title="2007 Fort Dix attack plot">2007 Fort Dix attack plot</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_London_car_bombs" title="2007 London car bombs">2007 London car bombs</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport_attack_plot" title="2007 John F. Kennedy International Airport attack plot">2007 John F. Kennedy International Airport attack plot</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Bronx_terrorism_plot" title="2009 Bronx terrorism plot">2009 Bronx terrorism plot</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_New_York_City_Subway_and_United_Kingdom_plot" title="2009 New York City Subway and United Kingdom plot">2009 New York City Subway and United Kingdom plot</a> (The United States and the United Kingdom)</li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Airlines_Flight_253" title="Northwest Airlines Flight 253">Northwest Airlines Flight 253</a> bombing plot (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Stockholm_bombings" title="2010 Stockholm bombings">2010 Stockholm bombings</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Times_Square_car_bombing_attempt" title="2010 Times Square car bombing attempt">2010 Times Square car bombing attempt</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_cargo_plane_bomb_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 cargo plane bomb plot">2010 cargo plane bomb plot</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Portland_car_bomb_plot" title="2010 Portland car bomb plot">2010 Portland car bomb plot</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Manhattan_terrorism_plot" title="2011 Manhattan terrorism plot">2011 Manhattan terrorism plot</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Via_Rail_Canada_terrorism_plot" title="2013 Via Rail Canada terrorism plot">2013 Via Rail Canada terrorism plot</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Australian_counter-terrorism_raids" title="2014 Australian counter-terrorism raids">2014 mass-beheading plot</a> (Australia)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2></div> There is no widely agreed on figure for the number of people that have been killed so far in the war on terror as the Bush Administration has defined it to include the war in Afghanistan, the war in Iraq, and operations elsewhere. According to <a href="/wiki/Joshua_S._Goldstein" title="Joshua S. Goldstein">Joshua Goldstein</a>, an <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a> professor at the <a href="/wiki/American_University" title="American University">American University</a>, The global war on terror has seen fewer war deaths than any other decade in the past century.<a href="#cite_note-277">[269]</a> A 2015 report by the <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a> and the Physicians for Social Responsibility and Physicians for Global Survival estimated between 1.3 million to 2 million casualties from the war on terror.<a href="#cite_note-278">[270]</a> A report from September 2021 by Brown University's <a href="/wiki/Watson_Institute_for_International_and_Public_Affairs" title="Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs">Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs</a> "Costs of War" project puts the total number of casualties of the war on terror in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan at between 518,000 and 549,000. This number increases to between 897,000 and 929,000 when the wars in Syria, Yemen, and other countries are included. The report estimated that many more may have died from indirect effects of war such as water loss and disease.<a href="#cite_note-279">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-watson.brown.edu-280">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-costs2021-30">[22]</a> They also estimated that over 38 million people have been displaced by the post-9/11 wars participated in by the United States in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, Pakistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, Somalia, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>; 26.7 million people have returned home following displacement.<a href="#cite_note-costs_displaced-281">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-31">[23]</a> The conflict has caused the largest number of <a href="/wiki/Forced_displacements" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced displacements">forced displacements</a> by any single war since 1900, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-costs_displaced-281">[273]</a> In a 2023 report, the "Costs of War" project estimated that, as the result of the destruction of infrastructure, economies, public services and the environment, there have been between 3.6 and 3.7 million indirect deaths in the post-9/11 war zones, with the total death toll being 4.5 to 4.6 million and rising.<a href="#cite_note-282">[274]</a> The report defined post-9/11 war zones as conflicts that included significant United States counter-terrorism operations since 9/11, which in addition to the wars in <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Pakistan</a>, also includes the civil wars in <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)">Yemen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somalia</a>. The report derived its estimate of indirect deaths using a calculation from the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Declaration_on_Armed_Violence_and_Development" title="Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development">Geneva Declaration of Secretariat</a> which estimates that for every person directly killed by war, four more die from the indirect consequences of war. The report's author Stephanie Savell stated that in an ideal scenario, the preferable way of quantifying the total death toll would have been by studying excess mortality, or by using on-the-ground researchers in the affected countries.<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[2]</a> An estimated 7,052 US military combatants, over 8,100 US military contractors and more than 14,800 US-allied coalition troops are estimated to have been killed in the wars as of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-283">[275]</a> The total number of insurgent deaths since the commencement of the war on terror in 2001 is generally estimated as being well into the hundreds of thousands, with hundreds of thousands of others captured or arrested. Some estimates for regional conflicts include the following: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq">Iraq</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Casualties of the Iraq War">Casualties of the Iraq War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/CollateralMurder.ogv/220px--CollateralMurder.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="176" data-durationhint="810" data-mwtitle="CollateralMurder.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:CollateralMurder.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/CollateralMurder.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="480" data-height="384" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/CollateralMurder.ogv/CollateralMurder.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="180" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/CollateralMurder.ogv/CollateralMurder.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="300" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/CollateralMurder.ogv/CollateralMurder.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="450" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/CollateralMurder.ogv/CollateralMurder.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="450" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACollateralMurder.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>Footage of leaked <a href="/wiki/12_July_2007_Baghdad_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="12 July 2007 Baghdad airstrike">Apache gunship strike</a> in Baghdad, July 2007</figcaption></figure> In Iraq, some 26,544 insurgents were killed by the American-led coalition and the Iraqi Security Forces from 2003 to 2011.<a href="#cite_note-284">[276]</a> 119,752 suspected insurgents were arrested in Iraq from 2003 to 2007 alone, at which point 18,832 suspected insurgents had been reported killed;<a href="#cite_note-285">[277]</a> applying this same arrested-to-captured ratio to the total number of insurgents killed would equate to approximately 26,500 insurgents killed and 168,000 arrested from 2003 to 2011. At least 4,000 foreign fighters (<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)#Foreign_participants" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">generally estimated at 10–20% of the insurgency</a> at that point) had been killed by September 2006, according to an official statement from <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">al-Qaeda in Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[278]</a> Insurgent casualties in the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">2011–2013 phase</a> of the Iraqi conflict numbered 916 killed, with 3,504 more arrested. From 2014 to the end of 2017, the United States government stated that over 80,000 Islamic State insurgents had been killed by American and allied airstrikes from 2014 to the end of 2017, in both Iraq and Syria. The majority of these strikes occurred within Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-287">[279]</a> ISIL deaths caused by the Iraqi Security Forces in this time are uncertain, but were probably significant. Over 26,000 ISF members were killed fighting ISIL from 2013 to the end of 2017,<a href="#cite_note-288">[280]</a> with ISIL losses likely being of a similar scale. Total casualties in Iraq range from 62,570 to 1,124,000: <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Body_Count_project" title="Iraq Body Count project">Iraq Body Count project</a> documented 185,044 to 207,979 dead from 2003 to 2020 with 288,000 violent deaths including combatants in total.</li> <li>110,600 deaths in total according to the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> from March 2003 to April 2009.<a href="#cite_note-289">[281]</a></li> <li>151,000 deaths in total according to the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_Family_Health_Survey" title="Iraq Family Health Survey">Iraq Family Health Survey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[282]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORB_survey_of_Iraq_War_casualties" title="ORB survey of Iraq War casualties">Opinion Research Business (ORB) poll</a> conducted 12–19 August 2007 estimated 1,033,000 violent deaths due to the Iraq War. The range given was 946,000 to 1,120,000 deaths. A nationally representative sample of approximately 2,000 Iraqi adults answered whether any members of their household (living under their roof) were killed due to the Iraq War. 22% of the respondents had lost one or more household members. ORB reported that "48% died from a gunshot wound, 20% from the impact of a car bomb, 9% from aerial bombardment, 6% as a result of an accident and 6% from another blast/ordnance."<a href="#cite_note-ORB-291">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-ORB2-292">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-ORB3-293">[285]</a></li> <li>Between 392,979 and 942,636 estimated Iraqi (655,000 with a confidence interval of 95%), civilian and combatant, according to the second <a href="/wiki/Lancet_surveys_of_mortality_before_and_after_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancet surveys of mortality before and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Lancet survey of mortality</a>.</li> <li>A minimum of 62,570 civilian deaths reported in the mass media up to 28 April 2007 according to <a href="/wiki/Iraq_Body_Count_project" title="Iraq Body Count project">Iraq Body Count project</a>.<a href="#cite_note-294">[286]</a></li> <li>4,431 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> dead (941 non-hostile deaths), and 31,994 wounded in action during Operation Iraqi Freedom. 74 U.S. Military Dead (36 non-hostile deaths), and 298 wounded in action during Operation New Dawn as of 4 May 2020<a href="#cite_note-295">[287]</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan_2">Afghanistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Coalition_casualties_in_Afghanistan" title="Coalition casualties in Afghanistan">Coalition casualties in Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civilian_casualties_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></div> Insurgent and terrorist deaths in Afghanistan are hard to estimate. <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Taliban" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Taliban">Afghan Taliban</a> losses are most likely of a similar scale to Afghan National Army and Police losses; that is around 62,000 from 2001 to the end of 2018.<a href="#cite_note-296">[288]</a> In addition, al-Qaeda's main branch and ISIL's Afghanistan branch are each thought to have lost several thousand killed there since 2001.<a href="#cite_note-297">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[290]</a> Total casualties in Afghanistan range from 10,960 and 249,000:<a href="#cite_note-Casualties-299">[291]</a> <dl><dd><ul><li>16,725–19,013 civilians killed according to <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee#Cost_of_War_project" title="American Friends Service Committee">Cost of War project</a> from 2001 to 2013<a href="#cite_note-300">[292]</a></li> <li>According to Marc W. Herold's extensive database,<a href="#cite_note-301">[293]</a> between 3,100 and 3,600 civilians were directly killed by U.S. <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a> bombing and Special Forces attacks between 7 October 2001 and 3 June 2003. This estimate counts only "impact deaths"—deaths that occurred in the immediate aftermath of an explosion or shooting—and does not count deaths that occurred later as a result of injuries sustained, or deaths that occurred as an indirect consequence of the U.S. airstrikes and invasion.</li> <li>In an opinion article published in August 2002 in the magazine <a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Muravchik" title="Joshua Muravchik">Joshua Muravchik</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">American Enterprise Institute</a>,<a href="#cite_note-302">[294]</a> questioned Professor Herold's study entirely by one single incident that involved 25–93 deaths. He did not provide any estimate his own.<a href="#cite_note-303">[295]</a></li> <li>In a pair of January 2002 studies, Carl Conetta of the Project on Defense Alternatives estimates that "at least" 4,200–4,500 civilians were killed by mid-January 2002 as a result of the war and Coalition airstrikes, both directly as casualties of the aerial bombing campaign, and indirectly in the resulting humanitarian crisis.</li> <li>His first study, "Operation Enduring Freedom: Why a Higher Rate of Civilian Bombing Casualties?",<a href="#cite_note-304">[296]</a> released 18 January 2002, estimates that, at the low end, "at least" 1,000–1,300 civilians were directly killed in the aerial bombing campaign in just the three months between 7 October 2001 to 1 January 2002. The author found it impossible to provide an upper-end estimate to direct civilian casualties from the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a> bombing campaign that he noted as having an increased use of <a href="/wiki/Cluster_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster bombs">cluster bombs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-305">[297]</a> In this lower-end estimate, only Western press sources were used for hard numbers, while heavy "reduction factors" were applied to Afghan government reports so that their estimates were reduced by as much as 75%.<a href="#cite_note-306">[298]</a></li> <li>In his companion study, "Strange Victory: A critical appraisal of Operation Enduring Freedom and the Afghanistan war",<a href="#cite_note-307">[299]</a> released 30 January 2002, Conetta estimates that "at least" 3,200 more Afghans died by mid-January 2002, of "starvation, exposure, associated illnesses, or injury sustained while in flight from war zones", as a result of the war and Coalition airstrikes.</li> <li>In similar numbers, a <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> review of U.S., British, and Pakistani newspapers and international wire services found that between 1,067 and 1,201 direct civilian deaths were reported by those news organizations during the five months from 7 October 2001 to 28 February 2002. This review excluded all civilian deaths in Afghanistan that did not get reported by U.S., British, or Pakistani news, excluded 497 deaths that did get reported in U.S., British, and Pakistani news but that were not specifically identified as civilian or military, and excluded 754 civilian deaths that were reported by the Taliban but not independently confirmed.<a href="#cite_note-308">[300]</a></li> <li>According to <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Steele_(journalist)" title="Jonathan Steele (journalist)">Jonathan Steele</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> between 20,000 and 49,600 people may have died of the consequences of the invasion by the spring of 2002.<a href="#cite_note-309">[301]</a></li> <li>2,046 U.S. military dead (339 non-hostile deaths), and 18,201 wounded in action.<a href="#cite_note-Casualty_Data_USDOD-310">[302]</a></li> <li>A report titled Body Count put together by <a href="/wiki/Physicians_for_Social_Responsibility" title="Physicians for Social Responsibility">Physicians for Social Responsibility</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physicians_for_Global_Survival" title="Physicians for Global Survival">Physicians for Global Survival</a>, and <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a> (IPPNW) concluded that between 185,000 and 249,000 people had been killed as a result of the fighting in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-Casualties-299">[291]</a></li></ul></dd></dl> Deaths in Iraq and Afghanistan This table shows a comparison of total casualties between the two main theaters of the war on terror—Iraq (since <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003</a>) and Afghanistan (since <a href="/wiki/U.S._invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. invasion of Afghanistan">2001</a>)—up until August 2021, as conducted by <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-311">[303]</a> <table class="wikitable" id="conflicts10000"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Iraq </th> <th>Afghanistan </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">U.S. military deaths </td> <td>4,598 </td> <td>2,325 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">U.S. contractor deaths </td> <td>3,650 </td> <td>3,917 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">National military and police deaths </td> <td>45,519–48,719 </td> <td>69,095 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Allied troop deaths </td> <td>323 </td> <td>1,144 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Civilian deaths </td> <td>185,831–208,964 </td> <td>46,319 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Opposition fighters deaths </td> <td>34,806–39,881 </td> <td>52,893 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Journalist and media worker deaths </td> <td>282 </td> <td>74 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Humanitarian and NGO worker deaths </td> <td>63 </td> <td>446 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Total deaths (Rounded to nearest 1,000) </td> <td>275,000–306,000 </td> <td>176,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan_2">Pakistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Terrorism in Pakistan</a></div> 1,467 and 2,334 people were killed in U.S. drone attacks as of 6 May 2011. Tens of thousands have been killed by terrorist attacks and millions have been displaced. The <a href="/wiki/War_in_Northwest_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Northwest Pakistan">War in Northwest Pakistan</a> resulted in the deaths of 28,900+ militants from 2004 to 2018, with an unknown number captured, per the Pakistani government.<a href="#cite_note-312">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[305]</a> The majority of these were killed in engagements with the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a>. However, thousands were also killed in American <a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">drone strikes</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Somalia">Somalia</h3></div> There have been 7,000+ casualties in Somalia. The December 2006 to January 2009 <a href="/wiki/Somalia_War_(2006%E2%80%932009)" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalia War (2006–2009)">Ethiopian-led intervention</a> in Somalia resulted in the deaths of 6,000 to 8,000 Islamist insurgents, according to the Ethiopian government.<a href="#cite_note-314">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[307]</a> The Kenyan Defence Forces claimed another 700+ insurgents killed in their own intervention of October 2011 to May 2012.<a href="#cite_note-316">[308]</a> American drone strikes, air strikes, and special forces ground raids in Somalia killed between 1,220 and 1,366 militants up to July 2019, according to the New American Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-317">[309]</a> <dl><dd><ul><li>In December 2007, The Elman Peace and Human Rights Organization said it had verified 6,500 civilian deaths, 8,516 people wounded, and 1.5 million displaced from homes in Mogadishu alone during the year 2007.<a href="#cite_note-318">[310]</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yemen_2">Yemen</h3></div> American forces (mostly via drone strikes) killed between 846 and 1,609 terrorists in Yemen (mostly <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">AQAP</a> members) up to June 2019, according to a variety of media organizations including the Bureau of Investigative Journalism and the New America Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-319">[311]</a> An <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">Emirati</a> spokesman for the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi-led coalition intervening in Yemen</a> claimed that they had killed 1,000 al-Qaeda linked militants and captured 1,500 up to August 2018.<a href="#cite_note-320">[312]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines_and_North_Caucasus">Philippines and North Caucasus</h3></div> Over 1,600 Islamic State fighters (<a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a> having sworn allegiance to ISIL in 2014) were killed by government forces in the Philippines from 2014 to 2017 alone.<a href="#cite_note-321">[313]</a> From April 2009 to March 2019, Russian military and police (primarily in the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a>) killed 2,329 and captured 2,744 insurgents of the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Caucasus Emirate</a> and related groups.<a href="#cite_note-322">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <dl><dd><ul><li>1 June 2009, Pvt. William Andrew Long was shot and killed by <a href="/wiki/2009_Little_Rock_recruiting_office_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Little Rock recruiting office shooting">Abdulhakim Muhammad</a>, while outside a recruiting facility in Little Rock, Arkansas.<a href="#cite_note-323">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-324">[316]</a></li> <li>On 5 November 2009, <a href="/wiki/Nidal_Hasan" title="Nidal Hasan">Nidal Hasan</a> shot and killed 13 people and wounded more than 30 others at <a href="/wiki/2009_Fort_Hood_shooting" title="2009 Fort Hood shooting">Fort Hood, Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cbn.com-325">[317]</a></li></ul></dd></dl> (this includes fighting throughout the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">world</a>):<a href="#cite_note-326">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[322]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccc;"> <th>Military and civilian</th> <th>Casualties </th></tr> <tr> <td>U.S. military killed</td> <td>7,008<a href="#cite_note-Casualty_Data_USDOD-310">[302]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>U.S. military <a href="/wiki/Wounded_in_action" title="Wounded in action">wounded</a></td> <td>50,422<a href="#cite_note-Casualty_Data_USDOD-310">[302]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>U.S. DoD civilians killed</td> <td>16<a href="#cite_note-Casualty_Data_USDOD-310">[302]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>U.S. civilians killed (includes <a href="/wiki/9/11" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11">9/11</a> and after)</td> <td>3,000 + </td></tr> <tr> <td>U.S. civilians wounded/injured</td> <td>6,000 + </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total Americans killed (military and civilian)</td> <td>10,008 + </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total Americans wounded/injured</td> <td>56,422 + </td></tr></tbody></table> During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a>, 95 troops were killed and 227 wounded in action as of 6 May 2020<a href="#cite_note-331">[323]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">United States Department of Veterans Affairs</a> has diagnosed more than 200,000 American veterans with <a href="/wiki/PTSD" class="mw-redirect" title="PTSD">PTSD</a> since 2001.<a href="#cite_note-332">[324]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Total_civilian_estimates">Total civilian estimates</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_children_wounded_by_a_US_bomb_in_Nangrahar_province_of_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Three_children_wounded_by_a_US_bomb_in_Nangrahar_province_of_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-Three_children_wounded_by_a_US_bomb_in_Nangrahar_province_of_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Three_children_wounded_by_a_US_bomb_in_Nangrahar_province_of_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-Three_children_wounded_by_a_US_bomb_in_Nangrahar_province_of_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Three_children_wounded_by_a_US_bomb_in_Nangrahar_province_of_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-Three_children_wounded_by_a_US_bomb_in_Nangrahar_province_of_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="856" /></a><figcaption>Children wounded by American airstrikes in Afghanistan's <a href="/wiki/Surkh-R%C5%8Dd_District" title="Surkh-Rōd District">Surkh-Rōd District</a> in 2001</figcaption></figure> Between 363,939 and 387,072 civilians were killed in post–9/11 wars in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and other war zones, according to a 2021 report by the <a href="/wiki/Costs_of_War_Project" title="Costs of War Project">Costs of War Project</a> at Brown University's <a href="/wiki/Watson_Institute_for_International_and_Public_Affairs" title="Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs">Watson Institute</a>. Many more may have died due to related effects, including water loss and disease.<a href="#cite_note-watson.brown.edu-280">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Costs">Costs</h2></div> The war on terror, spanning decades, is a multitrillion-dollar war that cost much more than originally estimated. According to the <a href="/wiki/Costs_of_War_Project" title="Costs of War Project">Costs of War Project</a> at Brown University's Watson Institute, the war on terror will have cost $8 trillion for operations between 2001 and 2022 plus $2.2 trillion in future costs of veterans' care over the next 30 years.<a href="#cite_note-333">[325]</a> Out of this number, $2.313 trillion is for Afghanistan, $2.058 trillion for Iraq and Syria, and $355 billion was spent on other warzones. The remainder was for DHS ($1.1 trillion). According to the Soufan Group in July 2015, the U.S. government was spending $9.4 million per day in operations against ISIL in Syria and Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-334">[326]</a> A March 2011 Congressional report<a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Trotta-335">[327]</a> estimated war spending through the fiscal year 2011 at $1.2 trillion, and future spending through 2021 (assuming a reduction to 45,000 troops) at $1.8 trillion. A June 2011 academic report<a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Trotta-335">[327]</a> covering additional areas of war spending estimated it through 2011 at $2.7 trillion, and long-term spending at $5.4 trillion including interest.<a href="#cite_note-336">[note 5]</a> In direct spending, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> reports spending $1.547 trillion from 2001 to February 2020 in war costs in Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-337">[328]</a> Adversary groups have taken an interest in <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_bioterrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural bioterrorism">agricultural bioterrorism</a> and this is a continuing concern as of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=War_on_terror&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-addressing-338">[329]</a> The US government takes steps to prepare for threats from agricultural pathogens.<a href="#cite_note-addressing-338">[329]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Plant_Disease_Diagnostic_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="National Plant Disease Diagnostic Network">National Plant Disease Diagnostic Network</a> (NPDN) coordinates efforts to combat agrowarfare against the US.<a href="#cite_note-addressing-338">[329]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Expense</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">CRS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">CBO</a> (billions US$):<a href="#cite_note-339">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[332]</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Watson_Institute_for_International_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Watson Institute for International Studies">Watson</a> (billions <a href="/wiki/Constant_dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="Constant dollars">constant</a> US$):<a href="#cite_note-342">[333]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">FY2001–FY2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td>War appropriations to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">DoD</a></td> <td>1208.1</td> <td>1311.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>War appropriations to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">DoS</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">USAID</a></td> <td>66.7</td> <td>74.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">VA</a> Medical</td> <td>8.4</td> <td>13.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>VA disability</td> <td></td> <td>18.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Interest paid on DoD war appropriations</td> <td></td> <td>185.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Additions to DoD base spending</td> <td></td> <td>362.2–652.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Additions to Homeland Security base spending</td> <td></td> <td>401.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Social costs to veterans and military families to date</td> <td></td> <td>295–400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subtotal:</td> <td>1,283.2</td> <td>2,662.1–3,057.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">FY2012–future </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY2012 DoD request</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">118.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>FY2012 DoS/USAID request</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">12.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Projected 2013–2015 war spending</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">168.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Projected 2016–2020 war spending</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">155 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Projected obligations for veterans' care to 2051</td> <td></td> <td>589–934 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Additional interest payments to 2020</td> <td></td> <td>1,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subtotal:</td> <td>454.1</td> <td>2043.1–2388.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total:</td> <td>1737.3</td> <td>4705.2–5445.4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">Criticism of the war on terror</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#War_on_Terror" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes § War on Terror</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Can%27t_Wait_J4_Demo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/World_Can%27t_Wait_J4_Demo.jpg/220px-World_Can%27t_Wait_J4_Demo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/World_Can%27t_Wait_J4_Demo.jpg/330px-World_Can%27t_Wait_J4_Demo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/World_Can%27t_Wait_J4_Demo.jpg/440px-World_Can%27t_Wait_J4_Demo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Participants in a rally, dressed as hooded detainees</figcaption></figure> Criticism of the war on terror addresses the issues, morality, efficiency, economics, and other questions surrounding the war on terror and made against the phrase itself, calling it a <a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">misnomer</a>. The notion of a "war" against "terrorism" has proven highly contentious, with critics charging that it has been exploited by participating governments to pursue long-standing policy/military objectives, including structural Islamophobia,<a href="#cite_note-Monbiot2003-343">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[335]</a> reduce <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Wired-FBI-345">[336]</a> and infringe upon human rights. It is argued that the term war is not appropriate in this context (as in the "<a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">war on drugs</a>") since there is no identifiable enemy and that it is unlikely international terrorism can be brought to an end by military means.<a href="#cite_note-Richissin-47">[39]</a> Other critics, such as <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Francis Fukuyama</a>, state that "<a href="/wiki/Definition_of_terrorism" title="Definition of terrorism">terrorism</a>" is not an enemy but a tactic, and calling it a "war on terror" obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation <a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurgents</a> and international <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">mujahideen</a>. With a military presence in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and its associated collateral damage, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Shirley Williams</a> posits that this increases resentment and terrorist threats against the West.<a href="#cite_note-346">[337]</a> There is also perceived U.S. hypocrisy,<a href="#cite_note-odom_terrorismtactic-347">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[339]</a> media-induced hysteria,<a href="#cite_note-349">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[341]</a> and that differences in foreign and security policy have <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_United_States_foreign_policy" title="Criticism of United States foreign policy">damaged America's reputation internationally</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PEW-2007-351">[342]</a> The campaign has also been rebuked for being a perpetual war with no end-goal and for normalising permanent violence as the status-quo.<a href="#cite_note-352">[343]</a> In addition, Professor Richard Jackson notes how countries like Russia, India, Israel and China adopted the language of the war on terror to describe their own fight against domestic insurgents and dissidents. He argues that "Linking rebels and dissidents at home to the global 'war on terrorism' gives these governments both the freedom to crack down on them without fear of international condemnation, and in some cases, direct military assistance from America".<a href="#cite_note-353">[344]</a> Professor of Law <a href="/wiki/Antony_Anghie" title="Antony Anghie">Antony Anghie</a> has asserted that "war on terror" is essentially an <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialist</a> project that constitutes a breach of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">International law</a> and the United Nations Charter.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-164">[156]</a> There has also been systematic cover-ups of <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> by military officers participating in campaign operations across the world. A public enquiry in UK published in July 2023 reported that 3 British <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">SAS</a> units were involved in the <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary executions</a> of at least 80 civilians during 2010–2013, accompanied by a decades-long coverup at the highest echelons of <a href="/wiki/British_special_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="British special forces">British special forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-354">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[347]</a> US occupations in Afghanistan and Iraq became heavily unpopular among the American public by the late 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-Ackerman-33">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Doherty,_Kiley-34">[26]</a> Numerous <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">US military</a> veterans have handed back their service medals—including the <a href="/wiki/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal" title="Global War on Terrorism Service Medal">Global War on Terrorism Service Medal</a>—in fierce protest rallies denouncing the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, with many condemning the military campaigns as "illegal occupation" of other countries.<a href="#cite_note-357">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[349]</a> <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">Criticism of the war on terror</a> has focused on its morality, efficiency, and cost. The notion of a "war on terror" remain contentious, with critics charging that it has been used to reduce <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a> and infringe upon human rights,<a href="#cite_note-wired.com-35">[27]</a> such as controversial actions by the U.S. including surveillance, torture, and <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">extraordinary rendition</a>, and drone strikes that resulted in the deaths of alleged terrorists but also civilians.<a href="#cite_note-Ball-38">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-39">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Drone_Warfare-40">[32]</a> Many of the U.S.' actions were supported by other countries, including the 54 countries that were involved with <a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a>,<a href="#cite_note-359">[350]</a> or those that assisted with drone strikes.<a href="#cite_note-360">[351]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forced_Displacement">Forced Displacement</h3></div> According to a 2021 study by the <a href="/wiki/Watson_Institute_for_International_and_Public_Affairs" title="Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs">Costs of War Project</a>, the several post-9/11 wars participated in by the United States in its war against terror have caused the displacement, conservatively calculated, of 38 million people in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Somalia, Philippines and Pakistan; 11.3 million remain displaced. This makes it the war that has caused the largest number of <a href="/wiki/Forced_displacements" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced displacements">forced displacements</a> since 1900, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-costs_displaced-281">[273]</a> Another report by the <a href="/wiki/Costs_of_War_Project" title="Costs of War Project">Costs of War Project</a> in 2023 estimates that the wars in these countries have caused a total number of 4.5–4.6 million deaths, including 3.6 million indirect deaths and 906,000–937,000 direct killings. Rather than basing this estimate on detailed data of the concerned countries, the Cost of War report simply multiplied the tallied violent death toll of 906,000–937,000 by four, "by applying the Geneva Declaration Secretariat’s average ratio of four indirect for every one direct death."<a href="#cite_note-361">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[353]</a> Of the approximately 925,000 violent deaths estimated by the Cost of War project, 542,000 were combatants and 387,000 were civilians.<a href="#cite_note-363">[354]</a> The war costs have risen over $8 trillion for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">US Treasury</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[e]</a> Critics accuse participating governments of using the "war on terror" to repress minorities or sideline domestic opponents,<a href="#cite_note-auto3-41">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-911legacies.com-42">[34]</a> of fomenting <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a> globally,<a href="#cite_note-366">[356]</a> and have criticized negative impacts to health and the environment resulting from it.<a href="#cite_note-merip.org-44">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Administration-45">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ameem_Lutfi-46">[38]</a> Critics assert that the term "war" is not appropriate in this context (much like the term "<a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">war on drugs</a>") since terror is not an identifiable enemy and it is unlikely that international terrorism can be brought to an end by military means.<a href="#cite_note-Richissin-47">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/25px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/37px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/50px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="275" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Modern_history" title="Portal:Modern history">Modern history portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 14em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_U.S._consulate_in_Karachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Attacks on U.S. consulate in Karachi">Attacks on U.S. consulate in Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_fear" title="Culture of fear">Culture of fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_homeland_security_in_the_United_States" title="History of homeland security in the United States">History of homeland security in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">Iran and state-sponsored terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Islamic terrorism in Europe">Islamic terrorism in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_in_the_war_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="List of military operations in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">List of military operations in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_terrorism" title="Nuclear terrorism">Nuclear terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Pakistan–United States relations">Pakistan–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protecting_the_Nation_from_Foreign_Terrorist_Entry_into_the_United_States_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States (disambiguation)">Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_%27round_the_flag_effect" title="Rally 'round the flag effect">Rally 'round the flag effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specially_Designated_Global_Terrorist" title="Specially Designated Global Terrorist">Specially Designated Global Terrorist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_killing" title="Targeted killing">Targeted killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_military_operations" title="Timeline of United States military operations">Timeline of United States military operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_state_terrorism" title="United States and state terrorism">United States and state terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror_and_the_media" title="War on terror and the media">War on terror and the media</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> The war on terror was also officially declared over in May 2010 and again in May 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Origins date back to the 1980s. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Costs_of_War_Project" title="Costs of War Project">Costs of War Project</a> report defined post-9/11 war zones as conflicts that included significant United States counter-terrorism operations since 9/11, which in addition to the wars in <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Pakistan</a>, also includes the civil wars in <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)">Yemen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somalia</a>. The report derived their estimate of indirect deaths using a calculation from the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Declaration_on_Armed_Violence_and_Development" title="Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development">Geneva Declaration of Secretariat</a> which estimates that for every person directly killed by war, four more die from the indirect consequences of war. The report's author Stephanie Savell stated that in an ideal scenario, the preferable way of quantifying the total death toll would have been by studying excess mortality, or by using on-the-ground researchers in the affected countries.<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> The definition of "indirect" is paraphrased by the Washington Post as "caused by the deterioration of economic, environmental, psychological and health conditions." Savell says it includes "mounting poverty, food insecurity, environmental contamination, the ongoing trauma of violence, and the destruction of health and public infrastructure, along with private property and means of livelihood."<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> Among costs not covered by these figures are off-<a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">DoD</a> spending beyond 2012, economic opportunity costs, state and local expenses not reimbursed by the federal government, nor reimbursements made to foreign coalition allies for their expenses. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDaniel" class="citation web cs1">Daniel, DePetris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2023/05/09/daniel-depetris-the-us-war-on-terror-continues-we-just-dont-talk-about-it/">"The US war on terror continues. We just don't talk about it"</a>. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 9 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=The+US+war+on+terror+continues.+We+just+don%E2%80%99t+talk+about+it&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=DePetris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2023%2F05%2F09%2Fdaniel-depetris-the-us-war-on-terror-continues-we-just-dont-talk-about-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn2023" class="citation web cs1">John, Haltiwanger (10 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gzeromedia.com/Graphic-Truth/graphic-truth-the-us-s-global-war-on-terror-never-ended">"Graphic Truth: The US's "Global War on Terror" never ended"</a>. Costs of War. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/05/15/war-on-terror-911-deaths-afghanistan-iraq/">the original</a> on 29 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Post-9%2F11+wars+have+contributed+to+some+4.5+million+deaths%2C+report+suggests&rft.date=2023-05-15&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2F05%2F15%2Fwar-on-terror-911-deaths-afghanistan-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavell2023" class="citation web cs1">Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609194652/https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2023/Indirect%20Deaths.pdf">"How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 10 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Costs+of+War&rft.atitle=Human+Cost+of+Post-9%2F11+Wars%3A+Direct+War+Deaths+in+Major+War+Zones%2C+Afghanistan+%26+Pakistan+%28Oct.+2001+%E2%80%93+Aug.+2021%29%3B+Iraq+%28March+2003+%E2%80%93+Aug.+2021%29%3B+Syria+%28Sept.+2014+%E2%80%93+May+2021%29%3B+Yemen+%28Oct.+2002%E2%80%93Aug.+2021%29+and+Other+Post-9%2F11+War+Zones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwatson.brown.edu%2Fcostsofwar%2Ffigures%2F2021%2FWarDeathToll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2023" class="citation news cs1">Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529144019/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/05/15/war-on-terror-911-deaths-afghanistan-iraq/">"Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests"</a>. The Washington Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/05/15/war-on-terror-911-deaths-afghanistan-iraq/">the original</a> on 29 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Post-9%2F11+wars+have+contributed+to+some+4.5+million+deaths%2C+report+suggests&rft.date=2023-05-15&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2F05%2F15%2Fwar-on-terror-911-deaths-afghanistan-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavell2023" class="citation web cs1">Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609194652/https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2023/Indirect%20Deaths.pdf">"How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health"</a> (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2023/Indirect%20Deaths.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Costs+of+War&rft.atitle=How+Death+Outlives+War%3A+The+Reverberating+Impact+of+the+Post-9%2F11+Wars+on+Human+Health&rft.date=2023-05-15&rft.aulast=Savell&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwatson.brown.edu%2Fcostsofwar%2Ffiles%2Fcow%2Fimce%2Fpapers%2F2023%2FIndirect%2520Deaths.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2021/WarDeathToll">"Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – Aug. 2021); Syria (Sept. 2014 – May 2021); Yemen (Oct. 2002–Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Costs+of+War&rft.atitle=Human+Cost+of+Post-9%2F11+Wars%3A+Direct+War+Deaths+in+Major+War+Zones%2C+Afghanistan+%26+Pakistan+%28Oct.+2001+%E2%80%93+Aug.+2021%29%3B+Iraq+%28March+2003+%E2%80%93+Aug.+2021%29%3B+Syria+%28Sept.+2014+%E2%80%93+May+2021%29%3B+Yemen+%28Oct.+2002%E2%80%93Aug.+2021%29+and+Other+Post-9%2F11+War+Zones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwatson.brown.edu%2Fcostsofwar%2Ffigures%2F2021%2FWarDeathToll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2023" class="citation news cs1">Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529144019/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/05/15/war-on-terror-911-deaths-afghanistan-iraq/">"Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests"</a>. The Washington Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/05/15/war-on-terror-911-deaths-afghanistan-iraq/">the original</a> on 29 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Post-9%2F11+wars+have+contributed+to+some+4.5+million+deaths%2C+report+suggests&rft.date=2023-05-15&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2F05%2F15%2Fwar-on-terror-911-deaths-afghanistan-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavell2023" class="citation web cs1">Savell, Stephanie (15 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609194652/https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2023/Indirect%20Deaths.pdf">"How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health"</a> (PDF). Costs of War. Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2023/Indirect%20Deaths.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Costs+of+War&rft.atitle=How+Death+Outlives+War%3A+The+Reverberating+Impact+of+the+Post-9%2F11+Wars+on+Human+Health&rft.date=2023-05-15&rft.aulast=Savell&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwatson.brown.edu%2Fcostsofwar%2Ffiles%2Fcow%2Fimce%2Fpapers%2F2023%2FIndirect%2520Deaths.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> Sources on the casualties: <ul><li><a href="#cite_note-costs2021-30">[22]</a></li> <li><a href="#cite_note-364">[355]</a></li> <li><a href="#cite_note-Summary-32">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[2]</a></li></ul> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Archives/video/sept-15-2001-president-declares-war-terror-10877347">"Video: Pres. 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Retrieved 19 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Countdown+bin+Laden%27%3A+Obama%27s+pursuit+of+the+9%2F11+mastermind&rft.pub=CBS&rft.date=2021-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fchris-wallace-countdown-bin-laden-the-pursuit-of-al-qaeda-leader-osama-bin-laden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/about-us-the-global-coalition-to-defeat-isis/">"The Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS"</a>. United States Department of State. Retrieved 18 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=The+Global+Coalition+to+Defeat+ISIS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fabout-us-the-global-coalition-to-defeat-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> The group was also responsible for the <a href="/wiki/1993_World_Trade_Center_bombing" title="1993 World Trade Center bombing">1993 World Trade Center bombing</a>.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegan_K._Stack2001" class="citation news cs1">Megan K. Stack (6 December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/la-120601tora-story.html">"Fighters Hunt Former Ally"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Fighters+Hunt+Former+Ally&rft.date=2001-12-06&rft.au=Megan+K.+Stack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fla-120601tora-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikelionis2018" class="citation news cs1">Mikelionis, Lukas (27 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/us-already-fighting-al-qaeda-before-9-11-military-judge-rules-in-landmark-decision">"US already fighting Al Qaeda before 9/11, military judge rules in landmark decision"</a>. Fox News. Retrieved 27 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+already+fighting+Al+Qaeda+before+9%2F11%2C+military+judge+rules+in+landmark+decision&rft.date=2018-04-27&rft.aulast=Mikelionis&rft.aufirst=Lukas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2Fus-already-fighting-al-qaeda-before-9-11-military-judge-rules-in-landmark-decision&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._Shah2008" class="citation book cs1">N. Shah (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=db3IAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA46">Self-defense in Islamic and International Law: Assessing Al-Qaeda and the Invasion of Iraq</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0230611658" title="Special:BookSources/978-0230611658"><bdi>978-0230611658</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Self-defense+in+Islamic+and+International+Law%3A+Assessing+Al-Qaeda+and+the+Invasion+of+Iraq&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0230611658&rft.au=N.+Shah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddb3IAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Hopper2006" class="citation book cs1">Paul Hopper (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cVB2gWNbIXAC&pg=PT72">Living with Globalization</a>. Berg. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1847886132" title="Special:BookSources/978-1847886132"><bdi>978-1847886132</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+with+Globalization&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1847886132&rft.au=Paul+Hopper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcVB2gWNbIXAC%26pg%3DPT72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFbin_Laden" class="citation web cs1">bin Laden, Usama. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602031209/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/harmony-program/declaration-of-jihad-against-the-americans-occupying-the-land-of-the-two-holiest-sites-original-language-2/">"Declaration of Jihad against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holiest Sites"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctc.usma.edu/harmony-program/declaration-of-jihad-against-the-americans-occupying-the-land-of-the-two-holiest-sites-original-language-2/">the original</a> on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2018 – via Combating Terrorism Center, United States Military Academy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Declaration+of+Jihad+against+the+Americans+Occupying+the+Land+of+the+Two+Holiest+Sites&rft.aulast=bin+Laden&rft.aufirst=Usama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fctc.usma.edu%2Fharmony-program%2Fdeclaration-of-jihad-against-the-americans-occupying-the-land-of-the-two-holiest-sites-original-language-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110906040131/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/terrorism/international/fatwa_1998.html">"Al Qaeda's Fatwa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS_Newshour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS Newshour">PBS Newshour</a>. 23 February 1998. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110310025036/http://articles.cnn.com/2002-08-19/us/terror.tape.main_1_bin-international-islamic-front-osama?_s=PM%3AUS">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2011. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/www/regions/africa/board_introduction.html">the original</a> on 30 May 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Report+of+the+Accountability+Review+Boards&rft.date=1998-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fwww%2Fregions%2Fafrica%2Fboard_introduction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/US/9808/20/clinton.02/index.html?eref=sitesearch">"U.S. strikes terrorist targets in Afghanistan, Sudan"</a>. CNN. 20 August 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+strikes+terrorist+targets+in+Afghanistan%2C+Sudan&rft.date=1998-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2FUS%2F9808%2F20%2Fclinton.02%2Findex.html%3Feref%3Dsitesearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/US/9808/20/clinton.01/index.html?eref=sitesearch">"U.S. retaliates for Africa bombings"</a>. CNN. 20 August 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+retaliates+for+Africa+bombings&rft.date=1998-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2FUS%2F9808%2F20%2Fclinton.01%2Findex.html%3Feref%3Dsitesearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-newstatesman.com-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newstatesman.com_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newstatesman.com_98-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm_Clark2000" class="citation web cs1">Malcolm Clark (20 March 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071227233133/http://www.newstatesman.com/200003200023">"Bad air and rank hypocrisy"</a>. New Statesman. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/200003200023">the original</a> on 27 December 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Bad+air+and+rank+hypocrisy&rft.date=2000-03-20&rft.au=Malcolm+Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2F200003200023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevel_Lee_MyersTim_Weiner1998" class="citation news cs1">Stevel Lee Myers & Tim Weiner (27 August 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://partners.nytimes.com/library/world/africa/082798attack-us.html">"Possible Benign Use Is Seen for Chemical at Factory in Sudan"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 2 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Possible+Benign+Use+Is+Seen+for+Chemical+at+Factory+in+Sudan&rft.date=1998-08-27&rft.au=Stevel+Lee+Myers&rft.au=Tim+Weiner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpartners.nytimes.com%2Flibrary%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F082798attack-us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927150633/http://www.cnn.com/2001/US/09/13/binladen.evidence/index.html?eref=sitesearch">"What proof of bin Laden's involvement"</a>. CNN. 13 September 2001. 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Retrieved 26 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+Launches+Attack+on+Suspected+Al+Qaeda+Members+in+Somalia&rft.date=2007-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2F0%2C2933%2C242460%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoussef2009" class="citation news cs1">Youssef, Maamoun (16 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/09/ap_somalia_alqaida_091609w/">"Somali al-Qaida group confirms death of leader"</a>. Associated Press. Retrieved 17 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Somali+al-Qaida+group+confirms+death+of+leader&rft.date=2009-09-16&rft.aulast=Youssef&rft.aufirst=Maamoun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armytimes.com%2Fnews%2F2009%2F09%2Fap_somalia_alqaida_091609w%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/focus/2009/09/200991691418738699.html">"Mother demands to see Nabhan's body"</a>. Al Jazerra. 16 September 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mother+demands+to+see+Nabhan%27s+body&rft.date=2009-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffocus%2F2009%2F09%2F200991691418738699.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrum2022" class="citation news cs1">Frum, David (29 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305182243/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/01/axis-of-evil-speech-frum-bush/621397/">"The Enduring Lessons of the 'Axis of Evil' Speech"</a>. The Atlantic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/01/axis-of-evil-speech-frum-bush/621397/">the original</a> on 5 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Enduring+Lessons+of+the+%27Axis+of+Evil%27+Speech&rft.date=2022-01-29&rft.aulast=Frum&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2022%2F01%2Faxis-of-evil-speech-frum-bush%2F621397%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011053416/http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/detail/4540">"State of the Union Address (January 29, 2002)"</a>. Miller Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/detail/4540">the original</a> on 11 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+of+the+Union+Address+%28January+29%2C+2002%29&rft.pub=Miller+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Fspeeches%2Fdetail%2F4540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ResolutionText-159"><a href="#cite_ref-ResolutionText_159-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-107publ243/pdf/PLAW-107publ243.pdf">Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021102072524/http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021002-2.html">"Joint Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq"</a> (Press release). The Office of the President of the United States. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021002-2.html">the original</a> on 2 November 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joint+Resolution+to+Authorize+the+Use+of+United+States+Armed+Forces+Against+Iraq&rft.pub=The+Office+of+the+President+of+the+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2002%2F10%2F20021002-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/iraq/attack/armtwist/2003/0317usbritspain.htm">"US, Britain and Spain Abandon Resolution"</a>. Associated Press. 17 March 2003. Retrieved 6 August 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US%2C+Britain+and+Spain+Abandon+Resolution&rft.date=2003-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpolicy.org%2Fsecurity%2Fissues%2Firaq%2Fattack%2Farmtwist%2F2003%2F0317usbritspain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_162-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/03/20030317-7.html">"President Says Saddam Hussein Must Leave Iraq Within 48 Hours"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Press_Secretary" title="White House Office of the Press Secretary">White House Office of the Press Secretary</a>. 17 March 2003. Retrieved 28 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Says+Saddam+Hussein+Must+Leave+Iraq+Within+48+Hours&rft.pub=White+House+Office+of+the+Press+Secretary&rft.date=2003-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2003%2F03%2F20030317-7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206080007/https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/24268.pdf">"Progress Report on the Global War on Terrorism"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. September 2003. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/homeland/progress/full.html">the original</a> on 6 February 2009. <q>Iraq is now the central front for the war on terror. While the United States and its partners have defeated Saddam Hussein's regime of terror, enemies of freedom—both members of the old regime and foreign terrorists who have come to Iraq—are making a desperate stance to reclaim this liberated nation for tyranny. They will be defeated. In the past, terrorists have cited Beirut and Somalia as examples of America fleeing from challenge when harmed. In this, the President has affirmed, they are mistaken. We are resolved to win the global war on terrorism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Progress+Report+on+the+Global+War+on+Terrorism&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=White+House&rft.date=2003-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fhomeland%2Fprogress%2Ffull.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_164-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnghie2005" class="citation journal cs1">Anghie, Antony (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj/vol43/iss1/3">"The War on Terror and Iraq in Historical Perspective"</a>. Osgoode Hall Law Journal. 43 (1/2): 45–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.60082%2F2817-5069.1344">10.60082/2817-5069.1344</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:141571655">141571655</a> – via Osgoode.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Osgoode+Hall+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=The+War+on+Terror+and+Iraq+in+Historical+Perspective&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=45-66&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.60082%2F2817-5069.1344&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A141571655%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Anghie&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca%2Fohlj%2Fvol43%2Fiss1%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516120925/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/03/09/un.iraq/index.html">"Iraq accuses U.S., Turkey of 'illegally' meeting with Kurds"</a>. CNN. 9 March 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/03/09/un.iraq/index.html">the original</a> on 16 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraq+accuses+U.S.%2C+Turkey+of+%27illegally%27+meeting+with+Kurds&rft.date=2000-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cnn.com%2F2000%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F03%2F09%2Fun.iraq%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkerMcCarthy2003" class="citation news cs1">Parker, Nick; McCarthy, Rory (23 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/mar/24/iraq.rorymccarthy">"Fierce battle around port"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 17 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Fierce+battle+around+port&rft.date=2003-03-23&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+Rory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2003%2Fmar%2F24%2Firaq.rorymccarthy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Ryan2003" class="citation book cs1">Mike Ryan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AhjOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA136">Baghdad or Bust</a>. Pen and Sword. pp. 136–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1844150205" title="Special:BookSources/978-1844150205"><bdi>978-1844150205</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baghdad+or+Bust&rft.pages=136-37&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1844150205&rft.au=Mike+Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAhjOAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeigh_Neville2012" class="citation book cs1">Leigh Neville (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cqi3yVGkDZ8C&pg=PA10">Special Operations Forces in Iraq</a>. Osprey Publishing. pp. 10–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1849088268" title="Special:BookSources/978-1849088268"><bdi>978-1849088268</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Special+Operations+Forces+in+Iraq&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1849088268&rft.au=Leigh+Neville&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCqi3yVGkDZ8C%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Beth_NortonCarol_SheriffDavid_M._KatzmanDavid_W._Blight2008" class="citation book cs1">Mary Beth Norton; Carol Sheriff; David M. Katzman; David W. Blight; Howard Chudacoff (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BMxIyj05MIQC&pg=PA895">A People and a Nation: A History of the United States, Brief Edition</a>. Cengage Learning. p. 895. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0547175584" title="Special:BookSources/978-0547175584"><bdi>978-0547175584</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+People+and+a+Nation%3A+A+History+of+the+United+States%2C+Brief+Edition&rft.pages=895&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0547175584&rft.au=Mary+Beth+Norton&rft.au=Carol+Sheriff&rft.au=David+M.+Katzman&rft.au=David+W.+Blight&rft.au=Howard+Chudacoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBMxIyj05MIQC%26pg%3DPA895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Ehrenberg2010" class="citation book cs1">John Ehrenberg (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AyQRB6Iov70C&pg=PT219">The Iraq Papers</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 219–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195398588" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195398588"><bdi>978-0195398588</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Iraq+Papers&rft.pages=219-25&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0195398588&rft.au=John+Ehrenberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAyQRB6Iov70C%26pg%3DPT219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/05/print/20030501-15.html">"President Bush Announces Major Combat Operations in Iraq Have Ended"</a> (Press release). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2021/WarDeathToll">the original</a> on 18 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Costs+of+War&rft.atitle=Figures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwatson.brown.edu%2Fcostsofwar%2Ffigures%2F2021%2FWarDeathToll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> 597 killed in 2003,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-09-26-insurgents_N.htm">[2]</a>, 23,984 killed from 2004 through 2009 (with the exceptions of May 2004 and March 2009),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/22/true-civilian-body-count-iraq">[3]</a> 652 killed in May 2004,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.iraqbodycount.org/analysis/numbers/warlogs/">[4]</a> 45 killed in March 2009,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/CJAL-7QPQB7?OpenDocument">[5]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090903190008/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/CJAL-7QPQB7?OpenDocument">Archived</a> 3 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 676 killed in 2010,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-12-30/iraq-civilian-deaths-drop-for-third-year-as-toll-eases-after-u-s-drawdown.html">[6]</a> and 590 killed in 2011,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Aia6y6NymliRdEZESktBSWVqNWM1dkZOSGNIVmtFZEE#gid=4">[7]</a> thus giving a total of 26,544 dead </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stripes.com/news/insurgent-body-count-records-released-1.69423">"Insurgent body count documents released."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727084052/https://www.stripes.com/news/insurgent-body-count-records-released-1.69423">Archived</a> 27 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Stars and Stripes. 1 October 2007. Number of convictions not specified. </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/28/iraq">"4,000 fighters killed, 'al-Qaida in Iraq' tape says."</a> The Guardian. 28 September 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/once-promised-paradise-isis-fighters-end-up-in-mass-graves">"Once promised paradise, ISIS fighters end up in mass graves".</a> The Straits Times. 15 October 2017. 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American Forces Press Service. United States Department of Defense. 18 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defense.gov/NEWS/casualty.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Forces+Press+Service&rft.atitle=Operation+Iraqi+Freedom+%28OIF%29+U.S.+Casualty+Status&rft.date=2013-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2FNEWS%2Fcasualty.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2021/WarDeathToll">"Human Costs of U.S. Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones | Figures | Costs of War"</a>. The Costs of War. 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Retrieved 24 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Database+%E2%80%93+FATA+from+2005+to+present&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsatp.org%2Fdatasheet-terrorist-attack%2Ffatalities%2Fpakistan-fata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article19495">"Ethiopian army accomplished 75% of mission in Somalia – Zenawi"</a>. SudanTribune article. 3 December 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070102124635/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article19495">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethiopian+army+accomplished+75%25+of+mission+in+Somalia+%E2%80%93+Zenawi&rft.pub=SudanTribune+article&rft.date=2006-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Fspip.php%3Farticle19495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatius2007" class="citation news cs1">Ignatius, David (13 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/11/AR2007051102114.html">"Ethiopia's Iraq"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014001910/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/11/AR2007051102114.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ethiopia%27s+Iraq&rft.date=2007-05-13&rft.aulast=Ignatius&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F05%2F11%2FAR2007051102114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130111204256/http://mobile.nation.co.ke/News/KDF+We+have+killed+700+militants+/-/1290/1301746/-/format/xhtml/-/dvc8mh/-/index.html">"KDF: We have killed 700 militants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Nation" title="Daily Nation">Daily Nation</a>. 7 January 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.nation.co.ke/News/KDF+We+have+killed+700+militants+/-/1290/1301746/-/format/xhtml/-/dvc8mh/-/index.html">the original</a> on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Nation&rft.atitle=KDF%3A+We+have+killed+700+militants&rft.date=2012-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.nation.co.ke%2FNews%2FKDF%2BWe%2Bhave%2Bkilled%2B700%2Bmilitants%2B%2F-%2F1290%2F1301746%2F-%2Fformat%2Fxhtml%2F-%2Fdvc8mh%2F-%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newamerica.org/in-depth/americas-counterterrorism-wars/somalia/">U.S. Air Strikes, Drone Strikes, and Ground Raids in Somalia.</a> New America Foundation. Retrieved 19 August 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/story.html?id=208509">"Mogadishu violence kills 6,500 in past year: rights group"</a>. 21 March 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mogadishu+violence+kills+6%2C500+in+past+year%3A+rights+group&rft.date=2008-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D208509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/List_of_drone_strikes_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="List of drone strikes in Yemen">List of drone strikes in Yemen</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1426857">"UAE aims to wipe out Yemen Al Qaeda branch"</a>. Dawn. 14 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=UAE+aims+to+wipe+out+Yemen+Al+Qaeda+branch&rft.date=2018-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1426857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Civil_conflict_in_the_Philippines#Casualties_by_year" title="Civil conflict in the Philippines">civil conflict in the Philippines.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> 270 killed and 453 captured (2009),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://chechnya.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/159998">[8]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110920151411/http://chechnya.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/159998">Archived</a> 20 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 349 killed and 254 captured (2010),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/198756">[9]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012428/http://www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/198756/">Archived</a> 19 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 384 killed and 370 captured (2011),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/198756/">[10]</a> 391 killed and 461 captured (2012),[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] 260 killed (2013),[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and 88 captured [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] 259 killed and 445 captured (2014),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203055846/http://www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=43475&cHash=37f7f6ab5a72bfb5b02b545a639f5fc4">[11]</a> 172 killed (2015),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/277116/">[12]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170617101542/http://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/277116">Archived</a> 17 June 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 162 killed and 377 captured (2016),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/297004/">[13]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204172900/http://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/297004">Archived</a> 4 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 82 killed and 296 captured (2017),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/315790/">[14]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327191044/https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/315790/">Archived</a> 27 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/caucasus-report-jump-in-militant-arrests/28831632.html">[15]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327192355/https://www.rferl.org/a/caucasus-report-jump-in-militant-arrests/28831632.html">Archived</a> 27 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> total reported 2,329 killed and 2,744 captured </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGambrell2009" class="citation news cs1">Gambrell, Jon (8 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811184555/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2009314190_apusrecruitersshotfuneral.html">"Funeral held for soldier killed in Ark. attack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://costsofwar.org/article/economic-cost-summary">the original</a> on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cost+of+Iraq%2C+Afghanistan%2C+and+Anti-Terrorism+Operations&rft.pub=Watson+Institute+for+International+Studies%2C+Brown+University&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Eisenhower+Study+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcostsofwar.org%2Farticle%2Feconomic-cost-summary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monbiot2003-343"><a href="#cite_ref-Monbiot2003_343-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Monbiot" title="George Monbiot">George Monbiot</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monbiot.com/archives/2003/03/11/a-wilful-blindness">"A Wilful Blindness"</a> ("Those who support the coming war with Iraq refuse to see that it has anything to do with US global domination"), monbiot.com (author's website archives), reposted from <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, 11 March 2003. Retrieved 28 May 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyulawreview.org/online-features/exporting-islamophobia-in-the-global-war-on-terror/">"Exporting Islamophobia in the Global 'War On Terror'"</a>. NYU Law Review. Retrieved 1 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYU+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Exporting+Islamophobia+in+the+Global+%27War+On+Terror%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyulawreview.org%2Fonline-features%2Fexporting-islamophobia-in-the-global-war-on-terror%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wired-FBI-345"><a href="#cite_ref-Wired-FBI_345-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingel2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Singel, Ryan (13 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2008/03/fbi-tried-to-co/">"FBI Tried to Cover Patriot Act Abuses With Flawed, Retroactive Subpoenas, Audit Finds"</a>. Wired. Retrieved 13 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=FBI+Tried+to+Cover+Patriot+Act+Abuses+With+Flawed%2C+Retroactive+Subpoenas%2C+Audit+Finds&rft.date=2008-03-13&rft.aulast=Singel&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fthreatlevel%2F2008%2F03%2Ffbi-tried-to-co%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> Williams, Shirley. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/comment/story/0,3604,1072390,00.html">The seeds of Iraq's future terror</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, 28 October 2003. </li> <li id="cite_note-odom_terrorismtactic-347"><a href="#cite_ref-odom_terrorismtactic_347-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middlebury.edu/media/view/214721/original/OdomPaper.pdf">"American Hegemony: How to Use It, How to Lose It by Gen. William Odom"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 25 April 2016 "According to Muslim speakers at such events, one fact stands out: When the cold war ended, America needed an enemy to replace Communism and chose Islam...Mr. Obama's dilemma is that no speech, however eloquent, can disentangle U.S.–Muslim relations from the treacherous terrain of current events in places such as Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran and the Middle East...Muslims desire respect and respect demands frankness. We cannot pretend that American soldiers and aircraft are not attacking Muslims." Archived from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160719111308/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/03/opinion/03iht-edalbright.html?_r=1">original</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLustick2006" class="citation book cs1">Lustick, Ian S. 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University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812239836" title="Special:BookSources/978-0812239836"><bdi>978-0812239836</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trapped+in+the+War+on+Terror&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0812239836&rft.aulast=Lustick&rft.aufirst=Ian+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftrappedinwaronte00lust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChalabi2018" class="citation news cs1">Chalabi, Mona (20 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216092039/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jul/20/muslim-terror-attacks-press-coverage-study">"Terror attacks by Muslims receive 357% more press attention, study finds"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Map%3A+The+54+countries+that+helped+the+CIA+with+its+torture-linked+rendition+program&rft.date=2014-12-09&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2014%2F12%2F9%2F7361291%2Fmap-cia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2015/5/us-drone-complex-bureaucratizes-murder.html">"Opinion: US drone complex bureaucratizes murder"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 11 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opinion%3A+US+drone+complex+bureaucratizes+murder&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famerica.aljazeera.com%2Fopinions%2F2015%2F5%2Fus-drone-complex-bureaucratizes-murder.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> Savell, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2023/Indirect%20Deaths.pdf">"How Death Outlives War: The Reverberating Impact of the Post-9/11 Wars on Human Health."</a> 15 May 2023. Brown University Watson Institute. Page 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Crime-statistics/Global-Burden-of-Armed-Violence-full-report.pdf">Geneva Declaration Secretariat.</a> September 2008. Global Burden of Armed Violence. Geneva. </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> Neta C. Crawford and Catherine Lutz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2021/Costs%20of%20War_Direct%20War%20Deaths_9.1.21.pdf">"Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones."</a> Brown University. 1 September 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures">"Latest Figures | Costs of War"</a>. The Costs of War. Retrieved 1 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Costs+of+War&rft.atitle=Latest+Figures+%7C+Costs+of+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwatson.brown.edu%2Fcostsofwar%2Ffigures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbas2021" class="citation journal cs1">Abbas, Tahir (24 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17539153.2021.1980182">"Reflection: the 'war on terror', Islamophobia and radicalisation twenty years on"</a>. Critical Studies on Terrorism. 14 (4): 402–04. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17539153.2021.1980182">10.1080/17539153.2021.1980182</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887%2F3618299">1887/3618299</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244221750">244221750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Studies+on+Terrorism&rft.atitle=Reflection%3A+the+%27war+on+terror%27%2C+Islamophobia+and+radicalisation+twenty+years+on&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=402-04&rft.date=2021-09-24&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1887%2F3618299&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244221750%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17539153.2021.1980182&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Tahir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F17539153.2021.1980182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoughlin2015" class="citation book cs1">Coughlin, Stephen (2015). Catastrophic Failure: Blindfolding America in the Face of Jihad. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1511617505" title="Special:BookSources/978-1511617505"><bdi>978-1511617505</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catastrophic+Failure%3A+Blindfolding+America+in+the+Face+of+Jihad&rft.pub=CreateSpace+Independent+Publishing+Platform&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1511617505&rft.aulast=Coughlin&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Davis, John, ed. Terrorism in Africa: the evolving front in the war on terror (Rowman & Littlefield - Lexington Books, 2012). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-3577-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-3577-8">978-0-7391-3577-8</a></li> <li>De Goede, Marieke. "The politics of preemption and the war on terror in Europe." European journal of international relations 14.1 (2008): 161–85. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dare.uva.nl/document/2/61146">online</a></li> <li>Dimaggio, Anthony. Mass Media, Mass Propaganda: Understanding the News in the 'War on Terror'. (Rowman & Littlefield - Lexington Books, 2008).<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1902-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1902-0">978-0-7391-1902-0</a></li> <li>Hill, Joshua, Willard M. Oliver, and Nancy E. Marion. " 'Shaping history' or 'Riding the wave'?: President Bush's influence on the public opinion of terrorism, homeland security, & crime." Journal of Criminal Justice 38.5 (2010): 896–902.</li> <li>Jackson, Richard. Writing the War on Terrorism: Language, Politics and Counter-Terrorism. (Manchester University Press, 2005). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0719071216" title="Special:BookSources/0719071216">0719071216</a>.</li> <li>Jones, David Martin, and M.L.R. Smith. "The age of ambiguity: Art and the war on terror twenty years after 9/11." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism (2021): 1–20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://davidmartinjones.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/The-Age-of-Ambiguity-Art-and-the-War-on-Terror-Twenty-Years-after-9-11.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Lansford, Tom. 9/11 and the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. A Chronology and Reference Guide (ABC-CLIO, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Wars-Afghanistan-Iraq-Chronology-Reference/dp/1598844199/">excerpt</a></li> <li>Lansford, Tom, Robert P. Watson, and Jack Covarrubias, eds. America's war on terror (2nd ed. Ashgate, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Americas-War-Terror-Robert-Watson/dp/0754677877/">excerpt</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMueller2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Mueller" title="John Mueller">Mueller, John</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/libertarianism/n323.xml">"War on Terror"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hamowy" title="Ronald Hamowy">Hamowy, Ronald</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC">The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism</a>. Thousand Oaks, CA: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">Sage</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>. pp. 531–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412965811.n323">10.4135/9781412965811.n323</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1412965804" title="Special:BookSources/978-1412965804"><bdi>978-1412965804</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/750831024">750831024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=War+on+Terror&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pages=531-33&rft.pub=Sage%3B+Cato+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F750831024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412965811.n323&rft.isbn=978-1412965804&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Flibertarianism%2Fn323.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+on+terror" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Ryan, Maria. "‘War in countries we are not at war with’: The ‘war on terror’ on the periphery from Bush to Obama." International Politics 48.2 (2011): 364–89.</li> <li>Webel, Charles, and Mark Tomass, eds. Assessing the War on Terror: Western and Middle Eastern Perspectives (Taylor & Francis, 2017).<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-113820456-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-113820456-0">978-113820456-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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href="https://www.cia.gov/news-information/cia-the-war-on-terrorism/index.html">CIA and the War on Terrorism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408055826/https://www.cia.gov/news-information/cia-the-war-on-terrorism/index.html">Archived</a> 8 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806164227/http://www.defense.gov/qdr/docs/2005-01-25-Strategic-Plan.pdf">U.S. National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism</a>, 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://911legacies.com/">The 9/11 Legacies Project</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Institute,_ASCR" title="Oriental Institute, ASCR">The Oriental Institute</a>, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://responsiblestatecraft.org/tag/911at20/">9/11 At 20: A Week of 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_on_terror" title="Template:War on terror"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_on_terror" title="Template talk:War on terror"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_on_terror" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War on terror"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_on_terror" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War on terror</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011) (<a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Withdrawal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_of_terrorism" title="Symbolism of terrorism">Symbolism of terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_bin_Laden" title="Hamza bin Laden">Hamza bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirajuddin_Haqqani" title="Sirajuddin Haqqani">Sirajuddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Haqqani" title="Jalaluddin Haqqani">Jalaluddin Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Haqqani" title="Anas Haqqani">Anas Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Haqqani" title="Khalil Haqqani">Khalil Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Saeed" title="Hafiz Saeed">Hafiz Saeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Mohamed_Ahmed_Bahaziq" title="Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq">Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkat-ul-Jihad_al-Islami" title="Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami">Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbul_Mujahideen" title="Hizbul Mujahideen">Hizbul Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union" title="Islamic Courts Union">Islamic Courts Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan" title="Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan">Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">OEF – Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Train_and_Equip_Program" title="Georgia Train and Equip Program">Georgia Train and Equip Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Sustainment_and_Stability_Operations_Program" title="Georgia Sustainment and Stability Operations Program">Georgia Sustainment and Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">OEF – Horn of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">OEF – Trans Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Active_Endeavour" title="Operation Active Endeavour">Operation Active Endeavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">Operation Linda Nchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Terrorism in Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">2007 Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_Memos" title="Torture Memos">Torture Memos</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2009" title="Military Commissions Act of 2009">Military Commissions Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Surveillance_Program" title="President's Surveillance Program">President's Surveillance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protect_America_Act_of_2007" title="Protect America Act of 2007">Protect America Act of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_Surveillance_Program" title="Terrorist Surveillance Program">Terrorist Surveillance Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of Civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatant_Status_Review_Tribunal" title="Combatant Status Review Tribunal">Combatant Status Review Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">Criticism of the war on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Enhanced interrogation techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_prisoners_of_the_United_States" title="Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States">Extrajudicial prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">Extraordinary rendition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Noble_Eagle" title="Operation Noble Eagle">Operation Noble Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Assist" title="Operation Eagle Assist">Operation Eagle Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">State Sponsors of Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposition_Matrix" title="Disposition Matrix">Targeted killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killing_in_International_Law" title="Targeted Killing in International Law">Targeted Killing in International Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Killings" title="Targeted Killings">Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage_(organisation)" title="Cage (organisation)">CAGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:War_on_terror" title="Category:War on terror">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror" class="extiw" title="commons:War on terror">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_relating_to_the_War_on_Terror" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_relating_to_the_War_on_Terror" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles relating to the War on Terror</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Terrorism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Terrorism_topics" title="Template:Terrorism topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Terrorism_topics" title="Template talk:Terrorism topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Terrorism_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Terrorism topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Terrorism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_terrorism" title="Definition of terrorism">Definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_terrorism" title="History of terrorism">History of terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_conventions_on_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="International conventions on terrorism">International conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism_legislation" title="Anti-terrorism legislation">Anti-terrorism legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">Counter-terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_(WTC_2)_-_B6019~11_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Terrorism topics"><img alt="Terrorism topics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1497" data-file-height="1830" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_terrorism" title="Communist terrorism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-terrorism" title="Eco-terrorism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_terrorism" title="Left-wing terrorism">Left-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">Right-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence">Ethnic violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_political_violence" title="Zionist political violence">Zionist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcoterrorism" title="Narcoterrorism">Narcoterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_terrorism" title="Nationalist terrorism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christian_terrorism" title="Christian terrorism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_extremist_terrorism" title="Jewish extremist terrorism">Jewish</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and <a href="/wiki/Tactics_of_terrorism" title="Tactics of terrorism">tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agro-terrorism" title="Agro-terrorism">Agro-terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_hijacking" title="Aircraft hijacking">Aircraft hijacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Bioterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">Car bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_terrorism" title="Environmental terrorism">Environmental destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_terrorism" title="Nuclear terrorism">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_bomb" title="Proxy bomb">Proxy bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">Suicide attack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State involvement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">State terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_terrorism" title="State-sponsored terrorism">State-sponsored terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clandestine_cell_system" title="Clandestine cell system">Clandestine cell system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_financing" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist financing">Financing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_front_organization" title="Terrorist front organization">Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_wolf_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lone wolf attacks">Lone wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorist_training_camp" title="Terrorist training camp">Training camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Terror" title="Red Terror">Red Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_White_Terror" title="First White Terror">White Terror</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_charities_accused_of_ties_to_terrorism" title="List of charities accused of ties to terrorism">Charities accused of ties to terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of designated terrorist organizations">Designated terrorist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents" title="List of terrorist incidents">Incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_terrorist_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Islamic terrorist attacks">Islamic terrorist attacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials and museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Terror" title="House of Terror">House of Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Terror" title="Topography of Terror">Topography of Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victims_of_Acts_of_Terror_Memorial" title="Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial">Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">Sponsored</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Israel and state-sponsored terrorism">Sponsored</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kuwait <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Kuwait and state-sponsored terrorism">Sponsored</a></li></ul></li> <li>Libya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libya_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Libya and state-sponsored terrorism">Sponsored</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism">Sponsored</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestine</a></li> <li>Qatar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Qatar and state-sponsored terrorism">Sponsored</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_and_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism and the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_and_state_terrorism" title="Sri Lanka and state terrorism">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_state_terrorism" title="United States and state terrorism">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="United States and state-sponsored terrorism">Sponsored</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venezuela <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Venezuela and state-sponsored terrorism">Sponsored</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Al-Qaeda" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Al-Qaeda" title="Template:Al-Qaeda"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Al-Qaeda" title="Template talk:Al-Qaeda"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Al-Qaeda" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Al-Qaeda"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Al-Qaeda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_al-Qaeda_members" title="List of al-Qaeda members">Leadership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Adel" title="Saif al-Adel">Saif al-Adel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Maghribi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Maghribi">Abd al-Rahman al-Maghribi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ad_bin_Atef_al-Awlaki" title="Sa'ad bin Atef al-Awlaki">Sa'ad bin Atef al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Umar_Abu_Ubaidah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Umar Abu Ubaidah">Ahmad Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghaly" title="Iyad Ag Ghaly">Iyad Ag Ghaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezedin_Abdel_Aziz_Khalil" title="Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil">Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_Youssef_al-Annabi" title="Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi">Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sayyid_Muhamed_Mustafa_al-Bakri" title="Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri">Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Banna" title="Ibrahim al-Banna">Ibrahim al-Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al_Qosi" title="Ibrahim al Qosi">Ibrahim al Qosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Walid_al-Masri" title="Abu Walid al-Masri">Abu Walid al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Showqi_Al-Islambouli" title="Mohammed Showqi Al-Islambouli">Mohammed Showqi Al-Islambouli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdukadir_Mohamed_Abdukadir" title="Abdukadir Mohamed Abdukadir">Abdukadir Mohamed Abdukadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_Qalaf" title="Fuad Qalaf">Fuad Qalaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehad_Mostafa" title="Jehad Mostafa">Jehad Mostafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Humam_al-Shami" title="Abu Humam al-Shami">Abu Humam al-Shami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_al-Oraydi" title="Sami al-Oraydi">Sami al-Oraydi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Killed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">killing</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">killing</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Atef" title="Mohammed Atef">Mohammed Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaed_Salim_Sinan_al-Harethi" title="Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi">Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Mohamed_Fadhil" title="Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil">Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitham_al-Yemeni" title="Haitham al-Yemeni">Haitham al-Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Rabia" title="Abu Hamza Rabia">Abu Hamza Rabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhsin_Musa_Matwalli_Atwah" title="Muhsin Musa Matwalli Atwah">Muhsin Musa Matwalli Atwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Faruq" title="Omar al-Faruq">Omar al-Faruq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitham_al-Badri" title="Haitham al-Badri">Haitham al-Badri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yaqub_al-Masri" title="Abu Yaqub al-Masri">Abu Yaqub al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talha_al-Sudani" title="Abu Talha al-Sudani">Abu Talha al-Sudani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Laith_al-Libi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Laith al-Libi">Abu Laith al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sulayman_Al-Jazairi" title="Abu Sulayman Al-Jazairi">Abu Sulayman Al-Jazairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midhat_Mursi" title="Midhat Mursi">Midhat Mursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Moumou" title="Mohamed Moumou">Mohamed Moumou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Habib" title="Khalid Habib">Khalid Habib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghadiya" title="Abu Ghadiya">Abu Ghadiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zubair_al-Masri" title="Abu Zubair al-Masri">Abu Zubair al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rauf" title="Rashid Rauf">Rashid Rauf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hasan_Khalil_al-Hakim" title="Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim">Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahid_Mohammed_Ally_Msalam" title="Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam">Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmed_Salim_Swedan" title="Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan">Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saad_bin_Laden" title="Saad bin Laden">Saad bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Ali_Saleh_Nabhan" title="Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan">Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Said_al_Libi" title="Abdullah Said al Libi">Abdullah Said al Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_al-Somali" title="Saleh al-Somali">Saleh al-Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_al-Masri" title="Saeed al-Masri">Saeed al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_al-Jawfi" title="Hamza al-Jawfi">Hamza al-Jawfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Mohammed_Hamed_Ali" title="Ahmed Mohammed Hamed Ali">Ahmed Mohammed Hamed Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Abul-Khair" title="Mohamed Abul-Khair">Mohamed Abul-Khair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Fateh" title="Sheikh Fateh">Sheikh Fateh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huthaifa_al-Batawi" title="Huthaifa al-Batawi">Huthaifa al-Batawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Kashmiri" title="Ilyas Kashmiri">Ilyas Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazul_Abdullah_Mohammed" title="Fazul Abdullah Mohammed">Fazul Abdullah Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiyah_Abd_al-Rahman" title="Atiyah Abd al-Rahman">Atiyah Abd al-Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Khan" title="Samir Khan">Samir Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_al-Dahab" title="Tariq al-Dahab">Tariq al-Dahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sa%27id_Ali_Hasan" title="Muhammad Sa'id Ali Hasan">Muhammad Sa'id Ali Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahd_al-Quso" title="Fahd al-Quso">Fahd al-Quso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yahya_al-Libi" title="Abu Yahya al-Libi">Abu Yahya al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ghul" title="Hassan Ghul">Hassan Ghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-Zaid_al_Kuwaiti" title="Abu-Zaid al Kuwaiti">Abu-Zaid al Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Ali_al-Shihri" title="Said Ali al-Shihri">Said Ali al-Shihri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farman_Ali_Shinwari" title="Farman Ali Shinwari">Farman Ali Shinwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abou_Zeid" title="Abdelhamid Abou Zeid">Abdelhamid Abou Zeid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Haji_Jama_Mee%27aad" title="Ibrahim Haji Jama Mee'aad">Ibrahim Haji Jama Mee'aad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansoor_Al-Amriki" title="Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki">Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Bahaji" title="Said Bahaji">Said Bahaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khalid_al-Suri" title="Abu Khalid al-Suri">Abu Khalid al-Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Ould_Hamaha" title="Omar Ould Hamaha">Omar Ould Hamaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdi_Godane" title="Ahmed Abdi Godane">Ahmed Abdi Godane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusuf_Al-Turki" title="Abu Yusuf Al-Turki">Abu Yusuf Al-Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Gulshair_el_Shukrijumah" title="Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah">Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Yahiye_Gadahn" title="Adam Yahiye Gadahn">Adam Yahiye Gadahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harith_bin_Ghazi_al-Nadhari" title="Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari">Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othman_Ahmad_Othman_al-Ghamdi" title="Othman Ahmad Othman al-Ghamdi">Othman Ahmad Othman al-Ghamdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Sulayman_Muhammad_al-Rubaysh" title="Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad al-Rubaysh">Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad al-Rubaysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser_bin_Ali_al-Ansi" title="Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi">Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Wuhayshi" title="Nasir al-Wuhayshi">Nasir al-Wuhayshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhsin_al-Fadhli" title="Muhsin al-Fadhli">Muhsin al-Fadhli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khalil_al-Madani" title="Abu Khalil al-Madani">Abu Khalil al-Madani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matiur_Rehman" title="Matiur Rehman">Matiur Rehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Firas_al-Suri" title="Abu Firas al-Suri">Abu Firas al-Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Refai_Taha" title="Ahmed Refai Taha">Ahmed Refai Taha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Belmokhtar" title="Mokhtar Belmokhtar">Mokhtar Belmokhtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khayr_al-Masri" title="Abu Khayr al-Masri">Abu Khayr al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Asiri" title="Ibrahim al-Asiri">Ibrahim al-Asiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_bin_Laden" title="Hamza bin Laden">Hamza bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari_Shihab" title="Sari Shihab">Sari Shihab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asim_Umar" title="Asim Umar">Asim Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasim_al-Raymi" title="Qasim al-Raymi">Qasim al-Raymi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelmalek_Droukdel" title="Abdelmalek Droukdel">Abdelmalek Droukdel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_al-Aruri" title="Khalid al-Aruri">Khalid al-Aruri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmed_Abdullah" title="Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah">Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhsin_al-Masri" title="Abu Muhsin al-Masri">Abu Muhsin al-Masri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Captured</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamdouh_Mahmud_Salim" title="Mamdouh Mahmud Salim">Mamdouh Mahmud Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadih_el-Hage" title="Wadih el-Hage">Wadih el-Hage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_al-Fawwaz" title="Khalid al-Fawwaz">Khalid al-Fawwaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahim_al-Nashiri" title="Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri">Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Sheikh_Mohammed" title="Khalid Sheikh Mohammed">Khalid Sheikh Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_bin_Attash" title="Walid bin Attash">Walid bin Attash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riduan_Isamuddin" title="Riduan Isamuddin">Riduan Isamuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Bahlul" title="Ali al-Bahlul">Ali al-Bahlul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ghailani" title="Ahmed Ghailani">Ahmed Ghailani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Faraj_al-Libbi" title="Abu Faraj al-Libbi">Abu Faraj al-Libbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Setmariam_Nasar" title="Mustafa Setmariam Nasar">Mustafa Setmariam Nasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hadi_al_Iraqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Hadi al Iraqi">Abdul Hadi al Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jafar_Jamal_al-Kahtani" title="Muhammad Jafar Jamal al-Kahtani">Muhammad Jafar Jamal al-Kahtani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Atiq_Awayd_Al_Harbi" title="Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi">Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younis_al-Mauritani" title="Younis al-Mauritani">Younis al-Mauritani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Abu_Ghaith" title="Sulaiman Abu Ghaith">Sulaiman Abu Ghaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Anas_al-Libi" title="Abu Anas al-Libi">Abu Anas al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhanad_Mahmoud_Al_Farekh" title="Muhanad Mahmoud Al Farekh">Muhanad Mahmoud Al Farekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Robow" title="Mukhtar Robow">Mukhtar Robow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Haq" title="Amin al-Haq">Amin al-Haq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_al-Banshiri" title="Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri">Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri</a> (died)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_al-Masri" title="Abu Ubaidah al-Masri">Abu Ubaidah al-Masri</a> (died)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahfouz_Ould_al-Walid" title="Mahfouz Ould al-Walid">Mahfouz Ould al-Walid</a> (left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> (expelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Julani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Julani">Abu Mohammad al-Julani</a> (left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Maria_al-Qahtani" title="Abu Maria al-Qahtani">Abu Maria al-Qahtani</a> (left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Salama_Mabruk" title="Ahmad Salama Mabruk">Ahmad Salama Mabruk</a> (left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Turkistani" title="Abu Omar al-Turkistani">Abu Omar al-Turkistani</a> (left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sulayman_al-Muhajir" title="Abu Sulayman al-Muhajir">Abu Sulayman al-Muhajir</a> (left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Batarfi" title="Khalid Batarfi">Khalid Batarfi</a> (died)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Al-Qaeda_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Al-Qaeda attacks">Timeline of attacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings" title="1998 United States embassy bombings">1998 United States embassy bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Cole_bombing" title="USS Cole bombing">2000 USS Cole bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">2001 September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Bali_bombings" title="2002 Bali bombings">2002 Bali bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="2004 Madrid train bombings">2004 Madrid train bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">2005 London bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11,_2007_Algiers_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 11, 2007 Algiers bombings">2007 Algiers bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Danish_embassy_bombing_in_Islamabad" title="2008 Danish embassy bombing in Islamabad">2008 Islamabad Danish embassy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Marriott_Hotel_bombing" title="Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing">2008 Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Amenas_hostage_crisis" title="In Amenas hostage crisis">2013 In Amenas hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westgate_shopping_mall_attack" title="Westgate shopping mall attack">2013 Westgate shopping mall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting" title="Charlie Hebdo shooting">2015 Charlie Hebdo shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garissa_University_College_attack" title="Garissa University College attack">2015 Garissa University College attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Bamako_hotel_attack" title="2015 Bamako hotel attack">2015 Bamako hotel attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ouagadougou_attacks" title="2016 Ouagadougou attacks">2016 Ouagadougou attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Grand-Bassam_shootings" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Grand-Bassam shootings">2016 Grand-Bassam shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Bamako_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Bamako attack">2016 Bamako attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola_shooting" title="Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting">2019 Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)">Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)">Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_North-West_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="War in North-West Pakistan">War in North-West Pakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">drone strikes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a> (Somalia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a> (Yemen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> (North Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Egyptian Islamic Jihad">Egyptian Islamic Jihad</a> (Egypt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent">Al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent</a> (Indian subcontinent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin">Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin</a> (Mali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurras_al-Din" title="Hurras al-Din">Hurras al-Din</a> (Syria)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charity organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benevolence_International_Foundation" title="Benevolence International Foundation">Benevolence International Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haramain_Foundation" title="Al-Haramain Foundation">Al-Haramain Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda_Handbook" title="Al Qaeda Handbook">Al Qaeda Handbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Neda" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Neda">Al Neda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sahab" title="As-Sahab">As-Sahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fataw%C4%81_of_Osama_bin_Laden" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatawā of Osama bin Laden">Fatawā of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspire_(magazine)" title="Inspire (magazine)">Inspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khansaa_(magazine)" title="Al-Khansaa (magazine)">Al-Khansaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_al-Qaeda_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit">Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_of_Savagery" title="Management of Savagery">Management of Savagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Jihad" title="Voice of Jihad">Voice of Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaedat_al-Jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaedat al-Jihad">Qaedat al-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Islamic_Media_Front" title="Global Islamic Media Front">Global Islamic Media Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video and audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Videos_and_audio_recordings_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden">Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videos_and_audio_recordings_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri">Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Cole_bombing" title="USS Cole bombing">USS Cole bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_safe_house" title="Al-Qaeda safe house">Safe houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam%E2%80%93al-Qaeda_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory">Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Saddam%E2%80%93al-Qaeda_conspiracy_allegations" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy allegations">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Al-Qaeda" title="Category:Al-Qaeda">Category:Al-Qaeda</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People_who_have_been_called_&quot;high-value_detainees&quot;_in_the_War_on_Terror" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HighValue" title="Template:HighValue"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HighValue" title="Template talk:HighValue"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HighValue" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HighValue"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_who_have_been_called_&quot;high-value_detainees&quot;_in_the_War_on_Terror" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People who have been called "high-value detainees" in the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Captives transferred to <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay</a> from <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> <a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">black sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_al-Hawsawi" title="Mustafa al-Hawsawi">Mustafa al-Hawsawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ghailani" title="Ahmed Ghailani">Ahmed Ghailani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramzi_bin_al-Shibh" title="Ramzi bin al-Shibh">Ramzi bin al-Shibh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_bin_Attash" title="Walid bin Attash">Walid bin Attash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahim_al-Nashiri" title="Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri">Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zubaydah" title="Abu Zubaydah">Abu Zubaydah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Faraj_al-Libbi" title="Abu Faraj al-Libbi">Abu Faraj al-Libbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_al-Baluchi" title="Ammar al-Baluchi">Ammar al-Baluchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riduan_Isamuddin" title="Riduan Isamuddin">Riduan Isamuddin (Hambali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Farik_Amin" title="Mohamad Farik Amin">Mohamad Farik Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Nazir_Bin_Lep" title="Mohammed Nazir Bin Lep">Mohammed Nazir Bin Lep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Sheikh_Mohammed" title="Khalid Sheikh Mohammed">Khalid Sheikh Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majid_Khan_(Guantanamo_captive_10020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Majid Khan (Guantanamo captive 10020)">Majid Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouled_Hassan_Dourad" title="Gouled Hassan Dourad">Gouled Hassan Dourad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hadi_al_Iraqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Hadi al Iraqi">Abdul Hadi al Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hajj_Abdu_Ali_Sharqawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Hajj Abdu Ali Sharqawi">Abdul Rahim al-Sharqawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Captives unaccounted for</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musaad_Aruchi" title="Musaad Aruchi">Musaad Aruchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yasir_Al_Jaza%27iri" title="Abu Yasir Al Jaza'iri">Abu Yasir Al Jaza'iri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Died in custody</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Shaykh_al-Libi" title="Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi">Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_topics" title="Template:United States topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_topics" title="Template talk:United States topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931789)" title="History of the United States (1776–1789)">1776–1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931815)" title="History of the United States (1789–1815)">1789–1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1815%E2%80%931849)" title="History of the United States (1815–1849)">1815–1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">1849–1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">1865–1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1917%E2%80%931945)" title="History of the United States (1917–1945)">1917–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%931964)" title="History of the United States (1945–1964)">1945–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">1964–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the United States (1980–1991)">1980–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">1991–2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(2008%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the United States (2008–present)">2008–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By event</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederation period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">drafting and ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Native American genocide in the United States">Native genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li>Civil rights movement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">1954–1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">home front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Feminist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">LGBT Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">Post-Cold War (1991–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the history of the United States">Outline of U.S. history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_discoveries" title="Timeline of United States discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions" title="Timeline of United States inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">Technological and industrial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Contiguous United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_enclave" title="Federal enclave">federal enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">insular zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">minor outlying islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States" title="List of earthquakes in the United States">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States" title="List of extreme points of the United States">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountain peaks of the United States">peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#United_States" title="List of mountain ranges">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longest <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_States" title="List of rivers of the United States">rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Powers of the president of the United States">powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">Independent agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">CBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Diplomatic Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)" title="Office of Inspector General (United States)">Inspector generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#President_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list of courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_district_judges" title="List of current United States district judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">U.S. attorney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States" title="Civil liberties in the United States">civil liberties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">Uniformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps" title="NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps">NOAA Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Federal District</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorney general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor/Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_commissioner" title="Insurance commissioner">Insurance commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_police_(United_States)" title="State police (United States)">State police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_and_local_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">List of legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of legislators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">Supreme courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_chief_justices" title="List of state chief justices">Chief justices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District attorney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_attorneys_by_county" class="mw-redirect" title="List of district attorneys by county">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_in_the_United_States" title="State constitutions in the United States">State constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_statutory_codes" title="List of U.S. state statutory codes">Statutory codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_act" title="Uniform act">Uniform act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison of governments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">Tribal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Native American recognition in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State-recognized tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List of counties and county equivalents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_executive" title="County executive">County executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">Coterminous municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter#United_States" title="Municipal charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City commission government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council#United_States" title="Municipal council">City council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_presidency" title="Imperial presidency">Imperial presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Ideologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">Scandals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_by_sector" title="Economy of the United States by sector">By sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Insurance in the United States">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_position_of_the_United_States" title="Financial position of the United States">Financial position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">Public debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">Social welfare programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in the United States">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_United_States" title="Aviation in the United States">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_States" title="Driving in the United States">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">Public transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Rail transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">Transportation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation safety in the United States">Transportation safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Society of the United States">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Architecture in the United States">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economic issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_United_States" title="Family in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_United_States" title="List of flags of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">Federal holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_States" title="Housing in the United States">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers" title="History of American newspapers">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" title="National symbols of the United States">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_States" title="Health in the United States">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_the_United_States" title="Aging of the United States">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States" title="Birth control in the United States">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States" title="Prenatal care in the United States">Prenatal care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_care_in_the_United_States" title="Hospice care in the United States">Hospice care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigrant_health_care_in_the_United_States" title="Immigrant health care in the United States">Immigrant health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_rationing_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare rationing in the United States">Rationing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Health care finance in the United States">Health care finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_costs_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance costs in the United States">Health insurance costs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Health care prices in the United States">Health care prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Prescription drug prices in the United States">Prescription drug prices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_the_United_States" title="Disability in the United States">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">Health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Food safety in the United States">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician_shortage_in_the_United_States" title="Physician shortage in the United States">Physician shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty and health in the United States">Poverty and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_deserts_in_the_United_States" title="Medical deserts in the United States">Medical deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_reproductive_health_in_the_United_States" title="Women's reproductive health in the United States">Women's reproductive health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">incarceration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination in the United States">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States" title="Affirmative action in the United States">affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">intersex rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Islamophobia in the United States">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental movement in the United States">Environmental movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">Mass shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States" title="Hunger in the United States">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States" title="National security of the United States">National security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">Opioid epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Xenophobia in the United States">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_conflicts_involving_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_United_States" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armed_conflicts_involving_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template:Armed conflicts involving the United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armed_conflicts_involving_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template talk:Armed conflicts involving the United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armed_conflicts_involving_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armed conflicts involving the United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_conflicts_involving_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>Listed chronologically</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shays%27_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Shays' Rebellion">Shays' Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fries%27s_Rebellion" title="Fries's Rebellion">Fries's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1811_German_Coast_uprising" title="1811 German Coast uprising">1811 German Coast uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Turner's slave rebellion">Turner's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1838_Mormon_War" title="1838 Mormon War">Mormon War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Dorr Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_War" title="Utah War">Utah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">Harpers Ferry raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">New York City draft riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%E2%80%93Baxter_War" title="Brooks–Baxter War">Brooks–Baxter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liberty_Place" title="Battle of Liberty Place">Battle of Liberty Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_war" title="Range war">Range War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_massacre" title="Hamburg massacre">Hamburg riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County_War" title="Lincoln County War">Lincoln County War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County_War" title="Johnson County War">Johnson County War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Creek_War" title="Coal Creek War">Coal Creek War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_strike" title="Homestead strike">Homestead strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullman_Strike" title="Pullman Strike">Pullman Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Coalfield_War" title="Colorado Coalfield War">Colorado Coalfield War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blair_Mountain" title="Battle of Blair Mountain">Battle of Blair Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonus_Army" title="Bonus Army">Bonus Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party_revolts_of_the_1950s" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s">Puerto Rican revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_riots_(1964%E2%80%931969)" title="Ghetto riots (1964–1969)">1960s ghetto rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Greensboro_uprising" title="1969 Greensboro uprising">1969 Greensboro uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_State_shootings" title="Kent State shootings">Kent State shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots" title="1992 Los Angeles riots">1992 Los Angeles riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020 racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">2021 U.S. Capitol attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American%E2%80%93Algerian_War_(1785%E2%80%931795)" title="American–Algerian War (1785–1795)">American–Algerian War (1785–1795)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi-War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Barbary_War" title="First Barbary War">First Barbary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Barbary_War" title="Second Barbary War">Second Barbary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sumatran_expedition" title="First Sumatran expedition">First Sumatran expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sumatran_expedition" title="Second Sumatran expedition">Second Sumatran expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast_expedition" title="Ivory Coast expedition">Ivory Coast expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Fiji_expedition" title="First Fiji expedition">First Fiji expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Fiji_expedition" title="Second Fiji expedition">Second Fiji expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosa_Expedition" title="Formosa Expedition">Formosa Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_expedition_to_Korea" title="United States expedition to Korea">Korean Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Border_War_(1910%E2%80%931919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Border War (1910–1919)">Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">Invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Force_in_Lebanon" title="Multinational Force in Lebanon">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">Invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Intervention in Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force" title="Operation Deliberate Force">Bosnian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">Kosovo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">War in North-West Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">First Libyan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">War against the Islamic State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency#American_military_support" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_intervention_in_Libya_(2015%E2%80%932019)" class="mw-redirect" title="American intervention in Libya (2015–2019)">Libya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_the_United_States" title="List of conflicts in the United States">Conflicts in the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States" title="List of wars involving the United States">Wars involving the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_military_operations" title="Timeline of United States military operations">Timeline of U.S. military operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_lengths_of_United_States_participation_in_wars" title="List of the lengths of United States participation in wars">Length of U.S. participation in major wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="History of the Central Intelligence Agency">History of the Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_casualties_of_war" title="United States military casualties of war">Casualties of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement#United_States" title="Peace movement">Peace movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_organizations#United_States" title="List of anti-war organizations">List of anti-war organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector#United_States" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes" title="United States war crimes">War crimes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_African_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War African conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Africa" title="List of conflicts in Africa">conflicts in Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Egypt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian Crisis</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a> (2011–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-coup_unrest_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)">Post-coup unrest</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_terrorism_in_Egypt_(2013%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of terrorism in Egypt (2013–present)">Terrorism in Egypt</a> (2013–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kufra_conflict" title="2008 Kufra conflict">2008 Kufra conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Libyan crisis (2011–present)">Libyan crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">2011 civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factional_violence_in_Libya_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)">2011–2014 factional violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">2014–2020 civil war</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Western Sahara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a> (1970–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">War, 1975–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_clashes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)">Clashes, 2020–present</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War" title="Algerian Civil War">Algerian Civil War</a> (1991–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_revolution" title="Tunisian revolution">Tunisian revolution</a> (2010–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Nigeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communal_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Communal conflicts in Nigeria">Communal conflicts in Nigeria</a> (1998–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herder%E2%80%93farmer_conflicts_in_Nigeria" title="Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria">Herder–farmer conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_the_Niger_Delta" title="Conflict in the Niger Delta">Niger Delta conflict</a> (2003–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Niger_Delta_conflict" title="2016 Niger Delta conflict">2016 conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Southeastern_Nigeria" title="Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria">Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mali</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tuareg rebellions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(1990%E2%80%931995)" title="Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)">1990–1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2007%E2%80%932009)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)">2007–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a> (2012–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sierra Leone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="Sierra Leone Civil War">Sierra Leone Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Liberia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Liberian Civil Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">1989–1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">1999–2003</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Côte d'Ivoire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ivorian Civil Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="First Ivorian Civil War">2002–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Ivorian_Civil_War" title="Second Ivorian Civil War">2010–2011</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Civil_War" title="Guinea-Bissau Civil War">Guinea-Bissau Civil War</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Guinea_clashes" title="2013 Guinea clashes">Guinea clashes</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a> (1982–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932017_Gambian_constitutional_crisis" title="2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis">2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECOWAS_military_intervention_in_the_Gambia" title="ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia">ECOWAS military intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland_Rebellion" title="Western Togoland Rebellion">Western Togoland Rebellion</a> (2020–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Angola</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> (1975–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_War" title="Cabinda War">Cabinda War</a> (1975–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">DR Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Congo_War" title="First Congo War">First Congo War</a> (1996–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a> (1996–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a> (1998–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a> (1999–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> (2004–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongo_conflict" title="Dongo conflict">Dongo conflict</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">Ituri conflict</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23_Movement" title="March 23 Movement">March 23 Movement</a> conflict <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_rebellion" title="M23 rebellion">2012–2013 rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">2022–2024 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batwa%E2%80%93Luba_clashes" title="Batwa–Luba clashes">Batwa–Luba clashes</a> (2013–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamwina_Nsapu_rebellion" title="Kamwina Nsapu rebellion">Kamwina Nsapu rebellion</a> (2016–2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Republic of the Congo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Civil wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1993%E2%80%931994)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–1994)">1993–1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_(1997%E2%80%931999)" title="Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)">1997–1999</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932003_conflict_in_the_Pool_Department" title="2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department">Pool Department conflict</a> (2002–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_War" title="Pool War">Pool War</a> (2016–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Central African Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Bush_War" title="Central African Republic Bush War">Bush War</a> (2004–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Civil War (2012–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_conflict_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Central African Republic conflict (2013–2014)">Djotodia period, 2013–2014</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Chad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)">Civil War (2005–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northern_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Northern Chad">Insurgency in Northern Chad</a> (2016–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Northern_Chad_offensive" title="2021 Northern Chad offensive">2021 offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Crisis" title="Anglophone Crisis">Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a> (1987–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Ethiopia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency, 2018–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Ogaden" title="Insurgency in Ogaden">Insurgency in Ogaden</a> (1994–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Afar_insurgency" title="Second Afar insurgency">Second Afar insurgency</a> (1995–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict</a> (2000–2018) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">War, 1998–2000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" title="Afar–Somali clashes">Afar–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benishangul-Gumuz_conflict" title="Benishangul-Gumuz conflict">Benishangul-Gumuz conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromia%E2%80%93Somali_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromia–Somali clashes">Oromia–Somali clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Somalia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puntland%E2%80%93Somaliland_dispute" title="Puntland–Somaliland dispute">Puntland–Somaliland dispute</a> (1998–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">2009–present phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Kenya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflicts_in_Kenya" title="Ethnic conflicts in Kenya">Ethnic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali%E2%80%93Kenyan_conflict" title="Somali–Kenyan conflict">Somali–Kenyan conflict</a> (1963–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likoni#The_Likoni_Massacres" title="Likoni">Likoni massacres</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Kenyan_crisis" title="2007–2008 Kenyan crisis">Kenyan crisis</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Tana_River_District_clashes" title="2012–2013 Tana River District clashes">2012–2013 Tana River District clashes</a> (2012–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baragoi_clashes" title="Baragoi clashes">Baragoi clashes</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">South Sudan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">Civil War</a> (2013–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyei_conflict_(2022%E2%80%932023)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abyei conflict (2022–2023)">Abyei conflict (2022–2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Sudan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> (1983–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a> (2003–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nomadic_conflicts" title="Sudanese nomadic conflicts">Nomadic conflicts</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict</a> (2011–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heglig_Crisis" title="Heglig Crisis">Heglig Crisis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_clashes_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Blue Nile clashes (2022–2023)">Blue Nile clashes</a> (2022–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Uganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a> (1987–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces_insurgency" title="Allied Democratic Forces insurgency">Allied Democratic Forces insurgency</a> (1996–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasese_clashes" title="Kasese clashes">Kasese clashes</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Civil_War" title="Rwandan Civil War">Rwandan Civil War</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">genocide</a> (1990–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_Civil_War" title="Djiboutian Civil War">Djiboutian Civil War</a> (1991–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanish_Islands_conflict" title="Hanish Islands conflict">Hanish Islands conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_invasion_of_Anjouan" title="2008 invasion of Anjouan">2008 invasion of Anjouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian%E2%80%93Eritrean_border_conflict" title="Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict">Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict</a></li> <li>Burundian conflicts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_Civil_War" title="Burundian Civil War">1993–2005 Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_unrest_(2015%E2%80%932018)" title="Burundian unrest (2015–2018)">2015–2018 unrest</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Mozambique</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a> (1977–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENAMO_insurgency_(2013%E2%80%932021)" title="RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)">RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Insurgency in Cabo Delgado</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">Bophuthatswana crisis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprivi_conflict" title="Caprivi conflict">Caprivi conflict</a> (1994–1999)</li> <li>Lesothan conflicts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community_intervention_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern African Development Community intervention in Lesotho">SADC intervention in Lesotho</a> (1998–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Lesotho_political_crisis" title="2014 Lesotho political crisis">2014 Lesotho political crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_Asian_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_Asian_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_Asian_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Asia" title="List of conflicts in Asia">conflicts in Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict (1947–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_India" title="Religious violence in India">Religious violence in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab,_India" title="Insurgency in Punjab, India">Insurgency in Punjab (1981–1995)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict (1947–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan (2004–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh (2010–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sri Lanka</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">JVP insurrection (1971)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war (1983–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">JVP insurrection (1987–1989)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Maldives_political_crisis" title="2011–2013 Maldives political crisis">Maldives political crisis (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Nepalese Civil War">Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_All_Clear" title="Operation All Clear">Operation All Clear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict (1960s–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Tibetan_unrest" title="2008 Tibetan unrest">Tibetan unrest (2008)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Korea (North and South)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_border_incidents_involving_North_and_South_Korea" title="List of border incidents involving North and South Korea">Maritime border incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_North_Korean_nuclear_crisis" title="1994 North Korean nuclear crisis">1994 North Korean nuclear crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_North_Korea_crisis" title="2017–2018 North Korea crisis">2017–2018 crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiwan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cambodia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Thai_border_dispute" title="Cambodian–Thai border dispute">Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict (1969–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Aceh" title="Insurgency in Aceh">Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Madago_Raya" title="Operation Madago Raya">East Indonesia Mujahideen insurgency (2015–2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Myanmar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_conflict" title="Myanmar conflict">Myanmar conflict (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_conflict" title="Karen conflict">Karen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_conflict" title="Kachin conflict">Kachin conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_conflict" title="Rohingya conflict">Rohingya conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">Civil war (2021–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thailand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency (2004–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Thai_border_dispute" title="Cambodian–Thai border dispute">Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Timor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_occupation_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian occupation of East Timor">Indonesian occupation (1975–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_East_Timorese_crisis" title="1999 East Timorese crisis">1999 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_East_Timorese_crisis" title="2006 East Timorese crisis">2006 crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Laos" title="Insurgency in Laos">Laotian insurgency (1975–2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conflict_in_the_Philippines" title="Civil conflict in the Philippines">Philippine civil conflict (1969–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">NPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FULRO_insurgency" title="FULRO insurgency">FULRO insurgency (1964–1992)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a> <ul><li>Civil War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">1989–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)">1992–1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)">1996–2001</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">2001–2021 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kazakhstan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflicts_in_Kazakhstan" title="Ethnic conflicts in Kazakhstan">Ethnic conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kyrgyzstan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Osh_clashes" title="1990 Osh clashes">1990 Osh clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Kyrgyz_Revolution" title="2010 Kyrgyz Revolution">2010 Kyrgyz Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_South_Kyrgyzstan_ethnic_clashes" title="2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes">2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tajikistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Gorno-Badakhshan_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)">Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fergana_massacre" title="Fergana massacre">Fergana massacre (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andijan_massacre" title="Andijan massacre">Andijan massacre (2005)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Azerbaijan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016 conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bahrain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">Bahraini uprising (2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDPI_insurgency_(1989%E2%80%931996)" title="KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)">KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93PJAK_conflict" title="Iran–PJAK conflict">Iran–PJAK conflict (2004–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Iran clashes (2016–present)">Western Iran clashes (2016–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel (1985–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon (1985–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Syrian arena (2012–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iraq</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdish_Civil_War" title="Iraqi Kurdish Civil War">Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraqi conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan_conflict_(2001%E2%80%932003)" title="Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003)">Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">ISIL insurgency (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada (2000–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel (2006–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel (1985–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Syrian arena (2012–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">Conflict in Northern Lebanon (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Lebanon_conflict" title="2008 Lebanon conflict">Lebanon conflict (2008)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palestine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada (2000–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel (2006–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–2008)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saudi Arabia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li> <li>Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian Civil War (2011–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Syrian Civil War">Regional spillover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="Maoist insurgency in Turkey">Maoist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHKP/C_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey">DHKP/C insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Kurdish–Turkish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–ISIL conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(1994)" title="Yemeni civil war (1994)">Civil war (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda (1998–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi (2004–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_insurgency" title="South Yemen insurgency">South Yemen (2009–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis (2011–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Civil War (2014–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inter-continental conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency (2011–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_European_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War European conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_European_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War European conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_European_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War European conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Europe" title="List of conflicts in Europe">conflicts in Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016 conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauzia_conflict" title="Gagauzia conflict">Gagauzia conflict (1989–1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_conflict" title="Transnistria conflict">Transnistria conflict (1990–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War (1990–1992)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgian Civil War (1991–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia_war_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="South Ossetia war (1991–1992)">South Ossetia War (1991–92)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Prigorodny_conflict" title="East Prigorodny conflict">East Prigorodny conflict (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">Russian constitutional crisis (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War (1994–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1998)" title="War in Abkhazia (1998)">War in Abkhazia (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War (1999–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">Tuzla Island conflict (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Maidan Uprising (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russian annexation of Crimea (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion (2023)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis">Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Slovenian War of Independence (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War (1992–1995)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croat%E2%80%93Bosniak_War" title="Croat–Bosniak War">Croat–Bosniak War (1992–1994)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_civil_unrest" title="1997 Albanian civil unrest">Albanian Civil War (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War (1998–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_Pre%C5%A1evo_Valley" title="Insurgency in the Preševo Valley">Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_insurgency_in_Macedonia" title="2001 insurgency in Macedonia">Insurgency in Macedonia (2001)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_territory_of_the_former_Soviet_Union" title="List of conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union">List of Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">List of ongoing armed conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proxy_wars" title="List of proxy wars">List of proxy wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">List of frozen conflicts</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">War on drugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_W._Bush" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_W._Bush" title="Template:George W. Bush"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_W._Bush" title="Template talk:George W. Bush"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_W._Bush" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George W. Bush"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_W._Bush" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">43rd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2001–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Texas" title="List of governors of Texas">46th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor of Texas</a> (1995–2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George W. Bush">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="First inauguration of George W. Bush">1st inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="Second inauguration of George W. Bush">2nd inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2001)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2001)">2001</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2002)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2002)">2002</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2003)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2003)">2003</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2004)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2004)">2004</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2005)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2005)">2005</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2006)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2006)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2007)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2007)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2008–2009)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2008%E2%80%932009)#January_2009" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2008–2009)">January 2009</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Domestic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_W._Bush_legislation_and_programs" title="List of George W. Bush legislation and programs">Legislation and programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Economic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of international presidential trips made by George W. Bush">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Russia–United States summits">Russia summits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia_Summit_2001" title="Slovenia Summit 2001">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_Summit_2005" title="Slovakia Summit 2005">Slovakia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Iraq_Status_of_Forces_Agreement" title="U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement">Status of Forces Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act" title="No Child Left Behind Act">No Child Left Behind Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicare_Prescription_Drug,_Improvement,_and_Modernization_Act" title="Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act">Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Freedom_Corps" title="USA Freedom Corps">USA Freedom Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Space policy of the George W. Bush administration">Space policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Offensive_Reductions_Treaty" title="Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty">Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">"War on Terror"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Service_and_Civic_Participation" title="President's Council on Service and Civic Participation">President's Council on Service and Civic Participation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Volunteer_Service_Award" title="President's Volunteer Service Award">award</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys_controversy" title="Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy">Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_White_House_email_controversy" title="Bush White House email controversy">Email controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts_Supreme_Court_nomination" class="mw-redirect" title="John Roberts Supreme Court nomination">John Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Miers_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Harriet Miers Supreme Court nomination">Harriet Miers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Samuel Alito Supreme Court nomination">Samuel Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush Cabinet">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of people pardoned by George W. Bush">Pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_George_W._Bush" title="Efforts to impeach George W. Bush">Impeachment efforts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_W._Bush/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George W. Bush/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_W._Bush/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George W. Bush/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama transition</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/100px-George-W-Bush.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/150px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/200px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="3000" /> <a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Childhood_Home" title="George W. Bush Childhood Home">Childhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Early life of George W. Bush">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center" title="George W. Bush Presidential Center">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_portraits_of_George_W._and_Laura_Bush" title="Presidential portraits of George W. and Laura Bush">Presidential portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_military_service_controversy" title="George W. Bush military service controversy">Military service controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killian_documents_controversy" title="Killian documents controversy">Killian documents controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killian_documents_authenticity_issues" title="Killian documents authenticity issues">authenticity issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Professional life of George W. Bush">Professional life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorship_of_George_W._Bush" title="Governorship of George W. Bush">Governorship of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Chapel_Ranch" title="Prairie Chapel Ranch">Prairie Chapel Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker%27s_Point_Estate" title="Walker's Point Estate">Walker's Point Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Bush_Haiti_Fund" title="Clinton Bush Haiti Fund">Clinton Bush Haiti Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Accomplished_speech" title="Mission Accomplished speech">Mission Accomplished</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union addresses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2002 State of the Union Address">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2003 State of the Union Address">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2004 State of the Union Address">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2005 State of the Union Address">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2006 State of the Union Address">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2007 State of the Union Address">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2008 State of the Union Address">2008</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_W._Bush" title="Electoral history of George W. Bush">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1978 United States House of Representatives elections">1978</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gubernatorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Texas gubernatorial election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Texas gubernatorial election">1998</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">2000 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2000 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2000 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2004_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign">2004 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2004 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_George_W._Bush" title="Public image of George W. Bush">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushism" title="Bushism">Bushisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of nicknames used by George W. Bush">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_and_films_about_George_W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books and films about George W. Bush">As the subject of books and films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictionalized_portrayals_of_George_W._Bush" title="Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush">Fictionalized portrayals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Me_Yet%3F" title="Miss Me Yet?">Miss Me Yet?</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Yo,_Blair" title="Yo, Blair">Yo, Blair</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_W._Bush" title="Bibliography of George W. Bush">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Charge_to_Keep" title="A Charge to Keep">A Charge to Keep</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_Points" title="Decision Points">Decision Points</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/41:_A_Portrait_of_My_Father" title="41: A Portrait of My Father">41: A Portrait of My Father</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portraits_of_Courage" title="Portraits of Courage">Portraits of Courage</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Many,_One:_Portraits_of_America%27s_Immigrants" title="Out of Many, One: Portraits of America's Immigrants">Out of Many, One</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11" title="Fahrenheit 9/11">Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._(film)" title="W. (film)">W. (2008 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bush_family" title="Bush family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush_(born_1981)" title="Barbara Bush (born 1981)">Barbara Pierce Bush</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Bush_Hager" title="Jenna Bush Hager">Jenna Bush Hager</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Robinson_Bush" title="Pauline Robinson Bush">Robin Bush</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Bush" title="Neil Bush">Neil Bush</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Bush" title="Marvin Bush">Marvin Bush</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bush_Koch" title="Dorothy Bush Koch">Dorothy Bush Koch</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_(dog)" title="Barney (dog)">Barney</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Beazley" title="Miss Beazley">Miss Beazley</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_(cat)" title="India (cat)">India</a> (cat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spot_Fetcher" title="Spot Fetcher">Spot Fetcher</a> (dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">← Bill Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_W._Bush" title="Category:George W. Bush">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Western_world_and_culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_world" title="Template:Western world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_world" title="Template talk:Western world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_world_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization" title="Cradle of civilization">Cradle of civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_world" title="Greco-Roman world">Greco-Roman world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="Legacy of the Roman Empire">Roman legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_(cultural)" title="Romanization (cultural)">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Germanic_culture" title="Romano-Germanic culture">Romano-Germanic culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_culture" title="Gallo-Roman culture">Gallo-Roman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_civilization" title="History of Western civilization">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" title="Bronze Age Europe">European Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Classical antiquity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">high</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">late</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern period">Modern period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Revolution" title="Scientific Revolution">Scientific Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Revolution" title="Age of Revolution">Age of Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation" title="Emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Divergence" title="Great Divergence">Great Divergence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interwar period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">Universal suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Post–Cold War era">Post–Cold War era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information age</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">War on terror</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">Periods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_pattern_diet" title="Western pattern diet">Diet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_tradition" title="Classical tradition">Classical tradition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion" title="History of Western fashion">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_dance_(Europe_and_North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western dance (Europe and North America)">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_education" title="Western education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Esotericism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Astrology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_folklore" title="European folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Western_world" title="Immigration to the Western world">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_law" title="Western law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurolinguistics" title="Eurolinguistics">Eurolinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Average_European" title="Standard Average European">Standard Average European</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_literature" title="Western literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">Canon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_media" title="Western media">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">Chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_folk_music_traditions" title="List of European folk music traditions">Folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="European mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Painting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th-century_Western_painting" title="20th-century Western painting">contemporary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" title="Philosophy of science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Values_(Western_philosophy)" title="Values (Western philosophy)">Values</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_physical_culture" title="Western physical culture">Physical culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_sports" title="Western sports">Sport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Christianity_in_the_Western_world" title="Decline of Christianity in the Western world">Decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Ancient Greek philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy" title="Hellenistic philosophy">Hellenistic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_philosophy" title="Ancient Roman philosophy">Ancient Roman philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Christian ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Christian philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Christian existentialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">Continental philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">Analytic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">Post-structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Tolerance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paradox_of_tolerance" title="Paradox of tolerance">Paradox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativism" title="Relativism">Relativism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peritrope" title="Peritrope">Peritrope</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanticism" title="Atlanticism">Atlanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereigntism" title="Sovereigntism">Sovereigntism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_values" title="Western values">Values</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_values" title="European values">European</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a>/<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish paganism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish mythology">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_paganism" title="Gothic paganism">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Old Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_religion" title="Hellenistic religion">Hellenistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Neo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_law" title="Western law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equality_before_the_law" title="Equality before the law">Equality before the law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_life" title="Right to life">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Property</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">International law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary integration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABCANZ_Armies" title="ABCANZ Armies">ABCANZ Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_European_Regions" title="Assembly of European Regions">AER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Portuguese_Alliance" title="Anglo-Portuguese Alliance">Anglo-Portuguese Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUK" title="ANZUK">ANZUK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUSCANNZUKUS" title="AUSCANNZUKUS">AUSCANNZUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Assembly" title="Baltic Assembly">Baltic Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">BSEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Nine" title="Bucharest Nine">Bucharest Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CANZUK" title="CANZUK">CANZUK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Baltic_Sea_States" title="Council of the Baltic Sea States">CBSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement">CEFTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova_Group" title="Craiova Group">Craiova Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Group" title="Eastern European Group">Eastern European Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">EFTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">EPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">EU Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">EU–UK TCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Eyes" title="Five Eyes">Five Eyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_House_Treaties" title="Lancaster House Treaties">Lancaster House Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_Triangle" title="Lublin Triangle">Lublin Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">OAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Balkan" title="Open Balkan">Open Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_the_Progress_and_Integration_of_South_America" title="Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America">PROSUR/PROSUL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Rio Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Seas_Initiative" title="Three Seas Initiative">Three Seas Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKUSA_Agreement" title="UKUSA Agreement">UKUSA Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">USMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Nordic_Council" title="West Nordic Council">West Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_European_and_Others_Group" title="Western European and Others Group">Western European and Others Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westernization" title="Westernization">Westernization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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