Crypto Threats: How Crypto Gets Stolen

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id="academy-sidebar-menu"> <div> <nav> <ul> <li class="has-children current-category-active"> <a >The Classroom <i class="icon-chevron-bottom"></i></a> <ul> <li> <a >A) Welcome to Web3</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-is-web-30-everything-you-need-to-know" title="What is Web 3.0?" >What is Web 3.0?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-is-blockchain" title="What Is Blockchain?" >What Is Blockchain?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/blockchain-generations-explained" title="Blockchain: Where It Started, Where It’s Going" >Blockchain: Where It Started, Where It’s Going</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-is-cryptocurrency" title="What Is Cryptocurrency?" >What Is Cryptocurrency?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/how-many-cryptos-are-there" title="How Many Cryptocurrencies Are There?" >How Many Cryptocurrencies Are There?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >B) How to secure your crypto</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/whats-a-private-key" title="What Is a Private Key?" >What Is a Private Key?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/2-how-to-own-crypto/what-is-a-crypto-wallet" title="What Is a Crypto Wallet?" >What Is a Crypto Wallet?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/2-how-to-own-crypto/whats-a-secret-recovery-phrase" title="What is a Seed Phrase (Secret Recovery Phrase)?" >What is a Seed Phrase (Secret Recovery Phrase)?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/2-how-to-own-crypto/how-crypto-gets-stolen-risks-to-beware-of" title="Crypto Threats: How Crypto Gets Stolen" class="color-grey-800">Crypto Threats: How Crypto Gets Stolen</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >C) What is Ledger?</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/ledger-nano-the-safest-way-to-manage-crypto" title="What is Ledger? The Ledger Ecosystem Explained" >What is Ledger? The Ledger Ecosystem Explained</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/ledgers-ecosystem/why-is-ledger-nano-so-secure" title="Ledger’s Security Model: How Are Ledger Devices Secured?" >Ledger’s Security Model: How Are Ledger Devices Secured?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/ledgers-ecosystem/ledger-live-app-buying-selling-staking-and-swapping-crypto" title="Ledger Live App: Buy, Sell, Stake and Swap Crypto" >Ledger Live App: Buy, Sell, Stake and Swap Crypto</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >D) Web3 security essentials</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/web3-security-essentials/web3-scams-explained" title="Web3 Scams: Common Crypto Scams and How To Avoid Them" >Web3 Scams: Common Crypto Scams and How To Avoid Them</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/do-your-own-research-how-to-investigate-crypto-projects" title="Do Your Own Research (DYOR): How to Investigate Crypto Projects" >Do Your Own Research (DYOR): How to Investigate Crypto Projects</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/web3-security-essentials/how-to-secure-your-crypto-on-a-ledger-nano" title="How to Migrate Your Crypto to Ledger" >How to Migrate Your Crypto to Ledger</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >E) Digital Assets Explained</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/crypto/what-is-the-difference-between-coins-and-tokens" title="Crypto Coins and Tokens: Their Use-Cases Explained" >Crypto Coins and Tokens: Their Use-Cases Explained</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-are-stablecoins" title="What Are Stablecoins?" >What Are Stablecoins?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-are-memecoins" title="What Are Memecoins?" >What Are Memecoins?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/topics/blockchain/digital-assets-beyond-currency-explained" title="Digital Assets Beyond Currency" >Digital Assets Beyond Currency</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >F) Blockchain Basics</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/how-does-a-blockchain-transaction-work" title="How Does a Blockchain Transaction Work?" >How Does a Blockchain Transaction Work?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-is-a-node-and-why-should-i-operate-one" title="Crypto Nodes: What Are They And How Do They Work?" >Crypto Nodes: What Are They And How Do They Work?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/what-is-a-mempool" title="What Is a Mempool?" >What Is a Mempool?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/consensus-protocols-how-are-blockchains-secure" title="Consensus Mechanisms: How Blockchains Stay Secure" >Consensus Mechanisms: How Blockchains Stay Secure</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >G) Wallet Knowledge (Leveling Up)</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/topics/security/what-is-a-software-wallet" title="What Is a Software Wallet?" >What Is a Software Wallet?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/crypto-hardware-wallet" title="What Is a Hardware Wallet?" >What Is a Hardware Wallet?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/topics/security/what-is-a-cold-wallet" title="What Is a Cold Wallet?" >What Is a Cold Wallet?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/topics/security/choose-the-best-crypto-wallet-for-you" title="How To Choose a Crypto Wallet" >How To Choose a Crypto Wallet</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >H) Buy it, Sell it, Swap it, Earn it</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/the-power-of-ledger-live" title="Why Use Ledger Live For Payments and Transactions?" >Why Use Ledger Live For Payments and Transactions?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/benefits-of-buying-crypto-through-ledger-live" title="Buying Crypto Through Ledger Live" >Buying Crypto Through Ledger Live</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/topics/ledgersolutions/ledger-swap-the-most-secure-way-to-exchange-your-crypto" title="How To Swap Your Crypto Securely Via Ledger Live" >How To Swap Your Crypto Securely Via Ledger Live</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/earn-crypto-with-ledger-live-staking-made-easy" title="Earn Crypto With Ledger Live: Staking Made Easy" >Earn Crypto With Ledger Live: Staking Made Easy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >I) Blockchain Sleuthing: Become a Crypto Detective</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/become-a-crypto-detective/what-is-a-blockchain-sleuth" title="What is a Blockchain Sleuth?" >What is a Blockchain Sleuth?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/become-a-crypto-detective/top-blockchain-sleuths" title="Top Blockchain Sleuths: How 5 Crypto Detectives Rose To Fame" >Top Blockchain Sleuths: How 5 Crypto Detectives Rose To Fame</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/become-a-crypto-detective/nomad-bridge-hack" title="Through the Eyes of a Sleuth: The Nomad Bridge Hack" >Through the Eyes of a Sleuth: The Nomad Bridge Hack</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/become-a-crypto-detective/blockchain-detective-tools" title="Best Tools For Blockchain Detectives" >Best Tools For Blockchain Detectives</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/become-a-crypto-detective/how-to-catch-crypto-criminals" title="How to Catch Criminals on the Blockchain" >How to Catch Criminals on the Blockchain</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >J) Wallet Knowledge II - The Evolution of Crypto Storage</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/blockchain/what-are-public-keys-and-private-keys" title="Public Vs Private Keys: Understanding PKC in Crypto" >Public Vs Private Keys: Understanding PKC in Crypto</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/crypto/what-are-hierarchical-deterministic-hd-wallets" title="BIP-32: Understanding Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets" >BIP-32: Understanding Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/bip-39-the-low-key-guardian-of-your-crypto-freedom" title="Understanding BIP-39: The Origin of Your Seed Phrase" >Understanding BIP-39: The Origin of Your Seed Phrase</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/how-does-a-crypto-wallet-work" title="How Does a Crypto Wallet Work?" >How Does a Crypto Wallet Work?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >K) Launch a Crypto Project Securely: Wallets, Socials, and Protecting Your People</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/launch-a-crypto-project-securely/launching-your-web3-community-safely" title="Launching Your Web3 Community Safely" >Launching Your Web3 Community Safely</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/launch-a-crypto-project-securely/setting-up-a-secure-x-account-for-your-crypto-project" title="Setting up a Secure X Account For Your Crypto Project" >Setting up a Secure X Account For Your Crypto Project</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/launch-a-crypto-project-securely/how-to-set-up-a-crypto-project-discord-server-securely" title="Setting Up Your Crypto Project’s Discord Server Securely" >Setting Up Your Crypto Project’s Discord Server Securely</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/launch-a-crypto-project-securely/securely-managing-your-crypto-projects-wallets-and-treasuries" title="Securely Managing Your Crypto Project’s Wallets and Treasuries" >Securely Managing Your Crypto Project’s Wallets and Treasuries</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/launch-a-crypto-project-securely/what-to-do-if-your-crypto-project-gets-hacked" title="What To Do If Your Crypto Project Gets Hacked" >What To Do If Your Crypto Project Gets Hacked</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a >L) Doing Your Own Research (DYOR)</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/l-doing-your-own-research-dyor/what-is-dyor" title="What Is DYOR?" >What Is DYOR?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/l-doing-your-own-research-dyor/identifying-reliable-sources-for-web-3-information" title="Identifying Reliable Sources for Web3 Information" >Identifying Reliable Sources for Web3 Information</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/l-doing-your-own-research-dyor/zooming-into-project-teams-founders" title="Zooming into Project Teams & Founders" >Zooming into Project Teams & Founders</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/l-doing-your-own-research-dyor/introduction-to-smart-contract-risks" title="Introduction to Smart Contract Risks" >Introduction to Smart Contract Risks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/l-doing-your-own-research-dyor/understanding-tokenomics-and-its-impact-on-project-security" title="Understanding Tokenomics and Its Impact on Project Security" >Understanding Tokenomics and Its Impact on Project Security</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-children"> <a >Topics <i class="icon-chevron-bottom"></i></a> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/library/topic/blockchain" title="Blockchain" >Blockchain</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/library/topic/crypto" title="Crypto" >Crypto</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/library/topic/daos" title="DAOs" >DAOs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/library/topic/defi" title="DeFi" >DeFi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/library/topic/economics-and-regulation" title="Economics and Regulation" >Economics and Regulation</a> </li> <li> <a 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</li> <li class="is-hidden-mobile is-hidden-tablet"> <a >B) How to secure your crypto</a> <i class="icon-chevron-right"></i> </li> <li class="is-hidden-desktop">... <i class="icon-chevron-right"></i></li> <li class="color-grey-800">Crypto Threats: How Crypto Gets Stolen</li> </ul> </nav> <div class="margin-s"> <p class="h4 margin-xxs">The Classroom</p> <div class="margin-s uppercase caption flexbox space-between is-hidden-mobile"> <p class="">PATHWAY B) How to secure your crypto</p> <p class="left-on-mobile">chapter 4/4</p> </div> </div> <article class="plain-text margin-sm article" id="article"> <h1 class="margin-xs">Crypto Threats: How Crypto Gets Stolen</h1> <div class="color-grey-500 small-text uppercase margin-xs article-date"> Nov 4, 2022 | <b>Updated Jun 7, 2023</b> </div> <div class="caption-for-article flexbox flex-start"> <div class="flex-none time-to-read"> <span class="badge badge-nude"> <i class="icon-copy"></i> Read </span> <span>5 min</span> </div> <div class="with-point 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no central authority, there is no customer support to fall back on, and no way to get your crypto back if you make a mistake." class="wp-image-267860" srcset="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/11/11_Classroom_Cover_Main-2-1024x432.jpg 1024w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/11/11_Classroom_Cover_Main-2-300x127.jpg 300w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/11/11_Classroom_Cover_Main-2-768x324.jpg 768w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/11/11_Classroom_Cover_Main-2-1536x648.jpg 1536w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/11/11_Classroom_Cover_Main-2-490x207.jpg 490w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/11/11_Classroom_Cover_Main-2.jpg 1600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>KEY TAKEAWAYS:</td></tr><tr><td>— Crypto is vulnerable to specific hacks, threats, and scams due to existing digitally.<br><br>— With no central authority, there is no customer support to fall back on, and no way to get your crypto back if you make a mistake.<br><br>—<strong> </strong>Protecting your crypto is 100% your responsibility. This means understanding the specific threats you face and making sure you have the right tools and knowledge to keep them out.</td></tr></tbody></table></figure> <p>So far, you’ve learned about blockchain security essentials: crypto wallets, private and public keys and the all-important recovery phrase. But one thing remains in the shadows – <em>what exactly are you securing your crypto from? </em></p> <p>Here, we take a deep dive into crypto security threats, so you know exactly what you’re dealing with.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">How Does Crypto Get Stolen?</h2> <p>“With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility”. That might sound familiar to you but it’s not advice purely for Spiderman; Crypto comes with similar obligations. <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/how-many-cryptos-are-there" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cryptocurrencies</a> provide us huge freedom compared to fiat money. But, this new and unfamiliar environment is also much more vulnerable to threats, and there are a couple of reasons for that.</p> <p>Firstly, an unfamiliar ecosystem means new threats you may not have seen before. And secondly, since cryptocurrencies don’t use a central authority or bank, there’s no customer support if you make a mistake. </p> <p>Self-custody means taking total responsibility for your funds.<strong> You </strong>are the gatekeeper. So, understanding how crypto scams work is essential.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Digital Threats To Your Crypto</h3> <p>As you already know, most crypto-threats target you via your internet connection. There are a couple of different approaches they might take. Let’s discuss them. </p> <p><strong>Hacks to Your Connected Device</strong>:</p> <p>Hackers from anywhere on the planet can target you silently, via your internet connection. </p> <p>That can be a problem if you are using a software wallet to manage your <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/whats-a-private-key" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">private keys</a>.</p> <p>When you use a wallet that exists as an interface on your computer or phone, your private keys are always connected to the internet. The security barriers of a software wallet may not be enough to prevent clever hackers from accessing your private keys. With the right technological know-how, a good hacker might be able to penetrate the wallet and reach your keys.</p> <p><strong>Phishing</strong>:</p> <p>Malicious links are another very common way for hackers to penetrate your crypto security. They are effective because they don’t look like a threat – how many links have you clicked this week yourself? Maybe dozens or more. </p> <p>A malicious link can look as innocent as this:</p> <p><a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/enter-the-trust-zone/all-about-scams">clickthislink.com</a></p> <p>When you click on the wrong link, hackers will be able to remotely access your computer or device. Doing so enables a few different possibilities: they can extract your private keys from your software wallet, tamper with the interface of your device to manipulate your transactions, or even search the saved files of your device for sensitive data such as your recovery phrase.</p> <p>In short, whether it’s hacking or spyware, your internet connection is a vector for bad guys to access your sensitive data. This is why it’s extremely important to ensure that both your private keys and <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/basic-basics/2-how-to-own-crypto/whats-a-secret-recovery-phrase" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">recovery phrase</a> are stored completely offline. </p> <p>And these are not the only scams your crypto is vulnerable to.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Social Engineering Scams</h3> <p>While some scams target weaknesses in your security set-up, others target weaknesses in<em> your judgment</em>. Social engineering scams create a fake situation where you feel “safe” to confirm a transaction. Doing so means you can be manipulated into giving a bad actor access to your wallet.</p> <p>For instance, scammers might pose as “customer service agents”, offering you help on a trading platform or similar. In order to assist you, they might say they need you to share your recovery phrase, or ask you to confirm a “message” (which is really a malicious transaction) on your wallet to prove you’re the owner.</p> <p>Either way, it’s a scam – and the reason scams like this are so effective is that you, the victim, have built some sort of rapport with the other person over the course of the interaction. </p> <p>It takes surprisingly little to create a feeling of trust – but trust is not enough when it comes to your hard-earned value.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Blind Signing (A Combination Threat To Your Crypto)</h3> <p>Speaking of trust, let’s talk about another big crypto scam vector, <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/cryptos-greatest-weakness-blind-signing-explained" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">blind signing</a>. </p> <p>Web3 is based on <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/blockchain/what-is-a-smart-contract" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">smart contracts</a>. When you sign a smart contract using your crypto wallet, you’re agreeing to its specific terms. </p> <p>The terms of whatever smart contract you’re interacting with will be displayed on your crypto wallet this is how you know what you’re agreeing to. But unfortunately, not all wallets can display these details in full – the raw transaction data can’t be translated by the wallet into readable information.</p> <p>This means users often find themselves “blind signing” – agreeing to a transaction even when they have no way of seeing the details.</p> <p><em>This is a huge opportunity for scammers.</em></p> <p>Remember those social engineering scams we spoke about? You’ll find plenty of these that rely on blind signing. Knowing that you cannot read all the conditions of the smart contract, but that you trust the situation, a clever scammer will deploy a smart contract that gives them access to the contents of your wallet. And since you can’t see this detail, and the situation seems genuine, you agree.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Crypto Threats Are Still Evolving</h2> <p>Lack of transparency along with the unfamiliar UX of crypto applications will leave you vulnerable to attacks that you cannot detect. So, choosing a wallet that can display transaction details, and learning how to read them, is the only way of protecting your assets against blind signing.</p> <p>Three key factors that will define your crypto security are:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Always use a wallet that stores your private keys separately from your internet connected device</li> <li>Make sure you can see full transaction details every time you make a transaction. </li> <li>Constantly educate yourself about how crypto works, and the most recent scam tactics. </li> </ul> <p>Even though owning and interacting with cryptocurrency gives freedom, it comes with risks that don’t exist in the fiat system. But you can be aware of these threats and be proactive in keeping your funds secure. </p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-large"><a href="https://quest.ledger.com/quests/how-to-own-crypto" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.ledger.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-5-1024x576.png" alt="" class="wp-image-255138" srcset="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-5-1024x576.png 1024w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-5-300x169.png 300w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-5-768x432.png 768w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-5-1536x864.png 1536w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-5-490x275.png 490w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-5.png 1920w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 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