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aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Vedas" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create 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from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rigveda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rigveda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rigveda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rigveda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yajurveda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yajurveda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Yajurveda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yajurveda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samaveda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samaveda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Samaveda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samaveda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atharvaveda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atharvaveda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Atharvaveda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atharvaveda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vedas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 116 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="वेद – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="वेद" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="فيدا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيدا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6" title="বেদ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বেদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedes" title="Vedes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vedes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedalar" title="Vedalar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vedalar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A9da" title="Wéda – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Wéda" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6" title="বেদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_(%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC)" title="Веды (індуізм) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Веды (індуізм)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="वेद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वेद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Веди – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Веди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="རིག་བྱེད། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རིག་བྱེད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vede" title="Vede – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vede" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9dy" title="Védy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Védy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedaerne" title="Vedaerne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vedaerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="वेद – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="वेद" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veedad" title="Veedad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Veedad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Βέδες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βέδες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vedas" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vedas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedoj" title="Vedoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vedoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedak" title="Vedak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vedak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7" title="وداها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وداها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vedas" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feda" title="Feda – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Feda" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda_(relixi%C3%B3n)" title="Veda (relixión) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Veda (relixión)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A6" title="વેદ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વેદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="वेद – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="वेद" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%A4" title="베다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վեդաներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեդաներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="वेद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vede" title="Vede – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vede" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weda" title="Weda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Weda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedaritin" title="Vedaritin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vedaritin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ודות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ודות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A9da" title="Wéda – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wéda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A6" title="ವೇದ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವೇದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ვედები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვედები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ведалар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ведалар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9da" title="Véda – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Véda" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ведалар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ведалар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedi" title="Vedi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vedi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%93das" title="Vēdas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vēdas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedos" title="Vedos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vedos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9d%C3%A1k" title="Védák – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Védák" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="वेद – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="वेद" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Веди – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Веди" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="വേദം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വേദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="वेद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वेद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ვედეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვედეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ودا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ودا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯚꯦꯗꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯚꯦꯗꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda%27s" title="Veda's – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Veda's" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="वेद – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वेद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="वेद – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वेद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80" title="ヴェーダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェーダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedaene" title="Vedaene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vedaene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A6" title="ବେଦ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବେଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedalar" title="Vedalar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vedalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A6" title="ਵੇਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੇਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="वेद – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="वेद" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="وید – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وید" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Vedas" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedy" title="Wedy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wedy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vedas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vede" title="Vede – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vede" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wita" title="Wita – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wita" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Веды – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Веды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83" title="वेदः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वेदः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱵᱮᱫᱚ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱮᱫᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vedas" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedat" title="Vedat – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vedat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AF" title="වේද – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වේද" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="ويد – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ويد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9da" title="Véda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Véda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vede" title="Vede – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vede" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8E%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڤێداکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤێداکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Веде – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Веде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vede" title="Vede – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vede" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weda" title="Weda – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Weda" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda-kirjat" title="Veda-kirjat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Veda-kirjat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வேதம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ведалар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ведалар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="చతుర్వేదాలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చతుర్వేదాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97" title="พระเวท – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเวท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Ведаҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ведаҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A6" title="ವೇದ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ವೇದ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedalar" title="Vedalar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vedalar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Веди – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Веди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="وید – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وید" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinh_V%E1%BB%87-%C4%91%C3%A0" title="Kinh Vệ-đà – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kinh Vệ-đà" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedaq" title="Vedaq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vedaq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80" title="吠陀 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="吠陀" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda" title="Veda – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Veda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80" title="吠陀 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="吠陀" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80" title="吠陀 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="吠陀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%97das" title="Vėdas – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vėdas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" 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#e1b039; background: #FFFFFF; padding: 1px; font-size: 75%; margin: 0 0 0 5px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:orange; text-align: center; font-size: 120%"><b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_scripture" title="Hindu scripture">Hindu texts</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Aum.svg/75px-Aum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Aum.svg/113px-Aum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Aum.svg/150px-Aum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="201" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti_(scripture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Śruti (scripture)">Śruti</a></b> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vedas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rig_Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rig Veda">Rig Veda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama Veda">Sama Veda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharva_Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Atharva Veda">Atharva Veda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmanas" title="Brahmanas">Brahmanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyakas" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranyakas">Aranyakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishad" title="Upanishad">Upanishads</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smriti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smriti (not yet started)">Smriti</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa" title="Itihasa">Itihasas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahābhārata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gītā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Purana">Puranas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Purana#List_of_Puranas" class="mw-redirect" title="Purana">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutra (not yet started)">Sutras</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutra (not yet started)">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stotras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stotras (not yet started)">Stotras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashtavakra_Gita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashtavakra Gita (not yet started)">Ashtavakra Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gherand_Samhita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gherand Samhita (not yet started)">Gherand Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Gita Govinda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika (not yet started)">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></li></ul> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><span>This box: </span><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_scriptures" title="Template:Hindu scriptures"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Hindu_scriptures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Hindu scriptures (not yet started)"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Hindu_scriptures&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Vedas</b> are the four holiest books of the Hindu religion. </p><p>Each book has four major kinds of text – the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samhita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samhita (not yet started)">Samhitas</a> (mantras and benedictions), the <a href="/wiki/Aranyakas" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranyakas">Aranyakas</a> (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the <a href="/wiki/Brahmanas" title="Brahmanas">Brahmanas</a> (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the <a href="/wiki/Upanishads" class="mw-redirect" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a> (texts discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge). The Vedas are written in <i>Vedic <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></i>. </p><p>Later types of Hinduism that are very different from the types of Hinduism that follow the Vedas. </p><p>The four Vedas are: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rigveda">Rigveda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Rigveda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Rigveda"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rigveda is the first of the four Vedas. Rigveda means a <i>Veda of praise</i>. This Veda has several verses (hymns). This Veda is also the oldest Hindu holy book. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Yajurveda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Yajurveda"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yajurveda is the second of the four Vedas. Yajurveda means the Veda of the Yajus. Yajus were <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantras</a> sung during religious activities. Yajurveda is divided into two parts. The name of the first part is Black Yajurveda, called Taittiriya.The Taittirīya Upanishad is a Vedic era Sanskrit text, embedded as three chapters of the Yajurveda. It is a mukhya Upanishad, and likely composed about 6th century BC. The Taittirīya Upanishad is associated with the Taittirīya school of the Yajurveda, attributed to the pupils of sage Tittiri. The name of the second part is White Yajurveda, is called Vajasaneyi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samaveda">Samaveda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Samaveda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Samaveda"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Samaveda is the third Veda of the four Vedas. Samaveda means the Veda of sacred songs. This Veda also has many hymns. They were sung by the Hindu priests and other Hindus during religious activities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Atharvaveda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Atharvaveda"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atharvaveda is the fourth of the four Vedas. Atharvaveda means the <i>Veda of knowledge</i>. The Atharvaveda holds key for the massive vedic knowledge on the sciences like medicine, sorcery and has many facts that the present generation is still trying to crack. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Flood, Gavin. <i>An Introduction to Hinduism</i>. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1996. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43878-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43878-0">0-521-43878-0</a>.</li> <li>Michaels, Axel. <i>Hinduism: Past and Present</i>. Princeton University Press: 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-08953-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-08953-1">0-691-08953-1</a>.</li> <li>Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli; and Moore, Charles A. <i>A Source Book in Indian Philosophy</i>. Princeton University Press, 1957; Princeton paperback 12th edition, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-01958-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-01958-4">0-691-01958-4</a>.</li> <li>Walker, Benjamin <i>Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism</i>, (Two Volumes), Allen & Unwin, London, 1968; Praeger, New York, 1968; Munshiram Manohar Lal, New Delhi, 1983; Harper Collins, New Delhi, 1985; Rupa, New Delhi, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-291-0670-1" title="Special:BookSources/81-291-0670-1">81-291-0670-1</a>.</li> <li>Winternitz, Moriz. <i>History of Indian Literature</i>. Vol. 1 (of two volumes), p. 1. (Calcutta 1926)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Bibliography" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliography"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFChauhan2012" class="citation cs2">Chauhan, Priyanka (2012), <i>Vedic Vangmaya Main Vigyan Aur Prodhyogiki</i> (1st ed.), Bareilly: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prakash_Book_Depot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prakash Book Depot (not yet started)">Prakash Book Depot</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8179774434" title="Special:BookSources/978-8179774434"><bdi>978-8179774434</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vedic+Vangmaya+Main+Vigyan+Aur+Prodhyogiki&rft.place=Bareilly&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Prakash+Book+Depot&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-8179774434&rft.aulast=Chauhan&rft.aufirst=Priyanka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AVedas" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharatadesam.com/spiritual/rvs/rv_main_index.php">A translation of Rig Veda</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/index.htm#vedas">The Vedas at sacred-texts.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comparative-religion.com/hinduism/vedas/">Vedas: Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Artharva</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080504160357/http://www.comparative-religion.com/hinduism/vedas/">Archived</a> 2008-05-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achourya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achourya (not yet started)">Asteya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aparigraha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aparigraha (not yet started)">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmacarya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmacarya (not yet started)">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satya (not yet started)">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C4%81na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dāna (not yet started)">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperance_(virtue)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temperance (virtue) (not yet started)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akrodha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akrodha (not yet started)">Akrodha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Āstika and nāstika (not yet started)">Āstika</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samkhya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samkhya (not yet started)">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyaya (not yet started)">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisheshika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaisheshika (not yet started)">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mīmāṃsā (not yet started)">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvaita_Vedanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvaita Vedanta (not yet started)">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishishtadvaita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vishishtadvaita (not yet started)">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Āstika and nāstika (not yet started)">Nāstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hindu "Om" 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smriti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smriti (not yet started)">Smriti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedic_chant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedic chant (not yet started)">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmana (not yet started)">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" class="mw-redirect" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aitareya_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aitareya Upanishad (not yet started)">Aitareya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaushitaki_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad (not yet started)">Kaushitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (not yet started)">Brihadaranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isha_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isha Upanishad (not yet started)">Isha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taittiriya_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taittiriya Upanishad (not yet started)">Taittiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katha_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katha Upanishad (not yet started)">Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maitrayaniya_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad (not yet started)">Maitrayaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shvetashvatara_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad (not yet started)">Shvetashvatara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chandogya_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chandogya Upanishad (not yet started)">Chandogya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kena_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kena Upanishad (not yet started)">Kena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prashna_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prashna Upanishad (not yet started)">Prashna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upaveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upaveda (not yet started)">Upavedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_martial_arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian martial arts (not yet started)">Dhanurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natya_Shastra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natya Shastra (not yet started)">Natyaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_temple_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindu temple architecture (not yet started)">Sthapatyaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedanga (not yet started)">Vedanga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiksha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiksha (not yet started)">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanskrit_prosody&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanskrit prosody (not yet started)">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyākaraṇa (not yet started)">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirukta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirukta (not yet started)">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalpa_(Vedanga)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalpa (Vedanga) (not yet started)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jyotisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jyotisha (not yet started)">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Hindu_texts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Hindu texts (not yet started)">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_(Hinduism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama (Hinduism) (not yet started)">Agamas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itihasa-Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itihasa-Purana (not yet started)">Itihasas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitisara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitisara (not yet started)">Nitisara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusmriti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manusmriti (not yet started)">Manusmriti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C4%81radasm%E1%B9%9Bti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nāradasmṛti (not yet started)">Nāradasmṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C4%81j%C3%B1avalkya_Sm%E1%B9%9Bti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yājñavalkya Smṛti (not yet started)">Yājñavalkya Smṛti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutra (not yet started)">Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stotra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stotra (not yet started)">Stotras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subhashita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subhashita (not yet started)">Subhashita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantras_(Hinduism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantras (Hinduism) (not yet started)">Tantras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_Vasistha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoga Vasistha (not yet started)">Yoga Vasistha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali (not yet started)">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sangam_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sangam literature (not yet started)">Sangam literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirumurai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tirumurai (not yet started)">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divya_Prabandham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divya Prabandham (not yet started)">Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai (not yet started)">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruppugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thiruppugal (not yet started)">Thiruppugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirukkural">Thirukkural</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamba_Ramayanam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamba Ramayanam (not yet started)">Kamba Ramayanam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Great_Epics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Five Great Epics (not yet started)">Five Great Epics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eighteen_Greater_Texts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eighteen Greater Texts (not yet started)">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eighteen_Lesser_Texts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts (not yet started)">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athichudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athichudi (not yet started)">Athichudi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraiyanar_Akapporul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul (not yet started)">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhirami_Antati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abhirami Antati (not yet started)">Abhirami Antati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam (not yet started)">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinayagar_Agaval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinayagar Agaval (not yet started)">Vinayagar Agaval</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedarthasamgraha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedarthasamgraha (not yet started)">Vedarthasamgraha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Hindu_gods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Hindu gods (not yet started)"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhumi_(goddess)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhumi (goddess) (not yet started)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahavidya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahavidya (not yet started)">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matrika (not yet started)">Matrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rukmini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rukmini (not yet started)">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sati_(Hindu_goddess)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sati (Hindu goddess) (not yet started)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shashthi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shashthi (not yet started)">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Worship_in_Hinduism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Worship in Hinduism (not yet started)">Worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhakti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhakti (not yet started)">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japa (not yet started)">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhajan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhajan (not yet started)">Bhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naivedhya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naivedhya (not yet started)">Naivedhya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yajna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yajna (not yet started)">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homa_(ritual)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homa (ritual) (not yet started)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapas_(Indian_religions)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapas (Indian religions) (not yet started)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhy%C4%81na_in_Hinduism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhyāna in Hinduism (not yet started)">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India (not yet started)">Tirthatana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanskara_(rite_of_passage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanskara (rite of passage) (not yet started)">Sanskaras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garbhadhana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garbhadhana (not yet started)">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pumsavana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pumsavana (not yet started)">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pumsavana_Simantonayana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana (not yet started)">Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jatakarma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jatakarma (not yet started)">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nāmakaraṇa (not yet started)">Namakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishkramana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nishkramana (not yet started)">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annaprashana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annaprashana (not yet started)">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chudakarana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chudakarana (not yet started)">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karnavedha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karnavedha (not yet started)">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ (not yet started)">Vidyarambha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upanayana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upanayana (not yet started)">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keshanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keshanta (not yet started)">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ritu_Kala_Samskaram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram (not yet started)">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samavartanam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samavartanam (not yet started)">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vivaah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vivaah (not yet started)">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antyesti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antyesti (not yet started)">Antyeshti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th 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