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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destruction_and_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Destruction and revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destruction_and_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_capital_of_the_Ming_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_capital_of_the_Ming_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Southern capital of the Ming dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_capital_of_the_Ming_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_of_the_Southern_Ming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_of_the_Southern_Ming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Capital of the Southern Ming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_of_the_Southern_Ming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qing_dynasty_and_Taiping_Rebellion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qing_dynasty_and_Taiping_Rebellion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Qing dynasty and Taiping Rebellion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qing_dynasty_and_Taiping_Rebellion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_of_the_Republic_and_Nanjing_Massacre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_of_the_Republic_and_Nanjing_Massacre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Capital of the Republic and Nanjing Massacre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_of_the_Republic_and_Nanjing_Massacre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_Civil_War_and_People's_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_Civil_War_and_People's_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Chinese Civil War and People's Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_Civil_War_and_People's_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_and_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_and_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate and environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_and_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Environmental issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Soil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animal_and_plant_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal_and_plant_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Animal and plant resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal_and_plant_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yangtze_River_crossings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yangtze_River_crossings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Yangtze River crossings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yangtze_River_crossings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mineral_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mineral_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Mineral resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mineral_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Primary industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Secondary industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tertiary_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tertiary_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Tertiary industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tertiary_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shipping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Shipping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shipping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture and art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Theater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Night_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Night_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Night life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Night_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inside_the_walled_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inside_the_walled_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9.1</span> <span>Inside the walled city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inside_the_walled_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_the_walled_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_the_walled_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9.2</span> <span>Outside the walled city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_the_walled_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.10</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folklore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folklore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11</span> <span>Folklore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folklore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.12</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.13</span> <span>Film and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.14</span> <span>Music and dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.15</span> <span>Photography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folk_crafts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_crafts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.16</span> <span>Folk crafts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_crafts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities_and_twin_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities_and_twin_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sister cities and twin towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities_and_twin_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanjing</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 119 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%82%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D" title="ናንጂንግ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናንጂንግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA" title="نانجينغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نانجينغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="নানচিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নানচিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2m-kia%E2%81%BF-chh%C4%AB" title="Lâm-kiaⁿ-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lâm-kiaⁿ-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Нанкін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нанкін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Нанкін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нанкін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанжин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нанжин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanqu%C3%ADn" title="Nanquín – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nanquín" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Nanjing (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nanjing (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanking" title="Nanking – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nanking" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_Shi" title="Nanjing Shi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nanjing Shi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Ναντσίνγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναντσίνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nank%C3%ADn" title="Nankín – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nankín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankino" title="Nankino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nankino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nank%C3%ADn" title="Nankín – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Nankín" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="نانجینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نانجینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC" title="南京 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="南京" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0m-k%C3%AEn-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Nàm-kîn-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nàm-kîn-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%9C%EC%A7%95%EC%8B%9C" title="난징시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="난징시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Նանկին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նանկին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="नानजिंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नानजिंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanchino" title="Nanchino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nanchino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="נאנג'ינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נאנג'ינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნანკინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნანკინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanchinum" title="Nanchinum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nanchinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C5%86dzjina" title="Naņdzjina – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Naņdzjina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankinas" title="Nankinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nankinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanking" title="Nanking – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nanking" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%9F%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Нанџјинг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нанџјинг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="നാൻജിങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാൻജിങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankeen" title="Nankeen – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Nankeen" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="नांजिंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नांजिंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნანკინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნანკინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC" title="نانجينج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نانجينج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0ng-g%C4%ADng" title="Nàng-gĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nàng-gĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Наньжин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Наньжин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="နန်ကျင်းမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နန်ကျင်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="नान्जिङ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नान्जिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="नान्जिङ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नान्जिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="南京市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南京市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਨਾਨਜਿੰਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਨਜਿੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="نانجنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نانجنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanquim" title="Nanquim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nanquim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namkin" title="Namkin – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Namkin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanking" title="Nanking – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nanking" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nand%C5%BEing" title="Nandžing – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nandžing" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="نانجینگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نانجینگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Нанкинг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нанкинг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="நாஞ்சிங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாஞ்சிங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%99%D0%BD%D2%97%D0%B8%D2%A3" title="Нәнҗиң – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нәнҗиң" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="หนานจิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หนานจิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Нанкін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нанкін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="نانجنگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نانجنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="نەنجىڭ شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نەنجىڭ شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanzging" title="Nanzging – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Nanzging" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_Kinh" title="Nam Kinh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nam Kinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="南京市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="南京市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nanjing&params=32_03_39_N_118_46_44_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-32"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°03′39″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°46′44″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.06083°N 118.77889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.06083; 118.77889</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Jiangsu, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nanjing (disambiguation)">Nanjing (disambiguation)</a> or <a href="/wiki/Jiangning_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jiangning (disambiguation)">Jiangning (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a> in Guangxi or <a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a> in Fujian.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Nanjing%22">"Nanjing"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Nanjing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Nanjing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Nanjing%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Nanjing%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Nanjing%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Nanjing</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh">南京市</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Nanking</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="border:1;;height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nanjing_Skyline.jpg/278px-Nanjing_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nanjing_Skyline.jpg/417px-Nanjing_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nanjing_Skyline.jpg/556px-Nanjing_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="944" /></a></span></div><div>Nanjing Skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div style="border:1;;height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple,_20160627.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg/169px-Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg/254px-Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg/338px-Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1237" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Linggu_Temple" title="Linggu Temple">Linggu Temple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:107px;max-width:107px"><div style="border:1;;height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jiming_Temple,_Nanjing_20101125.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Jiming_Temple%2C_Nanjing_20101125.jpg/105px-Jiming_Temple%2C_Nanjing_20101125.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Jiming_Temple%2C_Nanjing_20101125.jpg/158px-Jiming_Temple%2C_Nanjing_20101125.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Jiming_Temple%2C_Nanjing_20101125.jpg/210px-Jiming_Temple%2C_Nanjing_20101125.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Jiming_Temple" title="Jiming Temple">Jiming Temple</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:88px;max-width:88px"><div style="border:1;;height:114px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg/86px-Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg/129px-Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg/172px-Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum" title="Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum">Zhongshan Mausoleum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div style="border:1;;height:114px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg/188px-Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg/282px-Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg/376px-Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3111" data-file-height="1893" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Mausoleum" title="Xiao Mausoleum">Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="border:1;;height:144px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Night_Confucius_Temple_in_Nanjing,_20170304.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Night_Confucius_Temple_in_Nanjing%2C_20170304.jpg/278px-Night_Confucius_Temple_in_Nanjing%2C_20170304.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Night_Confucius_Temple_in_Nanjing%2C_20170304.jpg/417px-Night_Confucius_Temple_in_Nanjing%2C_20170304.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Night_Confucius_Temple_in_Nanjing%2C_20170304.jpg/556px-Night_Confucius_Temple_in_Nanjing%2C_20170304.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1037" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Fuzimiao" title="Nanjing Fuzimiao">Confucius Temple</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="7" data-lat="31.82" data-lon="118.74" data-overlays="["_42588eaedb92c3aeb58796bf8c557933f109fe27"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/7/31.82/118.74/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,31.82,118.74,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Nanjing&revid=1281212579&groups=_42588eaedb92c3aeb58796bf8c557933f109fe27" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,31.82,118.74,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Nanjing&revid=1281212579&groups=_42588eaedb92c3aeb58796bf8c557933f109fe27 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_locator_map_in_Jiangsu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Nanjing City jurisdiction in Jiangsu"><img alt="Location of Nanjing City jurisdiction in Jiangsu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nanjing_locator_map_in_Jiangsu.svg/250px-Nanjing_locator_map_in_Jiangsu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nanjing_locator_map_in_Jiangsu.svg/500px-Nanjing_locator_map_in_Jiangsu.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="756" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Nanjing City jurisdiction in Jiangsu</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nanjing is located in Eastern China"><img alt="Nanjing is located in Eastern China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg/250px-Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg/375px-Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg/500px-Eastern_China_blank_relief_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="1006" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.609%;left:73.584%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nanjing"><img alt="Nanjing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Nanjing</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in China</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Eastern China</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nanjing is located in China"><img alt="Nanjing is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.55%;left:75.36%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nanjing"><img alt="Nanjing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Nanjing</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Nanjing (China)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of China</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nanjing&params=32_03_39_N_118_46_44_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-32"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°03′39″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°46′44″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.06083°N 118.77889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.06083; 118.77889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">China</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">County-level</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">Township-level</a></th><td class="infobox-data">129</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">unknown (Yecheng, 495 BCE. Jinling City, 333 BCE)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_District,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuanwu District, Nanjing">Xuanwu District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial city</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Nanjing Municipal People's Congress</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83%E5%B8%B8%E5%8B%99%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" class="extiw" title="zh:南京市人民代表大會常務委員會">zh</a>]</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">CCP Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Han_Liming" title="Han Liming">Han Liming</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Congress</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Long Xiang</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Chen Zhichang</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Liu Yi'an</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,587 km<sup>2</sup> (2,543 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,398.69 km<sup>2</sup> (540.04 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">20 m (50 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,341,685</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,400/km<sup>2</sup> (3,700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,341,685</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,684,136</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Nankinese or Nanjinger<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<sup id="cite_ref-tjj.nanjing.gov.cn_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tjj.nanjing.gov.cn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a> 1.850 trillion<br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 260 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 198,046<br />US$ 27,809</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal code of China">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><b>2100</b>00–<b>2113</b>00</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_China" title="Telephone numbers in China">25</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-JS-01</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.859 (very high)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.nanjing.gov.cn/index_20426.html">Nanjing</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><big><b>City trees</b></big><br /> <a href="/wiki/Cedrus_deodara" title="Cedrus deodara">Deodar Cedar</a> (<i>Cedrus deodara</i>),<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Platanus_%C3%97_hispanica" class="mw-redirect" title="Platanus × hispanica">Platanus × hispanica</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><big><b>City flowers</b></big><br /> <a href="/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume">Méi</a> (<i>Prunus mume</i>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Nanjing</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Nanjing_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/90px-Nanjing_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Nanjing_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/135px-Nanjing_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Nanjing_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/180px-Nanjing_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="132" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Nanjing" in Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:南京">南京</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Nanking</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Southern Capital"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Nánjīng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Nan<sup>2</sup>-ching<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Nánjing</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[nǎn.tɕíŋ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">noe<sup>平</sup>cin<sup>平</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Nàahmgīng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">naam4 ging1</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[nam˩ kɪŋ˥]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Lâm-kiaⁿ (<a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">col.</a>)<br />Lâm-king (<a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">lit.</a>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Lâm-kiann (<a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">col.</a>)<br />Lâm-king (<a href="/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial_readings_of_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters">lit.</a>)</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nanjing</b><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital of <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, a province in <a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East China</a>. The city, which is located in the southwestern corner of the province, has 11 districts, an administrative area of 6,600 km<sup>2</sup> (2,500 sq mi), and as of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> a population of 9,423,400.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Situated in the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta">Yangtze River Delta</a>, Nanjing has a prominent place in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese history">Chinese history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">culture</a>, having served as the <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">capital</a> of various <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties in Chinese history">Chinese dynasties</a>, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949,<sup id="cite_ref-历史沿革_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-历史沿革-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Nanjing" title="Port of Nanjing">one of the world's largest inland ports</a>. The city is also one of the fifteen <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial cities</a> in the People's Republic of China's <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">administrative structure</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a <a href="/wiki/Province_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of China">province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been awarded the title of 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor of China, Special <a href="/wiki/UN_Habitat_Scroll_of_Honor_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award">UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Civilized_City" title="National Civilized City">National Civilized City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanjing is also considered a <a href="/wiki/GaWC" class="mw-redirect" title="GaWC">Beta (global second-tier)</a> city classification, together with <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ranked as one of the world's top 100 cities in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GFCI_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFCI-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2021, Nanjing has 68 <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Jiangsu" title="List of universities and colleges in Jiangsu">institutions</a> of higher learning,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 13 <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">double-first-class universities</a>, ten 111-plan universities, eight <a href="/wiki/Project_211" title="Project 211">211 universities</a>, and 97 academies.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing University</a>, which has a long history, is among the world's top 20 universities ranked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ratio of college students to the total population ranks No.1 among large cities nationwide. Nanjing has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">fifth-largest scientific research output</a> of any city in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024, it has been ranked as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output#Leading_cities_in_different_fields" title="List of cities by scientific output">world's second most prolific scientific research center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Earth_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth sciences">earth and environmental sciences</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output#Leading_cities_in_different_fields" title="List of cities by scientific output">world's third most prolific scientific research center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical sciences">physical sciences</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Four Great Ancient Capitals of China</a>. It has been one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_throughout_history" title="List of largest cities throughout history">world's largest cities</a>, enjoying peace and prosperity despite various wars and disasters.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-xinhua01_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xinhua01-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-questia.com_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-questia.com-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanjing served as the capital of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a> (229–280), one of the three major states in the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period; the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Jin_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Jin dynasty">Eastern Jin</a> and each of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_and_Northern_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern and Northern dynasties">Southern dynasties</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liu_Song_dynasty" title="Liu Song dynasty">Liu Song</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Qi" title="Southern Qi">Southern Qi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liang_dynasty" title="Liang dynasty">Liang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chen_dynasty" title="Chen dynasty">Chen</a>), which successively ruled southern China from 317 to 589; the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a> (937–75), one of the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Kingdoms">Ten Kingdoms</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368–1421);<sup id="cite_ref-Crespigny_2004_loc=3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crespigny_2004_loc=3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> under the nationalist <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (1927–37, 1946–49) before its flight to <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a> by <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-Shek" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiang Kai-Shek">Chiang Kai-Shek</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-capital-nanking_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capital-nanking-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also served as the seat of the rebel <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Heavenly_Kingdom" title="Taiping Heavenly Kingdom">Taiping Heavenly Kingdom</a> (1853–64) and the <a href="/wiki/Reorganized_National_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China">Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei</a> (1940–45) during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>. It suffered many notable devastating atrocities in both conflicts, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a> from late 1937 to early 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nanjing became the capital city of Jiangsu province in 1952, after serving as a Direct-administered Municipality from 1949 to 1952 following the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It has many important heritage sites, including the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace_(Nanjing)" title="Presidential Palace (Nanjing)">Presidential Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum" title="Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum">Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xiao_Mausoleum" title="Xiao Mausoleum">Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum</a>. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Fuzimiao" title="Nanjing Fuzimiao">Fuzimiao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ming_Palace" title="Ming Palace">Ming Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaotian_Palace" title="Chaotian Palace">Chaotian Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porcelain_Tower_of_Nanjing" title="Porcelain Tower of Nanjing">Porcelain Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drum_Tower_of_Nanjing" title="Drum Tower of Nanjing">Drum Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stone_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone City">Stone City</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_Wall_of_Nanjing" title="City Wall of Nanjing">City Wall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_River" title="Qinhuai River">Qinhuai River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_Lake" title="Xuanwu Lake">Xuanwu Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Purple_Mountain_(Nanjing)" title="Purple Mountain (Nanjing)">Purple Mountain</a>. Key cultural facilities include <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Library" title="Nanjing Library">Nanjing Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Museum" title="Nanjing Museum">Nanjing Museum</a> and Jiangsu Art Museum. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Name"></span><span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span><span class="anchor" id="Toponymy"></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city. </p><p>The city was known as <b>Yuecheng</b> and <b>Jinling</b> or "Ginling" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">金陵</span></span>) from the Warring States Era. <b>Jianye</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant">建业</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Chien-yeh</span></i>), which means 'build an empire', was officially designated for the city during the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Wu dynasty">Eastern Wu dynasty</a>. The city first became a Chinese national capital as early as the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (265–420)">Jin dynasty</a> and was renamed <b><a href="/wiki/Jiankang" title="Jiankang">Jiankang</a></b>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanjing is also called Jincheng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">金城</span></span>, Golden City), derived from Jinling City. </p><p>The name <b>Nanjing</b>, which means "southern capital", was officially designated for the city during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, about six hundred years later.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In English, the spelling <b>Nanking</b> was traditional until <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>, developed in the 1950s and internationally adopted in the 1980s, standardized the spelling as "Nanjing". </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, the city was called <b>Jiangning</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant">江寧</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Kiang-ning</span></i>), whose first character <b>jiang</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">江</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">jiāng</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'river', i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a>) is the former part of the name <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> and second character <b>ning</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">寧</span></span>, simplified form <span lang="zh-Hans">宁</span>; 'peace') is the shortened name of Nanjing. When it was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%9349)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912–49)">Republic of China (1912–49)</a>, jing (<span lang="zh">京</span>; 'capital') was adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Nanjing" title="Timeline of Nanjing">Timeline of Nanjing</a></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Early_history_and_foundation"></span><span class="anchor" id="Foundation"></span><span class="anchor" id="Founding"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_XuanWuLake_Purple_and_Mountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nanjing_XuanWuLake_Purple_and_Mountain.jpg/220px-Nanjing_XuanWuLake_Purple_and_Mountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nanjing_XuanWuLake_Purple_and_Mountain.jpg/330px-Nanjing_XuanWuLake_Purple_and_Mountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nanjing_XuanWuLake_Purple_and_Mountain.jpg/440px-Nanjing_XuanWuLake_Purple_and_Mountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1157" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Purple_Mountain_(Nanjing)" title="Purple Mountain (Nanjing)">Purple Mountain or Zijin Shan</a>, located to the east of the walled city of Nanjing, is the origin of the nickname "Jinling". The water in the front is <a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_Lake" title="Xuanwu Lake">Xuanwu Lake</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Archaeological discovery shows that the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Man" title="Nanjing Man">Nanjing Man</a>" lived more than 500,000 years ago. <i><a href="/wiki/Zun" title="Zun">Zun</a></i>, a kind of wine vessel, were found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing about 5000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 7000 years ago, there was an agricultural civilization in the area that is now <a href="/wiki/Qixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qixia District">Qixia</a>. In the Jiangning district, ruins of primitive villages from the Neolithic Age were discovered.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>About 4000 years ago, dense <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> primitive settlements appeared in the Qinhuai River Basin, labeled as the Hushu culture. The earliest cities in Nanjing were formed around these settlements. Due to the volume of archeological finds in the area related to the Taowu and Hushu cultures, many historians, anthropologists, and archeologists frequent the Nanjing area.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hushu culture developed into Wu culture under the influence of the Shang and Zhou, who encroached from Central Plains. From the traditions, <a href="/wiki/Taibo_of_Wu" class="mw-redirect" title="Taibo of Wu">Taibo</a> of <a href="/wiki/Predynastic_Zhou" title="Predynastic Zhou">Zhou</a> came to <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a> and established the state of Wu during the 12th century BC. </p><p>In 571 BC, the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Chu">State of Chu</a> established Tangyi in Liuhe. This is the oldest extant administrative establishment in Nanjing; as of 2025 it has a history 2596 years long. In 541, <a href="/wiki/Wu_(state)" title="Wu (state)">Wu</a> built Laizhu Town in Gaochun—because of its strong city, it was also called Gucheng. <a href="/wiki/Fuchai" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuchai">Fuchai</a>, King of the <a href="/wiki/Wu_(state)" title="Wu (state)">State of Wu</a>, founded a fort named Yecheng in today's Nanjing area in 495<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wu was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Yue" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Yue">State of Yue</a> in 473 BC, and the city was rebuilt at the mouth of the Qinhuai River in the following year. Later it was called Yuecheng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">越城</span></span>) on the outskirts of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhonghua Gate">Zhonghua Gate</a>, which was the beginning of the construction of the main city of Nanjing. In 333 BC, Chu defeated Yue and built Jinling Yi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">金陵邑</span></span>) on in the western part of Nanjing.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the earliest administrative construction in the main city of Nanjing. The name of Jinling comes from this. </p><p>In 210 BC, <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">the First Emperor of Qin</a> visited the east and changed Jinling City to Moling (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">秣陵</span></span>). The area was successively part of <a href="/wiki/Kuaiji_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaiji Prefecture">Kuaiji</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Prefecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Prefecture (page does not exist)">Zhang</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danyang_Prefecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danyang Prefecture (page does not exist)">Danyang</a> prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou_(ancient_China)" title="Yangzhou (ancient China)">Yangzhou</a> for about 400 years from late <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a> to early <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_of_the_Six_Dynasties">Capital of the Six Dynasties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Capital of the Six Dynasties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Segalen-27-Xiao-Xiu-Winged-lion-right.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Segalen-27-Xiao-Xiu-Winged-lion-right.jpg/250px-Segalen-27-Xiao-Xiu-Winged-lion-right.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Segalen-27-Xiao-Xiu-Winged-lion-right.jpg/330px-Segalen-27-Xiao-Xiu-Winged-lion-right.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Segalen-27-Xiao-Xiu-Winged-lion-right.jpg/500px-Segalen-27-Xiao-Xiu-Winged-lion-right.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4641" data-file-height="3801" /></a><figcaption>A <i><a href="/wiki/Bixie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bixie">bixie</a></i> sculpture at <a href="/wiki/Xiao_Xiu" title="Xiao Xiu">Xiao Xiu</a>'s tomb (AD<span class="nowrap"> </span>518). <a href="/wiki/Stone_sculptures_at_mausoleum_of_the_southern_dynasties_in_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone sculptures at mausoleum of the southern dynasties in Nanjing">Stone sculpture of the southern dynasties</a> is widely considered as the city's icon.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Six_Dynasties" title="Six Dynasties">Six Dynasties</a> is a collective term for six Chinese dynasties mentioned above which all maintained national capitals at Jiankang. The six dynasties were: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a> (222–280), <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Jin_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Jin dynasty">Eastern Jin dynasty</a> (317–420) and <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties" title="Northern and Southern dynasties">four southern dynasties</a> (420–589). </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/End_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="End of the Han dynasty">end of the Eastern Han dynasty</a>, the warlord <a href="/wiki/Sun_Quan" title="Sun Quan">Sun Quan</a>, who ruled <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangdong</a>, moved his ruling office to Moling in 211 AD. The following year, he built the <a href="/wiki/Stone_City_(Nanjing)" title="Stone City (Nanjing)">Stone City</a> at the site of Jinling Yi, and renamed Moling to Jianye. Jianye later became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Wu dynasty">Eastern Wu dynasty</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period, after Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor in 229, opening Nanjing's history as a state capital.<sup id="cite_ref-Crespigny_2004_loc=3_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crespigny_2004_loc=3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time Wu was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Jin_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Jin dynasty">Western Jin dynasty</a> in 280, Jianye and its neighboring areas had been well cultivated, developing into one of the commercial, cultural and political centers of China.<sup id="cite_ref-questia.com_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-questia.com-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not long after the unification of China, the Western Jin collapsed under the weight of <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Eight_Princes" title="War of the Eight Princes">civil wars by eight princes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upheaval_of_the_Five_Barbarians" title="Upheaval of the Five Barbarians">rebellions</a> from the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Five_Barbarians" title="Five Barbarians">Five Barbarians</a>" in the north. Jianye, renamed to Jiankang in 313 to avoid <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Min_of_Jin" title="Emperor Min of Jin">Emperor Min of Jin's</a> <a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">taboo name</a>, was safely isolated from the chaos and became a popular refuge for the northern nobles and wealthy families. In 318, the ruling prince in Jiankang, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yuan_of_Jin" title="Emperor Yuan of Jin">Sima Rui</a> proclaimed himself the new emperor and reestablished the dynasty as the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Jin" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Jin">Eastern Jin dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-liu_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liu-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marked the first time a Chinese dynastic capital was moved from the north to <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">southern China</a>, as the north came under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pagoda_at_Qixia_Temple_Nanjing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pagoda_at_Qixia_Temple_Nanjing.jpg/250px-Pagoda_at_Qixia_Temple_Nanjing.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pagoda_at_Qixia_Temple_Nanjing.jpg/330px-Pagoda_at_Qixia_Temple_Nanjing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Pagoda_at_Qixia_Temple_Nanjing.jpg/500px-Pagoda_at_Qixia_Temple_Nanjing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aar%C4%ABra" title="Śarīra">Śarīra</a> <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagoda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Qixia_Temple" title="Qixia Temple">Qixia Temple</a>. It was built in AD<span class="nowrap"> </span>601 and rebuilt in the 10th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>Jiankang was the centre of administration in the south for more than two and a half centuries, even as China entered the <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties" title="Northern and Southern dynasties">Northern and Southern dynasties</a> period. After the Eastern Jin fell in 420, it continued to serve as the capital for the <a href="/wiki/Southern_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern dynasties">Southern dynasties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liu_Song_dynasty" title="Liu Song dynasty">Liu Song</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Qi" title="Southern Qi">Southern Qi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liang_dynasty" title="Liang dynasty">Liang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chen_dynasty" title="Chen dynasty">Chen</a>. During this time, Jiankang was the international hub of East Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on historical documents, the city had 280,000 registered households.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assuming an average Nanjing household consisted of about 5.1 people, the city had more than 1.4 million residents.<sup id="cite_ref-liu_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liu-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of <a href="/wiki/Spirit_way" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit way">sculptural ensembles</a> of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in <a href="/wiki/Qixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qixia District">Qixia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jiangning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangning District">Jiangning District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Xiao_Xiu" title="Xiao Xiu">Xiao Xiu</a> (475–518), a brother of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Liang" title="Emperor Wu of Liang">Emperor Wu of Liang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Sui"></span><span class="anchor" id="Tang"></span><span class="anchor" id="Song"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Destruction_and_revival">Destruction and revival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Destruction and revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:420px; border-width: 1px; font-size: 88%; color: #202122;background-color: #F9F9F9;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>The phoenix birds once frolicked on Phoenix Terrace, <br /> The birds are gone, the Terrace empty, and the river flows on. <br />Flourishing flowers of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Wu</a> Palace are buried beneath dark trails; <br /> Caps and gowns of <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (265–420)">Jin times</a> all lie in ancient mounds. <br /> The Three-peaked Mountain lies half visible under the blue sky, <br />The two-forked stream is separated by the White-Egret Isle in the middle. <br /> Clouds always block the sun, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> cannot be seen and I grieve. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">— About the former opulent capital Jinling (present-day Nanjing) in the poem <i>Climbing Phoenix Terrace at Jinling</i> by <a href="/wiki/Li_Bai" title="Li Bai">Li Bai</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>The period of division ended when the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> reunified China and almost destroyed the entire city, turning it into a small town. The city was razed after the Sui took it over. It was renamed <span class="nowrap"><b>Shengzhou</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">昇州</span></span>)</span> in the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> and resuscitated during the late Tang.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was chosen as the capital and called <span class="nowrap"><b>Jinling</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">金陵</span></span>)</span> during the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a> (937–976), which succeeded the state of <a href="/wiki/Yang_Wu" title="Yang Wu">Yang Wu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was renamed <span class="nowrap"><b>Jiangning</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">江寧</span></span>,</span> "Pacified Area of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a>") in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Northern Song</a> and renamed <b>Jiankang</b> in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty#Southern_Song,_1127–1279" title="Song dynasty">Southern Song</a>. Jiankang's textile industry burgeoned and thrived during the Song despite the constant threat of foreign <a href="/wiki/Jin%E2%80%93Song_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin–Song Wars">invasions from the north</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a>. The court of <a href="/wiki/Da_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="Da Chu">Da Chu</a>, a short-lived puppet state established by the Jurchens, and the court of Song were once in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Southern Song were eventually destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>; during their rule as the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>, the city's status as a hub of the textile industry was further consolidated.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Odoric_of_Pordenone" title="Odoric of Pordenone">Odoric of Pordenone</a>, Chilenfu (Nanjing) had 360 stone bridges, which were finer than anywhere else in the world. It was well populated and had a large craft industry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYule2002131_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYule2002131-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1010px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto;direction:rtl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="‪Second half section of the "Night Revels of Han Xizai" (韓熙載夜宴圖) by the Southern Tang painter Gu Hongzhong, 10th century, showed a banquet in Yuhuatai District, Nanjing.‬"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels_2.jpg/1000px-Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels_2.jpg/1500px-Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels_2.jpg/2000px-Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2315" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Gu_Hongzhong%27s_Night_Revels_2.jpg" title="File:Gu Hongzhong's Night Revels 2.jpg"> </a></div>Second half section of the "Night Revels of <a href="/wiki/Han_Xizai" title="Han Xizai">Han Xizai</a>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">韓熙載夜宴圖</span></span>) by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a> painter <a href="/wiki/Gu_Hongzhong" title="Gu Hongzhong">Gu Hongzhong</a>, 10th century, showed a banquet in <a href="/wiki/Yuhuatai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhuatai District">Yuhuatai District</a>, Nanjing.</div></div></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Ming"></span><span class="anchor" id="Southern_capital_of_Ming_dynasty"></span><span class="anchor" id="Capital_of_the_Ming_dynasty"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_capital_of_the_Ming_dynasty">Southern capital of the Ming dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Southern capital of the Ming dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1510px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto;direction:rtl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%97%E9%83%BD%E7%B9%81%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="‪The Bustling and Hustling of Nanjing-handscroll (zh:南都繁会图), by Qiu Ying‬"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%BD%E7%B9%81%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96_01.jpg/1500px-%E5%8D%97%E9%83%BD%E7%B9%81%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="1500" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%BD%E7%B9%81%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96_01.jpg/2250px-%E5%8D%97%E9%83%BD%E7%B9%81%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%BD%E7%B9%81%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96_01.jpg/3000px-%E5%8D%97%E9%83%BD%E7%B9%81%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="15836" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%97%E9%83%BD%E7%B9%81%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96_01.jpg" title="File:南都繁會圖 01.jpg"> </a></div><i>The Bustling and Hustling of Nanjing</i>-handscroll (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%BD%E7%B9%81%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:南都繁会图">zh:南都繁会图</a>), by <a href="/wiki/Qiu_Ying" title="Qiu Ying">Qiu Ying</a></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing-Mochouhu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nanjing-Mochouhu.jpg/250px-Nanjing-Mochouhu.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nanjing-Mochouhu.jpg/375px-Nanjing-Mochouhu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nanjing-Mochouhu.jpg/500px-Nanjing-Mochouhu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mochou_Lake" title="Mochou Lake">Mochou Lake</a>, established as a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_garden" title="Chinese garden">garden</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_Ming_Xiaoling_2017.11.11_08-10-27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Nanjing_Ming_Xiaoling_2017.11.11_08-10-27.jpg/250px-Nanjing_Ming_Xiaoling_2017.11.11_08-10-27.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Nanjing_Ming_Xiaoling_2017.11.11_08-10-27.jpg/375px-Nanjing_Ming_Xiaoling_2017.11.11_08-10-27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Nanjing_Ming_Xiaoling_2017.11.11_08-10-27.jpg/500px-Nanjing_Ming_Xiaoling_2017.11.11_08-10-27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5431" data-file-height="3621" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ming_Xiaoling" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Xiaoling">Ming Xiaoling</a>, mausoleum of the <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After Zhu Yuanzhang (known from his <a href="/wiki/Era_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Era name">era</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a>) <a href="/wiki/Ming_conquest_of_the_Yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming conquest of the Yuan">overthrew the Yuan</a> and established the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, he renamed the city <span class="nowrap"><b>Yingtian</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant">應天</span>)</span>, rebuilt it, and made it the dynastic capital in 1368, overseeing the surrounding areas under a special administration. The Hongwu Emperor constructed a 48 km (30 mi) long <a href="/wiki/City_Wall_of_Nanjing" title="City Wall of Nanjing">city wall around Yingtian</a>, as well as a new <a href="/wiki/Ming_Palace" title="Ming Palace">Ming Palace</a> complex, and government halls.<sup id="cite_ref-ebrey_cambridge_191_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebrey_cambridge_191-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It took 200,000 laborers 21 years to finish the wall, which was intended to defend the city and its surrounding region from coastal pirates.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present-day <a href="/wiki/City_Wall_of_Nanjing" title="City Wall of Nanjing">City Wall of Nanjing</a> was mainly built during that time and today it remains in good condition and has been well preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is among the longest surviving <a href="/wiki/City_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="City wall">city walls</a> in China.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Jianwen_Emperor" title="Jianwen Emperor">Jianwen Emperor</a> ruled from Yingtian from 1398 to 1402. It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having usurped power from his nephew and uncertain of the loyalty of the region's officials, the <a href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle Emperor</a> relocated the capital in 1421 to Beijing, where he had long served as the regional governor as the Prince of <a href="/wiki/Yan_(state)" title="Yan (state)">Yan</a>. Because the new status of Yingtian was included in the Hongwu Emperor's "<a href="/wiki/Huang-Ming_Zuxun" title="Huang-Ming Zuxun">ancestral injunctions</a>" for his dynasty, however, the Yongle Emperor <a href="/wiki/Filial_piety" title="Filial piety">was obliged</a> to preserve its special status, at least in name. The "northern capital" came to be known as Beijing and the 'southern capital' as <span class="nowrap">Nanjing (<span lang="zh">南京</span>).</span> Both controlled territories "directly administered" by the emperor and his staff, <a href="/wiki/Beizhili" class="mw-redirect" title="Beizhili">Beizhili</a> in the north and <a href="/wiki/Nanzhili" title="Nanzhili">Nanzhili</a> in the south. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_WuchaoGate1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nanjing_WuchaoGate1.jpg/250px-Nanjing_WuchaoGate1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nanjing_WuchaoGate1.jpg/375px-Nanjing_WuchaoGate1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Nanjing_WuchaoGate1.jpg/500px-Nanjing_WuchaoGate1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ming_Palace" title="Ming Palace">Ming Palace</a>, the "Forbidden City of Nanjing", was home to the first two Ming emperors</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hongxi_Emperor" title="Hongxi Emperor">Hongxi Emperor</a> wanted to restore Nanjing as the sole imperial capital and undertook preparations to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-dr7-13940_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr7-13940-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 24, 1425, he appointed Admiral <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a> as the defender of Nanjing and ordered him to continue his command over the <a href="/wiki/Ming_treasure_fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming treasure fleet">Ming treasure fleet</a> for the city's defense.<sup id="cite_ref-dr7-13940_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr7-13940-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zheng He governed the city with three eunuchs for internal matters and two military noblemen for external matters, awaiting the Hongxi Emperor's return along with the military establishment from the north.<sup id="cite_ref-dr7-13940_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr7-13940-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The emperor died on May 29, 1425, before this could have taken place.<sup id="cite_ref-dr7-13940_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dr7-13940-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ch98-282-3_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch98-282-3-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The succeeding <a href="/wiki/Xuande_Emperor" title="Xuande Emperor">Xuande Emperor</a> preferred to remain in Beijing, leaving it the primary and <i>de facto</i> capital<sup id="cite_ref-ch98-282-3_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch98-282-3-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Nanjing as permanent secondary or reserve capital.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to the continuing importance of the <a href="/wiki/Huang-Ming_Zuxun" title="Huang-Ming Zuxun">ancestral injunctions</a>, however, Nanjing was designated in official documents as the actual capital and Beijing as a temporary capital from 1425 to 1441.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1441, the <a href="/wiki/Yingzong_Emperor_of_Ming" class="mw-redirect" title="Yingzong Emperor of Ming">Yingzong Emperor</a> ordered the "provisional" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">行在</span></span>) prefix removed from Beijing's government seals and further ordered that the southern imperial administration would henceforth be required to prefix "Nanjing" to their own seals to distinguish them. </p><p>Besides the city wall, other Ming-era structures in the city included the famous <a href="/wiki/Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum">Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porcelain_Tower_of_Nanjing" title="Porcelain Tower of Nanjing">Porcelain Tower</a>, although the latter was destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taipings</a> in the 19th century either to prevent a hostile faction from using it to observe and shell the city<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or from superstitious fear of its <a href="/wiki/Fengshui" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengshui">geomantic properties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the <a href="/wiki/Yangshan_Quarry" title="Yangshan Quarry">Yangshan Quarry</a> (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stele</a>, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYangLu2001616–617_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYangLu2001616–617-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the center of the empire, early-Ming Nanjing had worldwide connections. It was home of the admiral <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a>, who went to <a href="/wiki/Treasure_voyages" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasure voyages">sail the Pacific and Indian Oceans</a>, and it was visited by foreign dignitaries, such as a king from Borneo (<span lang="zh">渤泥</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Bóní</span></i>), who died during his visit to China in 1408. The <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_King_of_Boni" title="Tomb of the King of Boni">Tomb of the King of Boni</a>, with a spirit way and a <a href="/wiki/Bixi_(tortoise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bixi (tortoise)">tortoise stele</a>, was discovered in <a href="/wiki/Yuhuatai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhuatai District">Yuhuatai District</a> (south of the walled city) in 1958, and has been restored.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Southern_Ming"></span><span class="anchor" id="Capital_of_the_Southern_Ming_dynasty"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_of_the_Southern_Ming">Capital of the Southern Ming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Capital of the Southern Ming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to <a href="/wiki/Li_Zicheng" title="Li Zicheng">Li Zicheng</a>'s rebel forces and then to the <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yousong,_Prince_of_Fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Yousong, Prince of Fu">Zhu Yousong</a> was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1644 as the Hongguang Emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985346_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985346-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve1988644_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve1988644-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His short reign was described by later historians as the first reign of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ming_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ming dynasty">Southern Ming dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve1988642_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve1988642-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zhu Yousong, however, fared a lot worse than his ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang three centuries earlier. Beset by factional conflicts, his regime could not offer effective resistance to Qing forces, when the Qing army, led by the Manchu prince <a href="/wiki/Dodo_(prince)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodo (prince)">Dodo</a> approached <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a> the next spring.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve199355–56_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve199355–56-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Days after <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a> fell to the Manchus in late May 1645, the Hongguang Emperor fled Nanjing, and the imperial Ming Palace was looted by local residents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve199360–61_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve199360–61-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 6, Dodo's troops approached Nanjing, and the commander of the city's garrison, Zhao the Earl of Xincheng, promptly surrendered the city to them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve199362–63_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve199362–63-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985578_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985578-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Manchus soon ordered all male residents of the city to shave their heads in the <a href="/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)" title="Queue (hairstyle)">Manchu queue way</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985647_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985647-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve1988662_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve1988662-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They requisitioned a large section of the city for the <a href="/wiki/Eight_Banners" title="Eight Banners">bannermen</a>'s cantonment, and occupied the former imperial <a href="/wiki/Ming_Palace" title="Ming Palace">Ming Palace</a>, but otherwise the city was spared the mass murders and destruction that <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou_massacre" title="Yangzhou massacre">befell Yangzhou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve199364–65,_72_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve199364–65,_72-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%98%8E%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99%E4%B9%8B%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%AE%B5(Near_XuanWu_Gate,_NanJing_Ming_Great_Wall)_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%98%8E%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99%E4%B9%8B%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%AE%B5%28Near_XuanWu_Gate%2C_NanJing_Ming_Great_Wall%29_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%98%8E%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99%E4%B9%8B%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%AE%B5%28Near_XuanWu_Gate%2C_NanJing_Ming_Great_Wall%29_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%98%8E%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99%E4%B9%8B%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%AE%B5%28Near_XuanWu_Gate%2C_NanJing_Ming_Great_Wall%29_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%98%8E%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99%E4%B9%8B%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%AE%B5%28Near_XuanWu_Gate%2C_NanJing_Ming_Great_Wall%29_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%98%8E%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99%E4%B9%8B%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%AE%B5%28Near_XuanWu_Gate%2C_NanJing_Ming_Great_Wall%29_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%98%8E%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99%E4%B9%8B%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%AE%B5%28Near_XuanWu_Gate%2C_NanJing_Ming_Great_Wall%29_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_City_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing City Wall">Nanjing City Wall</a> near Xuanwumen Gate</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite capturing many counties in his initial attack due to surprise and having the initiative, <a href="/wiki/Koxinga" title="Koxinga">Koxinga</a> announced the final battle in Nanjing in 1659 ahead of time giving plenty of time for the Qing to prepare because he wanted a decisive, single grand showdown as his father successfully did against the Dutch at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liaoluo_Bay" title="Battle of Liaoluo Bay">Battle of Liaoluo Bay</a>, throwing away the surprise and initiative which led to its failure. Koxinga's attack on Qing held Nanjing which would interrupt the supply route of the Grand Canal leading to possible starvation in Beijing caused such fear that the Manchus (Tartares) considered returning to Manchuria (Tartary) and abandoning China according to a 1671 account by a French missionary.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commoners and officials in Beijing and Nanjing were waiting to support whichever side won. An official from Qing Beijing sent letters to family and another official in Nanjing, telling them all communication and news from Nanjing to Beijing had been cut off, that the Qing were considering abandoning Beijing and moving their capital far away to a remote location for safety since Koxinga's iron troops were rumored to be invincible. Koxinga's forces intercepted these letters and after reading them Koxinga may have started to regret his deliberate delays allowing the Qing to prepare for a final massive battle instead of swiftly attacking Nanjing.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Koxinga's Ming loyalists fought against a majority Han Chinese Bannermen Qing army when attacking Nanjing. The siege lasted almost three weeks. Koxinga's forces were unable to maintain a complete encirclement, which enabled the city to obtain supplies and even reinforcements—though cavalry attacks by the city's forces were successful even before reinforcements arrived. Koxinga's forces were defeated and "slipped back" to the ships which had brought them.<sup id="cite_ref-JR.1985_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JR.1985-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Qing"></span><span class="anchor" id="Qing_dynasty"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qing_dynasty_and_Taiping_Rebellion">Qing dynasty and Taiping Rebellion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Qing dynasty and Taiping Rebellion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanking_sive_Kiangnan_imperii_sinarum_provincia_nona_-_(tir%C3%A9_du_P._Martini)_;_J._Blaeu_excud._-_btv1b59630645.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nanking_sive_Kiangnan_imperii_sinarum_provincia_nona_-_%28tir%C3%A9_du_P._Martini%29_%3B_J._Blaeu_excud._-_btv1b59630645.jpg/250px-Nanking_sive_Kiangnan_imperii_sinarum_provincia_nona_-_%28tir%C3%A9_du_P._Martini%29_%3B_J._Blaeu_excud._-_btv1b59630645.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nanking_sive_Kiangnan_imperii_sinarum_provincia_nona_-_%28tir%C3%A9_du_P._Martini%29_%3B_J._Blaeu_excud._-_btv1b59630645.jpg/500px-Nanking_sive_Kiangnan_imperii_sinarum_provincia_nona_-_%28tir%C3%A9_du_P._Martini%29_%3B_J._Blaeu_excud._-_btv1b59630645.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="6088" data-file-height="5056" /></a><figcaption><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Nanking sive Kiangnan</i></span> ("Nanjing or Jiangnan"), the 9th provincial map of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Empire">Chinese Empire</a> in <a href="/wiki/Martino_Martini" title="Martino Martini">Martino Martini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joan_Blaeu" title="Joan Blaeu">Joan Blaeu</a>'s 1655 <span class="nowrap"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Novus_Atlas_Sinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Novus Atlas Sinensis">Novus Atlas Sinensis</a></i></span></span> <span class="nowrap">("New Chinese Atlas").</span> Under the <a href="/wiki/Qing_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Empire">Qing</a>, Nanjing continued to oversee the territory of Ming <a href="/wiki/Nanzhili" title="Nanzhili">Nanzhili</a> as <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_Province" title="Jiangnan Province">Jiangnan</a> until its division into the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> from 1645 to 1911, Nanjing returned to its previous name <b>Jiangning</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first, it continued to administer the territory of Nanzhili under the name <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_Province" title="Jiangnan Province">Jiangnan</a> ("Area South of the Yangtze") but this administration was soon broken up into "Right" and "Left" governments based in Suzhou and Jiangning respectively. After a series of reorganizations, at some point under the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong Emperor</a>, Jiangnan was fully divided into the present provinces of <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> and Jiangsu. Separately, however, these provinces were reunited under the supervision of a new <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_Liangjiang" title="Viceroy of Liangjiang">Viceroy of Liangjiang</a> after 1723, whose seat was based in Jiangning.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the site of a <a href="/wiki/Qing_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Army">Qing Army</a> garrison.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had been visited by the <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong</a> emperors a number of times on their tours of the southern provinces. The 1842 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nanking" title="Treaty of Nanking">Treaty of Nanking</a>, which put an end to the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a>, was signed in the city harbor on <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> warships. </p><p>As the capital of the brief-lived rebel <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Heavenly_Kingdom" title="Taiping Heavenly Kingdom">Taiping Heavenly Kingdom</a> in the mid-19th century, Nanjing was known as <b>Tianjing</b> (<span lang="zh">天京</span>; 'Heavenly Capital" or "Capital of Heaven'). The <a href="/wiki/Taiping_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiping rebellion">rebellion</a> destroyed most of the former Ming imperial buildings in the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Porcelain_Tower_of_Nanjing" title="Porcelain Tower of Nanjing">Porcelain Tower</a>, considered up to that time as one of the wonders of the world. Both the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Building_(Nanjing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Building (Nanjing)">Presidential Palace</a>. When Qing forces led by <a href="/wiki/Zeng_Guofan" title="Zeng Guofan">Zeng Guofan</a> retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the Taiping Rebellion began, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was one of two historically significant instances of systematic civilian massacres in Nanjing, the other one was the Houjing Disturbance of the 6th century.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The New York Methodist Mission Society's superintendent Virgil Hart arrived in Nanjing in 1881. After some time, he succeeded in buying land near the city's Southern Gate and Confucian Temple to build the city's first Methodist church, Western hospital and boys' school. The hospital would later be unified with the Drum Tower Hospital and the boys' school would be expanded by later missionaries to become the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nanking" title="University of Nanking">University of Nanking</a> and Medical School. The old mission property became the No. 13 Middle School, the oldest continually-used school grounds in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_of_the_Republic_and_Nanjing_Massacre">Capital of the Republic and Nanjing Massacre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Capital of the Republic and Nanjing Massacre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nanking" title="Battle of Nanking">Battle of Nanking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Government_of_the_R.O.C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/National_Government_of_the_R.O.C.jpg/220px-National_Government_of_the_R.O.C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/National_Government_of_the_R.O.C.jpg/330px-National_Government_of_the_R.O.C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/National_Government_of_the_R.O.C.jpg/440px-National_Government_of_the_R.O.C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1323" data-file-height="884" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Building_(Nanjing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Building (Nanjing)">Presidential Palace</a> of the National Government of the Republic of China in Nanjing, 1927</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</a> led to the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%9349)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912–49)">Republic of China</a> in January 1912 with <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> as the first provisional president and Nanjing was selected as its new capital.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north, so the revolutionaries asked <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> to replace Sun as president in exchange for the abdication of <a href="/wiki/Puyi" title="Puyi">Puyi</a>, the last emperor. Yuan demanded the capital be moved to Beijing (closer to his power base).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1927, the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (KMT; Nationalist Party) under Generalissimo <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> again established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China, and this became internationally recognized once KMT forces took Beijing in 1928. The following decade is known as the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_decade" title="Nanjing decade">Nanjing decade</a>. During this decade, Nanjing was of symbolic and strategic importance. The Ming dynasty had made Nanjing a capital, the republic had been established there in 1912, and <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>'s provisional government had been there.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Sun's body was brought and placed in a <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum" title="Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum">grand mausoleum</a> to cement Chiang's legitimacy. Chiang was born in the neighboring province of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> and the general area had strong popular support for him.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crossing_river_by_Gate_of_China01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crossing_river_by_Gate_of_China01.jpg/220px-Crossing_river_by_Gate_of_China01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crossing_river_by_Gate_of_China01.jpg/330px-Crossing_river_by_Gate_of_China01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crossing_river_by_Gate_of_China01.jpg/440px-Crossing_river_by_Gate_of_China01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1497" data-file-height="1444" /></a><figcaption>Japanese soldiers entering the walled city of Nanjing through the <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_China,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gate of China, Nanjing">Gate of China</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1927, the Nationalist government proposed a comprehensive planning proposal, the Capital Plan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">首都計劃</span></span>), to reconstruct the war-torn city of Nanjing into a modern capital.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It was a decade of extraordinary growth with an enormous amount of construction. A lot of government buildings, residential houses, and modern public infrastructures were built. During this boom, Nanjing reputedly became one of the most modern cities in China.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1937, the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> (often considered a theater of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a> (the "Rape of Nanjing").<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total death toll, including estimates made by the <a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_War_Crimes_Tribunal" title="Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal">Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal</a> after the atomic bombings, was between 300,000 and 350,000.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city itself was also severely damaged during the massacre.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre_Memorial_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall">Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall</a> was built in 1985 to commemorate this event. </p><p>A few days before the fall of the city, the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> and resumed Chinese resistance. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "<a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Jingwei Government">Nanjing Regime</a>" or "Reorganized National Government of China" led by <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a> was established in Nanjing as a rival to <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>'s government in Chongqing.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1946, after the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a>, the KMT relocated its central government back to Nanjing. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg/220px-Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg/330px-Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg/440px-Hall_of_Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum" title="Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum">Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum</a> is the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>, the first president of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_Civil_War_and_People's_Republic"><span id="Chinese_Civil_War_and_People.27s_Republic"></span>Chinese Civil War and People's Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Chinese Civil War and People's Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Crossing_campaign" title="Yangtze River Crossing campaign">Yangtze River Crossing campaign</a></div> <p>In April 1949, Communist forces crossed the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a> and the Communist <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> (PLA) captured Nanjing.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KMT government retreated to Canton (<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>) until October 15, Chongqing until November 25, and then <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> before retreating to the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">island of Taiwan</a> on December 10 where <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> was proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Temporary_capital" title="Temporary capital">temporary capital</a> of the Republic of China. By late 1949, the PLA was pursuing remnants of KMT forces southwards in southern China, and only <a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%9351)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibet (1912–51)">Tibet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hainan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainan Island">Hainan Island</a> were left. </p><p>After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in October 1949, Nanjing was initially a <a href="/wiki/Province-level_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Province-level municipality">province-level municipality</a>, but it was soon merged into Jiangsu and again became the provincial capital by replacing <a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a> which was transferred in 1928, and retains that status to this day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3765" /></a><figcaption>Map including Nanjing (labeled as <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南京</span></span> NAN-CHING (NANKING) (Walled)) (<a href="/wiki/Army_Map_Service" title="Army Map Service">AMS</a>, 1955)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16-back_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16-back_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16-back_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16-back_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16-back_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16-back_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-16-back_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2462" data-file-height="2860" /></a><figcaption>Map of Nanjing (labeled as <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南京</span></span> NAN-CHING (NANKING))</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_Area_-_Lower_Yangtse_Valley_%26_Eastern_China_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nanjing_Area_-_Lower_Yangtse_Valley_%26_Eastern_China_Map.jpg/220px-Nanjing_Area_-_Lower_Yangtse_Valley_%26_Eastern_China_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nanjing_Area_-_Lower_Yangtse_Valley_%26_Eastern_China_Map.jpg/330px-Nanjing_Area_-_Lower_Yangtse_Valley_%26_Eastern_China_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Nanjing_Area_-_Lower_Yangtse_Valley_%26_Eastern_China_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Nanjing Region – Lower Yangtze Basin and Eastern China.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 km<sup>2</sup> (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the heartland of the <a href="/wiki/Drainage_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Drainage area">drainage area</a> of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and in the Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China. The Yangtze River flows past the west side and then the north side of Nanjing City, while the Ningzheng Ridge surrounds the north, east and south sides of the city. The city is 650 km (400 mi) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, 900 km (560 mi) south-southeast of Beijing, 270 km (170 mi) west-northwest of Shanghai, and 1,200 km (750 mi) east-northeast of Chongqing. The Yangtze flows downstream from <a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a>, Jiangxi, through <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> and Jiangsu to the East China Sea. The northern part of the lower Yangtze drainage basin is the <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a> basin and the southern part is the <a href="/wiki/Zhe_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhe River">Zhe River</a> basin; they are connected by the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a> east of Nanjing. The area around Nanjing is called Xiajiang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">下江</span></span>, Downstream River) region, with <a href="/wiki/Jianghuai" title="Jianghuai">Jianghuai</a> dominant in the northern part and <a href="/wiki/Wu_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu (region)">Jiangzhe</a> dominant in the southern part.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is also well known as Dongnan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">东南</span></span>, South East, the Southeast) and <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">江南</span></span>, and River South, South of Yangtze).<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nanjing borders <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a> to the northeast; <a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a> to the east; and <a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a> to the southeast. On its western boundary is Anhui, where Nanjing borders five prefecture-level cities: <a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a> to the southwest.<sup id="cite_ref-市志_市域_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-市志_市域-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_and_environment">Climate and environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate and environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th> Nanjing </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.908em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">45</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:7.86em;height:1.58em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.44em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">7</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.36em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−1</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.06em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">53</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.28em;height:1.62em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">10</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.78em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">1</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.592em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">80</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.06em;height:1.78em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.84em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.56em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">5</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.606em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">80</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.2em;height:1.94em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.8em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">90</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.3em;height:1.94em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.24em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.324em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">166</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.2em;height:1.62em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.82em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">29</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.286em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">214</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.98em;height:1.46em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.44em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.48em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.876em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">144</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.88em;height:1.46em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.34em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.38em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">24</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.458em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">73</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.98em;height:1.56em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.54em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">28</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.48em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">20</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.194em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">60</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.72em;height:1.78em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">23</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.22em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.118em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">56</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.36em;height:1.88em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.24em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">16</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.86em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">7</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.59em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">30</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.22em;height:1.76em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.98em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">10</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.72em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">1</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: CMA<sup id="cite_ref-CMA_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMA-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.908em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:7.86em;height:1.58em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.44em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">45</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.36em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">31</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.06em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.28em;height:1.62em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">49</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.78em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">35</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.592em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.06em;height:1.78em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.84em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">58</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.56em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">42</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.606em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.2em;height:1.94em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">69</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">52</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.8em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.3em;height:1.94em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.24em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">79</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">62</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.324em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">6.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.2em;height:1.62em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.82em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">84</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">70</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.286em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">8.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.98em;height:1.46em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.44em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">90</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.48em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.876em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">5.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.88em;height:1.46em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.34em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">89</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.38em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">76</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.458em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.98em;height:1.56em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.54em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">82</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.48em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">68</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.194em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.72em;height:1.78em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">73</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.22em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">56</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.118em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.36em;height:1.88em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.24em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">61</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.86em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">44</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.59em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.22em;height:1.76em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.98em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">50</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.72em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">34</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nanjing has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cfa</i>) and is influenced by the East Asian <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a>. The four seasons are distinct, with damp conditions seen throughout the year, very hot and muggy summers, cold, damp winters, and in between, spring and autumn are of reasonable length. Along with <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Nanjing is traditionally referred to as one of the "<a href="/wiki/Three_Furnaces" title="Three Furnaces">Three Furnaces</a>" along the Yangtze River for the perennially high temperatures in the summertime.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the time from mid-June to the end of July is the <a href="/wiki/Plum_blossom" class="mw-redirect" title="Plum blossom">plum blossom</a> blooming season in which the <i><a href="/wiki/Meiyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiyu">meiyu</a></i> (rainy season of East Asia; literally "plum rain") occurs, during which the city experiences a period of mild rain as well as dampness. The northeast wind prevails in winter. </p><p>Despite being called one of the "Three Furnances", Nanjing has a cold climate for its latitude. Nanjing's winter temperatures are similar or lower that those of London, and Nanjing's January is 2°C colder to London's January, despite the fact that Nanjing is on 32°N and London is on 51°N. Comparing to the East coast of USA which has the same humid subtropical climate, Nanjing's winter is 6°C colder than the winter of Savannah, Georgia. The average temperatures of Nanjing are also 3°C lower than those of Savannah (notice that Savannah is in the same 32°N latitude as Nanjing). </p><p>The average temperature in January is 3.1 °C (37.6 °F), and the extreme daily minimum temperature is −14.0 °C (6.8 °F), which occurred on January 6, 1955. The southeast wind prevails in summer, with an average temperature of 28.4 °C (83.1 °F) in July and an extreme daily maximum temperature of 43.0 °C (109.4 °F), which occurred on July 13, 1934. The number of precipitation days greater than 0.1 mm was 113 days, and the extreme maximum annual precipitation days were 160 days in 1957. The average annual precipitation is 1,144 mm (45.0 in). </p><p>Typhoons are uncommon but possible in the late stages of summer and early part of autumn. The annual mean temperature is around 16.4 °C (61.5 °F), with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from 3.1 °C (37.6 °F) in January to 28.4 °C (83.1 °F) in July. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −14.0 °C (7 °F) on January 6, 1955, to 40.7 °C (105 °F) on August 22, 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average precipitation falls 113 days out of the year, and the average annual rainfall is 1,144 mm (45 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 37 percent in June to 48 percent in August and October, the city receives 1,932 hours of bright sunshine annually. Nanjing is endowed with rich natural resources, which include more than 40 kinds of minerals. Among them, iron and <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> reserves make up 40 percent of those of Jiangsu province. Its reserves of <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">strontium</a> rank first in East Asia and the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> region. Nanjing also possesses abundant water resources, both from the Yangtze River and groundwater. In addition, it has several natural hot springs such as Tangshan Hot Spring in <a href="/wiki/Jiangning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangning District">Jiangning</a> and Tangquan Hot Spring in <a href="/wiki/Pukou" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukou">Pukou</a>. </p><p> Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are located in the center of the city and are easily accessible to the public, while Purple Mountain is covered with deciduous and coniferous forests preserving various historical and cultural sites. Meanwhile, a Yangtze River deep-water channel is under construction to enable Nanjing to handle the navigation of 50,000 <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">DWT</a> vessels from the East China Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Nanjing, elevation 35 m (115 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.7<br />(105.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.7<br />(105.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.0<br />(6.8) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.0<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.1<br />(19.2) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.1<br />(8.4) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−14.0<br />(6.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.2<br />(1.98) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.5<br />(2.11) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.7<br />(3.14) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.4<br />(3.24) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.8<br />(3.30) </td> <td style="background: #00D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.4<br />(7.61) </td> <td style="background: #00AC00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">226.8<br />(8.93) </td> <td style="background: #12FF12; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.5<br />(6.24) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.9<br />(2.87) </td> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.5<br />(2.19) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.3<br />(2.06) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(1.38) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,144<br />(45.05) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">112.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B6B65C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.2 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.5 </td> <td style="background: #C5C504; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.2 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180.6 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190.4 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.4 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.4 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197.6 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.6 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.4 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.1 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,932.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percentage <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: China Meteorological Administration<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CMA_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMA-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1074px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E6%B9%96%E6%9C%9B%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of central Nanjing from Xuanwu Lake which is located to the northeast of the walled city in 2010"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E6%B9%96%E6%9C%9B%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg/1064px-%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E6%B9%96%E6%9C%9B%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="1064" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E6%B9%96%E6%9C%9B%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg/1596px-%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E6%B9%96%E6%9C%9B%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E6%B9%96%E6%9C%9B%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg/2128px-%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E6%B9%96%E6%9C%9B%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7246" data-file-height="1703" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E6%B9%96%E6%9C%9B%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg" title="File:玄武湖望南京天际线 - panoramio.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A panoramic view of central Nanjing from <a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_Lake" title="Xuanwu Lake">Xuanwu Lake</a> which is located to the northeast of the walled city in 2010</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Environmental issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinahaze_tmo_2013341_lrg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Chinahaze_tmo_2013341_lrg.jpg/220px-Chinahaze_tmo_2013341_lrg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Chinahaze_tmo_2013341_lrg.jpg/330px-Chinahaze_tmo_2013341_lrg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Chinahaze_tmo_2013341_lrg.jpg/440px-Chinahaze_tmo_2013341_lrg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="5400" /></a><figcaption>December 7, 2013, image from <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s Terra Satellite of the Eastern China smog</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2013_Eastern_China_smog" title="2013 Eastern China smog">2013 Eastern China smog</a></div> <p>A dense wave of smog began in the <a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">central</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">east</a> parts of China on December 2, 2013, across a distance of around 1,200 km (750 mi),<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai and Zhejiang. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving <a href="/wiki/Air_mass" title="Air mass">air masses</a> carrying industrial emissions, collected <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">airborne pollutants</a> to form a thick layer of smog over the region.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The heavy smog heavily polluted central and southern Jiangsu Province, especially in and around Nanjing,<sup id="cite_ref-wylww_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wylww-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with its <a href="/wiki/Air_quality_index" title="Air quality index">AQI pollution Index</a> at "severely polluted" for five straight days and "heavily polluted" for nine.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, and coal-powered <a href="/wiki/District_heating" title="District heating">district heating</a> system in north China.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">SO<sub>2</sub></a>) towards China's east coast.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soil">Soil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Soil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are mainly two types of soil in Nanjing: zonal soil and cultivated soil. The zonal soil is yellow-brown soil in the northern and central areas of Nanjing, and red soil in the southern part of the border with Anhui. The cultivated soil formed by human-made farming is mainly paddy soil, and there are some yellow Gang soil and vegetable garden soil. The distribution of soil presents a certain law with the undulation of topography and hydrological conditions, which can be divided into three categories: low mountain and hilly area, hilly area and plain area. According to the second national soil survey from 1980 to 1987, the soil in Nanjing is divided into 7 soil types, 13 subtypes, 30 soil genera and 66 soil species, with a total area of 416,300 hectares. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_panorama_of_Nanjing_South_and_the_Qinhuai_River._December_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Aerial_panorama_of_Nanjing_South_and_the_Qinhuai_River._December_2023.jpg/220px-Aerial_panorama_of_Nanjing_South_and_the_Qinhuai_River._December_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Aerial_panorama_of_Nanjing_South_and_the_Qinhuai_River._December_2023.jpg/330px-Aerial_panorama_of_Nanjing_South_and_the_Qinhuai_River._December_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Aerial_panorama_of_Nanjing_South_and_the_Qinhuai_River._December_2023.jpg/440px-Aerial_panorama_of_Nanjing_South_and_the_Qinhuai_River._December_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="3284" /></a><figcaption>Aerial panorama of Fuzimiao and the Qinhuai River. December 2023.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nanjing is located at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River runs diagonally across the city from southwest to northeast. It is about 93 kilometers long and more than 300 kilometers away from the sea entrance. The Qinhuai River rushes from south to north, passes through the main urban area, and joins the Yangtze River. It is known as the mother river of Nanjing. Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are like two pearls embedded in the main city. The water area of the city now accounts for about 11%. The river and lake water system mainly belongs to the Yangtze River system, and only the rivers that flow into Gaoyou Lake and Baoying Lake in the northern part of Liuhe District belong to the Huai River system. The Yangtze River system includes the Qinhuai River system in the south of the Yangtze River, the Chuhe River system in the north of the Yangtze River, the riverside system formed by small rivers that flow into the river on both sides of the river, the two lakes system composed of Shijiu Lake and Gucheng Lake, and the West Taihu Lake system in the east of Gaochun. The groundwater resources are abundant and the water quality is excellent, and the Pukou Pearl Spring is particularly famous. Jiangning Tangshan and Pukou Tangquan are hot spring areas with a long history. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Nanjing" title="Port of Nanjing">Port of Nanjing</a> is the largest inland port in China, with annual cargo tonnage reached 191,970,000 t in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The port area is 98 km (61 mi) in length and has 64 berths including 16 berths for ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanjing is also the biggest container port along the Yangtze River; in March 2004, the one million container-capacity base, Longtan Containers Port Area opened, further consolidating Nanjing as the leading port in the region. As of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it operated six public ports and three industrial ports.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Yangtze River's 12.5-meter-deep waterway enables 50,000-ton-class ocean ships directly arrive at the Nanjing Port, and the ocean ships with the capacities of 100,000 tons or above can also reach the port after load reduction in the Yangtze River's high-tide period.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/CSC_Jinling" title="CSC Jinling">CSC Jinling</a> has a large shipyard.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal_and_plant_resources">Animal and plant resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Animal and plant resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nanjing is one of the regions with abundant plant resources and a wide variety of plants in China. The vegetation types are complex, including 7 types of natural vegetation including coniferous forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest, shrub, grass and aquatic vegetation. Cultivated vegetation includes field crops, vegetable crops, and economic forests, orchards and green belts. Plant species, there are 1061 species of vascular plants, accounting for 64.7% of the total in Jiangsu Province. Seven species such as Sphaerocarpus sinensis, Chinese Allium chinense, Ming Codonopsis, and Pterocarpus sinensis are national key protected rare and endangered plants. The city's forest coverage rate is 27.1%. Among wild animals, there are 795 species of insects belonging to 125 families of 11 orders. There are 99 species of fish belonging to 22 families and 12 orders. There are 327 species of terrestrial wild vertebrates, belonging to 29 orders and 90 families. 243 species of birds belong to 56 families of 17 orders. 47 species of mammals belong to 8 orders and 22 families. Among all animal species, 9 species of wild animals under national first-level protection, such as the Oriental White Crane and White Shoulder Eagle, 65 species of wild animals under the second-level protection, such as the little swan, Chinese tiger and swallowtail, and finless porpoise, and 125 key protected animals in Jiangsu Province Species, 35 species of endangered animals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yangtze_River_crossings">Yangtze River crossings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Yangtze River crossings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_bridges_and_tunnels" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River bridges and tunnels">Yangtze River bridges and tunnels</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NJ_3rd_Bridge-edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NJ_3rd_Bridge-edit.jpg/220px-NJ_3rd_Bridge-edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NJ_3rd_Bridge-edit.jpg/330px-NJ_3rd_Bridge-edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/NJ_3rd_Bridge-edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption>Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1960s, the first <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge" title="Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge">Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge</a> was completed, and served as the only bridge crossing over the Lower Yangtze in eastern China at that time. The bridge was a source of pride and an important symbol of modern China, having been built and designed by the Chinese themselves following failed surveys by other nations and the reliance on and then rejection of Soviet expertise. Begun in 1960 and opened to traffic in 1968, the bridge is a two-tiered road and rail design spanning 4,600 m (15,100 ft) on the upper deck, with approximately 1,580 m (5,180 ft) spanning the river itself. Since then four more bridges and four tunnels have been built. Going in the downstream direction, the Yangtze crossings in Nanjing are: <a href="/wiki/Dashengguan_Yangtze_River_Bridge" title="Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge">Dashengguan Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Nanjing_Yangtze_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge">Third Bridge</a>, Fifth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel">Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">南京长江隧道</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Line_10,_Nanjing_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 10, Nanjing Metro">Line 10 Metro Tunnel</a>, Nanjing Yangtze Tunnel (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">南京扬子江隧道</span></span>), First Bridge, Yanziji Yangtze River Tunnel,<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Second_Nanjing_Yangtze_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Nanjing Yangtze Bridge">Nanjing Baguazhou Yangtze River Bridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Nanjing_Yangtze_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Nanjing Yangtze Bridge">Nanjing Qixiashan Yangtze River Bridge</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mineral_resources">Mineral resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Mineral resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nanjing is rich in mineral resources. The discovered minerals mainly include 41 types of iron, copper, lead, zinc, strontium, ferrosulfide, dolomite, limestone, gypsum, and clay, among which 23 are of proven reserves and 20 are of industrial mining value. There are more than 10 kinds being mined. The quality and reserves of strontium ore (celestite) rank first in the country. The reserves of copper and lead-zinc ore account for more than 90% of the province, iron ore accounts for 89% of the province, and limestone, dolomite, and attapulgite clay mines are in the whole province. Province occupies an important position. Nanjing's minerals are mainly concentrated in 4 metallogenic belts, namely Jiangpu-Liuhe iron and copper metallogenic belt, Ningzhen iron, copper, and sulfur polymetallic metallogenic belt, Ningwu iron, copper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wumiao_Kaoshiyuan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wumiao_Kaoshiyuan.JPG/250px-Wumiao_Kaoshiyuan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wumiao_Kaoshiyuan.JPG/330px-Wumiao_Kaoshiyuan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Wumiao_Kaoshiyuan.JPG/500px-Wumiao_Kaoshiyuan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>People's Government of Nanjing City</figcaption></figure> <p>At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is "People's Government of Nanjing City" and the city is under the one-party rule of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">CPC</a>, with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=CPC_Nanjing_Committee_Secretary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary (page does not exist)">CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary</a> as the <i>de facto</i> governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sub-provincial city of Nanjing is divided into 11 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center;">Map </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Subdivision </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Chinese </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Hanyu Pinyin </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Population <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-citypop_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypop-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Area <span style="font-size:85%;">(km<sup>2</sup>)</span> </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Density <span style="font-size:85%;">(/km<sup>2</sup>)</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="16" style="background:#fff;"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 360px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Administrative_Division_Nanjing.png/500px-Administrative_Division_Nanjing.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="650" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Administrative_Division_Nanjing.png/960px-Administrative_Division_Nanjing.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="2600" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:181.5px; top:247px"><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_District,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuanwu District, Nanjing"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Xuanwu</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:174px; top:272px"><a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinhuai District"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Qinhuai</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:126.5px; top:277px"><a href="/wiki/Jianye_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianye District">Jianye</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:141.5px; top:242px"><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Nanjing"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Gulou</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:74px; top:247px"><a href="/wiki/Pukou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukou District"><b>Pukou</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:226.5px; top:217px"><a href="/wiki/Qixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qixia District"><b>Qixia</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:114px; top:308.25px"><a href="/wiki/Yuhuatai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhuatai District"><b>Yuhuatai</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:171.5px; top:342px"><a href="/wiki/Jiangning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangning District"><b>Jiangning</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:189px; top:97px"><a href="/wiki/Luhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luhe District"><b>Luhe</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:269px; top:467px"><a href="/wiki/Lishui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lishui District"><b>Lishui</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:236.5px; top:594.5px"><a href="/wiki/Gaochun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaochun District"><b>Gaochun</b></a></div> </div> </div> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#d3d3d3;"> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"><b>City Proper</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_District,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuanwu District, Nanjing">Xuanwu District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">玄武区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xuánwǔ Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">537,825 </td> <td align="right">75.21 </td> <td align="right">7,151 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinhuai District">Qinhuai District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">秦淮区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Qínhuái Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">740,809 </td> <td align="right">49.15 </td> <td align="right">15,072 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jianye_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianye District">Jianye District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">建邺区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jiànyè Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">534,257 </td> <td align="right">80.94 </td> <td align="right">6,601 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Nanjing">Gulou District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">鼓楼区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Gǔlóu Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">940,387 </td> <td align="right">53.87 </td> <td align="right">17,457 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qixia District">Qixia District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">栖霞区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Qīxiá Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">987,835 </td> <td align="right">390.0 </td> <td align="right">2,533 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuhuatai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhuatai District">Yuhuatai District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">雨花台区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yǔhuātái Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">608,780 </td> <td align="right">133.2 </td> <td align="right">4,570 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#d3d3d3;"> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"><b>Suburban</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pukou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukou District">Pukou District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">浦口区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Pǔkǒu Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">1,171,603 </td> <td align="right">902.7 </td> <td align="right">1,298 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiangning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangning District">Jiangning District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">江宁区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jiāngníng Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">1,926,117 </td> <td align="right">1,564 </td> <td align="right">1,232 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luhe District">Luhe District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">六合区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Lùhé Qū</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">946,563 </td> <td align="right">1,481 </td> <td align="right">639.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lishui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lishui District">Lishui District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">溧水区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Lìshuǐ Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">491,336 </td> <td align="right">1,068 </td> <td align="right">460.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaochun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaochun District">Gaochun District</a> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">高淳区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Gāochún Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="right">429,173 </td> <td align="right">791.8 </td> <td align="right">542.0 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#d3d3d3;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><b>Total</b> </td> <td align="right"><b>9,314,685</b> </td> <td align="right"><b>6,590</b> </td> <td align="right"><b>1,413</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;">Defunct districts: <a href="/wiki/Baixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Baixia District">Baixia District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xiaguan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiaguan District">Xiaguan District</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Population_of_Nanjing_in_December_of_1937" title="Population of Nanjing in December of 1937">Population of Nanjing in December of 1937</a></div> <table border="1" align="right;" style="float:right; margin: 1em;border-collapse:collapse;"> <caption><b>Population trend</b><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Year </th> <th style="background:#efefef; width:80px;">Residents (in million) </th> <th style="background:#efefef; width:100px;">natural growth rate (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1949</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.5670</td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.5670</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.8034</td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.2259</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.4529</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.58 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.6053</td> <td style="text-align:right;">20.76 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.9299</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.53 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.1238</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.0182</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.18 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <table> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Year </th> <th style="background:#efefef; width:80px;">Residents (in million) </th> <th style="background:#efefef; width:100px;">natural growth rate (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1995</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.2172</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.2543</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.63 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.2982</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.3231</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.3744</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.4489</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.5304</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.6328</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.7223</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.0700</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.11 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/2010_PRC_census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 PRC census">2010 census</a>, the total population of the City of Nanjing was 8.005 million. The <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> estimated the encompassing <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> at the time as 11.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-oecd2015_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oecd2015-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Official statistics in 2011 estimated the city's population to be 8.11 million. The <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> was 8.86 percent and the <a href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">death rate</a> was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The <a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">sex ratio</a> of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As in most of eastern China, the official ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Han_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Han nationality">Han nationality</a> (98.56 percent), with 50 other <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">official ethnic groups</a>. In 1999, 77,394 residents belonged to officially defined minorities, among which the vast majority (64,832) were <a href="/wiki/Hui_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Hui Chinese">Hui</a>, contributing 83.76 percent to the minority population. The second and third largest minority groups were <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a> (2,311) and <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a> (533). Most of the minority nationalities resided in Jianye District, comprising 9.13 percent of the district's population.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_dialect" title="Nanjing dialect">Nanjing Mandarin</a> is spoken in most parts of Nanjing, while <a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu Chinese</a> is spoken in most of the Gaochun District and the southern part of Lishui District. Nanjing dialect has been the official language of China for a long time in history. Jinling Yayan was established as the standard pronunciation of Chinese as an orthodox traditional Chinese dialect in the ancient Central Plains. </p><p>In July 2017, the Ministry of Education and the National Language Commission held a press conference, and the penetration rate of Mandarin has reached 73%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nanjing has four major religions: <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Nanjing is one of the earliest areas in China to spread Buddhist culture. The "480 Temples in the Southern Dynasties" has become the center of Chinese Buddhist culture and the ancestral home of the Sanlunzong, Niutouzong, Fayanzong, and other Buddhist sects. Nanjing is also the place for the revival of modern Chinese Buddhist culture. The Jinling Carved Scriptures integrates Buddhist publishing, dissemination, and research. It is still the world's unparalleled Chinese Buddhist scripture publishing and circulation center. The engraving and printing skills are included in the world's intangible cultural heritage of humanity. Ancient famous temples such as Jianchu Temple, Qixia Temple, <a href="/wiki/Waguan_Temple" title="Waguan Temple">Waguan Temple</a>, Qingliang Temple, Jiming Temple, Dabaoen Temple, etc. were revived. Nanjing Taoism has a long history and occupies an important position in the history of Chinese Taoism.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The spread of Catholicism in Nanjing began more than 400 years ago and was started by the scientist and missionary <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci">Matteo Ricci</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Shigu Road Catholic Church is the cathedral of the Catholic Diocese of Nanjing. The Nanjing Diocese with Nanjing as its center covers a vast area. As one of the national centers of Christianity in China, Nanjing has two seminaries, Jinling Theological Seminary and Jiangsu Theological Seminary. The Christian social service organization, Amity Foundation and the world's largest Bible printing company, Amity Printing Company are both in Nanjing. </p><p>Nanjing is the birthplace of the Islamic "Renaissance" and has an important influence on the development of Chinese Islamic culture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naning_city_centre_05.1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Naning_city_centre_05.1987.jpg/250px-Naning_city_centre_05.1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Naning_city_centre_05.1987.jpg/330px-Naning_city_centre_05.1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Naning_city_centre_05.1987.jpg/500px-Naning_city_centre_05.1987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3262" data-file-height="2143" /></a><figcaption>Nanjing city centre in May 1987</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zifeng_Tower_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Zifeng_Tower_2017.jpg/200px-Zifeng_Tower_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Zifeng_Tower_2017.jpg/300px-Zifeng_Tower_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Zifeng_Tower_2017.jpg/400px-Zifeng_Tower_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Zifeng_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Zifeng Tower">Nanjing Zifeng Tower</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Purple_Mountain_(Nanjing)" title="Purple Mountain (Nanjing)">Purple Mountain</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>The current economy of the city, is dominated by the service industries, accounting for about 60 percent of the GDP of the city, and financial industry, culture industry and tourism industry are the top three. Industries of information technology, energy saving and environmental protection, new energy, smart power grid and intelligent equipment manufacturing have become the pillar of the industries.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Big <a href="/wiki/Civilian-run_enterprise" title="Civilian-run enterprise">civilian-run enterprise</a> include <a href="/wiki/Suning.com" title="Suning.com">Suning Commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yurun" class="mw-redirect" title="Yurun">Yurun</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanpower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanpower (page does not exist)">Sanpower</a>, Fuzhong, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiteker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiteker (page does not exist)">Hiteker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=5stars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5stars (page does not exist)">5stars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinpu" title="Jinpu">Jinpu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiandi">Tiandi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CTTQ_Pharmaceutical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CTTQ Pharmaceutical (page does not exist)">CTTQ Pharmaceutical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Iron_and_Steel_Company" title="Nanjing Iron and Steel Company">Nanjing Iron and Steel Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simcere_Pharmaceutical" title="Simcere Pharmaceutical">Simcere Pharmaceutical</a>. Big state-owned firms include <a href="/wiki/Panda_Electronics" title="Panda Electronics">Panda Electronics</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangzi_Petrochemical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangzi Petrochemical (page does not exist)">Yangzi Petrochemical</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinling_Petrochemical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinling Petrochemical (page does not exist)">Jinling Petrochemical</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Chemical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Chemical (page does not exist)">Nanjing Chemical</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jincheng_Motors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jincheng Motors (page does not exist)">Jincheng Motors</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinling_Pharmaceutical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinling Pharmaceutical (page does not exist)">Jinling Pharmaceutical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenguang" title="Chenguang">Chenguang</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=NARI_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NARI Group (page does not exist)">NARI</a>. The city has also attracted foreign investments. <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">Multinational firms</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iveco" title="Iveco">Iveco</a>, <a href="/wiki/A.O._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="A.O. Smith">A.O. Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a> have established their offices, and a number of multinationals such as <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucent" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucent">Lucent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> and <a href="/wiki/SAP_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP SE">SAP</a> have established research center here. Many China-based leading firms such as <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZTE" title="ZTE">ZTE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> have key R&D institutes in the city. Nanjing is an industrial technology research and development hub, hosting many R&D centers and institutions, especially in areas of electronics technology, information technology, computer software, biotechnology and pharmaceutical technology and new material technology. </p><p>In recent years, Nanjing has been developing its economy, commerce, industry, as well as city construction. In 2013 the city's GDP was RMB 801 billion (3rd in Jiangsu), and GDP per capita (current price) was RMB 98,174(US$16041), an 11 percent increase from 2012. The average urban resident's <a href="/wiki/Disposable_income" title="Disposable income">disposable income</a> was RMB 36,200, while the average rural resident's net income was RMB 14,513. The registered urban <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment rate">unemployment rate</a> was 3.02 percent, lower than the national average (4.3 percent). Nanjing's Gross Domestic Product ranked 12th in 2013 in China, and its overall competence ranked 6th in mainland and 8th including Taiwan and Hong Kong in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, Nanjing ranked sixth in China's Economic Center Positioning Index, after Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Tianjin. In 2008, the Headquarters Economy Development Capacity ranked the city fifth in China, behind Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. In 2014 China's regional central cities (excluding Beijing and Shanghai) competitiveness evaluation, Nanjing was second only to Shenzhen and Guangzhou. In 2015, Nanjing ranked fifth in China's investment attractive cities, closely following Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. In August 2020, Nanjing ranked among China's top ten GDP in the first half of the year. In 2019, Nanjing's GDP was 1403,015 billion yuan, ranking 11th in the country, an increase of 7.8% over the previous year. The per capita GDP is 152,886 yuan, ranking second in China's municipalities, sub-provincial cities and provincial capitals, second only to Shenzhen, and the provincial capital ranking first. In 2021, Nanjing's GDP reached 1,6355.32 billion yuan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_industry">Primary industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Primary industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nanjing is one of China's important agricultural and commercial grain bases. The main cash crops are rice, cotton, silkworm cocoons, hemp, tea, bamboo, fruits, medicinal materials, etc. Due to the fertile water quality on both sides of the Yangtze River, it is also one of China's important freshwater fishery bases. </p><p>In 2019, the total output value of Nanjing's agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery was 47.250 billion yuan, an increase of 4.8% over the previous year. Among them, the agricultural output value was 24.077 billion yuan, the forestry output value was 2.017 billion yuan, the animal husbandry output value was 2.435 billion yuan, the fishery output value was 15.389 billion yuan, and the agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery service industry output value was 3.333 billion yuan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_industry">Secondary industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Secondary industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2019, Nanjing's total industrial added value was 421.577 billion yuan, an increase of 6.9%. The added value of industrial enterprises above the designated size was 309.226 billion yuan, an increase of 7.0%. Among the industries above designated size, the added value of state-owned and state-holding enterprises fell by 0.2%, private enterprises increased by 20.3%, and foreign companies, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan enterprises increased by 7.0%. Large and medium-sized enterprises increased by 3.9%, and small and micro enterprises increased by 18.2%. Among the 37 major industries in the system, 22 industries have achieved growth in added value. Among the top ten industries ranked by cumulative value-added, six industries including electronics, electrical machinery, steel, medicine, general equipment, and non-metal products increased by 20.2%, </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tertiary_industry">Tertiary industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tertiary industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nanjing is an important regional financial and business center positioned by the National Development and Reform Commission. The financial industry is an important strategic pillar industry in Nanjing. The total financial volume and financial resources account for 25% of Jiangsu Province, and in the Financial Center index, the city ranks sixth in the country. In the 2018 China Financial Center Index evaluation, Nanjing's financial industry performance ranked fourth in China, after <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>. In 2018, Nanjing's financial industry achieved an added value of 147.332 billion yuan, and the balance of domestic and foreign currency deposits in financial institutions was 3452.486 billion yuan. </p><p>Nanjing is China's service outsourcing base and national software export innovation base. It is China's only pilot city for comprehensive reform of the national science and technology system. The software industry is the number one leading industry and pillar industry that Nanjing strives to cultivate. At the end of 2019, Nanjing achieved a total execution value of 17.33 billion US dollars in service outsourcing, ranking first among Chinese cities. In 2018, the software and information service industry had a revenue of 450 billion yuan, ranking fourth in China and first in Jiangsu after Beijing, Shenzhen, and Shanghai, accounting for 7.1% of the country's total and 50.8% of Jiangsu's. There are 12 unicorn companies in Nanjing in 2019, ranking seventh in global cities and fifth in China. </p><p>The convention and exhibition industry is an important industry in Nanjing. In the "World 2013 City Conference Industry Development Ranking" issued by the International Conference and Convention Association (ICCA), Nanjing has become the city with the most international conferences in China after Beijing and Shanghai. In 2019, Beichen Convention and Exhibition Research Institute released the "China Exhibition Index Report 2019", and Nanjing ranked seventh in China in the comprehensive index of domestic urban exhibition industry development. According to the "2017 China Exhibition Statistics Report" released in 2018, Nanjing ranked third in the number of exhibitions held in all cities in China, and ranked fifth in the exhibition area in all cities in China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nanjing is the transport hub in eastern China and the downstream Yangtze River area. Different means of transport constitute a three-dimensional transport system that includes land, water and air. As in most other Chinese cities, public transport is the dominant mode of travel for the majority of citizens. As of October 2014, Nanjing had <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_bridges_and_tunnels" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River bridges and tunnels">four bridges and two tunnels</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a>, linking districts north of the river with the city center on the south bank.<sup id="cite_ref-Yangtze_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yangtze-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:201806_Departure_Floor_of_Nanjingnan_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/201806_Departure_Floor_of_Nanjingnan_Station.jpg/220px-201806_Departure_Floor_of_Nanjingnan_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/201806_Departure_Floor_of_Nanjingnan_Station.jpg/330px-201806_Departure_Floor_of_Nanjingnan_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/201806_Departure_Floor_of_Nanjingnan_Station.jpg/440px-201806_Departure_Floor_of_Nanjingnan_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Nanjing South Railway Station</figcaption></figure> <p>Nanjing is an important railway hub in eastern China.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It serves as rail junction for the <a href="/wiki/Jinghu_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinghu Railway">Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu)</a> (which is itself composed of the old <a href="/wiki/Jinpu_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinpu Railway">Jinpu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huning_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Huning Railway">Huning Railways</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nanjing%E2%80%93Tongling_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing–Tongling Railway">Nanjing–Tongling Railway</a> (Ningtong), <a href="/wiki/Nanjing%E2%80%93Qidong_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing–Qidong Railway">Nanjing–Qidong (Ningqi)</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing%E2%80%93Xi%27an_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing–Xi'an Railway">Nanjing-Xi'an (Ningxi)</a> which encompasses the <a href="/wiki/Hefei%E2%80%93Nanjing_Passenger_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway">Hefei–Nanjing Railway</a>. Nanjing is connected to the <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China#Track_network" title="High-speed rail in China">national high-speed railway network</a> by <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Shanghai_High-Speed_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway">Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Wuhan%E2%80%93Chengdu_Passenger_Dedicated_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line">Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line</a>, with several more high-speed rail lines under construction. The main stations in Nanjing are Nanjing Station, Nanjing South Station, Jiangning Station, Lishui Station, Xianlin Station, Jiangning West Station, Nanjing East Station, Nanjing Passenger and Technical Station, as well as the new Nanjing North Station and Lukou Air-Rail Intermodal Transport Hub Station planning in. Among them, Nanjing Railway Station is the national railway hub station and China's top ten railway hubs, Nanjing South Railway Station is the national railway hub station and Asia's largest high-speed railway station, and Nanjing East Railway Station is the largest marshalling station in East China and the country's 15th largest railway network marshalling station. Nanjing Passenger Technology Station is a train technology station </p><p>Among all 17 railway stations in Nanjing, passenger rail service is mainly provided by <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Railway Station">Nanjing Railway Station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_South_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing South Railway Station">Nanjing South Railway Station</a>, while other stations like <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_West_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing West Railway Station">Nanjing West Railway Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhonghuamen_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhonghuamen Railway Station">Zhonghuamen Railway Station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xianlin_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Xianlin Railway Station">Xianlin Railway Station</a> serve minor roles. <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Railway Station">Nanjing Railway Station</a> was first built in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-南京火车站_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-南京火车站-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 12, 1999, the station was burnt in a serious fire.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reconstruction of the station was finished on September 1, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_South_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing South Railway Station">Nanjing South Railway Station</a>, which is one of the five hub stations on Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, has officially been claimed as the largest railway station in Asia and the second largest in the world in terms of GFA (Gross Floor Area).<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of Nanjing South Station began on January 10, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The station was opened for public service in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviation">Aviation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:201712_End_of_a_Concourse_of_NKG_T2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/201712_End_of_a_Concourse_of_NKG_T2.jpg/250px-201712_End_of_a_Concourse_of_NKG_T2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/201712_End_of_a_Concourse_of_NKG_T2.jpg/330px-201712_End_of_a_Concourse_of_NKG_T2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/201712_End_of_a_Concourse_of_NKG_T2.jpg/500px-201712_End_of_a_Concourse_of_NKG_T2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Nanjing Lukou International Airport, NKG</figcaption></figure> <p>Nanjing's airport, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Lukou_International_Airport" title="Nanjing Lukou International Airport">Lukou International Airport</a> (NKG), serves both national and international destinations. In 2013, Nanjing airport handled 15,011,792 passengers and 255,788.6 tonnes of freight.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport currently has 85 routes to national and international destinations, which include Japan,<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, Singapore, United States<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Germany. The airport is connected by a 29 km (18 mi) highway directly to the city center, and is also linked to various intercity highways, making it accessible to the passengers from the surrounding cities. A railway <a href="/wiki/Ninggao_Intercity_Rail_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninggao Intercity Rail Line">Ninggao Intercity Line</a> has been built to link the airport with <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_South_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing South Railway Station">Nanjing South Railway Station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lukou Airport was opened on June 28, 1997, replacing <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Dajiaochang_Airport" title="Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport">Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport</a> as the main airport serving Nanjing. Dajiaochang Airport is still used as a military air base.<sup id="cite_ref-nje_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nje-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanjing has another airport – Nanjing Ma'an International Airport which temporarily serves as a dual-use military and civil airport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shipping">Shipping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Shipping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Contemporary Nanjing Port is an important hub port in China and a first-class port open to the outside world. It is a multifunctional river-sea port in East China and the Yangtze River Basin for reloading, land and water transfer, cargo distribution and opening to the outside world. It is the only container railway and waterway in the Yangtze River Delta. A seamless port. The completion of the 12.5-meter deep-water channel project on the Yangtze River in Nanjing has made Nanjing Port the deepest inland international deep-water seaport, and it is also a comprehensive hub for China's global river-to-sea transshipment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge02.jpg/250px-Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge02.jpg/330px-Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge02.jpg/500px-Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge" title="Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge">Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge</a>, built in 1968,<sup id="cite_ref-南京火车站_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-南京火车站-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_bridges_and_tunnels" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River bridges and tunnels">bridge over the Yangtze River</a> to be built without foreign assistance.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_traffic_in_city,_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nanjing_traffic_in_city%2C_1989.jpg/220px-Nanjing_traffic_in_city%2C_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nanjing_traffic_in_city%2C_1989.jpg/330px-Nanjing_traffic_in_city%2C_1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nanjing_traffic_in_city%2C_1989.jpg/440px-Nanjing_traffic_in_city%2C_1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2760" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption>Nanjing traffic in city center, 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>As an important regional hub in the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta">Yangtze River Delta</a>, Nanjing is well-connected by over 60 state and provincial highways to all parts of China. </p><p>Highways such as Hu–Ning, Ning–He, Ning–Hang enable commuters to travel to Shanghai, <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, and other important cities quickly and conveniently. Inside the city of Nanjing, there are 230 km (140 mi) of highways, with a highway coverage density of 3.38 kilometers per hundred square kilometers (5.44 mi/100 sq mi). The total road coverage density of the city is 112.56 kilometers per hundred square kilometers (181.15 mi/100 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-数字交通_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-数字交通-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two artery roads in Nanjing are Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong Road are also the two main roads which cross each other in the city center, Xinjiekou. </p><p><b>Expressways</b> {G+XXxx (National Express, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">国家高速</span></span>), S+XX (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">省级高速</span></span>)}: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G25_Changchun%E2%80%93Shenzhen_Expressway" title="G25 Changchun–Shenzhen Expressway">G25 Changchun–Shenzhen Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G36_Nanjing%E2%80%93Luoyang_Expressway" title="G36 Nanjing–Luoyang Expressway">G36 Nanjing–Luoyang Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G40_Shanghai%E2%80%93Xi%27an_Expressway" title="G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway">G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G42_Shanghai%E2%80%93Chengdu_Expressway" title="G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway">G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4211_Nanjing%E2%80%93Wuhu_Expressway" title="G4211 Nanjing–Wuhu Expressway">G4211 Nanjing–Wuhu Expressway</a>, a spur of G42 that extends west to <a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a>, Anhui</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S55_Nanjing%E2%80%93Gaochun(Xuancheng)_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S55 Nanjing–Gaochun(Xuancheng) Expressway (page does not exist)">S55 Nanjing–Gaochun(Xuancheng) Expressway</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">宁宣高速或南京机场高速</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S38_Yanjiang_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S38 Yanjiang Expressway (page does not exist)">S38 Yanjiang Expressway</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沿江高速或常合高速</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G2503_Nanjing_Ring_Expressway" title="G2503 Nanjing Ring Expressway">G2503 Nanjing Ring Expressway</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">新南京绕城高速或南京绕越高速</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S001_Nanjing_Ring_Highway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S001 Nanjing Ring Highway (page does not exist)">S001 Nanjing Ring Highway</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">旧南京绕城高速或南京绕城公路</span></span>)</li></ul> <p><b>National Highway</b> </p><p>Nanjing is a national comprehensive transportation hub, and its highway network density ranks among the top central cities in the country. As of 2019, the total mileage of Nanjing highways opened to traffic has reached 630 kilometers, and the highway network density has reached 9.56 kilometers per 100 square kilometers, ranking first in the country. With Nanjing as the center, Ninghu, Ninggao, Ningzhen, Ningyang, Ningchu, Ninglian, Ningtong, Ningchao, Ninghe, Ningluo, Ningma, Ningxuan, Ningyan, Ninghuai, Ningmu, Ningchang, Ninghang and other high-grade highways lead to Jiang surrounding provinces and cities in a radial pattern. </p><p>Main long-distance bus terminals: Nanjing Bus Station, Nanjing South Bus Station, Nanjing North Bus Station, Nanjing East Bus Station, Jiangning Bus Station, Lishui Bus Station, Gaochun Bus Station, Nanjing Getang Bus Station. </p><p>{G1xx (which starts from Beijing), G2xx (north-south), G3xx (west-east)}: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_104" title="China National Highway 104">China National Highway 104</a>—motorists can either drive northwest to Beijing or south to <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a>, Fujian.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_205" title="China National Highway 205">China National Highway 205</a>—motorists can either drive north to <a href="/wiki/Shanhaiguan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanhaiguan District">Shanhaiguan</a>, Hebei or south to <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, Guangdong.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_312" title="China National Highway 312">China National Highway 312</a>—motorists can either drive east to Shanghai or west to <a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Khorgas</a>, Xinjiang on the Kazakh border</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_328" title="China National Highway 328">China National Highway 328</a>—Nanjing is the western terminus of G328, which motorists can follow to <a href="/wiki/Hai%27an_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai'an County">Hai'an County</a> in eastern Jiangsu</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Metro" title="Nanjing Metro">Nanjing Metro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ULuo-NanjingMetroMapofConstructionPlan2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/ULuo-NanjingMetroMapofConstructionPlan2022.jpg/220px-ULuo-NanjingMetroMapofConstructionPlan2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/ULuo-NanjingMetroMapofConstructionPlan2022.jpg/330px-ULuo-NanjingMetroMapofConstructionPlan2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/ULuo-NanjingMetroMapofConstructionPlan2022.jpg/440px-ULuo-NanjingMetroMapofConstructionPlan2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="5526" /></a><figcaption>Nanjing Metro Construction Plan by 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>The city has an efficient public transport network, which mainly consists of bus, taxi and metro systems. The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At present, the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Metro" title="Nanjing Metro">Nanjing Metro</a> system has a grand total of 449 km (279 mi) of route and 208 stations across 12 lines. They are Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 7, Line 10, Line S1, Line S3, Line S6, Line S7, Line S8 and Line S9. The city is planning to complete a 17-line Metro and <a href="/wiki/Light-rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-rail">light-rail</a> system by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expansion of the Metro network will greatly facilitate intracity transport and reduce the currently heavy traffic congestion. </p><p>Nanjing's first subway officially opened on September 3, 2005. It is the sixth city in mainland China to open a subway. As of 2019, Nanjing subway has 12 lines and 208 stations, with a total length of 449 kilometers and an average daily passenger flow. With more than 3.4 million passengers, the length of subway lines ranks seventh in China and eighth in the world. </p><p>As of the end of 2018, Nanjing had 6,909 buses, operating 468 bus lines, with a total length of 7,670.9 km (4,766.5 mi), an average daily mileage of 1,178<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> km (732<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> mi), and an average daily passenger volume of 2,182 million. At present, Nanjing has eliminated buses below the National III standard and non-air-conditioned buses, and the number of pure electric buses ranks second in the world. </p><p>As of the end of 2019, there were more than 12,000 real-name certified taxis in Nanjing. The appearance of the taxis was mostly uniform yellow and black, and the royal blue luxury taxis were a minority. </p><p>As of July 2019, there are six online ride-hailing platforms in Nanjing, namely Meituan Taxi, Didi Chuxing, First Taxi-hailing, Cao Cao Special Car, Shenzhou Special Car, T3 Travel, and the current car qualification rate of each platform is 70% the above. At present, there are about 13,000 online car-hailing vehicles legally applying for "<i>car permits</i>" in Nanjing. </p><p>As of 2019, there are two lines of Nanjing trams. Nanjing Hexi Tram was officially put into operation on August 1, 2014. It is the world's first inter-area contactless tram, and China's first tram to be charged at a station. The line is about 7.76 kilometers long and has 13 stations., Including 4 subway transfer stations. The Nanjing Kylin Tram was officially put into operation on October 31, 2017. The line is about 8.95 kilometers long and has 15 stations, including 1 subway transfer station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_art">Culture and art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Culture and art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg/220px-%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg/330px-%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg/440px-%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_Examination_Hall" title="Jiangnan Examination Hall">Jiangnan Examination Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural center attracting intellectuals from all over the country. In the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> dynasties, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscent of its luxurious past; during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> dynasties, the city was the official <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">imperial examination</a> center (<a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_Examination_Hall" title="Jiangnan Examination Hall">Jiangnan Examination Hall</a>) for the <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a> region, again acting as a hub where different thoughts and opinions converged and thrived. </p><p>Today, with a long cultural tradition and strong support from local educational institutions, Nanjing is commonly viewed as a "city of culture" and one of the more pleasant cities to live in China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pekinguniversitykunqu4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pekinguniversitykunqu4.jpg/220px-Pekinguniversitykunqu4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pekinguniversitykunqu4.jpg/330px-Pekinguniversitykunqu4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pekinguniversitykunqu4.jpg/440px-Pekinguniversitykunqu4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kunqu" title="Kunqu">Kunqu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some of the leading art groups of China are based in Nanjing; they include the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Little_Red_Flower_Art_Troupe" title="Nanjing Little Red Flower Art Troupe">Nanjing Little Red Flower Art Troupe</a>, Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute and Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company among others. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Art_Gallery" title="Jiangsu Art Gallery">Jiangsu Art Gallery</a> is the largest gallery in Jiangsu Province, presenting some of the best traditional and contemporary art pieces of China like the historical Master Ho-Kan;<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many other smaller-scale galleries, such as Red Chamber Art Garden and Jinling Stone Gallery, also have their own special exhibitions. As of 2019, Nanjing has 14 cultural centers, 100 cultural stations, 15 public libraries (excluding libraries for education systems and enterprises and institutions), 132 movie theaters, and 2 large-scale convention and exhibition centers. They are Nanjing International Exhibition Center and Nanjing International Expo Center, 87 various museums, including 77 state-owned museums and 10 non-state-owned museums. As of the end of August 2020, there are 137 calligraphy and painting academies, art museums, and art galleries in Nanjing. </p><p>Nanjing is an important town of Chinese painting and calligraphy. In the Six Dynasties, there were painting and calligraphy masters such as Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Zhang Sengyou, Lu Tanwei, and Gu Kaizhi. The earliest extant painting theory work "Paintings" has a profound impact on later generations. The Nantang Art Academy brought together outstanding calligraphy and painting masters at a time. Dongyuan and Juran pioneered the Southern School of Landscape and became a generation of masters. Xu Xi's flower and bird paintings, Zhou Wenju, and Gu Hongzhong's figure paintings continue to pass. "Han Xizai's Night Banquet" is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese meticulous brushwork. The system of Nantang Painting Academy was also inherited by later generations. The Painting Book of Ten Bamboo Studios in the Ming dynasty reproduced the paintings with the pinnacle of three-dimensional color printing techniques. The Painting Book of Mustard Seed Garden in the early Qing dynasty was regarded as a must-read for learning Chinese painting. The "Eight Masters of Nanjing" headed by Gong Xian were active in Nanjing in the early Qing dynasty and created the Jinling School of Painting. In the 1930s, celebrities in painting circles such as Lv Fengzi, Xu Beihong, Zhang Daqian, Yan Wenliang, Lu Sibai, Chen Zhifo, Gao Jianfu, Pan Yuliang, and Pang Xunqin gathered in Nanjing. Among them, Xu Beihong, Zhang Shuqi, and Liu Zigu were hailed as the "Three Masters of Jinling". Contemporary "New Jinling Painting School" represented by Fu Baoshi, <a href="/wiki/Qian_Songyan" title="Qian Songyan">Qian Songyan</a>, Song Wenzhi, Wei Zixi, Yaming, </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_Library_2016.7.16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Nanjing_Library_2016.7.16.jpg/250px-Nanjing_Library_2016.7.16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Nanjing_Library_2016.7.16.jpg/330px-Nanjing_Library_2016.7.16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Nanjing_Library_2016.7.16.jpg/500px-Nanjing_Library_2016.7.16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Library" title="Nanjing Library">Nanjing Library</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many traditional festivals and customs were observed in the old times, which included climbing the City Wall on January 16, bathing in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qing_Xi_of_Nanjing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qing Xi of Nanjing (page does not exist)">Qing Xi</a> on March 3, hill hiking on September 9 and others (the dates are in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_lunar_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese lunar calendar">Chinese lunar calendar</a>). Almost none of them, however, are still celebrated by modern Nanjingese. </p><p>Instead, Nanjing, as a tourist destination, hosts a series of government-organized events throughout the year. The annual <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Plum_Blossom_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Plum Blossom Festival (page does not exist)">International Plum Blossom Festival</a> held in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum_Blossom_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plum Blossom Hill (page does not exist)">Plum Blossom Hill</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Plum_blossom" class="mw-redirect" title="Plum blossom">plum collection</a> in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally. Other events include Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxin_Island" title="Jiangxin Island">Jiangxin Zhou</a> Fruit Festival and Linggu Temple Sweet Osmanthus Festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Library" title="Nanjing Library">Nanjing Library</a>, founded in 1907, houses more than 10 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_China" title="National Library of China">National Library</a> in Beijing and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Library" title="Shanghai Library">Shanghai Library</a>. Other libraries, such as city-owned <a href="/wiki/Jinling_Library" title="Jinling Library">Jinling Library</a> and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_Library" title="Nanjing University Library">Nanjing University Library</a> is the second largest university libraries in China after Peking University Library, and the fifth largest nationwide, especially in the number of precious collections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_Museum_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Nanjing_Museum_big.jpg/220px-Nanjing_Museum_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Nanjing_Museum_big.jpg/330px-Nanjing_Museum_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Nanjing_Museum_big.jpg/440px-Nanjing_Museum_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Museum" title="Nanjing Museum">Nanjing Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="List of museums in Nanjing">List of museums in Nanjing</a>.</div> <p>Nanjing has some of the oldest and finest museums in China. <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Museum" title="Nanjing Museum">Nanjing Museum</a>, formerly known as National Central Museum during ROC period, is the first modern museum and remains as one of the leading museums in China having 400,000 items in its permanent collection.<sup id="cite_ref-museum_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum is notable for enormous collections of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, which is among the largest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other museums include the <a href="/wiki/City_Museum_of_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="City Museum of Nanjing">City Museum of Nanjing</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chaotian_Palace" title="Chaotian Palace">Chaotian Palace</a>, the Oriental Metropolitan Museum,<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the China Modern History Museum in the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Building_(Nanjing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Building (Nanjing)">Presidential Palace</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre_Memorial_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall">Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Kingdom_History_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiping Kingdom History Museum">Taiping Kingdom History Museum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiangning_Imperial_Silk_Manufacturing_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiangning Imperial Silk Manufacturing Museum (page does not exist)">Jiangning Imperial Silk Manufacturing Museum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanjing <a href="/wiki/Yunjin" title="Yunjin">Yunjin</a> Museum, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_City_Wall_Cultural_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing City Wall Cultural Museum (page does not exist)">Nanjing City Wall Cultural Museum</a>, Nanjing Customs Museum in Ganxi House,<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanjing Astronomical History Museum, Nanjing Paleontological Museum, Nanjing Geological Museum, Nanjing Riverstones Museum, and other museums and memorials such <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a> Memorial<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinling Four Modern Calligraphers Memorial.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater">Theater</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Province_Kun_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangsu Province Kun Opera">Jiangsu Province Kun Opera</a> is one of the best theaters for <a href="/wiki/Kunqu" title="Kunqu">Kunqu</a>, China's oldest stage art.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is considered a conservative and traditional troupe. Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_pingtan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhou pingtan">Suzhou pingtan</a>, spoken theater and puppet theater. </p><p>Most of Nanjing's major theaters are multi-purpose, used as convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theaters on different occasions. The major theaters include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_People%27s_Convention_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing People's Convention Hall (page does not exist)">People's Convention Hall</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Arts_and_Culture_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Arts and Culture Center (page does not exist)">Nanjing Arts and Culture Center</a>. The Capital Theater well known in the past is now a museum in theater/film. </p><p>Xiqu is a traditional Chinese drama. After a long period of development and evolution, it has gradually formed the Chinese Opera Garden with the five major Chinese opera types of "Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping Opera, and Henan Opera" as the core. Peking opera has a long history in Nanjing: the famous Peking opera master Mei Baojiu has a deep connection with Nanjing. As the honorary president of the "Nanjing Meilanfang Jingkun Art Research Association", Master Mei Jiubao made a special trip to Nanjing as the "Research Association" "Unveiled, and led his disciples to perform the Meipai famous play" The Return of the Phoenix " Zheng Ziru, the famous Peking opera artist, performed "The Flower Spear" in Nanjing. </p><p>Kunqu Opera is one of the oldest operas in traditional Chinese opera, and it is also a treasure of traditional Chinese culture and art, especially opera art. It is called an "orchid" in the Hundred Gardens. In Nanjing, famous professional Kunban classes such as "Xinghua Ministry", "Hualin Ministry", "Li Yujia Ban", and "Cao Yinjia Ban" appeared in Nanjing, and the style of singing songs by the voiceless section and literati also continued. </p><p>Drama is a form of Western drama introduced in the 20th century. In recent years, Nanjing's annual drama box office has continued to rise. The drama "Mrs of the Sea" staged in Nanjing in 2017, "Broken Gold", "Treasure Island Village" in 2018, and "Hamlet" in 2019 have the highest box office in the country. All fell in Nanjing. Not only that, the box office and attendance rate of some plays such as "White Deer Plain" in Nanjing are also far ahead in the Yangtze River Delta region. </p><p>Quyi is the collective name of the various "rap art" of the Chinese nation. It is a unique art form formed by the long-term development and evolution of folk oral literature and singing art. The local folk arts in Nanjing include Southern Crosstalk, Nanjing Baiju, Nanjing Vernacular, Nanjing Pinghua, Gaochun Yangqiang Mulian Opera, Liuhe Hongshan Opera, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Night_life">Night life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Night life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fuzimiaonight.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Fuzimiaonight.JPG/220px-Fuzimiaonight.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Fuzimiaonight.JPG/330px-Fuzimiaonight.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Fuzimiaonight.JPG/440px-Fuzimiaonight.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Qinhuai River</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally Nanjing's nightlife was mostly centered around <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Fuzimiao" title="Nanjing Fuzimiao">Nanjing Fuzimiao</a> (Confucius Temple) area along the <a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_River" title="Qinhuai River">Qinhuai River</a>, where night markets, restaurants and pubs thrived.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city. Thus, one can see the statues of the famous teachers and educators of the past not too far from those of the courtesans who educated the young men in the other arts. </p><p>In the past 20 years, several commercial streets have been developed, hence the nightlife has become more diverse: there are shopping malls opening late in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiekou,_Nanjing" title="Xinjiekou, Nanjing">Xinjiekou</a> CBD, as well as in and around major residential areas throughout the city. The well-established "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_1912&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing 1912 (page does not exist)">Nanjing 1912</a>" district hosts a wide variety of recreational facilities ranging from traditional restaurants and western pubs to dance clubs, in both its downtown location and beside Baijia Lake in <a href="/wiki/Jiangning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangning District">Jiangning District</a>. In recent years, many night-life options have opened up in Catherine Park as well as in shopping malls such as IST in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiekou,_Nanjing" title="Xinjiekou, Nanjing">Xinjiekou</a> and Kingmo near <a href="/wiki/Baijiahu_station" title="Baijiahu station">Baijai Lake metro station</a>. Other, more student-oriented places are to be found near to <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Normal_University" title="Nanjing Normal University">Nanjing Normal University</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_roast_duck_after_adding_sauce_(20240614083242).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nanjing_roast_duck_after_adding_sauce_%2820240614083242%29.jpg/220px-Nanjing_roast_duck_after_adding_sauce_%2820240614083242%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nanjing_roast_duck_after_adding_sauce_%2820240614083242%29.jpg/330px-Nanjing_roast_duck_after_adding_sauce_%2820240614083242%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nanjing_roast_duck_after_adding_sauce_%2820240614083242%29.jpg/440px-Nanjing_roast_duck_after_adding_sauce_%2820240614083242%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3954" data-file-height="2636" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Roast_duck" class="mw-redirect" title="Roast duck">roast duck</a>, poured with sauce before serving, is one of the local duck dishes of Nanjing</figcaption></figure> <p>The local cuisine in Nanjing is called Jinling cuisine (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">金陵菜</span></span>). It is one important part of Jiangsu cuisine (<a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_cuisine" title="Jiangsu cuisine">江苏菜</a>). Jinling cuisine is famous for its meticulous process, emphasizing no added preservatives and its seasonality. Its duck and goose dishes are well known among Chinese for centuries. It also employs many different style of cooking methods, such as slow cooking, Chinese oven cooking, etc. Its dishes tend to be light and fresh, suitable for all. Many of the city's local favorite dishes are based on ducks, including <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_salted_duck" title="Nanjing salted duck">Nanjing salted duck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duck_blood_and_vermicelli_soup" title="Duck blood and vermicelli soup">duck blood and vermicelli soup</a>, and duck oil pancake.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flavor snacks of Jinling Tea House have become an integral part of Qinhuai culture. In addition, Jiangning, Liuhe and Gaochun each have their own local flavors. "Suiyuan Food List", "Baimen Recipe", "Yecheng Vegetable Book" are the crystallization of Nanjing food culture. </p><p>The radish is considered typically representative of the people of Nanjing, an association commonly known throughout China.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanjing people like to eat wild vegetables during the Qingming Festival, and they named the eight most eaten spring vegetables and wild vegetables as the "Eight Dry Seasons". The phrase "eight fresh sweet-scented osmanthus fragrance" refers to eight kinds of aquatic fruits and vegetables associated with the Mid-Autumn Festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Central_Stadium_in_Nanjing_2011-12.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Former_Central_Stadium_in_Nanjing_2011-12.JPG/250px-Former_Central_Stadium_in_Nanjing_2011-12.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Former_Central_Stadium_in_Nanjing_2011-12.JPG/330px-Former_Central_Stadium_in_Nanjing_2011-12.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Former_Central_Stadium_in_Nanjing_2011-12.JPG/500px-Former_Central_Stadium_in_Nanjing_2011-12.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Central Stadium was built in 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>Nanjing is the birthplace of modern Chinese sports. In 1910, the first National Games in Chinese history was held. In 1924, the predecessor of the Chinese Olympic Committee (All-China Sports Association) was established in Nanjing. China's first Olympic delegation trained, assembled, and set off in Nanjing. Nanjing is the birthplace of China's Olympic dream and one of the cities that contributed the most to China's participation in the Olympics. Nanjing has an irreplaceable position in the history of the Chinese Olympics. </p><p>Nanjing's planned 20,000 seat Youth Olympic Sports Park Gymnasium will be one of the venues for the <a href="/wiki/2019_FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup" title="2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup">2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. <a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_Super_League" title="2020 Chinese Super League">2020 Chinese Super League</a> champions <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Football_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangsu Football Club">Jiangsu Football Club</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/Suning_Appliance_Group" title="Suning Appliance Group">Suning Appliance Group</a>, was a tenant of <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Olympic_Sports_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Olympic Sports Center">Nanjing Olympic Sports Center</a> from 2007 until the club's dissolution in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Dragons" title="Jiangsu Dragons">Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club</a> is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top-level league, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">CBA</a>. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league. </p><p>There are two major sports centers in Nanjing, <a href="/wiki/Wutaishan_Sports_Center" title="Wutaishan Sports Center">Wutaishan Sports Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Olympic_Sports_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Olympic Sports Center">Nanjing Olympic Sports Center</a>. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc. <a href="/wiki/Wutaishan_Sports_Center" title="Wutaishan Sports Center">Wutaishan Sports Center</a> was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China. </p><p>Nanjing hosted the 10th National Games of PRC in 2005 and hosted the 2nd <a href="/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2014 Summer Youth Olympics">summer Youth Olympic Games</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_Olympic_Sports_Center_main_gym.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nanjing_Olympic_Sports_Center_main_gym.jpg/220px-Nanjing_Olympic_Sports_Center_main_gym.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nanjing_Olympic_Sports_Center_main_gym.jpg/330px-Nanjing_Olympic_Sports_Center_main_gym.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Nanjing_Olympic_Sports_Center_main_gym.jpg/440px-Nanjing_Olympic_Sports_Center_main_gym.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Nanjing Olympic Sports Center</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2005, to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China, there was a new stadium, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center, constructed in Nanjing. Compared to <a href="/wiki/Wutaishan_Sports_Center" title="Wutaishan Sports Center">Wutaishan Sports Center</a>, which the major stadium's capacity is 18,500,<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanjing Olympic Sports Center has a more advanced stadium which is big enough to seat 60,000 spectators. Its gymnasium has capacity of 13,000, and natatorium of capacity 3,000. </p><p>On February 10, 2010, the 122nd <a href="/wiki/IOC" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC">IOC</a> session at Vancouver announced Nanjing as the host city for the 2nd Summer <a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a>. The Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games featured all 28 sports on the Olympic program and were held from August 16 to 28. It is the first time that China has hosted the Youth Olympic Games and the second time that China has hosted an Olympic event. </p><p>Main venues: Nanjing Olympic Sports Center, Wutaishan Sports Center, Youth Olympic Sports Park, Nanjing Institute of Physical Education (Central Stadium), Nanjing Longjiang Stadium, Nanjing National Fitness Center, Jiangning Sports Center, Lishui Sports Center, Gaochun Sports Center, etc. </p><p>Main teams: <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Football_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangsu Football Club">Jiangsu Football Club</a> (dissolved), <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Monkey_Kings" title="Nanjing Monkey Kings">Nanjing Monkey Kings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Dragons" title="Jiangsu Dragons">Jiangsu Dragons</a> (a.k.a. Jiangsu Nangang), etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is renowned for its wide variety of architectures which mainly contain buildings from multiple dynasties, the Republic of China, and the present. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inside_the_walled_city">Inside the walled city</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Inside the walled city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_Wall_of_Nanjing" title="City Wall of Nanjing">City Wall of Nanjing</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">南京城墙</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_of_China,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gate of China, Nanjing">Zhonghua Gate</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中华门</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Fuzimiao" title="Nanjing Fuzimiao">Fuzimiao</a> (Confucius Temple; <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">南京夫子庙</span></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_River" title="Qinhuai River">Qinhuai River</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">秦淮河</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_Examination_Hall" title="Jiangnan Examination Hall">Jiangnan Examination Hall</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">江南贡院</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhan_Garden_(Nanjing)" title="Zhan Garden (Nanjing)">Zhan Garden</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">瞻园</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendong_(Nanjing)" title="Mendong (Nanjing)">Mendong</a> (Laomendong; <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">老门东</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoye_Ferry" title="Taoye Ferry">Taoye Ferry</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">桃叶渡</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Palace,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Palace, Nanjing">Ming Palace</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">明故宫</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Garden" title="Xu Garden">Xu Garden</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">煦园</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiming_Temple" title="Jiming Temple">Jiming Temple</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">鸡鸣寺</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiji_Ge" title="Beiji Ge">Beiji Ge</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">北极阁</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_Tower_of_Nanjing" title="Drum Tower of Nanjing">Drum Tower of Nanjing</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">南京鼓楼</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaotian_Palace" title="Chaotian Palace">Chaotian Palace</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">朝天宫</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone City">Stone City</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">石头城</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuejiang_Tower" title="Yuejiang Tower">Yuejiang Tower</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">阅江楼</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghai_Temple" title="Jinghai Temple">Jinghai Temple</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">静海寺</span></span>)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 187.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YiJiangGate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="City Wall of Nanjing and Yijiangmen Gate"><img alt="City Wall of Nanjing and Yijiangmen Gate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/YiJiangGate.jpg/330px-YiJiangGate.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/YiJiangGate.jpg/500px-YiJiangGate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/YiJiangGate.jpg/960px-YiJiangGate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/City_Wall_of_Nanjing" title="City Wall of Nanjing">City Wall of Nanjing</a> and Yijiangmen Gate</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing-Zhonghua-Gate-3091.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="East of Zhonghua Gate"><img alt="East of Zhonghua Gate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Nanjing-Zhonghua-Gate-3091.jpg/249px-Nanjing-Zhonghua-Gate-3091.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Nanjing-Zhonghua-Gate-3091.jpg/375px-Nanjing-Zhonghua-Gate-3091.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Nanjing-Zhonghua-Gate-3091.jpg/499px-Nanjing-Zhonghua-Gate-3091.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">East of <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_China,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gate of China, Nanjing">Zhonghua Gate</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Riverside_near_Fuzi_Miao.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qinhuai River"><img alt="Qinhuai River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Riverside_near_Fuzi_Miao.jpg/330px-Riverside_near_Fuzi_Miao.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Riverside_near_Fuzi_Miao.jpg/500px-Riverside_near_Fuzi_Miao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Riverside_near_Fuzi_Miao.jpg/960px-Riverside_near_Fuzi_Miao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1275" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_River" title="Qinhuai River">Qinhuai River</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jiming_Temple,_Nanjing_20101125.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jiming Temple"><img alt="Jiming Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Jiming_Temple%2C_Nanjing_20101125.jpg/187px-Jiming_Temple%2C_Nanjing_20101125.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Jiming_Temple%2C_Nanjing_20101125.jpg/281px-Jiming_Temple%2C_Nanjing_20101125.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Jiming_Temple%2C_Nanjing_20101125.jpg/374px-Jiming_Temple%2C_Nanjing_20101125.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jiming_Temple" title="Jiming Temple">Jiming Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jinghai_Si_-_grounds_-_P1070462.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jinghai Temple and Yuejiang Tower"><img alt="Jinghai Temple and Yuejiang Tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Jinghai_Si_-_grounds_-_P1070462.JPG/250px-Jinghai_Si_-_grounds_-_P1070462.JPG" decoding="async" width="166" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Jinghai_Si_-_grounds_-_P1070462.JPG/500px-Jinghai_Si_-_grounds_-_P1070462.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jinghai_Temple" title="Jinghai Temple">Jinghai Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yuejiang_Tower" title="Yuejiang Tower">Yuejiang Tower</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Outside_the_walled_city">Outside the walled city</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Outside the walled city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Mountain_(Nanjing)" title="Purple Mountain (Nanjing)">Purple Mountain</a> Scenic Area (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">紫金山</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum">Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum</a> and its surrounding complex (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">明孝陵</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linggu_Temple" title="Linggu Temple">Linggu Temple</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">灵谷寺</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_Lake" title="Xuanwu Lake">Xuanwu Lake</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">玄武湖</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia_Temple" title="Qixia Temple">Qixia Temple</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">栖霞寺</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcelain_Tower_of_Nanjing" title="Porcelain Tower of Nanjing">The Porcelain Pagoda of Nanjing</a> (restored) (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">大报恩寺琉璃塔</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochou_Lake" title="Mochou Lake">Mochou Lake</a>(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">莫愁湖</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangshan_Quarry" title="Yangshan Quarry">Yangshan Quarry</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">阳山碑材</span></span>)</li> <li>Southern Tang Mausoleums (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南唐二陵</span></span>)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2014%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%886%E6%97%A5%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xuanwu Lake"><img alt="Xuanwu Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/2014%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%886%E6%97%A5%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-2014%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%886%E6%97%A5%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/2014%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%886%E6%97%A5%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg/500px-2014%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%886%E6%97%A5%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E9%99%85%E7%BA%BF_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_Lake" title="Xuanwu Lake">Xuanwu Lake</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porcelain_Tower_of_Nanjing_-_Night_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Porcelain Pagoda of Nanjing"><img alt="The Porcelain Pagoda of Nanjing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Porcelain_Tower_of_Nanjing_-_Night_View.jpg/252px-Porcelain_Tower_of_Nanjing_-_Night_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Porcelain_Tower_of_Nanjing_-_Night_View.jpg/378px-Porcelain_Tower_of_Nanjing_-_Night_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Porcelain_Tower_of_Nanjing_-_Night_View.jpg/504px-Porcelain_Tower_of_Nanjing_-_Night_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4833" data-file-height="3590" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Porcelain_Tower_of_Nanjing" title="Porcelain Tower of Nanjing">The Porcelain Pagoda of Nanjing</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BaoyueTingfeng_Mochou_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Classical buildings in the Mochou Lake"><img alt="Classical buildings in the Mochou Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/BaoyueTingfeng_Mochou_Lake.jpg/249px-BaoyueTingfeng_Mochou_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/BaoyueTingfeng_Mochou_Lake.jpg/375px-BaoyueTingfeng_Mochou_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/BaoyueTingfeng_Mochou_Lake.jpg/499px-BaoyueTingfeng_Mochou_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Classical buildings in the <a href="/wiki/Mochou_Lake" title="Mochou Lake">Mochou Lake</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spirit Way of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum"><img alt="Spirit Way of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg/308px-Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg/462px-Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg/615px-Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum_Spirit_Way.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3111" data-file-height="1893" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spirit Way of <a href="/wiki/Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum">Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 95.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 93.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Linggusu_in_Nanjing.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tower of Linggu Temple"><img alt="Tower of Linggu Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Linggusu_in_Nanjing.JPG/140px-Linggusu_in_Nanjing.JPG" decoding="async" width="94" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Linggusu_in_Nanjing.JPG/211px-Linggusu_in_Nanjing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Linggusu_in_Nanjing.JPG/280px-Linggusu_in_Nanjing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tower of <a href="/wiki/Linggu_Temple" title="Linggu Temple">Linggu Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qixiasi00.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qixia Temple"><img alt="Qixia Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Qixiasi00.jpg/250px-Qixiasi00.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Qixiasi00.jpg/500px-Qixiasi00.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Qixia_Temple" title="Qixia Temple">Qixia Temple</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbols">Symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>City Tree: Cedar </p><p>City Flower: <a href="/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume">Prunus mume</a> </p><p>Tourist city symbol: Long Pan Tiger Standing </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folklore">Folklore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Folklore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The main folklore activities in Nanjing include Chinese New Year greetings for the Spring Festival, hanging Spring Festival couplets at the city gate, eating rice cakes, welcoming the God of Wealth on the fifth day of the first lunar month, climbing the city on the 16th day of the first lunar month, sweeping the tomb on Qingming Festival, dragon boat races on the Dragon Boat Festival, eating rice dumplings, and begging for gifts on Qixi Festival, Liqiu gnawing autumn, Mid-Autumn reunion, eating moon cakes, enjoy the moon and go to the melon rack in the field and pick melon beans under the bean shed, Chongyang ascends, Chongyang cake inserted Chongyang flag, Laba food porridge, sent stove on the 24th lunar month, New Year's Eve reunion and ancestor worship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first "Literature Museum" in Chinese history, the first literary theory and criticism monograph "Wen Xin Diao Long", the earliest existing collection of poetry and essays "Selected Works of Zhaoming", China's first poetic theory and criticism monograph "Shi Pin" ", the first collection of zhiren novel," Shi Shuo Xin Yu, "and the first children's enlightenment book "Thousand Characters "were all born in Nanjing. Masterpieces such as "<a href="/wiki/A_Dream_of_Red_Mansions" class="mw-redirect" title="A Dream of Red Mansions">A Dream of Red Mansions</a>" and "The Scholars" are inseparable from Nanjing. </p><p>Modern literary giants such as Lu Xun, Ba Jin, Zhu Ziqing, Yu Pingbo, Zhang Henshui, Zhang Ailing have inextricably linked with Nanjing, and the masterpiece "The Earth" by the American writer <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Buck" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl Buck">Pearl Buck</a> who won the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Literature">Nobel Prize for Literature</a> was created in Nanjing. Famous contemporary literary writers in Nanjing include Su Tong, Bi Feiyu and Ye Zhaoyan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Film and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1950, 1,800 projectionists from around the country traveled to Nanjing for a training program.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 71">: 71 </span></sup> These projectionists replicated the training program in their own home provinces to develop more projectionists.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_162-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 71">: 71 </span></sup> Nanjing was later termed a "Cradle of People's <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">Cinema</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-:12_162-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 71">: 71 </span></sup> </p><p>Nanjing, as the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties and a famous scenic spot, has become the "best location" favored by directors. Among them, the 93 edition of "Legend of the New White Lady" was shot at Jiming Temple in Nanjing; "Deep Love and Rain" shot at Nanjing Pukou Railway Station; "The Founding of the People's Republic" shot at Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Meiling Palace, Southeast University Auditorium, etc. .; and more movies and TV series "Jinling Thirteen Hairpins", "To Our Dying Youth", "Tuina", etc. were all shot in Nanjing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_dance">Music and dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Music and dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Jinling Qin School is an important genre of Chinese Guqin art that originated in Nanjing. It has a great influence on many later generations of Qin Schools. It originated from the Royal Music Officials of the Ming dynasty and has been listed as a World Intangible Cultural Heritage Project. The folk song "Jasmine Flower" originated from the "Flower Tune" sung by Liuhe folks for a century, and is world-famous. Xishanqiao folk song performances have repeatedly appeared on CCTV. In addition, there are Gaochun folk songs "Caihongling", "Planting Seedlings in May", Liuhe folk songs "Flower Tune", "Liuzuo Blow Music" etc. </p><p>In 2016, the Nanjing Forest Music Carnival, sponsored by the Propaganda Department of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and the Nanjing Municipal People's Government, has been held 5 times. Since 2014, Jiangsu Music Broadcasting will hold the Midou Music Festival in Nanjing every year. The 7th Midou Music Festival; and the popular Nanjing University Student Music Festival in recent years. </p><p>Traditional folk dances in Nanjing include Luoshan Dragon, Dongba Dama Lantern, Sparrow Jump, Jiangpu Hand Lion, Gaochun Dance Wuban, Wanbei Xiaoma Lantern Dance, Qixia Dragon Dance, Changlu Carrying Dragon, Tongshan Gaotai Lion Dance, Dongba Peiqiao stilts, Longyin Che, Zhetang Shahuo, Dangdang, Luohan, Zhuzhen stilts are all intangible cultural heritages. </p><p>Created by the Nanjing Dancers Association, the original local drama "The Place Closest to Dream", with students from the Department of Music of the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics as the performance team, shows youthful demeanor with the theme of youth entrepreneurship; performed by Nanjing folk performing artists "Drum and Dragon Celebrating the New Year" is a classic of Nanjing folk dance in recent years; the "Nanjing City Intangible Cultural Heritage Scene Demonstration" Jinling Season "hosted by Nanjing Cultural Bureau and undertaken by Nanjing Art Museum is a work of high artistic level. </p><p>In Nanjing, we have the first professional children's art school in the country that integrates cultural education, art education and stage performances, Nanjing Art Primary School, referred to as Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Troupe. The school implements small-class education in an all-round way, and promotes both culture and art. It has been rated as a meritorious unit in Nanjing many times, and twice was awarded the honorary title of "National Children's Cultural Work Advanced Group" by the Central Ministry of Culture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photography">Photography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Photography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nanjing has many excellent photography works, as well as large-scale photography exhibitions, photography conferences, etc. Zhao Ran's "Quadette of Enchanting Hair", Ben Daochun's "Tianjiang Cruise", Tian Ming's "Shanghai White-collar Early Class Subway Life", Yu Xianyun's "In the Name of the Country" won 21st, 22nd, 23rd, The 25th National Photographic Art Exhibition Gold Award; Liu Jun's "Fisher Songs and Moon" won the 21st Austria Trembler Super Photo Tour Competition Gold Award; Sun Chonglin's "Little Wangmu" Gold Award in the second PSAChina International Photography Competition. </p><p>The Nanjing Photographic Association successfully held the third city photography conference in Nanjing; held photography exhibitions such as "World Historical and Cultural Cities", "Hong Kong in the Eyes of Nanjing People", "Nanjing in the Eyes of College Students"; in Italy, Japan, Singapore, and other countries held "Splendid Nanjing" and "Ancient Capital Nanjing" photography exhibitions in Italy, Japan, Singapore, and other countries; held "Harmonious Nanjing", "I Love Nanjing", "Nanjing City Walls", "Four Seasons Jinling" and other photography competitions; edited and published "Nanjing New Look", "Nanjing", "Splendid Nanjing", "Brilliant Nanjing", "Nanjing City Wall" and other large-scale picture albums. </p><p>In 2022, the photography competition, "A Decade of Nanjing", organised by Nanjing People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries (NPAFFC), sought to chart the changes in Nanjing through the eyes of foreigners living in the city. Almost half a million online votes were cast to decide the final winners.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_crafts">Folk crafts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Folk crafts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many kinds of folk crafts in Nanjing, including brocade, paper-cutting, lantern color, gold leaf, folding fan, velvet flower, carved velvet, wood carving, bamboo carving, etc. </p><p>As of 2019, Nanjing has 4 world human intangible cultural heritage projects (guqin art, Nanjing cloud brocade weaving, Chinese engraving, and printing techniques, Chinese paper-cutting), 11 national intangible cultural heritage projects, 64 Jiangsu Province and 70 Nanjing City intangible cultural heritage project. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 2021, Nanjing has 68 institutions of higher learning,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including ten 111-plan universities, eight <a href="/wiki/Project_211" title="Project 211">211 universities</a>, and 97 academicians. As the educational center of southern China for more than 1,700 years, Nanjing has many <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_China" title="Rankings of universities in China">highly ranked educational institutions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Jiangsu" title="List of universities and colleges in Jiangsu">number of universities (13)</a> listed in <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">147 Double First-Class Universities</a> ranking third (after <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ratio of college students to the total population ranks No.1 among large cities nationwide. Nanjing has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">fifth-largest scientific research output</a> of any city in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2023, it has been ranked as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output#Leading_cities_in_different_fields" title="List of cities by scientific output">world's top second scientific research center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Earth_and_Environmental_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth and Environmental Sciences">earth & environmental sciences</a> after Beijing and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output#Leading_cities_in_different_fields" title="List of cities by scientific output">world's top third scientific research center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> after Beijing and Shanghai, according to the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nanjing was ranked 80th globally by the QS Best Student City in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing University</a> is considered one of the top national universities nationwide, and it is ranked among the world's top 20 universities by <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Reputation_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="World Reputation Rankings">World Reputation Rankings</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education" title="Times Higher Education">Times Higher Educations</a>, Nanjing University is ranked among the top 100 universities with its best reputation in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Southeast_University" title="Southeast University">Southeast University</a> is also among the most famous universities in China and is considered one of the best universities for Architecture and Engineering in China. Many universities in Nanjing have satellite campuses or have moved their main campus to <a href="/wiki/Xianlin_University_City" title="Xianlin University City">Xianlin University City</a> in the eastern suburb. Some of the other most prominent national universities in Nanjing are: </p><p>Some of the other most prominent national universities in Nanjing are: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_University" title="Southeast University">Southeast University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohai_University" title="Hohai University">Hohai University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Normal_University" title="Nanjing Normal University">Nanjing Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Xiaozhuang_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Xiaozhuang University">Nanjing Xiaozhuang University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Aeronautics_and_Astronautics" title="Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics">Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Nanjing University of Science and Technology">Nanjing University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Tech_University" title="Nanjing Tech University">Nanjing Tech University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Institute_of_Technology" title="Nanjing Institute of Technology">Nanjing Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Information_Science_and_Technology" title="Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology">Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Audit_University" title="Nanjing Audit University">Nanjing Audit University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Nanjing University of Finance and Economics">Nanjing University of Finance and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Posts_and_Telecommunications" title="Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications">Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Agricultural_University" title="Nanjing Agricultural University">Nanjing Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Forestry_University" title="Nanjing Forestry University">Nanjing Forestry University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Pharmaceutical_University" title="China Pharmaceutical University">China Pharmaceutical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Medical_University" title="Nanjing Medical University">Nanjing Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Chinese_Medicine" title="Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine">Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Sport_Institute" title="Nanjing Sport Institute">Nanjing Sport Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Arts_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Arts Institute">Nanjing Arts Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Second_Normal_University" title="Jiangsu Second Normal University">Jiangsu Second Normal University</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Private universities and colleges, such as <a href="/wiki/Communication_University_of_China,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Communication University of China, Nanjing">Communication University of China, Nanjing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hopkins-Nanjing_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopkins-Nanjing Center">Hopkins-Nanjing Center</a> are also located in the city. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_University_%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_(5811383105).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nanjing University, Gulou campus"><img alt="Nanjing University, Gulou campus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nanjing_University_%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_%285811383105%29.jpg/250px-Nanjing_University_%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_%285811383105%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nanjing_University_%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_%285811383105%29.jpg/500px-Nanjing_University_%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_%285811383105%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing University</a>, Gulou campus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 223.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 221.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_%E4%BB%99%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%A1%E5%8D%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nanjing University, Xianlin campus"><img alt="Nanjing University, Xianlin campus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_%E4%BB%99%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%A1%E5%8D%80.jpg/500px-%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_%E4%BB%99%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%A1%E5%8D%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_%E4%BB%99%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%A1%E5%8D%80.jpg/960px-%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_%E4%BB%99%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%A1%E5%8D%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nanjing University, Xianlin campus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auditorium_of_Southeast_University_in_winter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Southeast University, Sipailou campus"><img alt="Southeast University, Sipailou campus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Auditorium_of_Southeast_University_in_winter.jpg/249px-Auditorium_of_Southeast_University_in_winter.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Auditorium_of_Southeast_University_in_winter.jpg/375px-Auditorium_of_Southeast_University_in_winter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Auditorium_of_Southeast_University_in_winter.jpg/499px-Auditorium_of_Southeast_University_in_winter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_University" title="Southeast University">Southeast University</a>, Sipailou campus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Building_100,_Nanjing_Normal_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nanjing Normal University, Suiyuan campus"><img alt="Nanjing Normal University, Suiyuan campus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Building_100%2C_Nanjing_Normal_University.jpg/330px-Building_100%2C_Nanjing_Normal_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Building_100%2C_Nanjing_Normal_University.jpg/500px-Building_100%2C_Nanjing_Normal_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Building_100%2C_Nanjing_Normal_University.jpg/960px-Building_100%2C_Nanjing_Normal_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3002" data-file-height="1994" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Normal_University" title="Nanjing Normal University">Nanjing Normal University</a>, Suiyuan campus</div> </li> </ul> <p>Some notable high schools in Nanjing are: <a href="/wiki/Jiangpu_Senior_High_School" title="Jiangpu Senior High School">Jiangpu Senior High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinling_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinling High School">Jinling High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liuhe_First_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Liuhe First School">Liuhe First School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Foreign_Language_School" title="Nanjing Foreign Language School">Nanjing Foreign Language School</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Second_Yuying_Foreign_Languages_School_of_Nanjing" title="The Second Yuying Foreign Languages School of Nanjing">The Second Yuying Foreign Languages School of Nanjing</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_School_Affiliated_to_Nanjing_Normal_University" title="High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University">High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_No.1_High_School" title="Nanjing No.1 High School">Nanjing No.1 High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Zhonghua_High_School" title="Nanjing Zhonghua High School">Nanjing Zhonghua High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caulfield_Grammar_School#Nanjing_Campus" title="Caulfield Grammar School">Caulfield Grammar School (Nanjing Campus)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_No.29_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing No.29 High School (page does not exist)">Nanjing No.29 High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuhuatai_Senior_High_School" title="Yuhuatai Senior High School">Yuhuatai Senior High School</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities_and_twin_towns">Sister cities and twin towns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Sister cities and twin towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></div> <p>Nanjing is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Akko</a>, Israel</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</a>, Brunei</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barranquilla" title="Barranquilla">Barranquilla</a>, Colombia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%AAn_H%C3%B2a" title="Biên Hòa">Biên Hòa</a>, Vietnam</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a>, South Africa</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img alt="San Marino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">City of San Marino</a>, San Marino (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción, Chile</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Daejeon" title="Daejeon">Daejeon</a>, South Korea</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eindhoven" title="Eindhoven">Eindhoven</a>, Netherlands</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Katmandu" class="mw-redirect" title="Katmandu">Katmandu</a>, Nepal</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a>, Cyprus</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a>, Canada</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a>, Malaysia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/City_of_Melbourne" title="City of Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexicali_Municipality" title="Mexicali Municipality">Mexicali</a>, Mexico</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mogilev" title="Mogilev">Mogilev</a>, Belarus</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>, Japan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/City_of_Perth" title="City of Perth">Perth</a>, Australia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a>, Indonesia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a>, Iran<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap" title="Siem Reap">Siem Reap</a>, Cambodia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>, Namibia</li></ul> </div> <p>Nanjing's sister-city relationship with <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>, Japan, was suspended on February 21, 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following public comments by Nagoya mayor <a href="/wiki/Takashi_Kawamura_(politician)" title="Takashi Kawamura (politician)">Takashi Kawamura</a> denying the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20120222_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20120222-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-governmental relations have been subsequently restored.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xueqin_Cao" class="mw-redirect" title="Xueqin Cao">Xueqin Cao</a> (1715 or 1724 - 1763 or 1764), Writer; Author of <i><a href="/wiki/Dream_of_the_Red_Chamber" title="Dream of the Red Chamber">Dream of the Red Chamber</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhua_Gao" title="Anhua Gao">Anhua Gao</a> (born 1949), Chinese-British author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hsiao_Sa" title="Hsiao Sa">Hsiao Sa</a> (born 1953), <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_people" title="Taiwanese people">Taiwanese</a> author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_Tian" class="mw-redirect" title="Gang Tian">Gang Tian</a> (born 1958), Mathematician; Professor at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Xu_(neuroscientist)" title="Zhang Xu (neuroscientist)">Zhang Xu</a>, (born 1961), Chinese neuroscientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Jianmin_(democracy_activist)" title="Wu Jianmin (democracy activist)">Wu Jianmin</a> (born 1962), Chinese democracy activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Deng" title="Pan Deng">Pan Deng</a> (born 1964), artist and painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Zhonghan" title="Deng Zhonghan">Deng Zhonghan</a> (born 1968), Chinese electrical engineer and entrepreneur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu_Shu" title="Pu Shu">Pu Shu</a> (born 1973), Chinese singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei_Ting" title="Mei Ting">Mei Ting</a> (born 1975), Chinese actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai_Qing" title="Hai Qing">Hai Qing</a> (born 1978), Chinese actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni_Ni" title="Ni Ni">Ni Ni</a> (born 1988), Chinese actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiran_Wang" title="Shiran Wang">Shiran Wang</a> (born 1989), Chinese pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Lei" title="Wu Lei">Wu Lei</a> (born 1991), Chinese footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Anqi" title="Xu Anqi">Xu Anqi</a> (born 1992), Chinese fencer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zetian" title="Zhang Zetian">Zhang Zetian</a> (born 1993), youngest Chinese female billionaire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Keran" title="Lu Keran">Lu Keran</a> (born 1995), Chinese singer-dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenyu_Han" title="Cenyu Han">Cenyu Han</a> (born 2004), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Kang_(diplomat)" title="Lu Kang (diplomat)">Lu Kang</a>, Chinese ambassador to Indonesia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Hongjing" title="Tao Hongjing">Tao Hongjing</a> (456–536), a Taoist scholar, alchemist and pharmacist in the Qi and Liang dynasties of the Southern dynasty.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Shanxiang" title="Fu Shanxiang">Fu Shanxiang</a> (born 1833), the only female champion in Chinese history.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Kwang-chung" title="Yu Kwang-chung">Yu Guangzhong</a> (b.1928), a famous contemporary writer, poet, scholar and translator.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shuo" title="Wang Shuo">Wang Shuo</a> (born 1958), a Chinese writer and screenwriter.</li> <li>Zhang Guiping (born 1951), Chairman of Suning Global Group.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_Wall_of_Nanjing" title="City Wall of Nanjing">City Wall of Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Palace" title="Ming Palace">Ming Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niushoushan" title="Niushoushan">Niushoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyi_Lane" title="Wuyi Lane">Wuyi Lane</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nankinese, sometimes may be translated as Nanjinese, Nanjingese, Nankingese, Nanjinger, Nankiner, etc.. In Nanjing dialect there is no difference between Nanjing and Nanjin or between Nanking and Nankin. This means the two pronunciations Jing and Jin in Mandarin Chinese pronounce the same in Nanjing dialect, and king and kin are also the same.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li>English: <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">nan-<span style="font-size:90%">JING</span></i></a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">南京</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Nánjīng</span></i>; <small>Mandarin pronunciation: </small><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[nǎn.tɕíŋ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/20\/Zh-N%C3%A1nj%C4%ABng.oga\/Zh-N%C3%A1nj%C4%ABng.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-N\u00e1nj\u012bng.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/Zh-N%C3%A1nj%C4%ABng.oga/Zh-N%C3%A1nj%C4%ABng.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-N%C3%A1nj%C4%ABng.oga" title="File:Zh-Nánjīng.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Alternatively romanized</a> as <b>Nanking</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">nan-<span style="font-size:90%">KING</span></i></a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This renaming took place due to the crowning of Sima Ye (posthumously known as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Min_of_Jin" title="Emperor Min of Jin">Emperor Min of Jin</a>) as emperor to avoid <a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">naming taboo</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Since becoming a southern capital, the city has been called Nanjing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南京</span></span>) unofficially, and was officially named Nanjing after Beijing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">北京</span></span>) became a capital city during the early <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>; the name appears in Ming dynasty echo poem (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">蕭子顯《奉和昭明太子鐘山講解詩》: "崇嶽基舊宇, 盤嶺跨南京"</span></span>), for example. It's also unofficially called Nandu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南都</span></span>), and Nandu Fanhui Tu (<span lang="zh-Hant">《南都繁會圖》</span>; 'Nandu Prosperity Picture') is an example.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The prince was a grandson of the <a href="/wiki/Wanli_Emperor" title="Wanli Emperor">Wanli Emperor</a> (r. 1573–1620). The Wanli Emperor's attempt to name Zhu Yousong's father as heir apparent had been thwarted by supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Donglin_movement" title="Donglin movement">Donglin movement</a> because Zhu Yousong's father was not the Wanli Emperor's eldest son. Although this was three generations earlier, Donglin officials in Nanjing nonetheless feared that the prince might retaliate against them.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">romanized</a> at the time as <b>Kiangning</b> or simply referenced as <b>Nanking</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Huai (Huai of Jianghuai <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">江淮</span></span>) is a big river north of Jiang (the river <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a>), and the Zhe (Zhe of Jiangzhe <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">江浙</span></span>)) is a big river south of Jiang.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The areas covered by such geographical names as Jiangnan, Dongnan and Xiajiang are not precisely defined. In ancient times the area was known as <a href="/wiki/Yang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang Province">Yangchow</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">揚州</span></span>). Sometimes the term Jianghai (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">江海</span></span>) is used because the region is where the Jiang (<a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a>, river) empties into the Hai (sea).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liuchao Gudu Bowuguan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">六朝古都博物館</span></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jiangning Zhizao Bowuguan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">江甯織造博物館</span></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nanjing Minsu Bowuguan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">南京民俗博物館</span></span>), located in Ganxi House (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">甘熙宅第</span></span>) which is said to be the largest Chinese private house, with the nickname Ninety Nine and a Half Rooms.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A small museum and tomb honoring the 15th century seafaring admiral <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a> although his body was buried at sea off the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> near Calicut in western India.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jinling Shufa Silao Jinianguan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">金陵書法四老紀念館, 胡小石、林散之、蕭嫻、高二適</span></span>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2014</span> – via people.com.cn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%B5%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%88&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com.cn%2FGB%2Fpaper1631%2F10837%2F984363.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xinhua01-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xinhua01_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131119060012/http://news.xinhuanet.com/city/2012-10/09/c_123799207.htm"><bdi lang="zh">南京介绍</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua News">Xinhua News</a>. October 9, 2012. 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Jiangsu People's Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jiangsu.gov.cn/touzizhe/tzhj/xzqh">the original</a> on November 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%9F%E8%8B%8F%E7%9C%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D&rft.pub=Jiangsu+People%27s+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiangsu.gov.cn%2Ftouzizhe%2Ftzhj%2Fxzqh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-questia.com-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-questia.com_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-questia.com_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rita Yi Man Li, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140510192332/http://www.questia.com/read/1G1-219656778">"A Study on the Impact of Culture, Economic, History and Legal Systems Which Affect the Provisions of Fittings by Residential Developers in Boston, Hong Kong and Nanjing"</a>, <i>Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal</i>. <b>1</b>:3–4. 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crespigny_2004_loc=3-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crespigny_2004_loc=3_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crespigny_2004_loc=3_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrespigny2004">Crespigny 2004</a>, 3<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCrespigny2004 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Harvard_citation_documentation#Wikilink_to_citation_does_not_work" title="Template:Harvard citation documentation"><span title="Template:Harvard citation documentation#Wikilink to citation does not work (January 2018)">citation not found</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-capital-nanking-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-capital-nanking_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121222043041/http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/newDict/dict.sh?cond=%ABn%A8%CA%A5%AB&pieceLen=50&fld=1&cat=&serial=1&recNo=0&op=&imgFont=1"><bdi lang="zh">南京市</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">重編囯語辭典修訂本</bdi> (in Traditional Chinese). Ministry of Education, ROC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/newDict/dict.sh?cond=%ABn%A8%CA%A5%AB&pieceLen=50&fld=1&cat=&serial=1&recNo=0&op=&imgFont=1">the original</a> on December 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2011</span>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">民國十六年, 國民政府宣言定為首都, 今以臺北市為我國中央政府所在地.</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Education%2C+ROC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdict.revised.moe.edu.tw%2Fcgi-bin%2FnewDict%2Fdict.sh%3Fcond%3D%25ABn%25A8%25CA%25A5%25AB%26pieceLen%3D50%26fld%3D1%26cat%3D%26serial%3D1%26recNo%3D0%26op%3D%26imgFont%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSu2022" class="citation web cs1">Su, Yiyu (September 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinanews.com.cn/sh/2022/09-18/9855158.shtml">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"九一八"事变91周年南京鸣警钟响警报铭记历史-中新网"</a>. <i>www.chinanews.com.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929105708/http://www.chinanews.com.cn/sh/2022/09-18/9855158.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chinanews.com.cn&rft.atitle=%22%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%22%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%9891%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4+%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E9%B8%A3%E8%AD%A6%E9%92%9F%E5%93%8D%E8%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5%E9%93%AD%E8%AE%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2-%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B0%E7%BD%91&rft.date=2022-09-18&rft.aulast=Su&rft.aufirst=Yiyu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinanews.com.cn%2Fsh%2F2022%2F09-18%2F9855158.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF网易" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">网易. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.163.com/13/1205/09/9FARCI7400014AED.html"><bdi lang="zh">北阴阳营遗址上发现过酒器(组图)_网易新闻</bdi></a>. <i>news.163.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128231158/http://news.163.com/13/1205/09/9FARCI7400014AED.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.163.com&rft.atitle=%E5%8C%97%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3%E8%90%A5%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E8%BF%87%E9%85%92%E5%99%A8%28%E7%BB%84%E5%9B%BE%29_%E7%BD%91%E6%98%93%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&rft.au=%E7%BD%91%E6%98%93&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.163.com%2F13%2F1205%2F09%2F9FARCI7400014AED.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081022215319/http://www.huaxia.com/wh/kgfx/2007/00714504.html"><bdi lang="zh">陶吴发现南京最大周代土墩墓(图)</bdi></a>. <i>huaxia.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huaxia.com/wh/kgfx/2007/00714504.html">the original</a> on October 22, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=huaxia.com&rft.atitle=%E9%99%B6%E5%90%B4%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%91%A8%E4%BB%A3%E5%9C%9F%E5%A2%A9%E5%A2%93%28%E5%9B%BE%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huaxia.com%2Fwh%2Fkgfx%2F2007%2F00714504.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">金陵在春秋時本吳地, 未有城邑.惟石頭城東有冶城.傳雲, 夫差冶鑄於此.即今朝天宮地.</span></span>) <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">金陵古今圖考</span></span> (<i>Illustrated Study of Past and Present Nanjing</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vitomag.com/history/n4vj33"><bdi lang="zh">南京的古城邑及其考古發現: 金陵邑</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">南京考古</bdi> (in Chinese). August 30, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127212323/https://vitomag.com/history/n4vj33">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%91%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%3A+%E9%87%91%E9%99%B5%E9%82%91&rft.date=2019-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvitomag.com%2Fhistory%2Fn4vj33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131120195021/http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2006-06/07/content_4656661.htm"><bdi lang="zh">南京六朝石刻现状调查: 在田野与工地间寻找国宝</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. June 7, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2006-06/07/content_4656661.htm">the original</a> on November 20, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%9D%E7%9F%B3%E5%88%BB%E7%8E%B0%E7%8A%B6%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%3A+%E5%9C%A8%E7%94%B0%E9%87%8E%E4%B8%8E%E5%B7%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%97%B4%E5%AF%BB%E6%89%BE%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%9D&rft.date=2006-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fnewscenter%2F2006-06%2F07%2Fcontent_4656661.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liu-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-liu_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-liu_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shufen Liu, "Jiankang and the Commercial Empire of the Southern Dynasties", in Pearce, Spiro, Ebrey eds. <i>Culture and Power</i>, 2001:35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="zh">六朝名都崛起江东</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002051535/http://njdfz.nje.cn/UpLoadFile/html/%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%971-4%E5%86%8C/html/ANoame002.html"><bdi lang="zh">南京市志(第1册)</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://njdfz.nje.cn/UpLoadFile/html/%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%971-4%E5%86%8C/html/ANoame002.html">the original</a> on October 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%8D%E9%83%BD%E5%B4%9B%E8%B5%B7%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%9C&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%97%28%E7%AC%AC1%E5%86%8C%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnjdfz.nje.cn%2FUpLoadFile%2Fhtml%2F%25E5%25B8%2582%25E5%25BF%25971-4%25E5%2586%258C%2Fhtml%2FANoame002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">《金陵记》</span></span>: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">"梁都之时, 城中二十八万户, 西至石头, 东至倪塘, 南至石子冈, 北过蒋山, 东西南北各四十里."</span></span><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiang_Baiquan1998" class="citation book cs1">Liang Baiquan (1998). <i><span></span></i>Nanjing-de Liu Chao Shike<i> (Nanjing's Six Dynasties' Sculptures)</i>. 南京出版社. pp. <span class="nowrap">53–</span>54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-80614-376-9" title="Special:BookSources/7-80614-376-9"><bdi>7-80614-376-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nanjing-de+Liu+Chao+Shike+%28Nanjing%27s+Six+Dynasties%27+Sculptures%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.pub=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=7-80614-376-9&rft.au=Liang+Baiquan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert E. Dien, <i>Six Dynasties Civilization</i>. Yale University Press, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-07404-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-07404-2">0-300-07404-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CeJD5BaQPPsC">Partial text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930090747/https://books.google.com/books?id=CeJD5BaQPPsC">Archived</a> September 30, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on Google Books. P. 190. A reconstruction of the original form of the ensemble is shown in Fig. 5.19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019220014/http://www.jllib.org.cn/ffy/nclmsksy/xiaoxiumusk.htm"><bdi lang="zh">梁安成康王萧秀墓石刻</bdi></a>. Jllib.org.cn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jllib.org.cn/ffy/nclmsksy/xiaoxiumusk.htm">the original</a> on October 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%A2%81%E5%AE%89%E6%88%90%E5%BA%B7%E7%8E%8B%E8%90%A7%E7%A7%80%E5%A2%93%E7%9F%B3%E5%88%BB&rft.pub=Jllib.org.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jllib.org.cn%2Fffy%2Fnclmsksy%2Fxiaoxiumusk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSun2011" class="citation book cs1">Sun, Cecile Chu-chin (2011). <i>The Poetics of Repetition in English and Chinese Lyric Poetry</i>. University of Chicago Press. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-78020-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-78020-7"><bdi>978-0-226-78020-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poetics+of+Repetition+in+English+and+Chinese+Lyric+Poetry&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-226-78020-7&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Cecile+Chu-chin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="zh">南唐再兴金陵城</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102060626/http://njdfz.nje.cn/UpLoadFile/html/%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%971-4%E5%86%8C/html/ANoame008.html"><bdi lang="zh">南京市志(第1册)</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://njdfz.nje.cn/UpLoadFile/html/%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%971-4%E5%86%8C/html/ANoame008.html">the original</a> on November 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%97%E5%94%90%E5%86%8D%E5%85%B4%E9%87%91%E9%99%B5%E5%9F%8E&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%97%28%E7%AC%AC1%E5%86%8C%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnjdfz.nje.cn%2FUpLoadFile%2Fhtml%2F%25E5%25B8%2582%25E5%25BF%25971-4%25E5%2586%258C%2Fhtml%2FANoame008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohannes_L._Kurz2011" class="citation book cs1">Johannes L. Kurz (2011). <i>China's Southern Tang Dynasty, 937–976</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Southern+Tang+Dynasty%2C+937%E2%80%93976&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Johannes+L.+Kurz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFranke1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Franke_(sinologist)" title="Herbert Franke (sinologist)">Franke, Herbert</a> (1994). "The Chin dynasty". In <a href="/wiki/Denis_Twitchett" title="Denis Twitchett">Twitchett, Denis</a>; John King Fairbank (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710–1368</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5"><bdi>978-0-521-24331-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Chin+dynasty&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+6%2C+Alien+Regimes+and+Border+States%2C+710%E2%80%931368&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24331-5&rft.aulast=Franke&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTao2009" class="citation book cs1">Tao, Jing-Shen (2009). "The Move to the South and the Reign of Kao-tsung". In Paul Jakov Smith; Denis C. Twitchett (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 5, The Sung Dynasty and Its Precursors, 907–1279</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 647. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81248-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81248-1"><bdi>978-0-521-81248-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Move+to+the+South+and+the+Reign+of+Kao-tsung&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+5%2C+The+Sung+Dynasty+and+Its+Precursors%2C+907%E2%80%931279&rft.pages=647&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81248-1&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Jing-Shen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the 3rd year of Jianyan (1129), Jiankang became Temporary Capital (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">行都</span></span>) of Song, being set as Eastern Capital. Although people like <a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a> stood for the imperial court being in the city, eventually in the 8th year of Shaoxing (1139) it withdrew from Jiankang to Lin'an (present <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>), and since then the city became the "Preserving Capital" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">留都</span></span>) of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="zh">隋唐州县南唐国都</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102060624/http://njdfz.nje.cn/UpLoadFile/html/%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%971-4%E5%86%8C/html/ANoame079.html"><bdi lang="zh">南京市志(第1册)</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://njdfz.nje.cn/UpLoadFile/html/%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%971-4%E5%86%8C/html/ANoame079.html">the original</a> on November 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90%E5%B7%9E%E5%8E%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%94%90%E5%9B%BD%E9%83%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%97%28%E7%AC%AC1%E5%86%8C%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnjdfz.nje.cn%2FUpLoadFile%2Fhtml%2F%25E5%25B8%2582%25E5%25BF%25971-4%25E5%2586%258C%2Fhtml%2FANoame079.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYule2002131-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYule2002131_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYule2002">Yule 2002</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ebrey_cambridge_191-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ebrey_cambridge_191_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ebrey (1999), 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFei2009" class="citation book cs1">Fei, Si-yen (2009). <i>Negotiating Urban Space: Urbanization and Late Ming Nanjing</i>. Cambridge, M.A.: Harvard University Asia Center. p. 80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Negotiating+Urban+Space%3A+Urbanization+and+Late+Ming+Nanjing&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+M.A.&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Asia+Center&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Fei&rft.aufirst=Si-yen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurnbull,_Stephen_R.Steve_Noon2009" class="citation book cs1">Turnbull, Stephen R.; Steve Noon (2009). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinesewalledcit00turn"><i>Chinese Walled Cities 221 BC-AD 1644</i></a></span>. Osprey Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinesewalledcit00turn/page/n61">61</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-381-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-381-0"><bdi>978-1-84603-381-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Walled+Cities+221+BC-AD+1644&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-381-0&rft.au=Turnbull%2C+Stephen+R.&rft.au=Steve+Noon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinesewalledcit00turn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnsight_Guides1997" class="citation book cs1">Ansight Guides (1997). <i>Insight Guides: China 5/E</i>. Apa Publications. p. 268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-66287-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-66287-7"><bdi>0-395-66287-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Insight+Guides%3A+China+5%2FE&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=Apa+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-395-66287-7&rft.au=Ansight+Guides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714185311/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm">"Largest Cities Through History"</a>. Geography.about.com. November 14, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm">the original</a> on July 14, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Largest+Cities+Through+History&rft.pub=Geography.about.com&rft.date=2013-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fweekly%2Faa011201a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dr7-13940-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dr7-13940_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dr7-13940_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dr7-13940_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dr7-13940_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDreyer2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Dreyer" title="Edward L. Dreyer">Dreyer, Edward L.</a> (2007). <i>Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433</i>. New York: Pearson Longman. pp. <span class="nowrap">139–</span>140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780321084439" title="Special:BookSources/9780321084439"><bdi>9780321084439</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zheng+He%3A+China+and+the+Oceans+in+the+Early+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1405%E2%80%931433&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E139-%3C%2Fspan%3E140&rft.pub=Pearson+Longman&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780321084439&rft.aulast=Dreyer&rft.aufirst=Edward+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ch98-282-3-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ch98-282-3_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch98-282-3_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChan1998" class="citation book cs1">Chan, Hok-lam (1998). "The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsüan-te reigns, 1399–1435". <i>The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">282–</span>283. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521243322" title="Special:BookSources/9780521243322"><bdi>9780521243322</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Chien-wen%2C+Yung-lo%2C+Hung-hsi%2C+and+Hs%C3%BCan-te+reigns%2C+1399%E2%80%931435&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%2C+Volume+7%3A+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368%E2%80%931644%2C+Part+1&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E282-%3C%2Fspan%3E283&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780521243322&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Hok-lam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDreyer2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Dreyer" title="Edward L. Dreyer">Dreyer, Edward L.</a> (2007). <i>Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433</i>. New York: Pearson Longman. pp. <span class="nowrap">140–</span>141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780321084439" title="Special:BookSources/9780321084439"><bdi>9780321084439</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zheng+He%3A+China+and+the+Oceans+in+the+Early+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1405%E2%80%931433&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E140-%3C%2Fspan%3E141&rft.pub=Pearson+Longman&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780321084439&rft.aulast=Dreyer&rft.aufirst=Edward+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDreyer2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Dreyer" title="Edward L. Dreyer">Dreyer, Edward L.</a> (2007). <i>Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433</i>. New York: Pearson Longman. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780321084439" title="Special:BookSources/9780321084439"><bdi>9780321084439</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zheng+He%3A+China+and+the+Oceans+in+the+Early+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1405%E2%80%931433&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Pearson+Longman&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780321084439&rft.aulast=Dreyer&rft.aufirst=Edward+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jonathan D. Spence. <i>God's Chinese Son</i>, New York 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, S. Wells. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/yale.39002013393773">The Middle Kingdom: a Survey of the Geography, Government, Literature, Social Life, Arts, & History of the Chinese Empire & its Inhabitants</a></i>, Vol. 1. Scribner (New York), 1904.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYangLu2001616–617-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYangLu2001616–617_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYangLu2001">Yang & Lu 2001</a>, pp. 616–617.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johannes L. Kurz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsc.iseas.edu.sg/documents/working_papers/ncswps004.pdf">"Boni in Chinese Sources: Translations of Relevant Texts from the Song to the Qing Dynasties"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110022455/http://nsc.iseas.edu.sg/documents/working_papers/ncswps004.pdf">Archived</a> November 10, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre Working Paper No 4 (July 2011).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985346-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985346_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWakeman1985">Wakeman 1985</a>, p. 346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve1988644-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve1988644_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStruve1988">Struve 1988</a>, p. 644.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve1988642-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve1988642_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStruve1988">Struve 1988</a>, p. 642.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve199355–56-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve199355–56_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStruve1993">Struve 1993</a>, pp. 55–56.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFStruve1993 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve199360–61-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve199360–61_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStruve1993">Struve 1993</a>, pp. 60–61.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFStruve1993 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve199362–63-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve199362–63_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStruve1993">Struve 1993</a>, pp. 62–63.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFStruve1993 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985578-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985578_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWakeman1985">Wakeman 1985</a>, p. 578.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985647-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985647_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWakeman1985">Wakeman 1985</a>, p. 647.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve1988662-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve1988662_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStruve1988">Struve 1988</a>, p. 662.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDennerline2002">Dennerline 2002</a>, p. 87 (which calls this edict "the most untimely promulgation of [Dorgon's] career."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStruve199364–65,_72-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStruve199364–65,_72_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStruve1993">Struve 1993</a>, pp. 64–65, 72.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFStruve1993 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHo2011" class="citation thesis cs1">Ho, Dahpon David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk3t096"><i>Sealords live in vain : Fujian and the making of a maritime frontier in seventeenth-century China</i></a> (A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History). UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO. pp. <span class="nowrap">149–</span>150. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404092359/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk3t096">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Sealords+live+in+vain+%3A+Fujian+and+the+making+of+a+maritime+frontier+in+seventeenth-century+China&rft.inst=UNIVERSITY+OF+CALIFORNIA%2C+SAN+DIEGO&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=Dahpon+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F3pk3t096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYim2009" class="citation book cs1">Yim, Lawrence C.H (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fI99WIDOVrgC&pg=PA109"><i>The Poet-historian Qian Qianyi</i></a>. Routledge. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1134006069" title="Special:BookSources/978-1134006069"><bdi>978-1134006069</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230413163231/https://books.google.com/books?id=fI99WIDOVrgC&pg=PA109">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poet-historian+Qian+Qianyi&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1134006069&rft.aulast=Yim&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+C.H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfI99WIDOVrgC%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JR.1985-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JR.1985_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFREDERIC_WAKEMAN_JR.1985" class="citation book cs1">FREDERIC WAKEMAN JR. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8nXLwSG2O8AC&pg=PA1047"><i>The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">1047–</span>1048. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04804-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04804-1"><bdi>978-0-520-04804-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408150128/https://books.google.com/books?id=8nXLwSG2O8AC&pg=PA1047">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Enterprise%3A+The+Manchu+Reconstruction+of+Imperial+Order+in+Seventeenth-century+China&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1047-%3C%2Fspan%3E1048&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-520-04804-1&rft.au=FREDERIC+WAKEMAN+JR.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8nXLwSG2O8AC%26pg%3DPA1047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="zh">清督驻所太平天国定鼎</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://njdfz.nje.cn/UpLoadFile/html/%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%971-4%E5%86%8C/html/ANoame093.html"><bdi lang="zh">南京市志(第1册)</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E6%B8%85%E7%9D%A3%E9%A9%BB%E6%89%80%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%9A%E9%BC%8E&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%97%28%E7%AC%AC1%E5%86%8C%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnjdfz.nje.cn%2FUpLoadFile%2Fhtml%2F%25E5%25B8%2582%25E5%25BF%25971-4%25E5%2586%258C%2Fhtml%2FANoame093.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCassel2003" class="citation cs2">Cassel, Pär (2003), "Excavating Extraterritoriality: The "Judicial Sub-Prefect" as a Prototype for the Mixed Court in Shanghai", <i>Late Imperial China</i>, vol. 24, pp. <span class="nowrap">156–</span>182</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Excavating+Extraterritoriality%3A+The+%22Judicial+Sub-Prefect%22+as+a+Prototype+for+the+Mixed+Court+in+Shanghai&rft.btitle=Late+Imperial+China&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E156-%3C%2Fspan%3E182&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Cassel&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A4r&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://necrometrics.com/wars19c.htm#Taiping">Necrometrics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150430180518/http://necrometrics.com/wars19c.htm%23Venez1859#Taiping">Archived</a> 2015-04-30 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>." <i>Nineteenth Century Death Tolls</i> cites a number of sources, some of which are reliable.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ho Ping-ti. STUDIES ON THE POPULATION OF CHINA, 1368–1953. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. p. 237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pelissier, Roger. THE AWAKENING OF CHINA: 1793–1949. Edited and Translated by Martin Kieffer. New York: Putnam, 1967. p. 109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrawford" class="citation cs2">Crawford, Stanley, <i>Man on a Mission</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+on+a+Mission&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fu Jing-hui, An Introduction of Chinese and Foreign History of War, 2003, p.109–111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_E._Woods_(translator)" title="John E. Woods (translator)">John E. Woods</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Man_of_Nanking,_the_Diaries_of_John_Rabe" class="mw-redirect" title="The Good Man of Nanking, the Diaries of John Rabe">The Good Man of Nanking, the Diaries of John Rabe</a></i>, 1998 P. 275-278</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Document sent by former Japanese foreign minister <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dki_Hirota" title="Kōki Hirota">Kōki Hirota</a> to the Japanese Embassy in Washington on January 17, 1938, (Ref. National Archives, Washington, D.C., Released in Sept. 1994.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNarangoaCribb2003" class="citation book cs1">Narangoa, Li; Cribb, R.B. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaports.com/monthlythruput/2012-12/query">the original</a> on June 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2017</span> – via OECD iLibrary.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OECD+Urban+Policy+Reviews%3A+China+2015%2C+OECD+READ+edition&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=OECD&rft.date=2015-04-18&rft.issn=2306-9341&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1787%2F9789264230040-en&rft.isbn=9789264230033&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keepeek.com%2FDigital-Asset-Management%2Foecd%2Furban-rural-and-regional-development%2Foecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en%23page39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span>Linked from the OECD <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/china/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015-9789264230040-en.htm">here</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171209044027/http://www.oecd.org/china/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015-9789264230040-en.htm">Archived</a> December 9, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiu_Shaowu_(刘绍武)2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Liu Shaowu (刘绍武) (2011). <bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国全国分县市人口统计资料</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese). 群众出版社. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787501449170" title="Special:BookSources/9787501449170"><bdi>9787501449170</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.pub=%E7%BE%A4%E4%BC%97%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9787501449170&rft.au=Liu+Shaowu+%28%E5%88%98%E7%BB%8D%E6%AD%A6%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111118092730/http://www.njtj.gov.cn/_siteId/4/pageId/63/columnId/3457/articleId/85261/DisplayInfo.aspy"><bdi lang="zh">南京市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). 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August 26, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.njmzzj.gov.cn/column/column_27/col_27.html">the original</a> on May 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nanjing+Foreign+Affairs+Service+Association&rft.atitle=And+the+Winners+Are...+International+Photo+Competition+Concludes&rft.date=2022-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfasa.org.cn%2Fand-the-winners-are-international-photo-competition-concludes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_164-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">100 National Key Universities are universities of <a href="/wiki/Project_211" title="Project 211">Project 211</a> whose name comes from the abbreviation of 100 national key universities in the 21st century. There are 8 universities listed in Project 211 in Nanjing, 9 in Shanghai, and 23 in Beijing. According to Nature Index released in January 2018, Nanjing University is listed as one of the world top 10 universities.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2024-science-cities/tables/overall">"Leading 200 science cities | | Supplements | Nature Index"</a>. <i>www.nature.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nature.com&rft.atitle=Leading+200+science+cities+%7C+%7C+Supplements+%7C+Nature+Index&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature-index%2Fsupplements%2Fnature-index-2024-science-cities%2Ftables%2Foverall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_166-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/chemistry">"Leading 50 science cities in chemistry | Nature Index 2023 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index"</a>. <i>www.nature.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122061404/https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/chemistry">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nature.com&rft.atitle=Leading+50+science+cities+in+chemistry+%7C+Nature+Index+2023+Science+Cities+%7C+Supplements+%7C+Nature+Index&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature-index%2Fsupplements%2Fnature-index-2023-science-cities%2Ftables%2Fchemistry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/earth-and-environmental">"Leading 50 science cities in Earth & environmental sciences | Nature Index 2023 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index"</a>. <i>www.nature.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122061403/https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/earth-and-environmental">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nature.com&rft.atitle=Leading+50+science+cities+in+Earth+%26+environmental+sciences+%7C+Nature+Index+2023+Science+Cities+%7C+Supplements+%7C+Nature+Index&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature-index%2Fsupplements%2Fnature-index-2023-science-cities%2Ftables%2Fearth-and-environmental&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/city-rankings/2017">"QS Best Student Cities 2017"</a>. <i>Top Universities</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170218070525/https://www.topuniversities.com/city-rankings/2017">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Top+Universities&rft.atitle=QS+Best+Student+Cities+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Fcity-rankings%2F2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2017/reputation-ranking">"World Reputation Rankings"</a>. <i>Times Higher Education (THE)</i>. June 5, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170617115713/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2017/reputation-ranking">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education+%28THE%29&rft.atitle=World+Reputation+Rankings&rft.date=2017-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2017%2Freputation-ranking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wb.nanjing.gov.cn/njszfwsbgs/201810/t20181023_616096.html">"南京市友城及友好合作城市名录"</a>. <i>nanjing.gov.cn</i> (in Chinese). Nanjing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702221442/http://wb.nanjing.gov.cn/njszfwsbgs/201810/t20181023_616096.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nanjing.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%8F%8A%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwb.nanjing.gov.cn%2Fnjszfwsbgs%2F201810%2Ft20181023_616096.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarducci2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Barducci, Giacomo (January 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/giunta-di-castello-di-citta-e-contea-di-nanjing-siglato-gemellaggio-a200459">"San Marino City - Nanjing partnership"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116012833/https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/giunta-di-castello-di-citta-e-contea-di-nanjing-siglato-gemellaggio-a200459">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Marino+City+-+Nanjing+partnership&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft.aulast=Barducci&rft.aufirst=Giacomo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanmarinortv.sm%2Fnews%2Fattualita-c4%2Fgiunta-di-castello-di-citta-e-contea-di-nanjing-siglato-gemellaggio-a200459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617140258/https://en.shiraz.ir/RContent/2XT5C73E-Sister-Cities.aspx">"Sister Cities"</a>. <i>shiraz.ir</i>. Shiraz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.shiraz.ir/RContent/2XT5C73E-Sister-Cities.aspx">the original</a> on June 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shiraz.ir&rft.atitle=Sister+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.shiraz.ir%2FRContent%2F2XT5C73E-Sister-Cities.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWang2012" class="citation web cs1">Wang, Chuhan (February 22, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022220/http://english.cntv.cn/20120222/107289.shtml">"Nanjing suspends official contact with Nagoya"</a>. CNTV. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.cntv.cn/20120222/107289.shtml">the original</a> on March 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nanjing+suspends+official+contact+with+Nagoya&rft.pub=CNTV&rft.date=2012-02-22&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Chuhan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.cntv.cn%2F20120222%2F107289.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt20120222-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt20120222_174-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFackler2012" class="citation news cs1">Fackler, Martin (February 22, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/asia/chinese-city-severs-ties-after-japanese-mayor-denies-massacre.html">"Chinese City Severs Ties After Japanese Mayor Denies Massacre"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225213746/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/asia/chinese-city-severs-ties-after-japanese-mayor-denies-massacre.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Chinese+City+Severs+Ties+After+Japanese+Mayor+Denies+Massacre&rft.date=2012-02-22&rft.aulast=Fackler&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F02%2F23%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchinese-city-severs-ties-after-japanese-mayor-denies-massacre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wb.nanjing.gov.cn/english_67934/sistercitiesn/202101/t20210128_2808446.html">"Nanjing Foreign Affairs Office"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208074556/https://wb.nanjing.gov.cn/english_67934/sistercitiesn/202101/t20210128_2808446.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nanjing+Foreign+Affairs+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwb.nanjing.gov.cn%2Fenglish_67934%2Fsistercitiesn%2F202101%2Ft20210128_2808446.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Nanjing#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Nanjing">Timeline of Nanjing § Bibliography</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCotterell2007" class="citation book cs1">Cotterell, Arthur (2007). <i>The Imperial Capitals of China – An Inside View of the Celestial Empire</i>. London: Pimlico. pp. 304 pages. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-009-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-009-5"><bdi>978-1-84595-009-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Capitals+of+China+%E2%80%93+An+Inside+View+of+the+Celestial+Empire&rft.place=London&rft.pages=304+pages&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84595-009-5&rft.aulast=Cotterell&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDanielson,_Eric_N.2004" class="citation book cs1">Danielson, Eric N. (2004). <i>Nanjing and the Lower Yangzi River</i>. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish/Times Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-232-598-0" title="Special:BookSources/981-232-598-0"><bdi>981-232-598-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nanjing+and+the+Lower+Yangzi+River&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish%2FTimes+Editions&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=981-232-598-0&rft.au=Danielson%2C+Eric+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDennerline2002" class="citation book cs1">Dennerline, Jerry (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hi2THl2FUZ4C&pg=PA73">"The Shun-chih Reign"</a>. In Peterson, Willard J. (ed.). <i>Cambridge History of China, Vol. 9, Part 1: The Ch'ing Dynasty to 1800</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">73–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-24334-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-24334-3"><bdi>0-521-24334-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Shun-chih+Reign&rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+China%2C+Vol.+9%2C+Part+1%3A+The+Ch%27ing+Dynasty+to+1800&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-24334-3&rft.aulast=Dennerline&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhi2THl2FUZ4C%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJun_Fang2014" class="citation book cs1">Jun Fang (May 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LFihAwAAQBAJ"><i>China's Second Capital – Nanjing Under the Ming, 1368-1644</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-00845-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-00845-1"><bdi>978-1-135-00845-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Second+Capital+%E2%80%93+Nanjing+Under+the+Ming%2C+1368-1644&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-05-23&rft.isbn=978-1-135-00845-1&rft.au=Jun+Fang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLFihAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEigner,_Julius1938" class="citation book cs1">Eigner, Julius (February 1938). <i>"The Rise and Fall of Nanking" in National Geographic Vol. LXXIII No.2</i>. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Nanking%22+in+National+Geographic+Vol.+LXXIII+No.2&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=National+Geographic&rft.date=1938-02&rft.au=Eigner%2C+Julius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFarmer,_Edward_L.1976" class="citation book cs1">Farmer, Edward L. (1976). <i>Early Ming Government: The Evolution of Dual Capitals</i>. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Ming+Government%3A+The+Evolution+of+Dual+Capitals&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Farmer%2C+Edward+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHobart,_Alice_Tisdale1927" class="citation book cs1">Hobart, Alice Tisdale (1927). <i>Within the Walls of Nanking</i>. 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Yale University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">55–</span>72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-07553-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-07553-7"><bdi>0-300-07553-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+%22The+emperor+really+has+left%22%3A+Nanjing+changes+hands&rft.btitle=Voices+from+the+Ming-Qing+Cataclysm%3A+China+in+Tigers%27+Jaws&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E55-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-300-07553-7&rft.au=Struve%2C+Lynn+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTeng,_Ssu_Yu1944" class="citation book cs1">Teng, Ssu Yu (1944). <i>Chang Hsi (Zhang Xi) and the Treaty of Nanking, 1842</i>. Chicago: Chicago University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chang+Hsi+%28Zhang+Xi%29+and+the+Treaty+of+Nanking%2C+1842&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Chicago+University+Press&rft.date=1944&rft.au=Teng%2C+Ssu+Yu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThurston,_Mrs._Lawrence_(Matilda)1955" class="citation book cs1">Thurston, Mrs. Lawrence (Matilda) (1955). <i>Ginling College</i>. New York: United Board for Christian Colleges in China.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ginling+College&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=United+Board+for+Christian+Colleges+in+China&rft.date=1955&rft.au=Thurston%2C+Mrs.+Lawrence+%28Matilda%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTill,_Barry1982" class="citation book cs1">Till, Barry (1982). <i>In Search of Old Nanking</i>. 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Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Years+of+Nationalist+China&rft.place=Shanghai&rft.pub=Kelly+and+Walsh&rft.date=1930&rft.au=Tyau%2C+T.Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUchiyama,_Kiyoshi1910" class="citation book cs1">Uchiyama, Kiyoshi (1910). <i>Guide to Nanking</i>. 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Nanjing Daxue Chubanshe (Nanjing University Press). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-305-03669-2" title="Special:BookSources/7-305-03669-2"><bdi>7-305-03669-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nanjing+Ming-Qing+Jianzhu+%28Ming+and+Qing+architecture+of+Nanjing%29&rft.pub=Nanjing+Daxue+Chubanshe+%28Nanjing+University+Press%29&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=7-305-03669-2&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Xinhua&rft.au=Lu%2C+Haiming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYule2002" class="citation cs2">Yule, Henry (2002), <i>The Travels of Friar Odoric</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Travels+of+Friar+Odoric&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Yule&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nanjing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nanjing">Nanjing</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nanjing" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Nanjing">Nanjing</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nanking" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Nanking">Nanking</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nan-ching" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Nan-ching">Nan-ching</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Nanjing#Q16666" class="extiw" title="voy:Nanjing">Nanjing</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nanjing.gov.cn">Nanjing Government website</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181124120837/http://www.nanjing.gov.cn/">Archived</a> November 24, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nanjing.jiangsu.net">Nanjing English guide with open directory</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315013237/http://nanjing.jiangsu.net/">Archived</a> March 15, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenanjinger.com">The Nanjinger: Nanjing's largest English news network with city guide</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701141458/https://www.thenanjinger.com/">Archived</a> July 1, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100829195524/http://www.jsnj.org/doc-view-13.html#3">List of Nanjing Government Departments</a> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/china_city_plans/txu-oclc-6566120.jpg">Historic US Army map of Nanjing, 1945</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605100601/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/china_city_plans/txu-oclc-6566120.jpg">Archived</a> June 5, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/295">"Nanking Illustrated"</a> from 1624. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130606010341/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/295/">Archived</a> June 6, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Beijing</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> </b><br />1368–1420 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Beijing</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> </b><br />1928–1937 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> (wartime)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> (wartime)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> </b><br />1945–1949 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> (after April 23)<br /><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> (<i>de facto</i>)<br /><small>for the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Beijing<br /><small>for the People's Republic of China</small></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Nanjing26" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Nanjing</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a> (Anhui): <a href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a>: Urban area, <a href="/wiki/Lai%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Lai'an">Lai'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quanjiao" class="mw-redirect" title="Quanjiao">Quanjiao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hexian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexian">Hexian</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Nanjing</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jurong" title="Jurong">Jurong</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a> (Anhui): Urban area, <a href="/wiki/Dangtu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dangtu">Dangtu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a>: Urban area</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a> (Anhui): <a href="/wiki/Langxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Langxi">Langxi</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Nanjing341" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nanjing" title="Template:Nanjing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nanjing" title="Template talk:Nanjing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nanjing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Nanjing341" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">City of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanjing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_District,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuanwu District, Nanjing">Xuanwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinhuai District">Qinhuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianye_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianye District">Jianye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Nanjing">Gulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukou District">Pukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luhe District">Luhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qixia District">Qixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhuatai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhuatai District">Yuhuatai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangning District">Jiangning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lishui District">Lishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaochun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaochun District">Gaochun</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Baixia District">Baixia</a> (defunct)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiaguan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiaguan District">Xiaguan</a> (defunct)</i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Subdivisions_of_Nanjing-China.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nanjing"><img alt="Nanjing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Subdivisions_of_Nanjing-China.png/120px-Subdivisions_of_Nanjing-China.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Subdivisions_of_Nanjing-China.png/250px-Subdivisions_of_Nanjing-China.png 1.5x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="737" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Parks and lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Gate_Castle_Park" title="China Gate Castle Park">China Gate Castle Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couple_Park_(Nanjing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Couple Park (Nanjing)">Couple Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Park_(Nanjing)" title="Defence Park (Nanjing)">Defence Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulin_Park" title="Gulin Park">Gulin Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxin_Island" title="Jiangxin Island">Jiangxin Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochou_Lake" title="Mochou Lake">Mochou Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Hongshan_Forest_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo">Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Mountain_(china)" class="mw-redirect" title="Purple Mountain (china)">Purple Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Mountain_Observatory" title="Purple Mountain Observatory">Purple Mountain Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingliangshan_Park" title="Qingliangshan Park">Qingliangshan Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoye_Ferry" title="Taoye Ferry">Taoye Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Park" title="White Horse Park">White Horse Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchaomen_Park" title="Wuchaomen Park">Wuchaomen Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Garden" title="Xu Garden">Xu Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_Lake" title="Xuanwu Lake">Xuanwu Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhuatai_Memorial_Park_of_Revolutionary_Martyrs" title="Yuhuatai Memorial Park of Revolutionary Martyrs">Yuhuatai Memorial Park of Revolutionary Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhan_Yuan_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhan Yuan Garden">Zhan Yuan Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Botanical_Garden,_Memorial_Sun_Yat-Sen" title="Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen">Nanjing Botanical Garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Fuzimiao" title="Nanjing Fuzimiao">Nanjing Fuzimiao</a> (Temple of Confucius)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiming_Temple" title="Jiming Temple">Jiming Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghai_Temple" title="Jinghai Temple">Jinghai Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linggu_Temple" title="Linggu Temple">Linggu Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum">Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia_Temple" title="Qixia Temple">Qixia Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bao%27en_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Bao'en Temple">Great Bao'en Temple</a> (Porcelain tower)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Historic sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaotian_Palace" title="Chaotian Palace">Chaotian Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Wall_of_Nanjing" title="City Wall of Nanjing">City Wall of Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_of_Tao_Xingzhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial of Tao Xingzhi">Memorial of Tao Xingzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre_Memorial_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall">Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army_Memorial_Cemetery" title="National Revolutionary Army Memorial Cemetery">National Revolutionary Army Memorial Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace_(Nanjing)" title="Presidential Palace (Nanjing)">Presidential Palace, Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone City">Stone City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Porcelain_Pagoda_of_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="The Porcelain Pagoda of Nanjing">The Porcelain Pagoda of Nanjing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinling_Hotel" title="Jinling Hotel">Jinling Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_City_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing City Wall">Nanjing City Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_International_Exhibition_Center" title="Nanjing International Exhibition Center">Nanjing International Exhibition Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge" title="Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge">Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Xianlin">Xianlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_power_line_crossings" title="Yangtze River power line crossings">Yangtze River power line crossings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhonghua Gate">Zhonghua Gate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Culture and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Museum" title="Nanjing Museum">Nanjing Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_decade" title="Nanjing decade">Nanjing decade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Art_Gallery" title="Jiangsu Art Gallery">Jiangsu Art Gallery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_University" title="Southeast University">Southeast University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Information_Science_and_Technology" title="Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology">Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohai_University" title="Hohai University">Hohai University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Agricultural_University" title="Nanjing Agricultural University">Nanjing Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Pharmaceutical_University" title="China Pharmaceutical University">China Pharmaceutical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Aeronautics_and_Astronautics" title="Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics">Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Science_%26_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing University of Science & Technology">Nanjing University of Science & Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Normal_University" title="Nanjing Normal University">Nanjing Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing University of Technology">Nanjing University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Forestry_University" title="Nanjing Forestry University">Nanjing Forestry University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Medical_University" title="Nanjing Medical University">Nanjing Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Finance_%26_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing University of Finance & Economics">Nanjing University of Finance & Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Posts_and_Telecommunications" title="Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications">Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_the_Arts" title="Nanjing University of the Arts">Nanjing University of the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Audit_University" title="Nanjing Audit University">Nanjing Audit University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjiang_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjiang College">Sanjiang College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkins-Nanjing_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopkins-Nanjing Center">Hopkins-Nanjing Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Library" title="Nanjing Library">Nanjing Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Railway Station">Nanjing Railway Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Metro" title="Nanjing Metro">Nanjing Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Lukou_International_Airport" title="Nanjing Lukou International Airport">Nanjing Lukou International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_312" title="China National Highway 312">China National Highway 312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge" title="Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge">Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/2014_Youth_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Youth Summer Olympics">2014 Youth Summer Olympics</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nanjing" title="Category:Nanjing"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nanjing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nanjing"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jiangsu_topics523" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jiangsu_topics" title="Template:Jiangsu topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jiangsu_topics" title="Template talk:Jiangsu topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jiangsu_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jiangsu topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jiangsu_topics523" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanjing</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jiangsu" title="Category:Jiangsu">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu#History" title="Jiangsu">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jiangsu" title="Politics of Jiangsu">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu#Economy" title="Jiangsu">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Jiangsu" title="Category:Geography of Jiangsu">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Jiangsu" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishan_Island" title="Xishan Island">Xishan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tai" title="Lake Tai">Lake Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongze_Lake" title="Hongze Lake">Hongze Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangcheng_Lake" title="Yangcheng Lake">Yangcheng Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia_Mountain" title="Qixia Mountain">Qixia Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Jiangsu" title="List of universities and colleges in Jiangsu">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_University" title="Jiangsu University">Jiangsu University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_University" title="Southeast University">Southeast University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohai_University" title="Hohai University">Hohai University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Normal_University" title="Nanjing Normal University">Nanjing Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Nanjing University of Science and Technology">Nanjing University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou_University" title="Yangzhou University">Yangzhou University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu#Culture" title="Jiangsu">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuyue_culture" title="Wuyue culture">Wuyue culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quyi" title="Quyi">Shuochang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_cuisine" title="Jiangsu cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_opera" title="Suzhou opera">Suzhou opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyuan" title="Geyuan">Geyuan</a> (Yangzhou garden)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Mountain_(Nanjing)" title="Purple Mountain (Nanjing)">Purple Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum" title="Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum">Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum">Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiming_Temple" title="Jiming Temple">Jiming Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge" title="Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge">Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanshan_Temple" title="Hanshan Temple">Hanshan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huqiu_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Huqiu Tower">Huqiu Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Buddha_at_Ling_Shan" title="Grand Buddha at Ling Shan">Grand Buddha at Ling Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaotian_Palace" title="Chaotian Palace">Chaotian Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia_Temple" title="Qixia Temple">Qixia Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianning_Temple_(Changzhou)" title="Tianning Temple (Changzhou)">Tianning Temple Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhouzhuang" title="Zhouzhuang">Zhouzhuang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Jiangsu" title="Category:Jiangsu">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jiangsu" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jiangsu">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Jiangsu_Province322" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jiangsu" title="Template:Jiangsu"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jiangsu" title="Template talk:Jiangsu"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jiangsu" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jiangsu"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Jiangsu_Province322" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Jiangsu" title="List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanjing</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nanjing11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanjing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_District,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuanwu District, Nanjing">Xuanwu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinhuai District">Qinhuai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianye_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianye District">Jianye District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Nanjing">Gulou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukou District">Pukou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luhe District">Luhe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qixia District">Qixia District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhuatai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhuatai District">Yuhuatai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangning District">Jiangning District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lishui District">Lishui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaochun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaochun District">Gaochun District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Binhu District">Binhu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huishan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huishan District">Huishan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishan_District,_Wuxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Xishan District, Wuxi">Xishan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangxi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangxi District">Liangxi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinwu_District,_Wuxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinwu District, Wuxi">Xinwu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yunlong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunlong District">Yunlong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Xuzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Xuzhou">Gulou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiawang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiawang District">Jiawang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongshan District">Tongshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Quanshan District">Quanshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining_County,_Jiangsu" title="Suining County, Jiangsu">Suining County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_County" title="Pei County">Pei County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_County,_Jiangsu" title="Feng County, Jiangsu">Feng County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhonglou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhonglou District">Zhonglou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianning District">Tianning District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinbei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinbei District">Xinbei District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wujin District">Wujin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jintan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jintan District">Jintan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gusu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gusu District">Gusu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huqiu District">Huqiu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuzhong District">Wuzhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_District,_Suzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangcheng District, Suzhou">Xiangcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiang_District,_Suzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Wujiang District, Suzhou">Wujiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chongchuan District">Chongchuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Nantong" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou District, Nantong">Tongzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen District">Haimen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai%27an" title="Hai'an">Hai'an City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudong_County" title="Rudong County">Rudong County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haizhou_District,_Lianyungang" class="mw-redirect" title="Haizhou District, Lianyungang">Haizhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lianyun District">Lianyun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganyu District">Ganyu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanyun_County" title="Guanyun County">Guanyun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donghai_County" title="Donghai County">Donghai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guannan_County" title="Guannan County">Guannan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingjiangpu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingjiangpu District">Qingjiangpu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huai'an District">Huai'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiyin_District,_Huai%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyin District, Huai'an">Huaiyin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongze_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongze District">Hongze District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhu_County" title="Jinhu County">Jinhu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuyi_County" title="Xuyi County">Xuyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianshui_County" title="Lianshui County">Lianshui County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tinghu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinghu District">Tinghu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yandu District">Yandu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dafeng District">Dafeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheyang_County" title="Sheyang County">Sheyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funing_County,_Jiangsu" title="Funing County, Jiangsu">Funing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binhai_County" title="Binhai County">Binhai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangshui_County" title="Xiangshui County">Xiangshui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianhu_County" title="Jianhu County">Jianhu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangling District">Guangling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanjiang_District,_Yangzhou" title="Hanjiang District, Yangzhou">Hanjiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangdu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangdu District">Jiangdu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoying_County" title="Baoying County">Baoying County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingkou District">Jingkou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Runzhou District">Runzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dantu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dantu District">Dantu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hailing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hailing District">Hailing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaogang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaogang District">Gaogang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangyan District">Jiangyan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sucheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sucheng District">Sucheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Suyu District">Suyu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuyang_County" title="Shuyang County">Shuyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siyang_County" title="Siyang County">Siyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihong_County" title="Sihong County">Sihong County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_China351" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_China351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">Metropolitan cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_metropolitan_regions351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major metropolitan regions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyuan_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyuan Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu-Chongqing_Economic_Circle" title="Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle">Chengyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-Strait_Western_Coastal_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-Strait Western Coastal Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Cross-Strait Western Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhong_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhong Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-Southern_Liaoning_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-Southern Liaoning Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Mid-Southern Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Peninsula_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Peninsula Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtze_River_Midstream_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtze River Midstream Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_cities351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a><sup>a2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup>a2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">Regional Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial capitals<br />(<a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taibei</a></i><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous regional capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparatively large cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prefecture-level_cities_by_province351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shijiazhuang*</li> <li>Tangshan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>Handan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Taiyuan*</li> <li>Datong*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hohhot*</li> <li>Baotou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shenyang*</li> <li>Dalian*</li> <li>Anshan*</li> <li>Fushun*</li> <li>Benxi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changchun*</li> <li>Jilin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Harbin*</li> <li>Qiqihar*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yīchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanjing*</li> <li>Wuxi*</li> <li>Xuzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>Suzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hangzhou*</li> <li>Ningbo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Tāizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hefei*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li>Huainan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fuzhou*</li> <li>Xiamen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanchang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yíchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jinan*</li> <li>Qingdao*</li> <li>Zibo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Zhengzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li>Luoyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuhan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changsha*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guangzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li>Shenzhen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanning*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yùlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Haikou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chengdu*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guiyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kunming*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lhasa*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xi'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yúlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lanzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yinchuan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ürümqi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cities_(partly_shown_below)351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Other cities</a> (partly shown below)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_(China)" title="Prefecture (China)">Prefecture-level capitals</a><br />(County-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulanhot" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinhot" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiagedaqi_District" title="Jiagedaqi District">Jiagedaqi</a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Enshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>：<a href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangding" title="Kangding">Kangding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkam" title="Barkam">Barkam</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_City" title="Kaili City">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyun" title="Duyun">Duyun</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_City" title="Chuxiong City">Chuxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzi_City" title="Mengzi City">Mengzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_City" title="Wenshan City">Wenshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghong" title="Jinghong">Jinghong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangshi" title="Mangshi">Mangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La,_Yunnan" title="Shangri-La, Yunnan">Shangri-La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushui" title="Lushui">Lushui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezuo" title="Hezuo">Hezuo</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yushu_City,_Qinghai" title="Yushu City, Qinghai">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delingha" title="Delingha">Delingha</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>: <a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Province-governed cities<br />(Sub-prefecture-level)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qiánjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City">Wuzhishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai">Qionghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan">Dongfang</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> - <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC(Bingtuan) cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitun_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitun City">Beitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_(China)" title="Prefecture (China)">Former Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a>，<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashi District">Shashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanxian</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub-prefecture-level cities</a><br />(Prefecture-governed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an, Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzhouli" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erenhot" title="Erenhot">Erenhot, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golmud" title="Golmud">Golmud, Qinghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County-level_cities_by_province351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinji" title="Xinji">Xinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou,_Hebei" title="Jinzhou, Hebei">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle,_Hebei" title="Xinle, Hebei">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunhua" title="Zunhua">Zunhua</a></li> <li>Qian'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27an" title="Wu'an">Wu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangong" title="Nangong">Nangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Dingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Anguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobeidian" title="Gaobeidian">Gaobeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botou" title="Botou">Botou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renqiu" title="Renqiu">Renqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghua" title="Huanghua">Huanghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Hejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhou,_Hebei" title="Bazhou, Hebei">Bazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhe,_Hebei" title="Sanhe, Hebei">Sanhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_City" title="Shenzhou City">Shenzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holingol" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></li> <li>Manzhouli*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakeshi" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalantun" title="Zalantun">Zhalantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergun_City" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genhe" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengzhen" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></li> <li>Ulanhot*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxan" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></li> <li>Erenhot*</li> <li>Xilinhot*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushu,_Jilin" title="Yushu, Jilin">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehui" title="Dehui">Dehui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaohe,_Jilin" title="Jiaohe, Jilin">Jiaohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadian,_Jilin" title="Huadian, Jilin">Huadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulan" title="Shulan">Shulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshi" title="Panshi">Panshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangliao" title="Shuangliao">Shuangliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linjiang" title="Linjiang">Linjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu,_Jilin" title="Fuyu, Jilin">Fuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27an,_Jilin" title="Da'an, Jilin">Da'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen,_Jilin" title="Tumen, Jilin">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhua" title="Dunhua">Dunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunchun" title="Hunchun">Hunchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing,_Jilin" title="Longjing, Jilin">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong" title="Helong">Helong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehe" title="Nehe">Nehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulin" title="Hulin">Hulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieli" title="Tieli">Tieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongjiang,_Heilongjiang" title="Tongjiang, Heilongjiang">Tongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujin_City" title="Fujin City">Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailin" title="Hailin">Hailin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ning%27an" title="Ning'an">Ning'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muling" title="Muling">Muling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongning,_Heilongjiang" title="Dongning, Heilongjiang">Dongning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei%27an" title="Bei'an">Bei'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudalianchi" title="Wudalianchi">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Heilongjiang" title="Anda, Heilongjiang">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaodong" title="Zhaodong">Zhaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailun" title="Hailun">Hailun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua District">Fenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieshou" title="Jieshou">Jieshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongcheng,_Anhui" title="Tongcheng, Anhui">Tongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingguang" title="Mingguang">Mingguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningguo" title="Ningguo">Ningguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle District">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai City">Longhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leping" title="Leping">Leping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongqingcheng" title="Gongqingcheng">Gongqingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guixi" title="Guixi">Guixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggangshan_City" title="Jinggangshan City">Jinggangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Jiangxi" title="Fengcheng, Jiangxi">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Zhangshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Gao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexing,_Jiangxi" title="Dexing, Jiangxi">Dexing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a></li> <li>Jiyuan*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daye" title="Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danjiangkou" title="Danjiangkou">Danjiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyang" title="Dangyang">Dangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Laohekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Zaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng,_Hubei" title="Yicheng, Hubei">Yicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Zhongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingcheng" title="Yingcheng">Yingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanchuan" title="Hanchuan">Hanchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macheng" title="Macheng">Macheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshui" title="Guangshui">Guangshui</a></li> <li>Enshi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichuan,_Hubei" title="Lichuan, Hubei">Lichuan</a></li> <li>Xiantao*</li> <li>Qianjiang*</li> <li>Tianmen*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan</a></li> <li>Jishou*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenxi" title="Cenxi">Cenxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiliu" title="Beiliu">Beiliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxi,_Guangxi" title="Jingxi, Guangxi">Jingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Guangxi" title="Pingxiang, Guangxi">Pingxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuzhishan*</li> <li>Qionghai*</li> <li>Wenchang*</li> <li>Wanning*</li> <li>Dongfang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifang" title="Shifang">Shifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianzhu" title="Mianzhu">Mianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeishan_City" title="Emeishan City">Emeishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaying" title="Huaying">Huaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanyuan" title="Wanyuan">Wanyuan</a></li> <li>Barkam*</li> <li>Kangding*</li> <li>Xichang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen" title="Qingzhen">Qingzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_City" title="Chishui City">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Renhuai</a></li> <li>Xingyi*</li> <li>Kaili*</li> <li>Duyun*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuquan,_Guizhou" title="Fuquan, Guizhou">Fuquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anning,_Yunnan" title="Anning, Yunnan">Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong</a></li> <li>Chuxiong*</li> <li>Mengzi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejiu" title="Gejiu">Gejiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Yunnan" title="Kaiyuan, Yunnan">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_City" title="Mile City">Mile</a></li> <li>Wenshan*</li> <li>Jinghong*</li> <li>Dali*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruili" title="Ruili">Ruili</a></li> <li>Mangshi*</li> <li>Lushui*</li> <li>Shangri-La*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(none)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li> <li>Linxia*</li> <li>Hezuo*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yushu*</li> <li>Golmud*</li> <li>Delingha*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingwu" title="Lingwu">Lingwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changji*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a></li> <li>Bole*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</a></li> <li>Korla*</li> <li>Aksu*</li> <li>Artush*</li> <li>Kashgar*</li> <li>Hotan*</li> <li>Yining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Korgas</a></li> <li>Tacheng*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</a></li> <li>Altay*</li> <li>Shihezi*</li> <li>Aral*</li> <li>Tumxuk*</li> <li>Wujiaqu*</li> <li>Beitun*</li> <li>Tiemenguan*</li> <li>Shuanghe*</li> <li>Kokdala*</li> <li>Kunyu*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Notes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">* Indicates this city has already occurred above.<br /> <p><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Separate state-planning cities</a>. <sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic-zone cities</a>. <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Open coastal cities</a>.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Oroqen_Autonomous_Banner" title="Oroqen Autonomous Banner">Oroqen Autonomous Banner</a>, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.<br /> <sup>4</sup>Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.<br /> <sup>5</sup>The claimed province of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a> no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See <a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a> instead.<br /> </p> All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_China_by_jurisdiction195" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Template:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_China_by_jurisdiction195" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_China" title="List of capitals in China">Capitals of China by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <p><b>National:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">PRC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></li></ul> <p><b>Provinces:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">AH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">FJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a> (PRC) / <span style="color:black;background:lightpink"><a href="/wiki/Jincheng,_Kinmen" title="Jincheng, Kinmen">Jincheng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuchien_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Fuchien Province, Republic of China">ROC</a>¹)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">GD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">GS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">GZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">HA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">HB</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">HE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">HI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">HL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">HN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">JL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">JS</a></b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanjing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">JX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">LN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">QH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">SC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">SD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">SN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">SX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><span style="color:black;background:lightpink"><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">TW</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> (PRC)¹ / <a href="/wiki/Zhongxing_New_Village" title="Zhongxing New Village">Zhongxing NV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">ROC</a>)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">YN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">ZJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li></ul> <p><b>Autonomous Regions:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">GX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">NM</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">NX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">XJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">XZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li></ul> <p><b>Municipalities:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">BJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">CQ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yuzhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhong District">Yuzhong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">SH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai">Huangpu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">TJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hexi_District,_Tianjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexi District, Tianjin">Hexi</a></li></ul> <p><b>SARs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">HK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">MO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.3em;"><div>¹ — Taiwan and Fujian are administered as a streamlined provinces by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>, but those are claimed by the PRC.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_regions_and_cities_of_China401" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_and_cities_of_China" title="Template:Regions and cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_and_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Regions and cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_and_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions and cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_regions_and_cities_of_China401" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major regions and cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">National<br />megalopolises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji</a><br />(Inner) <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changping District">Changping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Daxing District">Daxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangshan District">Fangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentougou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentougou District">Mentougou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunyi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunyi District">Shunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binhai" class="mw-redirect" title="Binhai">Binhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongli District">Dongli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinnan District">Jinnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuqing District">Wuqing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiong%27an" title="Xiong'an">Xiong'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caofeidian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Caofeidian District">Caofeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone">(Economic Zone)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baoshan District, Shanghai">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiading_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiading District">Jiading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhang District">Minhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingpu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingpu District">Qingpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Songjiang District">Songjiang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a><br />a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" title="Pearl River Delta Economic Zone">(Economic Zone)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District">Huadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansha_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansha New Area">Nansha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bao'an District">Bao'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Hengqin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">SARs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotai" title="Cotai">Cotai</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Triangle_Economic_Zone" title="West Triangle Economic Zone">West Triangle<br />Economic Zone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing_Liangjiang_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Chongqing Liangjiang New Area">Liangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianjiang District">Qianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_North_Zone" title="New North Zone">Xinbei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yangling_Agricultural_Hi-tech_Industries_Demonstration_Zone" title="Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone">Yangling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Central Plain</a> Megalopolis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Henan144" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a>-<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a> Megalopolis<br />(Northeastern Cities)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/<br />Yangtze River Valley<br />(Central Triangle Economic Zone)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(North) <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Liaoning146" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshunkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüshunkou District">Lüshun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(South) <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Shandong121" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_China" title="List of regions of China">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou,_Anhui" title="Huizhou, Anhui">Huizhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_China" title="Northwestern China">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">Southwestern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Administrative <br />divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_provincial-level_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP">By GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_provincial-level_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita">By GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Greater_China_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of administrative divisions of Greater China by Human Development Index">By Human Development Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China">Prefecture-level divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_county-level_divisions_of_China" title="List of county-level divisions of China">County-level divisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">List of cities in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_top_Chinese_cities_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of top Chinese cities by GDP per capita">by GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population_and_built-up_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in China by population and built-up area">by population</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Historical capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subdivisions of China">Current and former capitals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Categories: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Subdivisions_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Subdivisions of China (page does not exist)">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_China" title="Category:Regions of China">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_China" title="Category:Cities in China">Cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_China" title="State Council of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a class="mw-selflink selflink"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_along_the_Yangtze381" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yangtze_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yangtze River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_cities_along_the_Yangtze_River" title="Template talk:Major cities along the Yangtze River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yangtze_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major cities along the Yangtze River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_along_the_Yangtze381" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities along the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ececec; vertical-align: text-top; text-align: center"><b><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China#Provincial_level_subdivisions" title="Administrative divisions of China">Province-level</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ececec; vertical-align: text-top; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Cities</b> (from upper reaches to lower reaches)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang,_Yunnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijiang, Yunnan">Lijiang</a></li> <li>(Sichuan <i>see below</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li>(Yunnan <i>see above</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangjin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangjin District">Jiangjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing"><i>Central Chongqing</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li>(Hunan <i>see below</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Qidong City">Qidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baoshan District, Shanghai">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Pearl_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Pearl River">Major cities along the Pearl River</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yellow River">Major cities along the Yellow River</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Youth_Olympic_Games_Host_Cities77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Youth_Olympic_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template:Youth Olympic Games Host Cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Youth_Olympic_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template talk:Youth Olympic Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Youth_Olympic_Games_Host_Cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Youth Olympic Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Youth_Olympic_Games_Host_Cities77" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a> Host Cities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summer Youth Olympics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2010 Summer Youth Olympics">2010</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2014 Summer Youth Olympics">2014</a></b>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanjing</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2018 Summer Youth Olympics">2018</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> • <i><b><a href="/wiki/2026_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2026 Summer Youth Olympics">2026</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winter Youth Olympics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/2012_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2012 Winter Youth Olympics">2012</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/2016_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2016 Winter Youth Olympics">2016</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Lillehammer" title="Lillehammer">Lillehammer</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2020 Winter Youth Olympics">2020</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> • <i><b><a href="/wiki/2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2024 Winter Youth Olympics">2024</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Gangwon_Province,_South_Korea" title="Gangwon Province, South Korea">Gangwon</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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1,\n [\"CITEREFFranke1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeaver2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHo2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHobart,_Alice_Tisdale1927\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJiang,_Zanchu1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohannes_L._Kurz2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJun_Fang2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLafraniere2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiang_Baiquan1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiu_Shaowu_(刘绍武)2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLutz,_Jessie_Gregory1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMa,_Chao_Chun_(Ma_Chaojun)1937\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael,_Franz1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMote,_Frederick_W.1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMote,_Frederick_W.1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMusgrove,_Charles_D.2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNanjing_Bureau_of_Statistics_()2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNanking_Women\u0026#039;s_Club1933\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarangoaCribb2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOuchterlony,_John1844\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrip-Moller,_Johannes1935\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmalley,_Martha_L.1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStruve,_Lynn_A.1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStruve1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSu2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSun2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTao2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeng,_Ssu_Yu1944\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThurston,_Mrs._Lawrence_(Matilda)1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTill,_Barry1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurnbull,_Stephen_R.Steve_Noon2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTyau,_T.Z.1930\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUchiyama,_Kiyoshi1910\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWakeman1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWang,_Nengwei1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWang2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWu_Yi_(吴怡)Liu_Wei_Wei_(刘伟伟)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYangLu2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYangtze_Bridge\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYe,_Zhaoyan1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYim2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYule2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF夏征农陈至立2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF普通话审音委员会1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF网易\"] = 1,\n [\"Capital_of_the_Ming_dynasty\"] = 1,\n [\"Capital_of_the_Southern_Ming_dynasty\"] = 1,\n [\"Early_history_and_foundation\"] = 1,\n [\"Etymology\"] = 1,\n [\"Foundation\"] = 1,\n [\"Founding\"] = 1,\n [\"Ming\"] = 1,\n [\"Name\"] = 1,\n [\"Qing\"] = 1,\n [\"Qing_dynasty\"] = 1,\n [\"Song\"] = 1,\n [\"Southern_Ming\"] = 1,\n [\"Southern_capital_of_Ming_dynasty\"] = 1,\n [\"Sui\"] = 1,\n [\"Tang\"] = 1,\n [\"Toponymy\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 22,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 6,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"CURRENTYEAR\"] = 2,\n [\"Center\"] = 3,\n [\"Citation\"] = 5,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 12,\n [\"Citation not found\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 53,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 88,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Climate chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Cmn\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 28,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 13,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 26,\n [\"Geographic location\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-cmn\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-yue\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Ill\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label\"] = 11,\n [\"Image label begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label end\"] = 1,\n [\"In lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox Chinese\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Jiangsu\"] = 1,\n [\"Jiangsu topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 90,\n [\"Lang-zh\"] = 9,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Main list\"] = 1,\n [\"Major cities along the Yangtze River\"] = 1,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 1,\n [\"Metropolitan cities of the People's Republic of China\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Nanjing\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 4,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 7,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Panorama\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China\"] = 1,\n [\"Provincial capitals of China\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Regions and cities of China\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 2,\n [\"Rp\"] = 3,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 4,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 2,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 3,\n [\"See also\"] = 8,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 12,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 6,\n [\"Tone superscript\"] = 2,\n [\"Transl\"] = 11,\n [\"Unreferenced section\"] = 11,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 12,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 2,\n [\"Wikivoyage inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n [\"Youth Olympic Games Host Cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Zhi\"] = 2,\n [\"Zhwb\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\nno target: CITEREFStruve1993\nno target: CITEREFStruve1993\nno target: CITEREFStruve1993\nno target: CITEREFStruve1993\nno target: CITEREFCrespigny2004\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","480","18.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","340","13.0"],["recursiveClone 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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Nanjing","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanjing","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16666","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16666","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-17T10:20:25Z","dateModified":"2025-03-19T00:28:48Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7f\/Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg","headline":"capital city of Jiangsu Province, China, former capital of the Republic of China and China's Ming dynasty"}</script> </body> </html>