CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913479074db4a042',cH: 'Z79S_LqEinX.XoPwzGxNIaLLSblpVp8_5edvo8PV6cY-1739781628-1.2.1.1-JZsOJmgwMYPupT1lfXyOCOlsqVsrL1mEhd8dkO_kV7SXP6MILpojqfOvJ9SOFO9A',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=Ultra%20Low%20Voltage%20%28ULV%29&__cf_chl_tk=e97c1_QeECkCMRSmhBkDPFcfv6W9TOZaLfvXrGfk_FQ-1739781628-1.0.1.1-kwNV.eu.JbHMThcqGpZPeuRiKYmvl9WHuae0VBz71Yg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739781628',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=Ultra%20Low%20Voltage%20%28ULV%29&__cf_chl_f_tk=e97c1_QeECkCMRSmhBkDPFcfv6W9TOZaLfvXrGfk_FQ-1739781628-1.0.1.1-kwNV.eu.JbHMThcqGpZPeuRiKYmvl9WHuae0VBz71Yg",md: "yqUyD3zJ8moEPy5NvQh9lx0IZQCN5AHSI.TdpOVFuWo-1739781628-1.2.1.1-xPyc4idBMM.RmJfQ8phsouTpA7ojPcuQTVGx.AFQIclk9zs6oy9y4fsId_aLnh7jnb6DP12MYWlcdAiMoD2axynu66zCGUxkDewQLhCtJf8ZvHuY1GAJXBGQq0RtOvo90fl.TANZOfu22bvfLbVjYgB_pNnWvsWBCpQkrkjvKjARm.HgvN.tNQ1GqPg_MIcoemtlOgillnLdJqCR1hJ.nrOLmzL135o0S5VAB7lINPEDr.VyK7TmVxRVRlNk7KedtgqnRATY.qmSrLIZDUhRGop2cWcVL2TVydDLY_JD2WmoBBFKPK1dv_Yy3L1l9kNDAhA2z7ZtbiBblBbwb.LFsJSQek2y9hn_d0K5n3L5AlH6KTkh49kJ3GhuHKH4pGSOrbbmsIe_PkyWOSw_nEUIZOyzcyNYwupcrcmSYe9cSJa9KFEujNsqu6PbhqTICuJ14rFrTflP7BrmMD.lMoABhJi0UNETLxUo471IPp5sjC.fhUUslE7LYscyAG1aqcyuxWTwAURjYrTOeHS_rXhJHuv1tjP8ZeKIq5MAW3SYVN_eFX9_TafoWRmcIvdaWEDAIhGHvbDipwMuTDnWyu.GlncnmXptzn996h5Q0ikrlwO3vTa7DGEafkHvhJN9zKMBHMOMNJSIJ2sseu5K6XGmZRatQWvjTW8FRdSHiWi6oS5QSpAV_8B75oIVAHGeZfful9NxIgQCRX2WqD4xAofbAgsy_GgA6i8XxzTkKpXJfIk2lXxANMGVXwgjBZmfjNwJfpkteOJ4GxEa0gYenhiMPH9QUFO4qnwl3_811F.BHRaN9j7xptG51p4BEbVJJg042XBrugdsiQpzgaDFBeVLw_rFBex6VqHdZ5yo1Wra997aKkLgz.m8CoE3RLxdvk1uyzll1ZyQlFfOeMNu9m9F_nnuWG3NTI31_RXKZ9cvg_HyOqepfMRZN0c7G5Hn220eLkN.tF3Mik0j.9n3go9tC9pxJjxlKpQhsZMCQ7JK6q490EC9q54mcdZFWFwakxppL0piWOgJCl69.1eVdjjeWBP.gIV.ogVL9YIlUqgSijPm5yYBwLQuQE552zPoHzHwb7f4P87276OrK4P7k6TyFLk7yAKZobKlYvyvjisNnT3hvnPluMemNly81hAUKw_pxRi_6XuzFFIV0nOWu_YiFo4.uTzzFZK8C7FELna.22Z8xqRkUJr52Ad6EDubWuUtqhb_p3DAJnGuICAzqBjhqxlZfEQdveiomPqcS2ZJV.UV25Zsx6wduRSJDXsSKB0vtbLwmdmVnw5y5YbrfgHkzgajTwivpp7rxObkQh8I4leHWSa2XWaGadRn3wizCTh8ePgaIELXzOPWiZik1X8mhJcXEFGfqm99G70rRRqIywT.U9jxCj0m.dQFrz4i8NJZlvatIPprm72aQnrueROoSahCpFHU4J8FGlkm2YsUQcGTS0J9elwpEEvPy2zvA5m.dcz4IlSuzkeOEsRfAdf7eT2nF7WGJS2zT.JPqZiGm0tqpDy2Ko188b7SAdoztLosNUFqP84ZceQ5ko6aY5VLkj_Uc8dK7IsD70mmj5lISuW7i0S13zRPQttnkwNduIDqW8cls4wFLbIwhRE3xD1J1I_hiPM3HGzzVERWPlWln9UGN3lljQhRn7dzNhOalIQEgikTb5jCsfzxReCuaLfHBcqbDK6xohqhMfdDFj0Kge2DBDe9w0eBDdKQsc08KFViY7GxpCWtgoAu3r2z37FA8uNOYWHkKGazQP.YNWn8Ea6ZqgeASVNI17410GGIbkrsmBO.VpkWUBcy_HvIEdG8QsqvaQrO37.dxvqUj.VA5_gCngqUoH853P1npCRQOWniF3noiWDcIf.UBYTKa2giLQjqBIDdCRGW5l9wbBovAseXyJMe13cespAKugevbZNy.r3Dwx.Zt1aYS05Z6xLocqA17wiN_nSXMBPABt_Vt0OnkqVcsEoTX7jYCaMS249_",mdrd: "4M635SuTF9TvyG.R8iXgQqVGAfjCxB8mhEYnNYwcPFQ-1739781628-1.2.1.1-hYyM6h.SiUGNxGB1UM_XzH1uSGqBOlPZjhC7U0h.csj_WXIcEDLCtPLFT19HYB7rB_6KrT8yZvubKsCM8OMqkNyY2DbCspL6iqmKYl.92J1UIFD0UKFpHXwLVCfcurZVPdAwrsw6FldqAzk9hzbtt6fSIGpwu3opiNM6HWdjbNVOsjZ1lEH3zWuaA9WMMIjveRdCXDtsvJRJRFu5phPYwXKKZe.BYN_so_f7q9.NoqFVQmZ3Njr4mIfPh2PfuJTlIsUaVsLhCgy2HUu8UOGDA0WQ1BToJysm9KnxwdmW.dqHtxL5v0aLFMlJ9wp311W6_T1N31.m9KbpdTWiZqfvut6KCpZzX9vUtThQkIgqHufY2JfwUWsiY7.0_hjVGetSGzKvp.krdfxtGoHfZydjGtcglRT_d5D8rlS609xs2.pMd0r3Qu_M69ftpPBPRm_AF2XNbzJrD0vrri1EkKTN9fyhFKjKR2M.urO_UyQisXQgvyCgddUKQ6kfK1FR_CNbTkxZNe0tGp3i1oWLts2f4LaWEkcCNXGT2JDh5ncHqQ1rxoOvkNKhmvqRZqaqdDoWduvZma.7NiZ6cbEOI3t6sxXS2zhsoSmzAgMsiHMCVeieX5xWkAVc5ATBQM_FhdPmZ6vrIPpuY0lqL6Pt3CLfTTAfINyvEIOrHstW1vUgzBOZgkhspN1DoE8_BcYy0GZX5FCgdvIE9Cpwrmb2rvU7j.Wi40U1yrRoD56Pz3xHWh3K4OMbKx2ZfFLkpMcK1SqNQp90k25YBE3sEEezxT7TweZgcu5ZeUnWq7h6SrPGGPgKuGQSxJ7GGWigvvqDxVFLpuV.RuCrnOr1UD_YRWZB8sPX2DgLAzYFwe8JYF_86CcVrfAv1T2mBLFxbMgKXKs4XkbNMhJDK3zV1JabLzv.s5NwBoOsoNL5P_2KA.SyhRaRzxxk2joGFMSEdfn6gf.7K71gMEjIiO3eDnKnzIGTucWvI6.tCEzILX03bu4uUcKy47PFtOVwYj9V23EieWAi9RiIkO3J5FeyBbwcjTL65R2Vf_JCYweXG66_jIbAedNtN5_gpnzS6KcdCSK_Ms8.UeflMiO_AAEIebaavW6takHXnggE51F1qTBQKSq3s7JAlhrWN5fATpwtivVQ_EpBbpO7tPJMj8PvW1iaINWo33UGX_CbQRjHrQS.pMS9cVrJAgopBhvhtrrRNCl7qe6AzIqo8bnUmNZ3ls0dYCXoJDkbVpg_nXcSMfVTpm4_kFeqgZk3bmSUJSWo4UP1tbz_7nNoGiEfnfZzUJti9wTODJvGq.5eFaWZA.tMmZrpFR1hYrONyY2Kr57uoEXOm02x5.Ex.sg92I0bQPdrwcPWx63ZJM_8oLCeNXsiDFzuWSCaIYegh7Z4HcOSkYzqHo350rSTmhN9Knapc48aXGHAkv7e0C4wW0KzxDDFi.Fb8SKpPxrT4SI243fuZODz6SMkzskvI6VLqcU5aB5EYXDMEdSPEoLrYPxzjgF9ZeNc6GUOOsJotzSiwLt8BdegMDVmq6RDRjhL7QWedL0e8KcNXwLdM32LOEYD4YBICFx1D6vVwjAA7.COzEMb6ORwQXdWFDKN34B2eC4r7Cujf8w5wZNXn_BLixoKyoRjSizH5VCTF8DL7DArM_BtyyCuSyIUTJ2Chva.tcGcUf26wOd58oRQNj2F5bLQBhhUSI5cCqyYh.vCqEMz.apDf6Y.smdKHVzfNe.VyYzcU8sNHT71VADd9nr_NSox8WmEcovDA95HC8mJacJ9Hi8y.32t4kVEJQy6K4JoOlMS6t1r3Mc.jwJpQ5DM6lm1HDASxSIqWvK78xGYikGRu2YfapcZk6saLCQMnFQEHCWTF7Pjs7M0BvoRLi_0hYgu8a9iuEeBQzQ_o4xP7nYzlLmQFX6VtuxtpNQJSp5euz8Bhv49mpR7gBMYD7ZUZ8kTvkViUHdpgDFkwNCXcIR8.dmFLNTBTvC1"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913479074db4a042';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=Ultra%20Low%20Voltage%20%28ULV%29&__cf_chl_rt_tk=e97c1_QeECkCMRSmhBkDPFcfv6W9TOZaLfvXrGfk_FQ-1739781628-1.0.1.1-kwNV.eu.JbHMThcqGpZPeuRiKYmvl9WHuae0VBz71Yg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>