CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">     <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="zh" xml:lang="zh" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <title>Weld Qualification of the Cold Mass of the Superconducting Quadrupoles Magnets (MQXF) for the HL-LHC Project - CERN Document Server</title> <link href='https://framework.web.cern.ch/framework/2.0/fonts/PTSansWeb/PTSansWeb.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/css/cern_theme.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet"href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar.css" type="text/css" />    <link rel="canonical" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-TW" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ca" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=ca" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ka" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=ka" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=ja" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CERN Document Server RSS" href="/rss?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cds.cern.ch/opensearchdescription" title="CERN Document Server" /> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://cds.cern.ch/unapi" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="zh_CN" /> <meta name="description" content="The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is a major upgrade to the existing Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, aimed at increasing the integrated luminosity of the collider by a factor of ten [1]. A key component of the HL-LHC are the superconducting Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets, known as MQXF, whose purpose is to focus the particle beam [3]. In order to ensure the proper operation and structural reliability of the MQXF quadrupoles, it is essential to qualify the welds of their cold mass, used as a He container of the magnets. This paper describes the process of qualification of the welds involved in the closure of the cold mass, including the testing and inspection methods used to evaluate their strength and soundness. The results of the qualification process are used to ensure that the MQXF quadrupoles cold masses can withstand the high-stress operating conditions of the HL-LHC and operate as expected at cryogenic temperature. The qualification process has been used to implement a novel approach for quality control of the production parts using Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT). This advanced testing method uses phased array ultrasonic probes to scan the welds and generate a detail 3D image of their internal structure. This allows for a more accurate and efficient inspection of the welds, compared to traditional ultrasonic testing methods. Overall, the welding qualification process for the cold mass of the MQXF quadrupoles is a crucial step in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the HL-LHC. Castro, Enrique Rodriguez; Aviles Santillana, Ignacio; Sgobba, Stefano; Izquierdo, Gonzalo Arnau; Bonnin, Simon; Bampton, Tavis; Prin, Herve; Todesco, Ezio; Navas, Elisa Maria Ruiz" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Welding, Testing, ISO Standards, Qualifications, Acoustics, Superconducting magnets, Standards, Cold Mass, Test Method, Luminosity, Large Hadron Collider, Inspection Method, Ultrasonic Testing, Structural Integrity, Ultimate Strength, Longitudinal Direction, Transverse Direction, Relative Permeability, Bending Test, Fracture Toughness, Non-destructive Method, Non-destructive Testing, Penetration Test, Liquid Helium, Heat-affected Zone, Impact Toughness, Destructive Testing, Non-destructive Testing Methods, Artificial Defects, FT test, HL-LHC, mechanical characterisation, MQXF, PAUT, weld qualification" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/>  <meta content="IEEE : Weld Qualification of the Cold Mass of the Superconducting Quadrupoles Magnets (MQXF) for the HL-LHC Project" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="Castro, Enrique Rodriguez" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Todesco, Ezio" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Aviles Santillana, Ignacio" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Bampton, Tavis" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Navas, Elisa Maria Ruiz" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Bonnin, Simon" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Prin, Herve" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Sgobba, Stefano" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Izquierdo, Gonzalo Arnau" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="10.1109/TASC.2024.3353137" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond." name="citation_journal_title" /> <meta content="34" name="citation_volume" /> <meta content="9000904" name="citation_firstpage" /> <meta content="2024" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/03/20"> <meta content="10.1109/TASC.2024.3353137" name="citation_doi" />  <meta content="IEEE" property="og:title" /> <meta content="Weld Qualification of the Cold Mass of the Superconducting Quadrupoles Magnets (MQXF) for the HL-LHC Project" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2892259" property="og:url" /> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="IEEE" property="og:description" /> <meta content="The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is a major upgrade to the existing Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, aimed at increasing the integrated luminosity of the collider by a factor of ten [1]. A key component of the HL-LHC are the superconducting Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets, known as MQXF, whose purpose is to focus the particle beam [3]. In order to ensure the proper operation and structural reliability of the MQXF quadrupoles, it is essential to qualify the welds of their cold mass, used as a He container of the magnets. This paper describes the process of qualification of the welds involved in the closure of the cold mass, including the testing and inspection methods used to evaluate their strength and soundness. The results of the qualification process are used to ensure that the MQXF quadrupoles cold masses can withstand the high-stress operating conditions of the HL-LHC and operate as expected at cryogenic temperature. The qualification process has been used to implement a novel approach for quality control of the production parts using Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT). This advanced testing method uses phased array ultrasonic probes to scan the welds and generate a detail 3D image of their internal structure. This allows for a more accurate and efficient inspection of the welds, compared to traditional ultrasonic testing methods. Overall, the welding qualification process for the cold mass of the MQXF quadrupoles is a crucial step in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the HL-LHC." property="og:description" />  <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CERN32Document32Server search" lang="zh">  <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=zh_CN&referer=https%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2892259/export/hm%3Fln%3Dzh_CN" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=zh_CN">搜寻</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=zh_CN">提交</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=zh_CN">帮助</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=zh_CN">个人化</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=zh_CN">Your alerts</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=zh_CN">Your baskets</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=zh_CN">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=zh_CN">Your searches</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=zh_CN" class="navtrail">主页</a> > <a class="navtrail" href="/record/2892259">Weld Qualification of the Cold Mass of the Superconducting Quadrupoles Magnets (MQXF) for the HL-LHC Project</a> > HTML MARC </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <pre style="margin: 1em 0px;">002892259 001__ 2892259 002892259 003__ SzGeCERN 002892259 005__ 20240326101808.0 002892259 0247_ $$2DOI$$9IEEE$$a10.1109/TASC.2024.3353137 002892259 0248_ $$aoai:cds.cern.ch:2892259$$pcerncds:CERN 002892259 035__ $$9https://inspirehep.net/api/oai2d$$aoai:inspirehep.net:2767535$$d2024-03-19T16:55:49Z$$h2024-03-20T05:00:21Z$$mmarcxml 002892259 035__ $$9Inspire$$a2767535 002892259 041__ $$aeng 002892259 100__ $$aCastro, Enrique Rodriguez$$jORCID:0000-0003-3951-5397$$uCarlos III U., Madrid 002892259 245__ $$9IEEE$$aWeld Qualification of the Cold Mass of the Superconducting Quadrupoles Magnets (MQXF) for the HL-LHC Project 002892259 260__ $$c2024 002892259 300__ $$a4 p 002892259 520__ $$9IEEE$$aThe High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is a major upgrade to the existing Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, aimed at increasing the integrated luminosity of the collider by a factor of ten [1]. A key component of the HL-LHC are the superconducting Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets, known as MQXF, whose purpose is to focus the particle beam [3]. In order to ensure the proper operation and structural reliability of the MQXF quadrupoles, it is essential to qualify the welds of their cold mass, used as a He container of the magnets. This paper describes the process of qualification of the welds involved in the closure of the cold mass, including the testing and inspection methods used to evaluate their strength and soundness. The results of the qualification process are used to ensure that the MQXF quadrupoles cold masses can withstand the high-stress operating conditions of the HL-LHC and operate as expected at cryogenic temperature. The qualification process has been used to implement a novel approach for quality control of the production parts using Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT). This advanced testing method uses phased array ultrasonic probes to scan the welds and generate a detail 3D image of their internal structure. This allows for a more accurate and efficient inspection of the welds, compared to traditional ultrasonic testing methods. Overall, the welding qualification process for the cold mass of the MQXF quadrupoles is a crucial step in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the HL-LHC. 002892259 542__ $$dIEEE$$g2024 002892259 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aAccelerators and Storage Rings 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aWelding 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aTesting 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aISO Standards 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aQualifications 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aAcoustics 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aSuperconducting magnets 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aStandards 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aCold Mass 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aTest Method 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aLuminosity 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aLarge Hadron Collider 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aInspection Method 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aUltrasonic Testing 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aStructural Integrity 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aUltimate Strength 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aLongitudinal Direction 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aTransverse Direction 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aRelative Permeability 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aBending Test 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aFracture Toughness 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aNon-destructive Method 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aNon-destructive Testing 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aPenetration Test 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aLiquid Helium 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aHeat-affected Zone 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aImpact Toughness 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aDestructive Testing 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aNon-destructive Testing Methods 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aArtificial Defects 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aFT test 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aHL-LHC 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$amechanical characterisation 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aMQXF 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aPAUT 002892259 6531_ $$9author$$aweld qualification 002892259 690C_ $$aARTICLE 002892259 690C_ $$aCERN 002892259 693__ $$pCERN HL-LHC 002892259 693__ $$aCERN LHC 002892259 700__ $$aAviles Santillana, Ignacio$$jORCID:0000-0002-3768-8377$$uCERN 002892259 700__ $$aSgobba, Stefano$$jORCID:0000-0002-4473-6058$$uCERN 002892259 700__ $$aIzquierdo, Gonzalo Arnau$$jORCID:0000-0003-1428-0712$$uCERN 002892259 700__ $$aBonnin, Simon$$uCERN 002892259 700__ $$aBampton, Tavis$$uCERN 002892259 700__ $$aPrin, Herve$$jORCID:0009-0002-6001-7755$$uCERN 002892259 700__ $$aTodesco, Ezio$$jORCID:0000-0001-5518-4191$$uCERN 002892259 700__ $$aNavas, Elisa Maria Ruiz$$jORCID:0000-0002-0605-1365$$uCarlos III U., Madrid 002892259 773__ $$c9000904$$n3$$pIEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.$$v34$$y2024 002892259 960__ $$a13 002892259 980__ $$aARTICLE</pre></div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix">  <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=zh_CN">搜寻</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=zh_CN">提交</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=zh_CN">个人化</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=zh_CN">帮助</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> <br /> 伺服器系统： <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> 管理者： <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? Contact <a href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Support</a>. <br /> </div> <div class="pagefooterstriperight"> <div class="cern-logo"> <a id="logo" href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN" rel="CERN" ><img src="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/img/cern-logo-large.png" alt="CERN" /></a> </div> <div class="cern-languagebox"> 本网站提供以下语言选择:<br /><a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=bg" class="langinfo">Български</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=ca" class="langinfo">Català</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=de" class="langinfo">Deutsch</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=el" class="langinfo">Ελληνικά</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=en" class="langinfo">English</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=es" class="langinfo">Español</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=fr" class="langinfo">Français</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=hr" class="langinfo">Hrvatski</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=it" class="langinfo">Italiano</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=ja" class="langinfo">日本語</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=ka" class="langinfo">ქართული</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=no" class="langinfo">Norsk/Bokmål</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=pl" class="langinfo">Polski</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=pt" class="langinfo">Português</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=ru" class="langinfo">Русский</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=sk" class="langinfo">Slovensky</a>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=sv" class="langinfo">Svenska</a>  <span class="langinfo">中文(简)</span>  <a href="/record/2892259/export/hm?ln=zh_TW" class="langinfo">中文(繁)</a> </div> </div>  </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var SyndeticsBookCovers = (function() { var SMALL_SIZE = "sc.gif", MEDIUM_SIZE = "mc.gif", RAW_URL = "https://secure.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=THEISBN/THESIZE&client=cernlibrary"; replaceCover = function(imgElement, isbns, hdFormat) { var img = new Image(), size = hdFormat ? MEDIUM_SIZE : SMALL_SIZE; var _isbns = isbns.sort(function(a, b) { // sort from shortest to longest ISBN (more modern) return a.length > b.length ? 1 : -1; }); function next() { var isbn = _isbns.pop(); if (isbn) { var url = RAW_URL.replace("THEISBN", isbn).replace("THESIZE", size); img.src = url; } } function done() { imgElement.src = img.src; } img.onload = function() { if (this.width > 1) { done(); } else { next(); } }; next(); }; return { replaceCover: replaceCover }; })(); $(document).ready(function() { // get book covers $("img.book-cover").each(function() { var $this = $(this), strIsbns = $this.data("isbns") || "", isbnsArray = String(strIsbns).split(","), hdFormat = $this.hasClass("hd"); SyndeticsBookCovers.replaceCover(this, isbnsArray, hdFormat); }); // WebNews tooltips $.ajax({ url: "/news/tooltips", success: function(data) { create_tooltips(data); }, dataType: "json", cache: false }); }); </script>  <script src="//cds.cern.ch/js/feedback.js"></script>   <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '756']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  </body> </html>