Center for Industrial Ecology (CIE) | Yale School of the Environment

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</header> <div class="page-wrapper"> <main id="main-content" class="main-content"> <div id="block-yse-content"> <section class="hero section--global-spacing hero--img"> <div class="hero__background blue--xlight topographic-map"></div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="card card--large card--hero card--stacked" > <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .431"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/320x137/public/content/images/4714/CIE-Rwanda-Had-Different-Plans.jpg?h=b99146d9&itok=FWfc6Blc 320w, /sites/default/files/styles/500x214/public/content/images/4714/CIE-Rwanda-Had-Different-Plans.jpg?h=b99146d9&itok=fisCwfUT 500w, /sites/default/files/styles/768x320/public/content/images/4714/CIE-Rwanda-Had-Different-Plans.jpg?h=b99146d9&itok=9RYT6hzl 768w, /sites/default/files/styles/1160x500/public/content/images/4714/CIE-Rwanda-Had-Different-Plans.jpg?h=b99146d9&itok=KFsLHl-Q 1160w" 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from these processes, and opportunities to reduce resource use and pollution.</p> </div> </div> <div class="jump-nav-column initial-12 medium-4 cell"> <h2 class="eyebrow">On This Page</h2> <ol class="jump-nav" data-jump-nav-hide></ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="checkerboard global-spacing global-spacing--xlarge paragraph--default"> <div class="checkerboards"> <div class="card card--checkerboard" > <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .55"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/16x9z10_xxsmall/public/content/images/4778/recycled_can_bales_shutterstock_1237998316.jpg?h=0d759845&itok=Q2DFstfM 300w, /sites/default/files/styles/16x9z25_small/public/content/images/4778/recycled_can_bales_shutterstock_1237998316.jpg?h=0d759845&itok=CVUt4F8k 550w, 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4.212401-9.9033846 1.109094-2.6944616h5.155669v.7064616c-1.180162.068923-2.054515.4393846-2.291409.8443076v.6052308c0 .2692308.135676 2.2916923.16798 3.1338462l.538395 9.4316923c.303654.5061538 1.382598.8421538 2.526148.9089231z"/><path d="m468.341097 27.5347692h-8.655236l-5.827587.0689231v-.7086154c1.178008-.0667692 2.931022-.4027692 3.26698-1.2470769v-12.9015385c-.202436-.504-1.313683-.8076923-2.491691-.8766153v-.7064616h10.64299c.706374 0 1.178008-.0667692 1.513966-.168h.609463v4.312h-.676223c-.101219-2.2572308-1.010029-2.8624615-2.963326-2.8624615h-3.738614v6.0975384h3.503874c1.75086 0 2.457234-.0344615 2.694128-1.9212307h.639613v5.3221538h-.67407c-.202437-2.0547692-.773135-2.0870769-2.659671-2.0870769h-3.503874v5.5569231c.066761.336.202436.7086154.671917.8766154l4.076726-.0667693c1.718556-.0344615 2.864261-.7753846 2.931022-2.9658461h.639613z"/><path d="m490.202083 11.8698462c-1.178008.068923-2.224648.6073846-2.493845 1.148v9.868923c0 1.3806154.068914 3.739077.167979 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