CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Lawrence Lessig: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"57396f39-4869-498d-b4b6-d1fb9d3f8f62","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Lawrence_Lessig","wgTitle":"Lawrence Lessig","wgCurRevisionId":1259696610,"wgRevisionId":1259696610,"wgArticleId":54496,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: periodical ignored","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","Webarchive template archiveis links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from August 2015","Articles with hCards","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2024", "Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","People appearing on C-SPAN","Articles containing video clips","Lawrence Lessig","1961 births","21st-century American non-fiction writers","21st-century American politicians","Access to Knowledge activists","Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge","American bloggers","American lawyers","American legal scholars","American people of German descent","American political writers","Candidates in the 2016 United States presidential election","Computer law scholars","Copyright activists","Copyright scholars","Creative Commons-licensed authors","Harvard Law School faculty","Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States","Living people","Massachusetts Democrats","Members of the Creative Commons board of directors","Open content activists","People from Rapid City, South Dakota","People from Williamsport, Pennsylvania","American scholars of constitutional law","Sexual abuse victim advocates","Stanford Law School faculty", "University of Chicago faculty","Webby Award winners","Wharton School alumni","Wired (magazine) people","Yale Law School alumni"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Lawrence_Lessig","wgRelevantArticleId":54496,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"extRevisionSliderTimeOffset":0,"wgDiffOldId":1259545451,"wgDiffNewId":1259696610,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[], "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q217790","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-editing-advanced":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss":"ready", "mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.diff.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","mediawiki.helplink":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyJs","mediawiki.diff","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.diff.styles%7Cmediawiki.helplink%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility%2Cicons-editing-advanced%2Cindicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/20/Lessig_Creative_Commons_20_years.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1301"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/20/Lessig_Creative_Commons_20_years.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="867"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="694"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Lawrence Lessig: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mw-article-diff skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Lawrence_Lessig rootpage-Lawrence_Lessig skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lawrence+Lessig&returntoquery=curid%3D54496%26diff%3D1259696610%26oldid%3D1259545451" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lawrence+Lessig&returntoquery=curid%3D54496%26diff%3D1259696610%26oldid%3D1259545451" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lawrence+Lessig&returntoquery=curid%3D54496%26diff%3D1259696610%26oldid%3D1259545451" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lawrence+Lessig&returntoquery=curid%3D54496%26diff%3D1259696610%26oldid%3D1259545451" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Life_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Life and career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_and_computer_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_and_computer_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Internet and computer activism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Internet_and_computer_activism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Internet and computer activism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Internet_and_computer_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Code_is_law"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Code_is_law""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>"Code is law"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Code_is_law"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Remix_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remix_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Remix culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remix_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Free culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Net_neutrality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Net_neutrality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Net neutrality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Net_neutrality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Legislative reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Legal challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Killswitch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Killswitch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span><i>Killswitch</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Killswitch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Electors_Trust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Electors_Trust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>The Electors Trust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Electors_Trust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial_intelligence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial_intelligence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Artificial intelligence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial_intelligence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Money-in-politics_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Money-in-politics_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Money-in-politics activism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Money-in-politics_activism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Money-in-politics activism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Money-in-politics_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rootstrikers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rootstrikers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Rootstrikers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rootstrikers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Article_V_convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Article_V_convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Article V convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Article_V_convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Hampshire_Rebellion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Hampshire_Rebellion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>New Hampshire Rebellion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Hampshire_Rebellion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_presidential_candidacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_presidential_candidacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>2016 presidential candidacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_presidential_candidacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_College_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_College_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Electoral College reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_College_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amendment_Fourteen,_section_three" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amendment_Fourteen,_section_three"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Amendment Fourteen, section three</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amendment_Fourteen,_section_three-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defamation_lawsuit_against_The_New_York_Times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defamation_lawsuit_against_The_New_York_Times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Defamation lawsuit against <i>The New York Times</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defamation_lawsuit_against_The_New_York_Times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable cases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lawrence Lessig: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC" title="لورانس ليسيج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لورانس ليسيج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82" title="لارنس لسیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لارنس لسیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B3" title="Лорэнс Лесіг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лорэнс Лесіг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Лорънс Лесиг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лорънс Лесиг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Λώρενς Λέσιγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λώρενς Λέσιγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%AF" title="لارنس لسیگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لارنس لسیگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%9F%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A0%88%EC%8B%9C%EA%B7%B8" title="로런스 레시그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로런스 레시그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%92" title="לורנס לסיג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לורנס לסיג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Лоуренс Лессиг – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лоуренс Лессиг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോറൻസ് ലെസിഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോറൻസ് ലെസിഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC" title="لورانس ليسيج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لورانس ليسيج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B0" title="ローレンス・レッシグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ローレンス・レッシグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3,_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Лессиг, Лоуренс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лессиг, Лоуренс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="லோறன்ஸ் லெசிக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லோறன்ஸ் லெசிக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ลอว์เรนซ์ เลสสิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลอว์เรนซ์ เลสสิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lawrence Lessig" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B3" title="Лоуренс Лессіг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лоуренс Лессіг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E5%B8%AD%E6%A0%BC" title="勞倫斯·雷席格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="勞倫斯·雷席格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217790#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Lawrence_Lessig" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Lawrence_Lessig" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Lawrence_Lessig" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&oldid=1259696610" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Lawrence_Lessig&id=1259696610&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DLawrence_Lessig%26curid%3D54496%26diff%3D1259696610%26oldid%3D1259545451"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DLawrence_Lessig%26curid%3D54496%26diff%3D1259696610%26oldid%3D1259545451"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lawrence_Lessig&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Lawrence_Lessig" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217790" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>Help</a></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-revslider-container"><span style='width: 100%; text-align: center;' id='ooui-php-1' class='mw-revslider-toggle-button oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-indicatorElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ButtonWidget","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"indicator":"down","label":"Browse history interactively","title":"Open revision slider","classes":["mw-revslider-toggle-button"]}'><a role='button' title='Open revision slider' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Browse history interactively</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicator-down'></span></a></span><div class="mw-revslider-slider-wrapper" style="display: none;"><div class="mw-revslider-placeholder"><div class="mw-revslider-spinner"><div class="mw-revslider-bounce"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mw-diff-revision-history-links"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&diff=prev&oldid=1259545451" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-previous" title="Lawrence Lessig">← Previous edit</a></div><div class="mw-diff-table-prefix" dir="ltr" lang="en"><div class="mw-diff-inline-legend oo-ui-element-hidden"><span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-del">Content deleted</span> <span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-ins">Content added</span></div><div class="ve-init-mw-diffPage-diffMode"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonGroupWidget'><span aria-disabled='true' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-disabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget'><a role='button' tabindex='-1' aria-disabled='true' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-eye oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Visual</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget oo-ui-buttonElement-active'><a role='button' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-wikiText oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Wikitext</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span></span></div><div class="mw-diffPage-inlineToggle-container"><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch-layout' class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-left' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.FieldLayout","fieldWidget":{"tag":"mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch"},"$overlay":true,"label":"Inline","title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' id='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Inline</label></span><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch' title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' aria-checked='false' tabindex='0' role='switch' aria-labelledby='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-toggleWidget oo-ui-toggleWidget-off oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ToggleSwitchWidget","href":"\/w\/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&curid=54496&diff=1259696610&oldid=1259545451&diff-type=inline","value":false,"title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-glow'></span><a href='/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&curid=54496&diff=1259696610&oldid=1259545451&diff-type=inline'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-grip'></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><table class="diff diff-type-table diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&oldid=1259545451" title="Lawrence Lessig">Revision as of 19:21, 25 November 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&oldid=1259545451" title="Lawrence Lessig">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-11-25T19:21:42Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Fluddsskark" class="mw-redirect mw-userlink" title="User:Fluddsskark" data-mw-revid="1259545451"><bdi>Fluddsskark</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Fluddsskark" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Fluddsskark">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Fluddsskark" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Fluddsskark">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>628</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"><span class="comment mw-comment-none">No edit summary</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&diff=prev&oldid=1259545451" title="Lawrence Lessig" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&oldid=1259696610" title="Lawrence Lessig">Latest revision as of 15:51, 26 November 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit" title="Lawrence Lessig">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-11-26T15:51:45Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&undoafter=1259545451&undo=1259696610" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Fluddsskark" class="mw-redirect mw-userlink" title="User:Fluddsskark" data-mw-revid="1259696610"><bdi>Fluddsskark</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Fluddsskark" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Fluddsskark">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Fluddsskark" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Fluddsskark">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>628</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="This is a minor edit">m</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#External_links">→<bdi dir="ltr">External links</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 234:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 234:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{IMDb name|2163781}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* {{IMDb name|2163781}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{TED speaker}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* {{TED speaker}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* {{Bluesky|lessig.bsky.social}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{s-start}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{s-start}}</div></td> </tr>  </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Latest revision as of 15:51, 26 November 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American legal scholar and activist (born 1961)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessing" title="Lawrence Lessing">Lawrence Lessing</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Lawrence Lessig</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lessig_Creative_Commons_20_years.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lessig looking at the camera with a shelf of books behind him" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Lessig_Creative_Commons_20_years.png/220px-Lessig_Creative_Commons_20_years.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Lessig_Creative_Commons_20_years.png/330px-Lessig_Creative_Commons_20_years.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Lessig_Creative_Commons_20_years.png/440px-Lessig_Creative_Commons_20_years.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="540" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Lessig in 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Lester Lawrence Lessig III</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1961-06-03</span>) </span>June 3, 1961<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 63)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City, South Dakota</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/B._S." class="mw-redirect" title="B. S.">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">founding <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Equal_Citizens" title="Equal Citizens">Equal Citizens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title">Director of the <a href="/wiki/Edmond_J._Safra_Center_for_Ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics">Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (2009–2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free-culture movement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform" title="Electoral reform">electoral reform</a> movement</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Bettina Neuefeind</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1999)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lessig.org">lessig<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217790#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lester Lawrence</b> "<b>Larry</b>" <b>Lessig III</b> (born June 3, 1961) is an American legal scholar and <a href="/wiki/Political_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political activist">political activist</a>. He is the Roy L. Furman Professor of Law at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> and the former director of the <a href="/wiki/Edmond_J._Safra_Center_for_Ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics">Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the founder of <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Equal_Citizens" title="Equal Citizens">Equal Citizens</a>. Lessig was a <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig_presidential_campaign,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Lessig presidential campaign, 2016">candidate</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>'s nomination for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 U.S. presidential election</a> but withdrew before the primaries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lessig_in_June_1997.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lessig in 1997" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Lessig_in_June_1997.png/220px-Lessig_in_June_1997.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Lessig_in_June_1997.png/330px-Lessig_in_June_1997.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Lessig_in_June_1997.png/440px-Lessig_in_June_1997.png 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Lessig in 1997</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/IntervjuLessig.ogv/300px--IntervjuLessig.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="169" data-durationhint="325" data-mwtitle="IntervjuLessig.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:IntervjuLessig.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/IntervjuLessig.ogv/IntervjuLessig.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/IntervjuLessig.ogv/IntervjuLessig.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/IntervjuLessig.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/IntervjuLessig.ogv/IntervjuLessig.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/IntervjuLessig.ogv/IntervjuLessig.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/IntervjuLessig.ogv/IntervjuLessig.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/IntervjuLessig.ogv/IntervjuLessig.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Interview with Lawrence Lessig in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Lessig was born on June 3, 1961, in <a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City, South Dakota</a> to Lester Lawrence "Jack" Lessig II (1929–2020) who was an engineer and Patricia "Pat" West Lessig (1930–2019), a real estate agent.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has two older step-siblings, Robert (died 2019) and Kitty, and a younger biological sister, Leslie. He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Williamsport,_Pennsylvania" title="Williamsport, Pennsylvania">Williamsport, Pennsylvania</a>. He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> in 1983 with a double degree <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a> in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a> in management. He then studied <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>, receiving an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxbridge_and_Dublin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)">MA</a> in 1986. Lessig then returned to the United States to attend law school. He did his first year at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_School" title="University of Chicago Law School">University of Chicago Law School</a> before transferring to <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a>, and graduated in 1989 with a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a> degree. </p><p>After graduation from law school, Lessig was a <a href="/wiki/Law_clerk" title="Law clerk">law clerk</a> for <a href="/wiki/Richard_Posner" title="Richard Posner">Richard Posner</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</a> from 1989 to 1990, and then for Justice <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> from 1990 to 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-resume_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resume-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lessig started his academic career at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_School" title="University of Chicago Law School">University of Chicago Law School</a>, where he was professor from 1991 to 1997. As co-director of its Center for the Study of Constitutionalism in Eastern Europe, he helped the newly independent <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Republic of Georgia</a> draft a constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1997 to 2000, he was at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>, holding for a year the chair of Berkman Professor of Law, affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Berkman_Klein_Center_for_Internet_%26_Society" title="Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society">Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-resume_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resume-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He subsequently joined <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Law_School" title="Stanford Law School">Stanford Law School</a>, where he established the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Center_for_Internet_and_Society" title="Stanford Center for Internet and Society">Stanford Center for Internet and Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-short-bio_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-short-bio-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lessig returned to Harvard in July 2009 as professor and director of the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics.<sup id="cite_ref-hl-news_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hl-news-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, Lessig was appointed as the Roy L. Furman Professor of Law and Leadership at Harvard; his chair lecture was entitled "Aaron's Laws: Law and Justice in a Digital Age."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lessig is a proponent of reduced legal restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">radio frequency</a> spectrum, particularly in technology applications. In 2001, he founded <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a>, a nonprofit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon and to share legally. Prior to his most recent appointment at Harvard, he was a professor of law at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Law_School" title="Stanford Law School">Stanford Law School</a>, where he founded the Stanford Center for Internet and Society, and at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. He is a former board member of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Software_Freedom_Law_Center" title="Software Freedom Law Center">Software Freedom Law Center</a>; the Washington, D.C. lobbying groups <a href="/wiki/Public_Knowledge" title="Public Knowledge">Public Knowledge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_Press_(advocacy_group)" title="Free Press (advocacy group)">Free Press</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a political activist, Lessig has called for state-based activism to promote substantive reform of government with a <a href="/wiki/Second_Constitutional_Convention_of_the_United_States" title="Second Constitutional Convention of the United States">Second Constitutional Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-twsNovQ11_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twsNovQ11-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2014, he launched a crowd-funded <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committee</a> that he entitled, <a href="/wiki/Mayday_PAC" title="Mayday PAC">Mayday PAC</a>, with the purpose of electing candidates to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> who would pass <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance reform in the United States">campaign finance reform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig is also the co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Rootstrikers" title="Rootstrikers">Rootstrikers</a>, and is on the boards of <a href="/wiki/MapLight" title="MapLight">MapLight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Represent.Us" class="mw-redirect" title="Represent.Us">Represent.Us</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He serves on the advisory boards of the <i>Democracy Café</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Sunlight_Foundation" title="Sunlight Foundation">Sunlight Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2015, Lessig announced that he was exploring a possible candidacy for president of the United States, promising to run if his exploratory committee raised $1 million by <a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-why_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-why-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After accomplishing this, on September 6, 2015, Lessig announced that he was entering the race <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig_presidential_campaign,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Lessig presidential campaign, 2016">to become a candidate</a> for the 2016 <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016">presidential nomination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig described his candidacy as a referendum on <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance reform in the United States">campaign finance reform</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform" title="Electoral reform">electoral reform</a> legislation. He stated that, if elected, he would serve a full term as president with his proposed reforms as his legislative priorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Marans_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marans-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ended his campaign in November 2015, citing rule changes from the Democratic Party that precluded him from appearing in the televised debates.<sup id="cite_ref-Graham_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_background">Political background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jonathan_Zittrain_and_Lawrence_Lessig_(Google_DC,_March_20_2008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Jonathan_Zittrain_and_Lawrence_Lessig_%28Google_DC%2C_March_20_2008%29.jpg/220px-Jonathan_Zittrain_and_Lawrence_Lessig_%28Google_DC%2C_March_20_2008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Jonathan_Zittrain_and_Lawrence_Lessig_%28Google_DC%2C_March_20_2008%29.jpg/330px-Jonathan_Zittrain_and_Lawrence_Lessig_%28Google_DC%2C_March_20_2008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Jonathan_Zittrain_and_Lawrence_Lessig_%28Google_DC%2C_March_20_2008%29.jpg/440px-Jonathan_Zittrain_and_Lawrence_Lessig_%28Google_DC%2C_March_20_2008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Harvard internet law professor <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Zittrain" title="Jonathan Zittrain">Jonathan Zittrain</a> and Lessig in 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Lessig has emphasized in interviews that his study of philosophy at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> radically changed his values and career path. Previously, he had held strong conservative or <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a> political views, desired a career in business, was a highly active member of <a href="/wiki/Teenage_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Teenage Republicans">Teenage Republicans</a>, served as the 1978 youth governor for Pennsylvania through the <a href="/wiki/YMCA_Youth_and_Government" title="YMCA Youth and Government">YMCA Youth and Government</a> program,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and almost pursued a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> political career. </p><p>Since studying philosophy at Cambridge in the mid-1980s, Lessig has been politically <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">liberal</a>. What was intended to be a year abroad at Cambridge convinced him instead to stay another two years to complete an undergraduate degree in philosophy and develop his changing political values. During this time, he also traveled in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>, where he acquired a lifelong interest in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern European</a> law and politics.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the late 1980s, two influential <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> judges, Judge <a href="/wiki/Richard_Posner" title="Richard Posner">Richard Posner</a> and Justice <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a>, selected him to serve as a <a href="/wiki/Law_clerk" title="Law clerk">law clerk</a>, choosing him because they considered him brilliant, rather than for his ideology, and effectively making him the "token liberal" on their respective staffs.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Posner would call Lessig "the most distinguished law professor of his generation."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lessig remains skeptical of government intervention, but favors some regulation, calling himself "a constitutionalist". On one occasion, Lessig also commended the <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> campaign for discussing <a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a> rights in a letter to <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> where it took issue with YouTube for indulging overreaching copyright claims that led to the removal of various campaign videos.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internet_and_computer_activism">Internet and computer activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Internet and computer activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lawrence_lessig,_joi_ito.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Lawrence_lessig%2C_joi_ito.jpg/220px-Lawrence_lessig%2C_joi_ito.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Lawrence_lessig%2C_joi_ito.jpg/330px-Lawrence_lessig%2C_joi_ito.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Lawrence_lessig%2C_joi_ito.jpg/440px-Lawrence_lessig%2C_joi_ito.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2347" /></a><figcaption>Lessig with fellow Creative Commons board member <a href="/wiki/Joi_Ito" title="Joi Ito">Joi Ito</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Code_is_law""><span id=".22Code_is_law.22"></span>"Code is law"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: "Code is law""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, "code" typically refers to the text of a computer program (the <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a>). In law, "code" may refer to the texts that constitute <a href="/wiki/Statutory_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory law">statutory law</a>. In his 1999 book entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Code_and_Other_Laws_of_Cyberspace" title="Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace">Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace</a></i>, Lessig explores the ways in which code can be instruments for <a href="/wiki/Social_control" title="Social control">social control</a> in both senses, leading to his dictum that "Code is law". Lessig later updated his work in order to keep up with the prevailing views of the time and released the book as <i><a href="/wiki/Code:_Version_2.0" title="Code: Version 2.0">Code: Version 2.0</a></i> in December 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remix_culture">Remix culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Remix culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lessig has been a proponent of the <a href="/wiki/Remix_culture" title="Remix culture">remix culture</a> since the early 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 2008 book entitled, <a href="/wiki/Remix_(book)" title="Remix (book)"><i>Remix</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he presents this as a desirable cultural practice distinct from piracy. Lessig further articulates remix culture as intrinsic to technology and the Internet. Remix culture is therefore an amalgam of practice, creativity, "read/write" culture, and the hybrid economy. </p><p>According to Lessig, the problem with the remix comes when it is at odds with stringent U.S. copyright law. He has compared this to the failure of <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">prohibition</a>, both in its ineffectiveness and in its tendency to normalize criminal behavior. Instead he proposes more lenient licensing, namely <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons licenses</a>, as a remedy to maintain "rule of law" while combating plagiarism.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_culture">Free culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Free culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Free_Culture_(book)" title="Free Culture (book)">Free Culture (book)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free-culture movement</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg/220px-Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg/330px-Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg/440px-Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a> and Lessig in 2002 at the launch party for <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On March 28, 2004 Lessig was elected to the FSF board of directors.<sup id="cite_ref-Fsf.org_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fsf.org-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He proposed the concept of "<a href="/wiki/Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">free culture</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also supports <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_spectrum" title="Open spectrum">open spectrum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At his free culture keynote speech at the <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Open_Source_Convention" title="O'Reilly Open Source Convention">O'Reilly Open Source Convention</a> 2002, a few minutes of his speech was about <a href="/wiki/Software_patent" title="Software patent">software patents</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which he views as a rising threat to <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Open_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source software">open source software</a>, and innovation. </p><p>In March 2006, Lessig joined the board of advisors of the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Universe" title="Digital Universe">Digital Universe</a> project.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few months later, Lessig gave a talk on the ethics of the Free Culture Movement at the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Wikimania" title="Wikimania">Wikimania</a> conference. In December 2006, his lecture <i>On Free, and the Differences between Culture and Code</i> was one of the highlights at <a href="/wiki/Chaos_Communication_Congress" title="Chaos Communication Congress">23C3 <i>Who can you trust?</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Comedy Central, Lessig claimed in 2009 that because 70 percent of young people obtain digital information from illegal sources, laws should be changed.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a foreword to the <a href="/wiki/Freesouls" title="Freesouls">Freesouls</a> book project, Lessig makes an argument in favor of amateur artists in the world of digital technologies: "there is a different class of amateur creators that digital technologies have ... enabled, and a different kind of creativity has emerged as a consequence".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lessig is also a well-known critic of <a href="/wiki/Copyright_term" title="Copyright term">copyright term</a> extensions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Net_neutrality">Net neutrality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Net neutrality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lessig-Wales-20070615.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lessig-Wales-20070615.jpg/220px-Lessig-Wales-20070615.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lessig-Wales-20070615.jpg/330px-Lessig-Wales-20070615.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lessig-Wales-20070615.jpg/440px-Lessig-Wales-20070615.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2317" data-file-height="1563" /></a><figcaption>Lessig and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Jimmy Wales</a> at the iCommons iSummit07 in <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Lessig has long been known to be a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a>. In 2006, he testified before the U.S. Senate that he believed Congress should ratify <a href="/wiki/Michael_Powell_(attorney)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Powell (attorney)">Michael Powell</a>'s four Internet freedoms and add a restriction to access-tiering, i.e., he does not believe content providers should be charged different amounts. The reason is that the Internet, under the neutral end-to-end design is an invaluable platform for innovation, and the economic benefit of innovation would be threatened if large corporations could purchase faster service to the detriment of newer companies with less capital. However, Lessig has supported the idea of allowing ISPs to give consumers the option of different tiers of service at different prices. He was reported on CBC News as saying that he has always been in favour of allowing internet providers to charge differently for consumer access at different speeds. He said, "Now, no doubt, my position might be wrong. Some friends in the network neutrality movement as well as some scholars believe it is wrong—that it doesn't go far enough. But the suggestion that the position is 'recent' is baseless. If I'm wrong, I've always been wrong."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_reform">Legislative reform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legislative reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite presenting an anti-regulatory standpoint in many fora, Lessig still sees the need for legislative enforcement of copyright. He has called for limiting copyright terms for creative professionals to five years, but believes that since many of them are independent, the work of creative professionals would become more easily and quickly available if a bureaucratic procedure were introduced to renew trademarks for up to 75 years after this five-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lessig has repeatedly taken a stance that privatization through legislation such as that seen in the 1980s in the UK with British Telecommunications is not the best way to help the Internet grow. He said, "When government disappears, it's not as if paradise will take its place. When governments are gone, other interests will take their place", "My claim is that we should focus on the values of liberty. If there is not government to insist on those values, then who?" "The single unifying force should be that we govern ourselves."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_challenges">Legal challenges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legal challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lawrence_Lessig_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lawrence_Lessig_%2810%29.jpg/210px-Lawrence_Lessig_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lawrence_Lessig_%2810%29.jpg/315px-Lawrence_Lessig_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lawrence_Lessig_%2810%29.jpg/420px-Lawrence_Lessig_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3916" data-file-height="2634" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBIj9k6Fc80">Q&A: Lawrence Lessig</a> (58:48), <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a><sup id="cite_ref-CSPAN_A_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSPAN_A-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q25-S7jzgs">Larry Lessig: Laws that choke creativity</a> (19:08), <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED talks</a><sup id="cite_ref-TED_B_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TED_B-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhTUzNKpfio">TEDxNYED – Lawrence Lessig</a> (19:07), <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TEDx talks</a><sup id="cite_ref-TEDx_C_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEDx_C-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Eldred_v._Ashcroft" title="Eldred v. Ashcroft">Eldred v. Ashcroft</a></div> <p>From 1999 to 2002, Lessig represented a high-profile challenge to the <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Bono_Copyright_Term_Extension_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act">Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act</a>. Working with the <a href="/wiki/Berkman_Center_for_Internet_and_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkman Center for Internet and Society">Berkman Center for Internet and Society</a>, Lessig led the team representing the plaintiff in <i><a href="/wiki/Eldred_v._Ashcroft" title="Eldred v. Ashcroft">Eldred v. Ashcroft</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plaintiff in the case was joined by a group of publishers who frequently published work in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain_in_the_United_States" title="Public domain in the United States">public domain</a> and a large number of <i><a href="/wiki/Amicus_curiae" title="Amicus curiae">amici</a></i> including the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Law_Libraries" title="American Association of Law Libraries">American Association of Law Libraries</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_National_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of National Affairs">Bureau of National Affairs</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/College_Art_Association" title="College Art Association">College Art Association</a>. </p><p>In March 2003, Lessig acknowledged severe disappointment with his Supreme Court defeat in the Eldred copyright-extension case, where he unsuccessfully tried to convince Chief Justice William Rehnquist, who had sympathies for de-regulation, to back his "market-based" approach to intellectual property regulation.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2013, Lawrence Lessig brought suit against Liberation Music PTY Ltd., after Liberation issued a takedown notice of one of Lessig's lectures on YouTube that had used the song "<a href="/wiki/Lisztomania_(song)" title="Lisztomania (song)">Lisztomania</a>" by the band <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(band)" title="Phoenix (band)">Phoenix</a>, whom Liberation Music represents.<sup id="cite_ref-complaint_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-complaint-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig sought damages under section 512(f) of the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act" title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">Digital Millennium Copyright Act</a>, which holds parties liable for misrepresentations of infringement or removal of material.<sup id="cite_ref-dmca_512_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dmca_512-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig was represented by the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jones_Day" title="Jones Day">Jones Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-billboard_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billboard-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2014, the case ended with a settlement in which Liberation Music admitted wrongdoing in issuing the takedown notice, issued an apology, and paid a confidential sum in compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sydell2_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sydell2-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Killswitch"><i>Killswitch</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Killswitch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Killswitch_(film)" title="Killswitch (film)">Killswitch (film)</a></div> <p>In October 2014, <i>Killswitch</i>, a film featuring Lawrence Lessig, as well as <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Wu" title="Tim Wu">Tim Wu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a> received its World Premiere at the <a href="/wiki/Woodstock_Film_Festival" title="Woodstock Film Festival">Woodstock Film Festival</a>, where it won the award for Best Editing. In the film, Lessig frames the story of two young hacktivists, Swartz and Snowden, who symbolize the disruptive and dynamic nature of the Internet. The film reveals the emotional bond between Lessig and Swartz, and how it was Swartz (the mentee) who challenged Lessig (the mentor) to engage in the political activism that has led to Lessig's crusade for <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance reform in the United States">campaign finance reform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-metro_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metro-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ocreg_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocreg-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2015, <i>Killswitch</i> was invited to be screened at the Capitol Visitor's Center in Washington, D.C., by Congressman <a href="/wiki/Alan_Grayson" title="Alan Grayson">Alan Grayson</a>. The event was held on the eve of the Federal Communications Commission's historic decision on <a href="/wiki/Net_Neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Net Neutrality">Net Neutrality</a>. Lessig, Congressman Grayson, and <a href="/wiki/Free_Press_(advocacy_group)" title="Free Press (advocacy group)">Free Press</a> CEO Craig Aaron spoke about the importance of protecting net neutrality and the free and open Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-house1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Congressman Grayson states that Killswitch is "One of the most honest accounts of the battle to control the Internet -- and access to information itself."<sup id="cite_ref-house1_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Busack" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard von Busack">Richard von Busack</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Silicon_Valley" title="Metro Silicon Valley">Metro Silicon Valley</a>, writes of <i>Killswitch</i>, "Some of the most lapidary use of found footage this side of The Atomic Café".<sup id="cite_ref-metro_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metro-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fred Swegles of the <a href="/wiki/Orange_County_Register" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange County Register">Orange County Register</a>, remarks, "Anyone who values unfettered access to online information is apt to be captivated by <i>Killswitch</i>, a gripping and fast-paced documentary."<sup id="cite_ref-ocreg_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocreg-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kathy Gill of <a href="/wiki/GeekWire" title="GeekWire">GeekWire</a> asserts that "<i>Killswitch</i> is much more than a dry recitation of technical history. Director Ali Akbarzadeh, producer Jeff Horn, and writer Chris Dollar created a human centered story. A large part of that connection comes from Lessig and his relationship with Swartz."<sup id="cite_ref-geekwire.com_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geekwire.com-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Electors_Trust">The Electors Trust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Electors Trust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2016 Lawrence Lessig and <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Tribe" title="Laurence Tribe">Laurence Tribe</a> established <a href="/wiki/The_Electors_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="The Electors Trust">The Electors Trust</a> under the aegis of <a href="/wiki/Equal_Citizens" title="Equal Citizens">EqualCitizens.US</a> to provide <a href="/wiki/Pro_bono" title="Pro bono">pro bono</a> legal counsel as well as a secure communications platform for those of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_electors,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States presidential electors, 2016">538 members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">United States Electoral College</a> regarding a <a href="/wiki/Faithless_elector" title="Faithless elector">vote of conscience</a> against <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Electors_Trust_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Electors_Trust-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lessig hosts the podcast "Another Way" in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/The_Young_Turks" title="The Young Turks">The Young Turks</a> Network.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial_intelligence">Artificial intelligence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Artificial intelligence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lessig came out in favor of a "right to warn" proposed by former <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a> employees that would protect their right to warn the public of the <a href="/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">catastrophic risks of AI</a>. Lessig also agreed to work pro bono in defense of the whistleblowers.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2024, Lessig co-authored a letter alongside AI researchers <a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">Yoshua Bengio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stuart_J._Russell" title="Stuart J. Russell">Stuart Russell</a> in favor of <a href="/wiki/Safe_and_Secure_Innovation_for_Frontier_Artificial_Intelligence_Models_Act" title="Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act">SB 1047</a>, a California AI safety bill that would require companies training the most powerful models to perform risk assessments on their models before release. The letter argued that the bill would be a first step towards mitigating the severe risks posed by AI, and "the bare minimum for effective regulation of this technology". Lessig said that <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a>, the Governor of California, would have the opportunity to "cement California as a national first-mover in regulating AI."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Money-in-politics_activism">Money-in-politics activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Money-in-politics activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Abramoff_and_Lawrence_Lessig_at_%22In_the_Dock%22_2011_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Jack_Abramoff_and_Lawrence_Lessig_at_%22In_the_Dock%22_2011_%282%29.jpg/220px-Jack_Abramoff_and_Lawrence_Lessig_at_%22In_the_Dock%22_2011_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Jack_Abramoff_and_Lawrence_Lessig_at_%22In_the_Dock%22_2011_%282%29.jpg/330px-Jack_Abramoff_and_Lawrence_Lessig_at_%22In_the_Dock%22_2011_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Jack_Abramoff_and_Lawrence_Lessig_at_%22In_the_Dock%22_2011_%282%29.jpg/440px-Jack_Abramoff_and_Lawrence_Lessig_at_%22In_the_Dock%22_2011_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Former lobbyist <a href="/wiki/Jack_Abramoff" title="Jack Abramoff">Jack Abramoff</a> having a discussion with Lessig</figcaption></figure> <p>At the iCommons iSummit 07, Lessig announced that he would stop focusing his attention on copyright and related matters in order to work on <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">political corruption</a> instead, as the result of a transformative conversation with <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a>, a young internet prodigy whom Lessig met through his work with <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new work was partially facilitated through his <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a>, Lessig Wiki, through which he has encouraged the public to document cases of corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig criticized the <a href="/wiki/Revolving_door_(politics)" title="Revolving door (politics)">revolving-door</a> phenomenon in which legislators and staffers leave office to become <a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_the_United_States" title="Lobbying in the United States">lobbyists</a> and after having become beholden to special interests.<sup id="cite_ref-twsDecM9009_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twsDecM9009-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2008, a <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> group formed by law professor <a href="/wiki/John_Palfrey" title="John Palfrey">John Palfrey</a> encouraged Lessig to run for Congress from <a href="/wiki/California%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="California's 12th congressional district">California's 12th congressional district</a>, the seat vacated by the death of Representative <a href="/wiki/Tom_Lantos" title="Tom Lantos">Tom Lantos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that month, after forming an "exploratory project", he decided not to run for the vacant seat.<sup id="cite_ref-blog-notrunning_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blog-notrunning-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rootstrikers">Rootstrikers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Rootstrikers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rootstrikers" title="Rootstrikers">Rootstrikers</a></div> <p>Despite having decided to forgo running for Congress, Lessig remained interested in attempting to change Congress to reduce corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-blog-notrunning_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blog-notrunning-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this end, he worked with political consultant <a href="/wiki/Joe_Trippi" title="Joe Trippi">Joe Trippi</a> to launch a web based project called "<a href="/wiki/Change_Congress" title="Change Congress">Change Congress</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a press conference on March 20, 2008, Lessig explained that he hoped the Change Congress website would help provide technological tools voters could use to hold their representatives accountable and reduce the influence of money on politics.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is a board member of <a href="/wiki/MAPLight.org" class="mw-redirect" title="MAPLight.org">MAPLight.org</a>, a nonprofit research group illuminating the connection between money and politics. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Change_Congress" title="Change Congress">Change Congress</a> later became <i>Fix Congress First</i>, and was finally named <a href="/wiki/Rootstrikers" title="Rootstrikers">Rootstrikers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2011, Lessig announced that Rootstrikers would join forces with <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Ratigan" title="Dylan Ratigan">Dylan Ratigan</a>'s <i>Get Money Out</i> campaign, under the umbrella of the United Republic organization.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rootstrikers subsequently came under the aegis of <a href="/wiki/Demand_Progress" title="Demand Progress">Demand Progress</a>, an organization co-founded by Aaron Swartz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Article_V_convention">Article V convention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Article V convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lawrence_Lessig_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lawrence_Lessig_2.jpg/220px-Lawrence_Lessig_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lawrence_Lessig_2.jpg/330px-Lawrence_Lessig_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Lawrence_Lessig_2.jpg/440px-Lawrence_Lessig_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Lessig speaking before <a href="/wiki/Change_Congress" title="Change Congress">Change Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sunlight_Foundation" title="Sunlight Foundation">Sunlight Foundation</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Convention_to_propose_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution">Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution</a></div> <p>In 2010, Lessig began to organize for a national Article V convention.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He co-founded <i>Fix Congress First!</i> with <a href="/wiki/Joe_Trippi" title="Joe Trippi">Joe Trippi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a speech in 2011, Lessig revealed that he was disappointed with Obama's performance in office, criticizing it as a "betrayal", and he criticized the president for using "the (Hillary) Clinton playbook".<sup id="cite_ref-twsDecM4j8767s_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twsDecM4j8767s-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig has called for state governments to call for a national Article V convention,<sup id="cite_ref-twsDecM433s_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twsDecM433s-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including by supporting <a href="/wiki/Wolf-PAC" title="Wolf-PAC">Wolf-PAC</a>, a national organization attempting to call an Article V convention to address the problem.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The convention Lessig supports would be populated by a "random proportional selection of citizens" which he suggested would work effectively. He said "politics is a rare sport where the amateur is better than the professional."<sup id="cite_ref-twsDecM433s_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twsDecM433s-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He promoted this idea at a September 24–25, 2011, conference he co-chaired with the <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a>' national coordinator,<sup id="cite_ref-conconcon_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conconcon-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Lessig's October 5, 2011, book, <i><a href="/wiki/Republic,_Lost" title="Republic, Lost">Republic, Lost</a>: How Money Corrupts Congress—and a Plan to Stop It,</i><sup id="cite_ref-lessigbook_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lessigbook-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at the Occupy protest in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-occupydc_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-occupydc-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reporter <a href="/wiki/Dan_Froomkin" title="Dan Froomkin">Dan Froomkin</a> said the book offers a manifesto for the <a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a> protestors, focusing on the core problem of corruption in both political parties and their elections.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Article V convention does not dictate a solution, but Lessig would support a constitutional amendment that would allow legislatures to limit political contributions from non-citizens, including corporations, anonymous organizations, and foreign nationals and he also supports <a href="/wiki/Public_financing_of_campaigns" class="mw-redirect" title="Public financing of campaigns">public campaign financing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral college</a> reform to establish the <a href="/wiki/One_person,_one_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="One person, one vote">one person, one vote</a> principle.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Hampshire_Rebellion">New Hampshire Rebellion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: New Hampshire Rebellion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Open_Democracy" title="Coalition for Open Democracy">New Hampshire Rebellion</a> is a walk to raise awareness about corruption in politics.<sup id="cite_ref-atlantic-2014_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-2014-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event began in 2014 with a 185-mile march in New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its second year the walk expanded to include other locations in New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From January 11 to January 24, 2014, Lessig and many others, such as New York activist <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Kurzon" title="Jeff Kurzon">Jeff Kurzon</a>, marched from <a href="/wiki/Dixville_Notch,_New_Hampshire" title="Dixville Notch, New Hampshire">Dixville Notch, New Hampshire</a> to Nashua (a 185-mile march) to promote the idea of tackling "the systemic corruption in Washington".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Lessig chose this language over the related term "campaign finance reform", commenting that "Saying we need campaign finance reform is like referring to an alcoholic as someone who has a liquid intake problem."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The walk was to continue the work of New Hampshire native <a href="/wiki/Doris_Haddock" title="Doris Haddock">Doris "Granny D" Haddock</a>, and in honor of deceased activist <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-atlantic-2014_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-2014-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New Hampshire Rebellion marched 16 miles from Hampton to New Castle on the New Hampshire Seacoast.<sup id="cite_ref-vasseur_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vasseur-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial location also was chosen because of its important and visible role in the quadrennial "New Hampshire primaries", the traditional first primary of the presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-vasseur_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vasseur-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2016_presidential_candidacy">2016 presidential candidacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2016 presidential candidacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lawrence Lessig 2016 presidential campaign">Lawrence Lessig 2016 presidential campaign</a></div> <p>Lessig announced the launch of his long shot presidential campaign on September 6, 2015. On August 11, 2015, Lessig announced that he had launched an exploratory campaign for the purpose of exploring his prospects of winning the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016">nomination</a> for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-why_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-why-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-exploring_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exploring-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig pledged to seek the nomination if he raised one million dollars by <a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a> 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-exploring_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exploring-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The announcement was widely reported in national media outlets, and was timed to coincide with a media blitz by the Lessig 2016 Campaign. Lessig was interviewed in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a>. Campaign messages and Lessig's electoral finance reform positions were circulated widely on social media.<sup id="cite_ref-exploring_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exploring-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His campaign was focused on a single issue: <a href="/wiki/The_Citizen_Equality_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="The Citizen Equality Act">The Citizen Equality Act</a>, a proposal that couples <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance reform in the United States">campaign finance reform</a> with other laws aimed at curbing <a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering_in_the_United_States" title="Gerrymandering in the United States">gerrymandering</a> and ensuring <a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression_in_the_United_States" title="Voter suppression in the United States">voting access</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-exploring_92-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exploring-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an expression of his commitment to the proposal, Lessig initially promised to resign once the Citizen Equality Act became law and turn the presidency over to his vice president, who would then serve out the remainder of the term as a typical American president and act on a variety of issues. In October 2015, Lessig abandoned his automatic resignation plan and adopted a full policy platform for the presidency, although he did retain the passage of the Citizen Equality Act as his primary legislative objective.<sup id="cite_ref-exploring_92-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exploring-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lessig made a single campaign stop in Iowa, with an eye toward the first-in-the-nation precinct caucuses: at Dordt College, in Sioux Center, in late October. He announced the end of his campaign on November 2, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Graham_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_College_reform">Electoral College reform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Electoral College reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, Lessig announced a movement to challenge the <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality voting system">winner-take-all</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">Electoral College</a> vote allocation in the various states, called <i><a href="/wiki/Equal_Citizens#Equal_Votes" title="Equal Citizens">Equal Votes</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-to171005_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-to171005-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig was also a counsel for electors in the Supreme Court case <i><a href="/wiki/Chiafalo_v._Washington" title="Chiafalo v. Washington">Chiafalo v. Washington</a></i> where the court decided states could force electors to follow the popular vote for their state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amendment_Fourteen,_section_three"><span id="Amendment_Fourteen.2C_section_three"></span>Amendment Fourteen, section three</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Amendment Fourteen, section three"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2023, Lessig wrote an editorial in <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i> suggesting that the electoral college should be the body that decides whether <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> engaged in insurrection under the U.S. Constitution. He explained that it was better "that the college called into being for the sole purpose of selecting a president decide the matter than for sitting politicians or state officials."<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002, Lessig received the <a href="/wiki/Award_for_the_Advancement_of_Free_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Award for the Advancement of Free Software">Award for the Advancement of Free Software</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF).<sup id="cite_ref-Fsf.org_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fsf.org-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also received the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American 50 Award</a> for having "argued against interpretations of copyright that could stifle innovation and discourse online."<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, Lessig was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, Lessig was named to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fastcase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fastcase (page does not exist)">Fastcase 50</a>, "honoring the law's smartest, most courageous innovators, techies, visionaries, and leaders."<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig was awarded honorary doctorates by the Faculty of Social Sciences at <a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund University</a>, Sweden in 2013 and by the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_catholique_de_Louvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Université catholique de Louvain">Université catholique de Louvain</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig received the <a href="/wiki/2014_Webby_Awards" title="2014 Webby Awards">2014 Webby Lifetime Achievement</a> award for co-founding Creative Commons and defending net neutrality and the <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open software">free and open software</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2005, it was revealed that Lessig had experienced <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">sexual abuse</a> by the director at the <a href="/wiki/American_Boychoir_School" title="American Boychoir School">American Boychoir School</a>, which he had attended as an adolescent.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig reached a settlement with the school in the past, under confidential terms. He revealed his experiences in the course of representing another student victim, John Hardwicke, in court.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2006, he succeeded in persuading the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Supreme Court">New Jersey Supreme Court</a> to radically restrict the scope of immunity, which had protected nonprofits that failed to prevent sexual abuse from legal liability.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardwicke_v._American_Boychoir_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardwicke_v._American_Boychoir-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lessig is married to Bettina Neuefeind, a German-born Harvard University colleague. The two married in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and Neuefeind have three children: Willem, Coffy, and Tess.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defamation_lawsuit_against_The_New_York_Times">Defamation lawsuit against <i>The New York Times</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Defamation lawsuit against The New York Times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, during the criminal investigation of <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein" title="Jeffrey Epstein">Jeffrey Epstein</a>, it was discovered that the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Media_Lab" title="MIT Media Lab">MIT Media Lab</a>, under former director <a href="/wiki/Joichi_Ito" class="mw-redirect" title="Joichi Ito">Joichi Ito</a>, had accepted secret donations from Epstein after Epstein had been convicted on criminal charges. Ito eventually resigned as director of the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Media_Lab" title="MIT Media Lab">MIT Media Lab</a> following this discovery. After making supportive comments to Ito, Lessig wrote a <a href="/wiki/Medium_(website)" title="Medium (website)">Medium</a> post in September 2019 to explain his stance. In his post, Lessig acknowledged that universities should not take donations from convicted criminals such as Epstein who had become wealthy through actions unrelated to their criminal convictions; however, if such donations were to be accepted, it was better to take them secretly rather than publicly connect the university to the criminal.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig's essay drew criticism, and about a week later, <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bowles" title="Nellie Bowles">Nellie Bowles</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> had an interview with Lessig in which he reiterated his stance related to such donations broadly.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The article used the headline "A Harvard Professor Doubles Down: If You Take Epstein’s Money, Do It in Secret", which Lessig confirmed was based on a statement he had made to the <i>Times</i>. Lessig took issue with the headline overlooking his argument that MIT should not accept such donations in the first place and also criticized the first two lines of the article which read "It is hard to defend soliciting donations from the convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. But Lawrence Lessig, a Harvard Law professor, has been trying." He subsequently accused the <i>Times</i> of writing <a href="/wiki/Clickbait" title="Clickbait">clickbait</a> with the headline crafted to defame him, and stated that the circulation of the article on social media had hurt his reputation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In January 2020, Lessig filed a defamation lawsuit against the <i>Times</i>, including writer Bowles, business editor Ellen Pollock, and executive editor Dean Baquet. The <i>Times</i> stated they would "vigorously" defend against Lessig's claim, and believed that what they had published was accurate and had been reviewed by senior editors following Lessig's initial complaints.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2020, <i>The New York Times</i> changed its original headline to read: "What Are the Ethics of Taking Tainted Funds? A conversation with Lawrence Lessig about Jeffrey Epstein, M.I.T. and reputation laundering."<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig reported he subsequently withdrew his defamation lawsuit.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_cases">Notable cases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Golan_v._Gonzales" class="mw-redirect" title="Golan v. Gonzales">Golan v. Gonzales</a></i> (representing multiple plaintiffs)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eldred_v._Ashcroft" title="Eldred v. Ashcroft">Eldred v. Ashcroft</a></i> (representing plaintiff <a href="/wiki/Eric_Eldred" title="Eric Eldred">Eric Eldred</a>) Lost</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kahle_v._Gonzales" title="Kahle v. Gonzales">Kahle v. Ashcroft</a></i> (also see <a href="/wiki/Brewster_Kahle" title="Brewster Kahle">Brewster Kahle</a>) Dismissed</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="United States v. Microsoft">United States v. Microsoft</a></i> (special master and author of an amicus brief addressing the Sherman Act<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) <ul><li>Lessig was appointed <a href="/wiki/Special_master" title="Special master">special master</a> by Judge <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Penfield_Jackson" title="Thomas Penfield Jackson">Thomas Penfield Jackson</a> in 1997; the appointment was vacated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the appellate court ruled that the powers granted to Lessig exceeded the scope of the Federal statute providing for special masters; Judge Jackson then solicited Lessig's <a href="/wiki/Amicus_brief" class="mw-redirect" title="Amicus brief">amicus brief</a></li> <li>Lessig said about this appointment: "Did Justice Jackson pick me to be his special master because he had determined I was the perfect mix of <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Holmes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Felten" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Felten">Ed Felten</a>? No, I was picked because I was a Harvard Law Professor teaching the law of cyberspace. Remember: So is 'fame' made."<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DeCSS" title="DeCSS">MPAA v. 2600</a></i> (submitted an amicus brief with <a href="/wiki/Yochai_Benkler" title="Yochai Benkler">Yochai Benkler</a> in support of 2600<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McCutcheon_v._FEC" title="McCutcheon v. FEC">McCutcheon v. FEC</a></i> (submitted an amicus brief in support of FEC)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chiafalo_v._Washington" title="Chiafalo v. Washington">Chiafalo v. Washington</a></i> (representing Chiafalo)<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By Lawrence Lessig</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Lawrence+Lessig">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Lawrence+Lessig&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_and_Other_Laws_of_Cyberspace" title="Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace">Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace</a></i> (Basic Books, 1999) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-03913-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-03913-5">978-0-465-03913-5</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_of_Ideas" title="The Future of Ideas">The Future of Ideas</a></i> (Vintage Books, 2001) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50578-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50578-2">978-0-375-50578-2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_Culture_(book)" title="Free Culture (book)">Free Culture</a></i> (Penguin, 2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-006-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-006-9">978-1-59420-006-9</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code:_Version_2.0" title="Code: Version 2.0">Code: Version 2.0</a></i> (Basic Books, 2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-03914-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-03914-2">978-0-465-03914-2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Remix_(book)" title="Remix (book)">Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy</a></i> (Penguin, 2008) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-172-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-172-1">978-1-59420-172-1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Republic,_Lost" title="Republic, Lost">Republic, Lost</a>: How Money Corrupts Congress—and a Plan to Stop It</i> (Twelve, 2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-446-57643-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-446-57643-7">978-0-446-57643-7</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Way_Forward" title="One Way Forward"> One Way Forward: The Outsider's Guide to Fixing the Republic</a></i> (Kindle Single/Amazon, 2012)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160528203728/http://lesterland.lessig.org/">Lesterland: The Corruption of Congress and How to End It</a></i> (2013, <a href="/wiki/CC_BY-NC" class="mw-redirect" title="CC BY-NC">CC BY-NC</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-937382-34-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-937382-34-6">978-1-937382-34-6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Republic,_Lost" title="Republic, Lost">Republic, Lost</a>: The Corruption of Equality and the Steps to End It</i> (Twelve, rev. ed., 2015) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4555-3701-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4555-3701-3">978-1-4555-3701-3</a></li> <li><i>America, Compromised</i> (University of Chicago Press, 2018) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31653-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31653-6">978-0-226-31653-6</a></li> <li><i>Fidelity & Constraint: How the Supreme Court Has Read the American Constitution</i> (Oxford University Press, 2019) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190945664" title="Special:BookSources/9780190945664">9780190945664</a></li> <li><i>They Don't Represent Us: Reclaiming Our Democracy</i> (Dey Street/William Morrow, 2019) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0062945716" title="Special:BookSources/978-0062945716">978-0062945716</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Steal_a_Presidential_Election" title="How to Steal a Presidential Election">How to Steal a Presidential Election</a></i> (Yale University Press, 2024) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300270792" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300270792">978-0300270792</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/RiP!:_A_Remix_Manifesto" title="RiP!: A Remix Manifesto">RiP!: A Remix Manifesto</a></i>, a 2008 documentary film</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internet%27s_Own_Boy" title="The Internet's Own Boy">The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz</a></i>, 2014 documentary film</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Killswitch_(film)" title="Killswitch (film)">Killswitch</a></i>, 2015 documentary film<sup id="cite_ref-geekwire.com_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geekwire.com-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Swamp_(documentary)" title="The Swamp (documentary)">The Swamp</a></i>, 2020 documentary film</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meeting_Snowden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meeting Snowden (page does not exist)">Meeting Snowden</a></i>, a 2017 documentary film where Lessig goes to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> to meet <a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Dotcom:_The_Most_Wanted_Man_Online_(documentary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Dotcom: The Most Wanted Man Online (documentary) (page does not exist)">Kim Dotcom: The Most Wanted Man Online</a></i>, 2021 documentary film</li> <li>Additionally, Lessig himself was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lloyd" title="Christopher Lloyd">Christopher Lloyd</a> in season 6 of political drama <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Wing_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The West Wing (TV series)">The West Wing</a></i> in the episode "The Wake Up Call."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_clerks_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_(Seat_9)" title="List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 9)">List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 9)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">Free content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeCulture.org" class="mw-redirect" title="FreeCulture.org">FreeCulture.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">Open educational resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre">Gratis versus libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">Open content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Horse" title="Law of the Horse">Law of the Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_the_United_States#Methodological_problems" title="Lobbying in the United States">Lobbying in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Constitutional_Convention_of_the_United_States" title="Second Constitutional Convention of the United States">Second Constitutional Convention of the United States</a> proposal for constitutional reform</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10519/Lessig/">"Harvard Law School Faculty Lawrence Lessig"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906133854/http://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10519/Lessig">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harvard+Law+School+Faculty+Lawrence+Lessig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhls.harvard.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fdirectory%2F10519%2FLessig%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sungazette.com/obituaries/2020/05/lester-l-jack-lessig-jr/">"Lester L. 'Jack' Lessig Jr. News, Sports, Jobs - Williamsport Sun-Gazette"</a>. <i>Williamsport Sun-Gazette</i>. May 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Williamsport+Sun-Gazette&rft.atitle=Lester+L.+%E2%80%98Jack%E2%80%99+Lessig+Jr.+News%2C+Sports%2C+Jobs+-+Williamsport+Sun-Gazette&rft.date=2020-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sungazette.com%2Fobituaries%2F2020%2F05%2Flester-l-jack-lessig-jr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/10.10/lessig_pr.html">"Wired 10.10: Lawrence Lessig's Supreme Showdown"</a>. <i>wired.com</i>. October 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025135138/http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/10.10/lessig_pr.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=wired.com&rft.atitle=Wired+10.10%3A+Lawrence+Lessig%27s+Supreme+Showdown&rft.date=2002-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.wired.com%2Fwired%2Farchive%2F10.10%2Flessig_pr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2003" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Steve (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne2003unse"><i>Lessig, Lawrence</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412950657">10.4135/9781412950657</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761923824" title="Special:BookSources/9780761923824"><bdi>9780761923824</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lessig%2C+Lawrence&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412950657&rft.isbn=9780761923824&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofne2003unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sungazette.com/obituaries/2019/05/patricia-west-lessig-pat/">"Patricia West Lessig 'Pat'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190725104501/http://www.sungazette.com/obituaries/2019/05/patricia-west-lessig-pat/">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patricia+West+Lessig+%27Pat%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sungazette.com%2Fobituaries%2F2019%2F05%2Fpatricia-west-lessig-pat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-resume-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-resume_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-resume_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence" class="citation web cs1">Lawrence, Lessig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707013742/http://www.lessig.org/info/resume/">"Curriculum Vitae"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lessig.org/info/resume/">the original</a> on July 7, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curriculum+Vitae&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Lessig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lessig.org%2Finfo%2Fresume%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/951207/georgia.shtml">"Center helps Eastern European countries shape constitutions"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090612/http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/951207/georgia.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Center+helps+Eastern+European+countries+shape+constitutions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.uchicago.edu%2F951207%2Fgeorgia.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-short-bio-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-short-bio_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence" class="citation web cs1">Lawrence, Lessig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722035945/http://www.lessig.org/info/bio/">"Short Biography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lessig.org/info/bio//">the original</a> on July 22, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Short+Biography&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Lessig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lessig.org%2Finfo%2Fbio%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hl-news-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hl-news_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091010122412/http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2008/12/12_lessig.html">"Lawrence Lessig named professor of law at HLS, director of Harvard's Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics"</a>. <i>Harvard Law School</i>. December 12, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2008/12/12_lessig.html">the original</a> on October 10, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Law+School&rft.atitle=Lawrence+Lessig+named+professor+of+law+at+HLS%2C+director+of+Harvard%27s+Edmond+J.+Safra+Center+for+Ethics&rft.date=2008-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.harvard.edu%2Fnews%2F2008%2F12%2F12_lessig.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HAw1i4gOU4">Lessig on "Aaron's Laws – Law and Justice in a Digital Age"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130324010436/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HAw1i4gOU4">Archived</a> March 24, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. YouTube (2013-02-20). Retrieved on 2013-09-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://harvardcrcl.org/2013/02/19/a-summary-of-laurence-lessigs-chair-lecture-at-harvard-law-school/">Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review – A summary of Lawrence Lessig's Chair Lecture at Harvard Law School</a>. Harvardcrcl.org. Retrieved on 2013-09-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116180047/http://harvardcrcl.org/2013/02/19/a-summary-of-laurence-lessigs-chair-lecture-at-harvard-law-school/">Archived</a> January 16, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lessig, Lawrence. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122367645363324303">In Defense of Piracy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624083030/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122367645363324303">Archived</a> June 24, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. October 11, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Lawrence+Lessig&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DLawrence%2BLessig%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twsNovQ11-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-twsNovQ11_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlesh_Houdek2011" class="citation news cs1">Alesh Houdek (November 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/11/has-a-harvard-professor-mapped-out-the-next-step-for-occupy-wall-street/247561/">"Has a Harvard Professor Mapped Out the Next Step for Occupy Wall Street?"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117151718/http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/11/has-a-harvard-professor-mapped-out-the-next-step-for-occupy-wall-street/247561/">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2011</span>. <q>Lawrence Lessig's call for state-based activism on behalf of a Constitutional Convention could provide the uprooted movement with a political project for winter</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Has+a+Harvard+Professor+Mapped+Out+the+Next+Step+for+Occupy+Wall+Street%3F&rft.date=2011-11-16&rft.au=Alesh+Houdek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2011%2F11%2Fhas-a-harvard-professor-mapped-out-the-next-step-for-occupy-wall-street%2F247561%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Naureen Khan, May 2, 2014, Al Jazeera, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/5/2/a-super-pac-to-endallsuperpacs.html">May Day PAC wants to end all Super PACs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140507023754/http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/5/2/a-super-pac-to-endallsuperpacs.html">Archived</a> May 7, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Accessed May 7, 2014, "kick-start May Day PAC, which, if successful, will help elect enough like-minded lawmakers to Congress in 2014 and 2016 to pass campaign finance reform ... 'Yes, we want to spend big money to end the influence of big money,' Lessig said"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maplight. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maplight.org/board">"Board Members"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310105255/http://maplight.org/board">Archived</a> March 10, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at MapLight.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/news/penn-alum-lawrence-lessig-speak-national-constitution-center-democracy-caf/">Penn Alum Lawrence Lessig to Speak at National Constitution Center for Democracy Café</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140505124028/http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/news/penn-alum-lawrence-lessig-speak-national-constitution-center-democracy-caf">Archived</a> May 5, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Penn News, March 14, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sunlightfoundation.com/board_of_directors/">Board and Advisory Board</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101016012604/http://sunlightfoundation.com/board_of_directors/">Archived</a> October 16, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Sunlight Foundation, February 14, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085950/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/harvard-professor-hits-dollar1m-benchmark-for-white-house-bid/ar-AAe0WvJ?ocid=ansmsnnews11">"Harvard professor hits M benchmark for White House bid"</a>. <i>msn.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/harvard-professor-hits-dollar1m-benchmark-for-white-house-bid/ar-AAe0WvJ?ocid=ansmsnnews11">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=msn.com&rft.atitle=Harvard+professor+hits+M+benchmark+for+White+House+bid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fharvard-professor-hits-dollar1m-benchmark-for-white-house-bid%2Far-AAe0WvJ%3Focid%3Dansmsnnews11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-why-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-why_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-why_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForan,_Clare2015" class="citation web cs1">Foran, Clare (August 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationaljournal.com/2016-elections/lawrence-lessig-running-for-president-20150811">"Why Exactly Is Lawrence Lessig Considering Running for President?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150813221120/http://www.nationaljournal.com/2016-elections/lawrence-lessig-running-for-president-20150811">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Journal&rft.atitle=Why+Exactly+Is+Lawrence+Lessig+Considering+Running+for+President%3F&rft.date=2015-08-11&rft.au=Foran%2C+Clare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaljournal.com%2F2016-elections%2Flawrence-lessig-running-for-president-20150811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2015" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Hayley (September 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/harvard-professor-larry-lessig-running-president/story?id=33568066">"Harvard Professor Larry Lessig Says He's Running for President"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907091045/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/harvard-professor-larry-lessig-running-president/story?id=33568066">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Harvard+Professor+Larry+Lessig+Says+He%27s+Running+for+President&rft.date=2015-09-06&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Hayley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fharvard-professor-larry-lessig-running-president%2Fstory%3Fid%3D33568066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marans-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marans_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarans2015" class="citation news cs1">Marans, Daniel (October 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/lawrence-lessig-totally-stupid-resign-presidency_5622acdde4b02f6a900c9bad">"Lawrence Lessig Withdraws 'Totally Stupid' Plan To Resign Presidency"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102054443/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/lawrence-lessig-totally-stupid-resign-presidency_5622acdde4b02f6a900c9bad">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Lawrence+Lessig+Withdraws+%27Totally+Stupid%27+Plan+To+Resign+Presidency&rft.date=2015-10-17&rft.aulast=Marans&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Flawrence-lessig-totally-stupid-resign-presidency_5622acdde4b02f6a900c9bad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graham-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Graham_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Graham_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2015" class="citation web cs1">Graham, David (November 2, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/11/2016-election/384828/">"The 2016 U.S. Presidential Race: A Cheat Sheet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151212210132/http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/11/2016-election/384828/">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+2016+U.S.+Presidential+Race%3A+A+Cheat+Sheet&rft.date=2015-11-02&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2015%2F11%2F2016-election%2F384828%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessig2016.us2015" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Lessig2016.us (November 2, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4IsqmMqCEo"><i>The Democrats have changed the rules</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/u4IsqmMqCEo">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Democrats+have+changed+the+rules&rft.date=2015-11-02&rft.au=Lessig2016.us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Du4IsqmMqCEo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_AV_media" title="Template:Cite AV media">cite AV media</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ymcapa.org/">"YMCA Youth and Government Pennsylvania (PA State YMCA)"</a>. Ymcapa.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20081022072323/http%3A//www.ymcapa.org/YouthAndGovernment.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YMCA+Youth+and+Government+Pennsylvania+%28PA+State+YMCA%29&rft.pub=Ymcapa.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ymcapa.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lessig.medium.com/cuba-2024-e7a1f0ad350f">"Cuba, 2024. I traveled to Cuba for the first time… by Lessig Medium"</a>. Medium<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cuba%2C+2024.+I+traveled+to+Cuba+for+the+first+time%E2%80%A6+by+Lessig+Medium&rft.pub=Medium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flessig.medium.com%2Fcuba-2024-e7a1f0ad350f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abovethelaw.com/2010/09/supreme-court-clerk-hiring-how-political-is-it/">"Supreme Court Clerk Hiring: Is It Becoming More Political?"</a>. <i>Above the Law</i>. September 7, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160309081226/http://abovethelaw.com/2010/09/supreme-court-clerk-hiring-how-political-is-it/">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Above+the+Law&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+Clerk+Hiring%3A+Is+It+Becoming+More+Political%3F&rft.date=2010-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabovethelaw.com%2F2010%2F09%2Fsupreme-court-clerk-hiring-how-political-is-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Levy2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Steven Levy (October 1, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/10.10/lessig_pr.html">"Lawrence Lessig's Supreme Showdown"</a>. <i>WIRED</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025135138/http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/10.10/lessig_pr.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WIRED&rft.atitle=Lawrence+Lessig%27s+Supreme+Showdown&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.au=Steven+Levy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.wired.com%2Fwired%2Farchive%2F10.10%2Flessig_pr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessig2008" class="citation web cs1">Lessig, Lawrence (October 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110521070933/http://lessig.org/blog/2008/10/mccainpalin_to_youtube_get_rea.html">"McCain/Palin to YouTube: Get real (Lessig Blog)"</a>. Lessig.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lessig.org/blog/2008/10/mccainpalin_to_youtube_get_rea.html">the original</a> on May 21, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=McCain%2FPalin+to+YouTube%3A+Get+real+%28Lessig+Blog%29&rft.pub=Lessig.org&rft.date=2008-10-13&rft.aulast=Lessig&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flessig.org%2Fblog%2F2008%2F10%2Fmccainpalin_to_youtube_get_rea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306042950/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2004_fall/lessig.htm">"Remix Is a Cultural Right, Lessig Says"</a>. law.virginia.edu. November 18, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2004_fall/lessig.htm">the original</a> on March 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remix+Is+a+Cultural+Right%2C+Lessig+Says&rft.pub=law.virginia.edu&rft.date=2004-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.virginia.edu%2Fhtml%2Fnews%2F2004_fall%2Flessig.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://remix.lessig.org/remix.php">Remix</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190815203312/http://remix.lessig.org/remix.php">Archived</a> August 15, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on lessig.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/47089238/Remix">Remix</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402060619/https://www.scribd.com/doc/47089238/Remix">Archived</a> April 2, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on <a href="/wiki/Scribd.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Scribd.com">scribd.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessig2012" class="citation book cs1">Lessig, Lawrence (2012). "REMIX: How Creativity is Being Strangled by the Law". <i>The social media reader</i>. Mandiberg, Michael. New York: New York University Press. pp. 155–169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814764077" title="Special:BookSources/9780814764077"><bdi>9780814764077</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/778455386">778455386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=REMIX%3A+How+Creativity+is+Being+Strangled+by+the+Law&rft.btitle=The+social+media+reader&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=155-169&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F778455386&rft.isbn=9780814764077&rft.aulast=Lessig&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fsf.org-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fsf.org_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fsf.org_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fsf.org/about/leadership.html">"Leadership – Free Software Foundation"</a>. Fsf.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050411075029/http://www.fsf.org/about/leadership.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leadership+%E2%80%93+Free+Software+Foundation&rft.pub=Fsf.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsf.org%2Fabout%2Fleadership.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://randomfoo.net/oscon/2002/lessig/">"free_culture"</a>. Randomfoo.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021206035846/http://randomfoo.net/oscon/2002/lessig/">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=free_culture&rft.pub=Randomfoo.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frandomfoo.net%2Foscon%2F2002%2Flessig%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/spectrum/">"Spectrum Policy: Property or Commons?"</a>. Cyberlaw.stanford.edu. March 2, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927170333/http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/spectrum/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spectrum+Policy%3A+Property+or+Commons%3F&rft.pub=Cyberlaw.stanford.edu&rft.date=2003-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyberlaw.stanford.edu%2Fspectrum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://randomfoo.net/oscon/2002/lessig/">"free_culture"</a>. <i>randomfoo.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021206035846/http://randomfoo.net/oscon/2002/lessig/">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2003</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=randomfoo.net&rft.atitle=free_culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frandomfoo.net%2Foscon%2F2002%2Flessig%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span> Lessig discusses software patents from time 17:38 to 20:38 of the audio recording</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134245/http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=%2Fwww%2Fstory%2F03-14-2006%2F0004319554&EDATE=">"Digital Universe Adds Leading Internet Expert Lawrence Lessig to Board of Advisors"</a>. California: Prnewswire.com. March 13, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/03-14-2006/0004319554&EDATE=">the original</a> on September 29, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digital+Universe+Adds+Leading+Internet+Expert+Lawrence+Lessig+to+Board+of+Advisors&rft.place=California&rft.pub=Prnewswire.com&rft.date=2006-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fstories.pl%3FACCT%3D104%26STORY%3D%2Fwww%2Fstory%2F03-14-2006%2F0004319554%26EDATE%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/hmdmhdfmhdjmzdtjmzdtzktdkztdjz/commons">"commons"</a>. 2011. google video docid=7661663613180520595. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140308193838/https://sites.google.com/site/hmdmhdfmhdjmzdtjmzdtzktdkztdjz/commons">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=commons&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Fhmdmhdfmhdjmzdtjmzdtzktdkztdjz%2Fcommons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Lawrence Lessig (January 8, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/215454/january-08-2009/lawrence-lessig"><i>Colbert Nation</i></a>. Comedy Central. Event occurs at 2:16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colbert+Nation&rft.pub=Comedy+Central&rft.date=2009-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colbertnation.com%2Fthe-colbert-report-videos%2F215454%2Fjanuary-08-2009%2Flawrence-lessig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freesouls.cc/essays/00-foreword-lawrence-lessig.html">"Freesouls - Foreword by Lawrence Lessig"</a>. <i>freesouls.cc</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120826033650/http://freesouls.cc/essays/00-foreword-lawrence-lessig.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freesouls.cc&rft.atitle=Freesouls+-+Foreword+by+Lawrence+Lessig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreesouls.cc%2Fessays%2F00-foreword-lawrence-lessig.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CBC NEWS. Google accused of turning its back on net neutrality. December 15, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drew Clark. Software Freedom Fighters. <i>The National Journal</i> 33(30), July 28, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elinor Mills. Domain games: Internet leaves the U.S. nest. <i>InfoWorld Daily News</i>. October 13, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSPAN_A-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CSPAN_A_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBIj9k6Fc80">"Q&A: Lawrence Lessig"</a>. <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>. November 21, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420224046/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBIj9k6Fc80">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Q%26A%3A+Lawrence+Lessig&rft.pub=C-SPAN&rft.date=2011-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DsBIj9k6Fc80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TED_B-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TED_B_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q25-S7jzgs">"Larry Lessig: Laws that choke creativity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED talks</a>. November 15, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130320010325/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q25-S7jzgs">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Larry+Lessig%3A+Laws+that+choke+creativity&rft.pub=TED+talks&rft.date=2007-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D7Q25-S7jzgs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TEDx_C-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TEDx_C_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhTUzNKpfio">"TEDxNYED – Lawrence Lessig"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TEDx talks</a>. March 6, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727022037/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhTUzNKpfio">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TEDxNYED+%E2%80%93+Lawrence+Lessig&rft.pub=TEDx+talks&rft.date=2010-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DFhTUzNKpfio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2002/10/lessig-3/">"Lawrence Lessig's Supreme Showdown"</a>. <i>WIRED</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025135138/http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/10.10/lessig_pr.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WIRED&rft.atitle=Lawrence+Lessig%27s+Supreme+Showdown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2002%2F10%2Flessig-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lessig Backs Away From Copy Fights In Courts, Congress. Washington Internet Daily 4 (42). March 4, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-complaint-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-complaint_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/document/lessig-v-liberation-music-complaint">"Lessig v. Liberatino Music – Complaint"</a>. <i>Electronic Frontier Foundation website</i>. United States District Court. August 22, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408081602/https://www.eff.org/document/lessig-v-liberation-music-complaint">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Frontier+Foundation+website&rft.atitle=Lessig+v.+Liberatino+Music+%E2%80%93+Complaint&rft.date=2013-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eff.org%2Fdocument%2Flessig-v-liberation-music-complaint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_Sydell2013" class="citation news cs1">Laura Sydell (September 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/09/27/226834651/record-label-picks-a-fight-over-copyright-with-the-wrong-guy">"Record Label Picks Copyright Fight—With The Wrong Guy"</a>. <i>npr.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927225057/http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/09/27/226834651/record-label-picks-a-fight-over-copyright-with-the-wrong-guy">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=npr.org&rft.atitle=Record+Label+Picks+Copyright+Fight%E2%80%94With+The+Wrong+Guy&rft.date=2013-09-27&rft.au=Laura+Sydell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fblogs%2Falltechconsidered%2F2013%2F09%2F27%2F226834651%2Frecord-label-picks-a-fight-over-copyright-with-the-wrong-guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dmca_512-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dmca_512_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/512">"17 U.S. Code § 512 – Limitations on liability relating to material online"</a>. <i>Legal Information Institute</i>. Cornell University Law School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225221912/http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/512">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=17+U.S.+Code+%C2%A7+512+%E2%80%93+Limitations+on+liability+relating+to+material+online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F17%2F512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-billboard-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-billboard_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandle,_Lars2014" class="citation web cs1">Brandle, Lars (February 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/legal-and-management/5922856/liberation-resolves-copyright-issue-with-lawrence">"Liberation Resolves Copyright Issue with Lawrence Lessig, Admit 'Mistakes' Were Made"</a>. <i>Billboardbiz</i>. Billboard.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304032627/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/legal-and-management/5922856/liberation-resolves-copyright-issue-with-lawrence">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Billboardbiz&rft.atitle=Liberation+Resolves+Copyright+Issue+with+Lawrence+Lessig%2C+Admit+%27Mistakes%27+Were+Made&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft.au=Brandle%2C+Lars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fbiz%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Flegal-and-management%2F5922856%2Fliberation-resolves-copyright-issue-with-lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techlaw.pl/lawrence-lessig-youtube-liberation-music/">"Twórca Creative Commons wygrał sprawę o bezprawne skasowanie filmu z YouTube'a"</a>. Techlaw.pl. February 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103024342/http://techlaw.pl/lawrence-lessig-youtube-liberation-music/">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tw%C3%B3rca+Creative+Commons+wygra%C5%82+spraw%C4%99+o+bezprawne+skasowanie+filmu+z+YouTube%27a&rft.pub=Techlaw.pl&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechlaw.pl%2Flawrence-lessig-youtube-liberation-music%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sydell2-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sydell2_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSydell,_Laura2014" class="citation web cs1">Sydell, Laura (February 27, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/02/27/283554774/a-win-for-fair-use-after-a-record-label-picked-wrong-guy-to-sue">"A Win For Fair use After Record Label, Copyright Lawyer Settle"</a>. <i>All Tech Considered</i>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228132743/http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/02/27/283554774/a-win-for-fair-use-after-a-record-label-picked-wrong-guy-to-sue">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+Tech+Considered&rft.atitle=A+Win+For+Fair+use+After+Record+Label%2C+Copyright+Lawyer+Settle&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft.au=Sydell%2C+Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fblogs%2Falltechconsidered%2F2014%2F02%2F27%2F283554774%2Fa-win-for-fair-use-after-a-record-label-picked-wrong-guy-to-sue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metro-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-metro_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-metro_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Busack2014" class="citation news cs1">von Busack, Richard (February 25, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metroactive.com/features/cinequest-2015/Killswitch-Edward-Snowden.html">"Breaking the Internet: Killswitch Screens at Cinequest"</a>. <i>Metro Silicon Valley</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190916122214/http://www.metroactive.com/features/cinequest-2015/Killswitch-Edward-Snowden.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metro+Silicon+Valley&rft.atitle=Breaking+the+Internet%3A+Killswitch+Screens+at+Cinequest&rft.date=2014-02-25&rft.aulast=von+Busack&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metroactive.com%2Ffeatures%2Fcinequest-2015%2FKillswitch-Edward-Snowden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ocreg-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ocreg_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ocreg_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwegles2015" class="citation news cs1">Swegles, Fred (April 14, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocregister.com/articles/film-657978-internet-big.html/">"Battle for Internet Control Fuels O.C. -produced Movie"</a>. <i>Orange County Register</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404084902/http://www.ocregister.com/articles/film-657978-internet-big.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orange+County+Register&rft.atitle=Battle+for+Internet+Control+Fuels+O.C.+-produced+Movie&rft.date=2015-04-14&rft.aulast=Swegles&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocregister.com%2Farticles%2Ffilm-657978-internet-big.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-house1-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-house1_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-house1_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrayson" class="citation news cs1">Grayson, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150227162553/http://grayson.house.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/330-grayson-screens-award-winning-killswitch-documentary">"Grayson Screen Award Winning "Killswitch" Documentary"</a>. Congressman Grayson's House of Rep Official Web Page. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grayson.house.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/330-grayson-screens-award-winning-killswitch-documentary">the original</a> on February 27, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Grayson+Screen+Award+Winning+%22Killswitch%22+Documentary&rft.aulast=Grayson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrayson.house.gov%2Findex.php%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2F330-grayson-screens-award-winning-killswitch-documentary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/rep-alan-grayson/aaron-swartz-killswitch_b_6957576.html">"The Price That You Pay for Rocking The Boat"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150328190515/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rep-alan-grayson/aaron-swartz-killswitch_b_6957576.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Price+That+You+Pay+for+Rocking+The+Boat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Frep-alan-grayson%2Faaron-swartz-killswitch_b_6957576.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geekwire.com-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-geekwire.com_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geekwire.com_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGill" class="citation news cs1">Gill, Kathy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geekwire.com/2015/lawrence-lessig-seattle-money-politics-battle-internet/">"Lawrence Lessig at 'Killswitch' Seattle Premiere: Money, Politics, and the Battle for the Internet"</a>. GeekWire. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150606032216/http://www.geekwire.com/2015/lawrence-lessig-seattle-money-politics-battle-internet/">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lawrence+Lessig+at+%27Killswitch%27+Seattle+Premiere%3A+Money%2C+Politics%2C+and+the+Battle+for+the+Internet&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geekwire.com%2F2015%2Flawrence-lessig-seattle-money-politics-battle-internet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Electors_Trust-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Electors_Trust_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheney2016" class="citation web cs1">Cheney, Kyle (December 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/larry-lessig-electors-trump-232231">"Lessig, lawyers to offer support to anti-Trump electors"</a>. <i>Politico</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220090025/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/larry-lessig-electors-trump-232231">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Lessig%2C+lawyers+to+offer+support+to+anti-Trump+electors&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.aulast=Cheney&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2016%2F12%2Flarry-lessig-electors-trump-232231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tyt.com/shows/another-way">"Another Way by Lawrence Lessig - TYT.com"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808064744/https://tyt.com/shows/another-way">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Another+Way+by+Lawrence+Lessig+-+TYT.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftyt.com%2Fshows%2Fanother-way&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessig2024" class="citation web cs1">Lessig, Lawrence (June 6, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/06/opinions/artificial-intelligence-risks-chat-gpt-lessig/index.html">"Opinion: The risks of AI could be catastrophic. We should empower company workers to warn us"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+The+risks+of+AI+could+be+catastrophic.+We+should+empower+company+workers+to+warn+us&rft.date=2024-06-06&rft.aulast=Lessig&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2024%2F06%2F06%2Fopinions%2Fartificial-intelligence-risks-chat-gpt-lessig%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel2024" class="citation web cs1">Samuel, Sigal (June 5, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/353933/openai-open-letter-safety-whistleblowers-right-to-warn">"OpenAI insiders are demanding a "right to warn" the public"</a>. <i>Vox</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=OpenAI+insiders+are+demanding+a+%22right+to+warn%22+the+public&rft.date=2024-06-05&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Sigal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Ffuture-perfect%2F353933%2Fopenai-open-letter-safety-whistleblowers-right-to-warn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPillayBooth2024" class="citation web cs1">Pillay, Tharin; Booth, Harry (August 7, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/7008947/california-ai-bill-letter/">"Exclusive: Renowned Experts Pen Support for California's Landmark AI Safety Bill"</a>. <i>TIME</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Renowned+Experts+Pen+Support+for+California%E2%80%99s+Landmark+AI+Safety+Bill&rft.date=2024-08-07&rft.aulast=Pillay&rft.aufirst=Tharin&rft.au=Booth%2C+Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F7008947%2Fcalifornia-ai-bill-letter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedrum.com/news/2024/08/14/california-s-ai-bill-headed-sparking-fierce-debate-silicon-valley">"California's AI bill is sparking fierce debate in Silicon Valley"</a>. <i>The Drum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Drum&rft.atitle=California%E2%80%99s+AI+bill+is+sparking+fierce+debate+in+Silicon+Valley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedrum.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F08%2F14%2Fcalifornia-s-ai-bill-headed-sparking-fierce-debate-silicon-valley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessig2007" class="citation web cs1">Lessig, Lawrence (June 19, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110116071137/http://lessig.org/blog/2007/06/required_reading_the_next_10_y_1.html">"Required Reading: the next 10 years (Lessig Blog)"</a>. Lessig.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lessig.org/blog/2007/06/required_reading_the_next_10_y_1.html">the original</a> on January 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Required+Reading%3A+the+next+10+years+%28Lessig+Blog%29&rft.pub=Lessig.org&rft.date=2007-06-19&rft.aulast=Lessig&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flessig.org%2Fblog%2F2007%2F06%2Frequired_reading_the_next_10_y_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015180516/http://lessig.org/blog/2007/06/just_because_im_not_working_do.html">"Lessig's blog July 29, 2007 11:55pm"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lessig.org/blog/2007/06/just_because_im_not_working_do.html">the original</a> on October 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lessig%27s+blog+July+29%2C+2007+11%3A55pm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flessig.org%2Fblog%2F2007%2F06%2Fjust_because_im_not_working_do.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twsDecM9009-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-twsDecM9009_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence_Lessig2010" class="citation news cs1">Lawrence Lessig (February 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-to-get-our-democracy-back/">"How to Get Our Democracy Back"</a>. CBS News, The Nation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927135033/http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-215_162-6186201.html?pageNum=2">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+to+Get+Our+Democracy+Back&rft.date=2010-02-08&rft.au=Lawrence+Lessig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fhow-to-get-our-democracy-back%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://draftlessig.org/">"Draft Lessig – Change Congress"</a>. Draftlessig.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080219163253/http://draftlessig.org/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Draft+Lessig+%E2%80%93+Change+Congress&rft.pub=Draftlessig.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdraftlessig.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blog-notrunning-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blog-notrunning_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blog-notrunning_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessig2008" class="citation web cs1">Lessig, Lawrence (February 25, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110116042748/http://lessig.org/blog/2008/02/on_why_i_am_not_running.html">"On why I am not running (Lessig Blog)"</a>. Lessig.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lessig.org/blog/2008/02/on_why_i_am_not_running.html">the original</a> on January 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+why+I+am+not+running+%28Lessig+Blog%29&rft.pub=Lessig.org&rft.date=2008-02-25&rft.aulast=Lessig&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lessig.org%2Fblog%2F2008%2F02%2Fon_why_i_am_not_running.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Lai_Stirland2008" class="citation news cs1">Sarah Lai Stirland (March 20, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/03/stanford-law-pr.html">"Stanford Law Professor Larry Lessig Bets 'Wikipedia' Approach Will Transform Congress | Threat Level from Wired.com"</a>. Blog.wired.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080322185238/http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/03/stanford-law-pr.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Stanford+Law+Professor+Larry+Lessig+Bets+%27Wikipedia%27+Approach+Will+Transform+Congress+%26%23124%3B+Threat+Level+from+Wired.com&rft.date=2008-03-20&rft.au=Sarah+Lai+Stirland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.wired.com%2F27bstroke6%2F2008%2F03%2Fstanford-law-pr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visualwebcaster.com/event.asp?id=46510">"Sunlight Foundation Webcast"</a>. Visualwebcaster.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100325003611/http://www.visualwebcaster.com/event.asp?id=46510">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunlight+Foundation+Webcast&rft.pub=Visualwebcaster.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visualwebcaster.com%2Fevent.asp%3Fid%3D46510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rootstrikers.org/whoweare.php">Who We Are</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111223040848/https://www.rootstrikers.org/whoweare.php">Archived</a> December 23, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Rootstrikers</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rootstrikers.org/about.php">About Us</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111155608/https://www.rootstrikers.org/about.php">Archived</a> January 11, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Rootstrikers</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unitedrepublic.org/2011/rootstrikers-and-united-republic/">Rootstrikers and United Republic</a>, Lawrence Lessig, United Republic, November 16, 2011 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111219230017/http://unitedrepublic.org/2011/rootstrikers-and-united-republic/">Archived</a> December 19, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unitedrepublic.org/about-us">About Us</a>, United Republic <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207223737/http://unitedrepublic.org/about-us">Archived</a> February 7, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100206220707/http://www.callaconvention.org/">"Call a Convention"</a>. Call a Convention. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.callaconvention.org/">the original</a> on February 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Call+a+Convention&rft.pub=Call+a+Convention&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.callaconvention.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fixcongressfirst.org/about/">About</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110830005700/http://fixcongressfirst.org/about/">Archived</a> August 30, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Fix Congress First!</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twsDecM4j8767s-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-twsDecM4j8767s_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence_Lessig2011" class="citation news cs1">Lawrence Lessig (November 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik1AK56FtVc">"Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress—and a Plan to Stop It"</a>. Google, YouTube, Huffington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131205212035/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik1AK56FtVc">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2011</span>. <q>(see question & answer session near the end of the video; see 50:30+)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Republic%2C+Lost%3A+How+Money+Corrupts+Congress%E2%80%94and+a+Plan+to+Stop+It&rft.date=2011-11-16&rft.au=Lawrence+Lessig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DIk1AK56FtVc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twsDecM433s-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-twsDecM433s_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-twsDecM433s_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence_Lessig2011" class="citation news cs1">Lawrence Lessig (November 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik1AK56FtVc">"Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress—and a Plan to Stop It"</a>. Google, YouTube, Huffington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131205212035/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik1AK56FtVc">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2011</span>. <q>(see 32.06 minutes into the video)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Republic%2C+Lost%3A+How+Money+Corrupts+Congress%E2%80%94and+a+Plan+to+Stop+It&rft.date=2011-11-16&rft.au=Lawrence+Lessig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DIk1AK56FtVc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lessig.tumblr.com/post/118995215027/democracy-in-small-states">"Democracy in small states"</a>. <i>LESSIG Blog, v2</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181212204119/http://lessig.tumblr.com/post/118995215027/democracy-in-small-states">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LESSIG+Blog%2C+v2&rft.atitle=Democracy+in+small+states&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flessig.tumblr.com%2Fpost%2F118995215027%2Fdemocracy-in-small-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conconcon-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-conconcon_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conconcon.org/">Conference on the Constitutional Convention</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131026062406/http://www.conconcon.org/">Archived</a> October 26, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Harvard University, September 24–5, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lessigbook-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lessigbook_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lessig, L. (2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927113614/http://twelvebooks.com/books/republic_lost.asp"><i>Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress—and a Plan to Stop It</i></a> (New York City: Hachette/Twelve) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/blogs/national-affairs/lawrence-lessig-on-how-we-lost-our-democracy-20111005">excerpt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410155637/http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/blogs/national-affairs/lawrence-lessig-on-how-we-lost-our-democracy-20111005">Archived</a> April 10, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-occupydc-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-occupydc_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tackett, C. (October 19, 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treehugger.com/files/2011/10/could-occupy-wall-street-become-conventionists-ows.php">"Could #OccupyWallStreet Become a Constitutional Convention?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111021043758/http://www.treehugger.com/files/2011/10/could-occupy-wall-street-become-conventionists-ows.php">Archived</a> October 21, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Discovery / TreeHugger.com</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroomkin2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Froomkin" title="Dan Froomkin">Froomkin, Dan</a> (October 5, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170320164806/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/05/lessig-new-book_n_996519.html">"Lawrence Lessig's New Book On Political Corruption Offers Protesters A Possible Manifesto"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/05/lessig-new-book_n_996519.html">the original</a> on March 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Lawrence+Lessig%27s+New+Book+On+Political+Corruption+Offers+Protesters+A+Possible+Manifesto&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft.aulast=Froomkin&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2011%2F10%2F05%2Flessig-new-book_n_996519.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hill, Adriene (October 4, 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marketplace.publicradio.org/display/web/2011/10/04/am-campaign-finance-lobbying-major-roadblocks-to-effective-government/">"Campaign finance, lobbying major roadblocks to effective government"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120713213901/http://marketplace.publicradio.org/display/web/2011/10/04/am-campaign-finance-lobbying-major-roadblocks-to-effective-government/">Archived</a> July 13, 2012, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> <i>Marketplace Morning Report</i> (American Public Media)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlantic-2014-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atlantic-2014_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlantic-2014_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence Lessig, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/01/why-were-marching-across-new-hampshire-to-honor-aaron-swartz/282962/">"Why We're Marching Across New Hampshire to Honor Aaron Swartz"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170331143300/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/01/why-were-marching-across-new-hampshire-to-honor-aaron-swartz/282962/">Archived</a> March 31, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Atlantic</i>, January 10, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennifer Harper, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/dec/25/inside-the-beltway-self-awareness-and-the-science-/?page=all">"Restless grassroots: New Hampshire 'Rebellion' declares their state is not for sale"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150120130353/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/dec/25/inside-the-beltway-self-awareness-and-the-science-/?page=all">Archived</a> January 20, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Inside the Beltway column), <i>Washington Times</i>, December 25, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Koziol, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unionleader.com/article/20150118/NEWS06/150119165">"NH Rebellion Marching Its Way to Concord for Reform"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150119183715/http://www.unionleader.com/article/20150118/NEWS06/150119165">Archived</a> January 19, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>New Hampshire Union Leader</i>, January 17, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vasseur-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vasseur_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vasseur_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Flore Vasseur, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/backchannel/larry-lessigs-long-walk-b96d80d34972">"The New Hampshire Rebellion: Larry Lessig's Long Walk"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150119183446/https://medium.com/backchannel/larry-lessigs-long-walk-b96d80d34972">Archived</a> January 19, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Medium</i>, December 15, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-exploring-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-exploring_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exploring_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exploring_92-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exploring_92-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exploring_92-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerica,_Dan2015" class="citation news cs1">Merica, Dan (August 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/11/politics/larry-lessig-presidential-campaign-exploration/index.html">"Harvard professor Lawrence Lessig is exploring a long shot presidential bid"</a>. CNN.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150811161956/http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/11/politics/larry-lessig-presidential-campaign-exploration/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Harvard+professor+Lawrence+Lessig+is+exploring+a+long+shot+presidential+bid&rft.date=2015-08-11&rft.au=Merica%2C+Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F08%2F11%2Fpolitics%2Flarry-lessig-presidential-campaign-exploration%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toussaint, Kristin (August 11, 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/nation/2015/08/11/harvard-law-professor-exploring-presidential-run/lNQdSFZzDpMzCh0Uinz2aO/story.html">"Harvard law professor wants to be president—for one day"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305081001/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/2015/08/11/harvard-law-professor-exploring-presidential-run/lNQdSFZzDpMzCh0Uinz2aO/story.html">Archived</a> March 5, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston.com" title="Boston.com">Boston.com</a>. Retrieved August 11, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-to171005-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-to171005_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2017" class="citation news cs1">Perry, Douglas (October 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/today/index.ssf/2017/10/electoral-college_reform_would.html">"Electoral-college reform would have defeated Donald Trump; now some Republicans back effort, seek action before 2020"</a>. <i>The Oregonian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006013404/http://www.oregonlive.com/today/index.ssf/2017/10/electoral-college_reform_would.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Electoral-college+reform+would+have+defeated+Donald+Trump%3B+now+some+Republicans+back+effort%2C+seek+action+before+2020&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Ftoday%2Findex.ssf%2F2017%2F10%2Felectoral-college_reform_would.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessig2023" class="citation journal cs1">Lessig, Lawrence (December 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2023/12/supreme-court-trump-ballot-removal-colorado-wrong.html">"The Supreme Court must strike down Trump's ballot removal"</a>. <i>Slate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=The+Supreme+Court+must+strike+down+Trump%27s+ballot+removal&rft.date=2023-12-20&rft.aulast=Lessig&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2023%2F12%2Fsupreme-court-trump-ballot-removal-colorado-wrong.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-scientific-american-5-2002-11-11/">"The Scientific American 50 Award"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160206084956/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-scientific-american-5-2002-11-11/">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+Scientific+American+50+Award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-scientific-american-5-2002-11-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2006/april26/aaas-042606.html">"Eight scholars elected to academy of arts and sciences"</a>. News-service.stanford.edu. April 24, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060428093512/http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2006/april26/aaas-042606.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eight+scholars+elected+to+academy+of+arts+and+sciences&rft.pub=News-service.stanford.edu&rft.date=2006-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews-service.stanford.edu%2Fnews%2F2006%2Fapril26%2Faaas-042606.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fastcase.com/fastcase50-winners-2011/">"Fastcase 50"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205132505/http://www.fastcase.com/fastcase50-winners-2011/">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fastcase+50&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcase.com%2Ffastcase50-winners-2011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219233027/http://www.sam.lu.se/about-the-faculty/honorary-doctors/honorary-doctor-2013">"Honorary Doctor at the Faculty of Social Sciences 2013"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sam.lu.se/about-the-faculty/honorary-doctors/honorary-doctor-2013">the original</a> on December 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+Doctor+at+the+Faculty+of+Social+Sciences+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sam.lu.se%2Fabout-the-faculty%2Fhonorary-doctors%2Fhonorary-doctor-2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140130071507/http://www.uclouvain.be/docteurshonoriscausa2014.html">"Fête de l'université 2014 - Doctorats honoris causa"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uclouvain.be/docteurshonoriscausa2014.html">the original</a> on January 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=F%C3%AAte+de+l%27universit%C3%A9+2014+-+Doctorats+honoris+causa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uclouvain.be%2Fdocteurshonoriscausa2014.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webbyawards.com/winners/2014/special-achievement/webby-lifetime-achievement/lawrence-lessig">"The Webby Awards Gallery"</a>. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140501121934/http://webbyawards.com/winners/2014/special-achievement/webby-lifetime-achievement/lawrence-lessig">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Webby+Awards+Gallery&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webbyawards.com%2Fwinners%2F2014%2Fspecial-achievement%2Fwebby-lifetime-achievement%2Flawrence-lessig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeilemann2005" class="citation web cs1">Heilemann, John (May 21, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109184450/http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/features/12061/index.html">"Lawrence Lessig and John Hardwicke Fight Sexual Abuse and the American Boychoir School"</a>. Newyorkmetro.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/features/12061/index.html">the original</a> on January 9, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lawrence+Lessig+and+John+Hardwicke+Fight+Sexual+Abuse+and+the+American+Boychoir+School&rft.pub=Newyorkmetro.com&rft.date=2005-05-21&rft.aulast=Heilemann&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorkmetro.com%2Fnymetro%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F12061%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessig2005" class="citation web cs1">Lessig, Lawrence (May 25, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110116200950/http://lessig.org/blog/2005/05/living_with_ghosts.html">"living with ghosts (Lessig Blog)"</a>. Lessig.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lessig.org/blog/2005/05/living_with_ghosts.html">the original</a> on January 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=living+with+ghosts+%28Lessig+Blog%29&rft.pub=Lessig.org&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.aulast=Lessig&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lessig.org%2Fblog%2F2005%2F05%2Fliving_with_ghosts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hardwicke_v._American_Boychoir-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hardwicke_v._American_Boychoir_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawlibrary.rutgers.edu/decisions/supreme/a-17-04.doc.html">"Hardwicke v. American Boychoir"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205171518/https://law.rutgers.edu/page-not-found">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hardwicke+v.+American+Boychoir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawlibrary.rutgers.edu%2Fdecisions%2Fsupreme%2Fa-17-04.doc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimothy_J._Mullaney2000" class="citation web cs1">Timothy J. Mullaney (March 6, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2000-03-05/the-paul-revere-of-the-web">"The Paul Revere Of The Web"</a>. Bloomberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160217005610/http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2000-03-05/the-paul-revere-of-the-web">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Paul+Revere+Of+The+Web&rft.pub=Bloomberg&rft.date=2000-03-06&rft.au=Timothy+J.+Mullaney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fbw%2Fstories%2F2000-03-05%2Fthe-paul-revere-of-the-web&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032036/http://www.hyperink.com/Personal-Life-b1404a12">"Personal Life - Lawrence Lessig: A Biography"</a>. Hyperink.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hyperink.com/Personal-Life-b1404a12">the original</a> on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Personal+Life+-+Lawrence+Lessig%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Hyperink.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hyperink.com%2FPersonal-Life-b1404a12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessig2019" class="citation web cs1">Lessig, Lawrence (September 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@lessig/on-joi-and-mit-3cb422fe5ae7">"On Joi and MIT"</a>. <i>Medium.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200113194255/https://medium.com/@lessig/on-joi-and-mit-3cb422fe5ae7">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medium.com&rft.atitle=On+Joi+and+MIT&rft.date=2019-09-08&rft.aulast=Lessig&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40lessig%2Fon-joi-and-mit-3cb422fe5ae7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeidig2020" class="citation web cs1">Neidig, Harper (January 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/media/478025-harvard-professor-sues-nyt-over-epstein-donations-story">"Harvard professor sues NYT over Epstein donations story"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200113221605/https://thehill.com/homenews/media/478025-harvard-professor-sues-nyt-over-epstein-donations-story">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Harvard+professor+sues+NYT+over+Epstein+donations+story&rft.date=2020-01-13&rft.aulast=Neidig&rft.aufirst=Harper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fmedia%2F478025-harvard-professor-sues-nyt-over-epstein-donations-story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowles2019" class="citation web cs1">Bowles, Nellie (September 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/14/business/lessig-epstein-ito-mit.html">"A Harvard Professor Doubles Down: If You Take Epstein's Money, Do It in Secret"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200113221608/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/14/business/lessig-epstein-ito-mit.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Harvard+Professor+Doubles+Down%3A+If+You+Take+Epstein%27s+Money%2C+Do+It+in+Secret&rft.date=2019-09-14&rft.aulast=Bowles&rft.aufirst=Nellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F09%2F14%2Fbusiness%2Flessig-epstein-ito-mit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2020" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Adi (January 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/13/21063873/jeffrey-epstein-lessig-nyt-defamation-lawsuit-mit-joi-ito-donations-interview">"Lawrence Lessig sues New York Times over MIT and Jeffrey Epstein interview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200113221650/https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/13/21063873/jeffrey-epstein-lessig-nyt-defamation-lawsuit-mit-joi-ito-donations-interview">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Lawrence+Lessig+sues+New+York+Times+over+MIT+and+Jeffrey+Epstein+interview&rft.date=2020-01-13&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Adi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2020%2F1%2F13%2F21063873%2Fjeffrey-epstein-lessig-nyt-defamation-lawsuit-mit-joi-ito-donations-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowles2019" class="citation news cs1">Bowles, Nellie (September 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/14/business/lessig-epstein-ito-mit.html">"What Are the Ethics of Taking Tainted Funds?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Are+the+Ethics+of+Taking+Tainted+Funds%3F&rft.date=2019-09-14&rft.aulast=Bowles&rft.aufirst=Nellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F09%2F14%2Fbusiness%2Flessig-epstein-ito-mit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clickbaitdefamation.org/">"Against Clickbait Defamation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Against+Clickbait+Defamation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclickbaitdefamation.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.lessig.org/content/testimony/ab/ab.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120716205621/http://www.lessig.org/content/testimony/ab/ab.pdf">Archived</a> July 16, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pacer.cadc.uscourts.gov/common/opinions/199806/97-5343a.txt">"USCA-DC Opinions – Released On 1/21/2011"</a>. Pacer.cadc.uscourts.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061026065501/http://pacer.cadc.uscourts.gov/common/opinions/199806/97-5343a.txt">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USCA-DC+Opinions+%E2%80%93+Released+On+1%2F21%2F2011&rft.pub=Pacer.cadc.uscourts.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpacer.cadc.uscourts.gov%2Fcommon%2Fopinions%2F199806%2F97-5343a.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lessig.org/blog/2005/02/west_wing_lessons.html">Lessig blog</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015180643/http://www.lessig.org/blog/2005/02/west_wing_lessons.html">Archived</a> October 15, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.lessig.org/content/testimony/dvd/dvd.pdf">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120716205628/http://www.lessig.org/content/testimony/dvd/dvd.pdf">Archived</a> July 16, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?471677-1%2Fchiafalo-v-washington-oral-argument&vod">"Chiafalo v. Washington Oral Argument, May 13, 2020, via [[C-SPAN]]"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205171559/https://www.c-span.org/video/?471677-1%2Fsupreme-court-rules-states-punish-faithless-electors&vod=">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chiafalo+v.+Washington+Oral+Argument%2C+May+13%2C+2020%2C+via+%26%2391%3B%26%2391%3BC-SPAN%26%2393%3B%26%2393%3B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F471677-1%252Fchiafalo-v-washington-oral-argument%26vod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrayson" class="citation news cs1">Grayson, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150227162553/http://grayson.house.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/330-grayson-screens-award-winning-killswitch-documentary">"Grayson Screens Award-Winning "KILLSWITCH" Documentary"</a>. US House of Representatives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grayson.house.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/330-grayson-screens-award-winning-killswitch-documentary">the original</a> on February 27, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Grayson+Screens+Award-Winning+%22KILLSWITCH%22+Documentary&rft.aulast=Grayson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrayson.house.gov%2Findex.php%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2F330-grayson-screens-award-winning-killswitch-documentary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6788208/">"Meeting Snowden (2017) - IMDb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Meeting+Snowden+%282017%29+-+IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt6788208%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Lawrence Lessig</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" class="extiw" title="c:Lawrence Lessig">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" class="extiw" title="q:Lawrence Lessig">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Lawrence_Lessig" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Lawrence Lessig">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217790" class="extiw" title="d:Q217790">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lessig.org/">"Official website"</a>. <i>Lessig.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lessig.org&rft.atitle=Official+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flessig.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span> (includes Curriculum Vitae and Lessig blog 2002–2009)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lessig.tumblr.com/">"Official blog"</a>. <i>Tumblr.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tumblr.com&rft.atitle=Official+blog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flessig.tumblr.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span> Lessig Blog, beyond 2009</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/index.html?id=888">"Lawrence Lessig"</a>. <i>Harvard Law School Faculty Directory</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Law+School+Faculty+Directory&rft.atitle=Lawrence+Lessig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.harvard.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fdirectory%2Findex.html%3Fid%3D888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910091331/https://lessig2016.us/">"Official campaign website"</a>. <i>Lessig 2016</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lessig2016.us">the original</a> on September 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lessig+2016&rft.atitle=Official+campaign+website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flessig2016.us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+Lessig" class="Z3988"></span> (Presidential Campaign site)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?48312">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2163781/">Lawrence Lessig</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ted.com/speakers/larry_lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a> at <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217790#P2611" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bsky.app/profile/lessig.bsky.social">Lawrence Lessig</a> on <a href="/wiki/Bluesky" title="Bluesky">Bluesky</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_F._Thompson" title="Dennis F. Thompson">Dennis F. Thompson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Director of the <a href="/wiki/Edmond_J._Safra_Center_for_Ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics">Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics</a><br />at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> </b><br />2009–2015 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Allen" title="Danielle Allen">Danielle Allen</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lawrence_Lessig" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lawrence_Lessig" title="Template:Lawrence Lessig"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lawrence_Lessig" title="Template talk:Lawrence Lessig"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lawrence_Lessig" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lawrence Lessig"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lawrence_Lessig" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lawrence Lessig</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_and_Other_Laws_of_Cyberspace" title="Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace">Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_of_Ideas" title="The Future of Ideas">The Future of Ideas</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_Culture_(book)" title="Free Culture (book)">Free Culture</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code:_Version_2.0" title="Code: Version 2.0">Code: Version 2.0</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Remix_(book)" title="Remix (book)">Remix</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Republic,_Lost" title="Republic, Lost">Republic, Lost</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Way_Forward" title="One Way Forward">One Way Forward</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig_presidential_campaign,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Lessig presidential campaign, 2016">2016 presidential campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayday_PAC" title="Mayday PAC">Mayday.us</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootstrikers" title="Rootstrikers">Rootstrikers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_Congress" title="Change Congress">Change Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Center_for_Internet_and_Society" title="Stanford Center for Internet and Society">Stanford Center for Internet and Society</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eldred_v._Ashcroft" title="Eldred v. Ashcroft">Eldred v. Ashcroft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kahle_v._Gonzales" title="Kahle v. Gonzales">Kahle v. Gonzales</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Wake_Up_Call" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wake Up Call">The Wake Up Call</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Equality_Act_of_2017" title="Citizen Equality Act of 2017">Citizen Equality Act of 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electors_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Electors Trust">Electors Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_culture_and_open_content" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Free_culture_and_open_content" title="Template:Free culture and open content"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Free_culture_and_open_content" title="Template talk:Free culture and open content"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Free_culture_and_open_content" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Free culture and open content"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_culture_and_open_content" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">open content</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts and<br />practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Key concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production" title="Commons-based peer production">Commons-based peer production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">Crowdsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre"><i>Gratis</i> versus <i>libre</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_collaboration" title="Open collaboration">Open collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">Open source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openness" title="Openness">Openness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_culture" title="Participatory culture">Participatory culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharism" title="Sharism">Sharism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Research and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_science" title="Citizen science">Citizen science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_science" title="Open science">Open science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-notebook_science" title="Open-notebook science">Notebook science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_research" title="Open research">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_science_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Open science data">Science data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_S" title="Plan S">Plan S</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Data, information,<br />and knowledge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">Free content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_commons" title="Knowledge commons">Knowledge commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_communication" title="Open communication">Open communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_knowledge" title="Open knowledge">Open knowledge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">Content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_data" title="Open data">Data</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Communication<br />and learning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_writing" title="Collaborative writing">Collaborative writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_media" title="Democratic media">Democratic media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_publishing" title="Open publishing">Open publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_media" title="Participatory media">Participatory media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">Peer review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_education" title="Open education">Open education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">Educational resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_university" class="mw-redirect" title="Open university">University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_admissions" title="Open admissions">Admissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-door_academic_policy" title="Open-door academic policy">Open-door academic policy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Journalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_media" title="Citizen media">Citizen media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen journalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiki_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki journalism">Wiki journalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_journalism" title="Open-source journalism">Open-source journalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a> (FOSS) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free/libre software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-design_movement" title="Open-design movement">Open-design movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_robotics" title="Open-source robotics">Robotics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_gaming" title="Open gaming">Open gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_architecture" title="Open-source architecture">Open-source architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source hardware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Economic principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_innovation" title="Open innovation">Open innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_patent" class="mw-redirect" title="Open patent">Open patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_standard" title="Open standard">Open standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Politics and governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_government" title="Open government">Open government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_governance" title="Open-source governance">Open-source governance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Architecture_Network" title="Open Architecture Network">Open Architecture Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Energy_Modelling_Initiative" title="Open Energy Modelling Initiative">Openmod Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Knowledge_Foundation" title="Open Knowledge Foundation">Open Knowledge Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Rights_Group" title="Open Rights Group">Open Rights Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">Open Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Web_Foundation" title="Open Web Foundation">Open Web Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLOS" title="PLOS">PLOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_Publishing_and_Academic_Resources_Coalition" title="Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition">SPARC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Elbakyan" title="Alexandra Elbakyan">Alexandra Elbakyan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lawrence Lessig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Murray-Rust" title="Peter Murray-Rust">Peter Murray-Rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Rushkoff" title="Douglas Rushkoff">Douglas Rushkoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Suber" title="Peter Suber">Peter Suber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sunde" title="Peter Sunde">Peter Sunde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilbanks" title="John Wilbanks">John Wilbanks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects and<br />movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Do-it-yourself_biology" title="Do-it-yourself biology">DIYbio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free-culture movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_science" title="Open science">Open science movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Ecology" title="Open Source Ecology">Open Source Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source software movement">Open-source software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCores" title="OpenCores">OpenCores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenWetWare" title="OpenWetWare">OpenWetWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tools" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_software_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Free software license">Licenses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL</a></li></ul></li> <li>Definition docs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works">Free Cultural Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">Free Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Definition" title="The Open Definition">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Source_Definition" title="The Open Source Definition">Open Source</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Indices" title="Open Data Indices">Open Data Indices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">Open educational resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_music_model" title="Open music model">Open music model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Web" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Web">Open Web movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2012)_2016_United_States_presidential_election_(2020_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2012)_2016_United_States_presidential_election_(2020_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">← 2012</a>) <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (R), 304 electoral votes</b>; <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a> (D), 227 electoral votes<br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2016 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_political_affiliation" title="Political positions of the 2016 United States presidential candidates by political affiliation">Positions</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">national</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election_by_demographic" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election by demographic">by demo.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">statewide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-2016_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Pre-2016 statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">pre-2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January%E2%80%93August_2016_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="January–August 2016 statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">early 2016</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="International opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">international</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Social media in the 2016 United States presidential election">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2016 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential election">Newspaper endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_primaries" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential primaries">primary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote_pairing_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Vote pairing in the 2016 United States presidential election">Vote pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_recounts" title="2016 United States presidential election recounts">Recounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithless_electors_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election">Faithless electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2017 United States Electoral College vote count">Electoral College vote count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">inauguration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#800080;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">AIP</a> · <span style="color:#FF8C00;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNY</a> · <span style="color:#F4C2C2;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Right_to_Life_Party" title="New York State Right to Life Party">RTLP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li>Polls (<a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">national</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">statewide</a> · <a href="/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">straw</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2016 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump#Protests_during_Trump's_campaign" title="Protests against Donald Trump">protests</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">GOP opposition</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></b></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Jeb_Bush" title="Political positions of Jeb Bush">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Ben Carson 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ted_Cruz" title="Political positions of Ted Cruz">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Everson" title="Mark Everson">Mark Everson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carly_Fiorina" title="Carly Fiorina">Carly Fiorina</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Carly_Fiorina_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore" title="Jim Gilmore">Jim Gilmore</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Gilmore 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lindsey Graham 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Mike Huckabee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Huckabee 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mike_Huckabee" title="Political positions of Mike Huckabee">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Bobby Jindal 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich_2016_presidential_campaign" title="John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_John_Kasich_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_McMillan" title="Jimmy McMillan">Jimmy McMillan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pataki" title="George Pataki">George Pataki</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pataki_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="George Pataki 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rand Paul 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rand_Paul" title="Political positions of Rand Paul">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Perry 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rick_Perry" title="Political positions of Rick Perry">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Marco_Rubio" title="Political positions of Marco Rubio">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Rick Santorum</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_(politician)" title="Scott Walker (politician)">Scott Walker</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Walker 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#328DE0;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Party_(New_York)" title="Women's Equality Party (New York)">WEP</a> · <span style="color:#f598e2;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primary candidates">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">straw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superdelegates_at_the_2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of superdelegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention">superdelegates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd>endorsements <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_screen_and_stage_performer_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign screen and stage performer endorsements">performers</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Democratic opposition</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a></b></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee" title="Lincoln Chafee">Lincoln Chafee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lincoln Chafee 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rocky De La Fuente 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_T._Farrell_Jr." title="Paul T. Farrell Jr.">Paul T. Farrell Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lawrence Lessig</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lawrence Lessig 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Martin O'Malley 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Political positions of Bernie Sanders">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb" title="Jim Webb">Jim Webb</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jim Webb 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willie_Wilson_(businessman)" title="Willie Wilson (businessman)">Willie Wilson</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><b><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#FFC14E;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Party of New York State">IPNY</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2016 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gary_Johnson_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Gary_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Gary Johnson">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Bill Weld</a></b></dd> <dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Austin_Petersen" title="Austin Petersen">Austin Petersen</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;"><b><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Green Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_National_Convention" title="2016 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jill_Stein_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ajamu_Baraka" title="Ajamu Baraka">Ajamu Baraka</a></b></dd> <dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Darryl_Cherney" title="Darryl Cherney">Darryl Cherney</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><b>Independents</b><br /><span style="color:#FFC14E;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Party of Minnesota">IPMN</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better_for_America" title="Better for America">Better for America</a></li> <li><b>Candidate: <a href="/wiki/Evan_McMullin" title="Evan McMullin">Evan McMullin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evan_McMullin_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Evan_McMullin_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Running mate: <a href="/wiki/Mindy_Finn" title="Mindy Finn">Mindy Finn</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election">third-party and independent candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #355E39;"><a href="/wiki/American_Delta_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="American Delta Party">American Delta Party</a><br /><span style="color:#6A287E;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rocky De La Fuente 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Steinberg_(lawyer)" title="Michael Steinberg (lawyer)">Michael Steinberg</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CC66FF;">American Party (South Carolina)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Skewes" title="Peter Skewes">Peter Skewes</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F37120;"><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Maturen" title="Mike Maturen">Mike Maturen</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;">America's Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Constitution Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention#2016_convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b>Darrell Castle</b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Darrell_Castle_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Darrell Castle 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Bradley_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Bradley (politician)">Scott Bradley</a></b></dd> <dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;">Nutrition Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rod_Silva_(businessman)" title="Rod Silva (businessman)">Rod Silva</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a><br /><span style="color:red;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">PSL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Banks" title="Dennis Banks">Dennis Banks</a></b></li> <li><b>PSL VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></b>*</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Hedges" title="James Hedges">James Hedges</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Mackler" title="Jeff Mackler">Jeff Mackler</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jerry_White_(socialist)" title="Jerry White (socialist)">Jerry White</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mimi_Soltysik" title="Mimi Soltysik">Mimi Soltysik</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mimi_Soltysik_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimi Soltysik 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Nicole_Walker" title="Angela Nicole Walker">Angela Nicole Walker</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Osborne_Hart" title="Osborne Hart">Osborne Hart</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;">Pacifist Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Lyttle" title="Bradford Lyttle">Bradford Lyttle</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Other Independent candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Kotlikoff" title="Laurence Kotlikoff">Laurence Kotlikoff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* : These candidates were constitutionally ineligible to serve as President or Vice President.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_elections" title="2016 United States elections">Other 2016 elections</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2016 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2016 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217790#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217790#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217790#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000011963719X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/40280446">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1497812/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfRFf4fbhKm84qkqQ9MT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/123211476">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no99044097">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15010515g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15010515g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00839943">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lessig, Lawrence"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RMSV039508">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20081001001&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1535104">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p191978124">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/33850">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000132075&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000374744&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200205052">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810552203505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007593020205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058519109806706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14422421">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA13126362?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/7150174a-c412-4599-b46c-8dac20cf0232">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/123211476">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/082573379">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elmcip.net/node/12597">ELMCIP</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/19px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/29px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/38px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/19px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/29px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/21px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/32px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/41px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&oldid=1259696610">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&oldid=1259696610</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lawrence_Lessig" title="Category:Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1961_births" title="Category:1961 births">1961 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers">21st-century American non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_politicians" title="Category:21st-century American politicians">21st-century American politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Access_to_Knowledge_activists" title="Category:Access to Knowledge activists">Access to Knowledge activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge">Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_bloggers" title="Category:American bloggers">American bloggers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_lawyers" title="Category:American lawyers">American lawyers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_legal_scholars" title="Category:American legal scholars">American legal scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_German_descent" title="Category:American people of German descent">American people of German descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_political_writers" title="Category:American political writers">American political writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Category:Candidates in the 2016 United States presidential election">Candidates in the 2016 United States presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_law_scholars" title="Category:Computer law scholars">Computer law scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Copyright_activists" title="Category:Copyright activists">Copyright activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Copyright_scholars" title="Category:Copyright scholars">Copyright scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Creative_Commons-licensed_authors" title="Category:Creative Commons-licensed authors">Creative Commons-licensed authors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_Law_School_faculty" title="Category:Harvard Law School faculty">Harvard Law School faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_clerks_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States">Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massachusetts_Democrats" title="Category:Massachusetts Democrats">Massachusetts Democrats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Creative_Commons_board_of_directors" title="Category:Members of the Creative Commons board of directors">Members of the Creative Commons board of directors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Open_content_activists" title="Category:Open content activists">Open content activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Category:People from Rapid City, South Dakota">People from Rapid City, South Dakota</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Williamsport,_Pennsylvania" title="Category:People from Williamsport, Pennsylvania">People from Williamsport, Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_scholars_of_constitutional_law" title="Category:American scholars of constitutional law">American scholars of constitutional law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexual_abuse_victim_advocates" title="Category:Sexual abuse victim advocates">Sexual abuse victim advocates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Stanford_Law_School_faculty" title="Category:Stanford Law School faculty">Stanford Law School faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Chicago_faculty" title="Category:University of Chicago faculty">University of Chicago faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webby_Award_winners" title="Category:Webby Award winners">Webby Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wharton_School_alumni" title="Category:Wharton School alumni">Wharton School alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wired_(magazine)_people" title="Category:Wired (magazine) people">Wired (magazine) people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yale_Law_School_alumni" title="Category:Yale Law School alumni">Yale Law School alumni</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_archiveis_links" title="Category:Webarchive template archiveis links">Webarchive template archiveis links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2015" title="Category:Use mdy dates from August 2015">Use mdy dates from August 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 15:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Lessig&curid=54496&diff=1259696610&oldid=1259545451&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-xss7q","wgBackendResponseTime":203,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.550","walltime":"1.783","ppvisitednodes":{"value":13568,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":309177,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11164,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":20,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":415894,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1540.671 1 -total"," 34.48% 531.272 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.34% 313.304 66 Template:Cite_web"," 13.94% 214.720 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 11.55% 177.944 1 Template:United_States_presidential_election,_2016"," 5.81% 89.444 19 Template:Cite_news"," 5.19% 80.032 20 Template:Box-shadow_border"," 4.63% 71.310 12 Template:ISBN"," 4.60% 70.869 20 Template:Party_color"," 4.40% 67.726 5 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.929","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16276236,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-dj9lx","timestamp":"20241129022037","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lawrence Lessig","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lawrence_Lessig","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q217790","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q217790","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-06-01T14:25:21Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T15:51:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/2\/20\/Lessig_Creative_Commons_20_years.png","headline":"American academic, political activist"}</script> </body> </html>