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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The first shloka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_first_shloka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_Ramayana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_Ramayana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Role in <i>Ramayana</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_Ramayana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_Mahabharata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_Mahabharata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Role in <i>Mahabharata</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_Mahabharata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reincarnation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reincarnation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reincarnation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reincarnation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pragat_Diwas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pragat_Diwas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pragat Diwas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pragat_Diwas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Temples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Valmiki</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A" title="فالميكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فالميكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="বাল্মীকি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বাল্মীকি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walmiki" title="Walmiki – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Walmiki" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="বাল্মীকি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাল্মীকি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF" title="वाल्मीकि – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वाल्मीकि" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Валмики – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Валмики" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lm%C3%ADki" title="Válmíki – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Válmíki" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmikio" title="Valmikio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Valmikio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="والمیکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="والمیکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A2lm%C3%AEki" title="Vâlmîki – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vâlmîki" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81lm%C4%ABki" title="Vālmīki – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vālmīki" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%80" title="વાલ્મિકી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વાલ્મિકી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF" title="वाल्मीकि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाल्मीकि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walmiki" title="Walmiki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Walmiki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81lm%C4%ABki" title="Vālmīki – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vālmīki" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walmiki" title="Walmiki – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Walmiki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಾಲ್ಮೀಕಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಲ್ಮೀಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lm%C3%ADki" title="Válmíki – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Válmíki" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF" title="वाल्मीकि – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="वाल्मीकि" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A2lm%C3%AEki" title="Vâlmîki – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vâlmîki" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="വാല്മീകി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വാല്മീകി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="वाल्मिकी ऋषी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वाल्मिकी ऋषी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="ဝါလ်မီကိရသေ့ကြီး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝါလ်မီကိရသေ့ကြီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF" title="वाल्मीकि – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वाल्मीकि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD" title="ヴァールミーキ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァールミーキ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%80" title="ବାଲ୍ମିକୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବାଲ୍ମିକୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95" title="ਵਾਲਮੀਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਾਲਮੀਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="والمیک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="والمیک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walmiki" title="Walmiki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Walmiki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmique" title="Valmique – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Valmique" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вальмики – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вальмики" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="वाल्मीकिः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वाल्मीकिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%8A" title="والميڪي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="والميڪي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="வால்மீகி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வால்மீகி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вальмики – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вальмики" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF" title="వాల్మీకి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వాల్మీకి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4" title="วาลมีกิ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วาลมีกิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಾಲ್ಮೀಕಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ವಾಲ್ಮೀಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Вальмікі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вальмікі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="والمیکی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="والمیکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Valmiki" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Legendary Indian poet, author of the Ramayana</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Indian sage. For the Indian caste community, see <a href="/wiki/Valmiki_caste" title="Valmiki caste">Valmiki caste</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Valmiki_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Valmiki (disambiguation)">Valmiki (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #FFC569; color: #000000;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maharishi" title="Maharishi">Maharishi</a></div><div class="fn">Valmiki</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Valmiki_Ramayana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Valmiki_Ramayana.jpg/220px-Valmiki_Ramayana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Valmiki_Ramayana.jpg/330px-Valmiki_Ramayana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Valmiki_Ramayana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="497" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Sage Valmiki composing the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Agni Sharma</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Pracheta (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lineage</th><td class="infobox-data">Rama Mantraraj<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (mentioned by Govindaraja)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Religious_movement" title="Religious movement">Movement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dharmic" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharmic">Dharmic</a> movement called <a href="/wiki/Balmiki_sect" class="mw-redirect" title="Balmiki sect">Valmikism</a> is based on Valmiki's teachings</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Valmiki_Samhita" title="Valmiki Samhita">Valmiki Samhita</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Composing the <i>Ramayana</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lava_(Ramayana)" title="Lava (Ramayana)">Lava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kusha_(Ramayana)" title="Kusha (Ramayana)">Kusha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Honors</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Adi Kavi</li> <li>Maharishi</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Valmiki</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">वाल्मीकि</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Sanskrit">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Vālmīki</i></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">[ʋɑːlmiːki]</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a legendary poet who is celebrated as the traditional author of the epic <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>, based on the attribution in the text itself.<sup id="cite_ref-ISD2000_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISD2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Golgman1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golgman1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is revered as <i>Ādi Kavi</i>, the first poet, author of <i>Ramayana</i>, the first epic poem. </p><p>The <i>Ramayana</i>, originally written by Valmiki, consists of 24,000 <a href="/wiki/Shloka" title="Shloka">shlokas</a> and seven <a href="/wiki/Canto" title="Canto">cantos</a> (kaṇḍas).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Ramayana</i></span> is composed of about 480,002 words, being a quarter of the length of the full text of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> or about four times the length of the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>. The <i>Ramayana</i> tells the story of a prince, <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> of the city of <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_(Ramayana)" title="Ayodhya (Ramayana)">Ayodhya</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kosala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosala">Kingdom of Kosala</a>, whose wife <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a> is abducted by <a href="/wiki/Ravana" title="Ravana">Ravana</a>, the demon-king (<a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Rakshasa</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Lanka" title="Lanka">Lanka</a>. The scholars' estimates for the earliest stage of the text ranging from the 8th to 4th centuries BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mumbai_mirror_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mumbai_mirror-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later stages extending up to the 3rd century CE,<sup id="cite_ref-Brockington1998_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brockington1998-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although original date of composition is unknown. As with many traditional epics, it has gone through a process of interpolations and redactions, making it impossible to date accurately. </p><p>British satirist <a href="/wiki/Aubrey_Menen" title="Aubrey Menen">Aubrey Menen</a> says that Valmiki was "recognized as a literary genius," and thus was considered, "an outlaw," presumably because of his "<a href="/wiki/Philosophic_scepticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophic scepticism">philosophic scepticism</a>,"<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of an "Indian Enlightenment" period.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Valmiki is also quoted as being the contemporary of Rama. Menen claims Valmiki is "the first author in all history to bring himself into his own composition."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narada_visits_Valmiki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Narada_visits_Valmiki.jpg/250px-Narada_visits_Valmiki.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Narada_visits_Valmiki.jpg/375px-Narada_visits_Valmiki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Narada_visits_Valmiki.jpg/500px-Narada_visits_Valmiki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1111" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>The youthful sage <a href="/wiki/Narada" title="Narada">Narada</a> at the white-bearded Valmiki's hermitage</figcaption></figure><p>Valmiki was born as <b>Agni Sharma</b> to a <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> named Pracheta (also known as Sumali) of <a href="/wiki/Bhrigu" title="Bhrigu">Bhrigu</a> gotra.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to legend he once met the great sage <a href="/wiki/Narada" title="Narada">Narada</a> and had a discourse with him on his duties. Moved by Narada's words, Agni Sharma began to perform penance and chanted the word "Mara" which meant "die". As he performed his penance for several years, the word became "Rama",<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a name of the god Vishnu. Huge anthills formed around Agni Sharma and this earned him the name of Valmiki. Agni Sharma, rechristened as Valmiki, learnt the scriptures from Narada and became the foremost of ascetics, revered by everyone. </p><p>There also exist some legends about Valmiki having been a thief before turning into a rishi. The Nagara Khanda of the <a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a> in its section on the creation of Mukhara Tirtha mentions that Valmiki was born a <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a>, with the name of Lohajangha and was a devoted son to his parents. He had a beautiful wife and both of them were faithful to each other. Once, when there was no rain in the region of <a href="/wiki/Anarta" title="Anarta">Anarta</a>, for twelve long years, Lohajangha, for the sake of his hungry family, started robbing people that he found in the forest. In the course of this life he met the seven sages or the <a href="/wiki/Saptarishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saptarishi">Saptarishi</a> and tried to rob them as well. But the learned sages felt pity on him and showed him the folly of his ways. One of them, <a href="/wiki/Pulaha" title="Pulaha">Pulaha</a> gave him a Mantra to meditate upon and the Brahmin turned thief got so engrossed in its recitation that ant-hills came up around his body. When the sages returned and heard the sound of the mantra coming from the ant-hill, they blessed him and said, "Since you achieved great Siddhi seated within a Valmīka (an anthill), you will become well-known in the world as Vālmīki."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_first_shloka">The first shloka</h2></div> <p>Valmiki was going to the river Ganges for his daily ablutions. A disciple by the name <a href="/wiki/Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadwaja</a> was carrying his clothes. On the way, they came across the <a href="/wiki/Tamsa_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamsa river">Tamasa</a> Stream. Looking at the stream, Valmiki said to his disciple, "Look, how clear is this water, like the mind of a good man! I will bathe here today." When he was looking for a suitable place to step into the stream, he saw a <a href="/wiki/Crane_(bird)" title="Crane (bird)">crane</a> couple mating. Valmiki felt very pleased on seeing the happy birds. Suddenly, hit by an arrow, the male bird died on the spot. Filled by sorrow, its mate screamed in agony and died of shock. Valmiki's heart melted at this pitiful sight. He looked around to find out who had shot the bird. He saw a hunter with a bow and arrows, nearby. Valmiki became very angry. His lips opened and he cried out, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>मा निषाद प्रतिष्ठां त्वमगमः शाश्वतीः समाः।<br /> यत्क्रौञ्चमिथुनादेकमवधीः काममोहितम्॥'<br /> <br /> <i>mā niṣāda pratiṣṭhā tvamagamaḥ śāśvatīḥ samāḥ</i><br /> <i>yat krauñcamithunādekam avadhīḥ kāmamohitam</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <br /> You will find no rest for the long years of Eternity<br /> For you killed a bird in love and unsuspecting<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Emerging spontaneously from Valmiki's rage and grief, this couplet is considered the first <a href="/wiki/Sloka_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sloka meter">shloka</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_literature" title="Sanskrit literature">Sanskrit literature</a>. Valmiki later composed the entire <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i> in the same meter. Valmiki is revered as <i>Adi Kavi</i> (the first poet); the <i>Ramayana</i> is revered as the first <a href="/wiki/Kavya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kavya">kavya</a> (poem). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_Ramayana">Role in <i>Ramayana</i></h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravivarmapress_Rama_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ravivarmapress_Rama_family.jpg/192px-Ravivarmapress_Rama_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ravivarmapress_Rama_family.jpg/289px-Ravivarmapress_Rama_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ravivarmapress_Rama_family.jpg/385px-Ravivarmapress_Rama_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="1447" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a> on the throne, their children <a href="/wiki/Lava_(Ramayana)" title="Lava (Ramayana)">Lava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kusha_(Ramayana)" title="Kusha (Ramayana)">Kusha</a> on their laps. Behind the throne, <a href="/wiki/Lakshmana" title="Lakshmana">Lakshmana</a>, Bharata and <a href="/wiki/Shatrughna" title="Shatrughna">Shatrughna</a> stand. <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a> bows to Rama before the throne. Valmiki to the left.</figcaption></figure> <p>Valmiki played an important role in <i>Uttarakāṇḍa,</i> the last chapter of the epic <i>Ramayana</i>. The <i>Uttarakāṇḍa</i> may not have been originally worked by Valmiki. The scholars Robert and Sally Goldman, for example, have pointed out: "Much of the narrative focuses on figures other than Rāma and is narrated only indirectly by Vālmīki, being placed in the mouths of other figures such as Agastya."<sup id="cite_ref-uttara_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uttara-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed to have been taken up from <i>Sesha Ramayana.</i> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> According to the legend, Rama sent Sita to the forest. Sita finds refuge in Sage Valmiki's ashram, where she gives birth to twin boys <a href="/wiki/Lava_(Ramayana)" title="Lava (Ramayana)">Lava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kusha_(Ramayana)" title="Kusha (Ramayana)">Kusha</a>. Lava and Kusha were Valmiki's first disciples, to whom he taught the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Balakanda" title="Balakanda">Bala Kanda</a> of the epic also tells the story of Valmiki narrating the Ramayana to Lava and Kusha, who become his disciples.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_Mahabharata">Role in <i>Mahabharata</i></h2></div><p> Valmiki was alive during the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>, and he was one of the many sages that visited <a href="/wiki/Yudhisthira" class="mw-redirect" title="Yudhisthira">Yudhisthira</a> after the war. He told Yudhisthira the benefits of worshipping <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>. Once upon a time, some ascetic possessors of the <a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">homa</a> fire<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (May 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> cursed Valmiki as guilty of <a href="/wiki/Brahmahatya" title="Brahmahatya">brahminicide</a>. The sin possessed him as soon as he was cursed. So he prayed to Shiva and he became cleansed of all his sins. Valmiki told Yudhisthira that he should also pray to Shiva like him.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermitage_of_Valmiki,_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_(Adventures_of_Rama)_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hermitage_of_Valmiki%2C_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg/250px-Hermitage_of_Valmiki%2C_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hermitage_of_Valmiki%2C_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg/375px-Hermitage_of_Valmiki%2C_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hermitage_of_Valmiki%2C_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg/500px-Hermitage_of_Valmiki%2C_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption>Sita in Valmiki hermitage</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</h2></div> <p><i>Vishnudharmottara Purana</i> says that Valmiki was born in the <a href="/wiki/Treta_Yuga" title="Treta Yuga">Treta Yuga</a> as a form of <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a> who composed <i>Ramayana</i> and that people desirous of earning knowledge should worship Valmiki.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was later reincarnated as <a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a>, who composed the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitamanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramcharitamanas">Ramcharitamanas</a></i>, which was the <a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> version of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pragat_Diwas">Pragat Diwas</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pargat_Diwas" title="Pargat Diwas">Pargat Diwas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idol_of_Sage_Valmiki_at_center,_Lava_and_Kusha_on_both_sides_of_Valmiki,_the_horse_of_Ashwamedha_Yajna_of_Ram_at_left_corner,_and_Sita_on_the_right_corner,_at_the_Valmiki_Jayanti_celebration_at_Bihutali,_Duliajan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Idol_of_Sage_Valmiki_at_center%2C_Lava_and_Kusha_on_both_sides_of_Valmiki%2C_the_horse_of_Ashwamedha_Yajna_of_Ram_at_left_corner%2C_and_Sita_on_the_right_corner%2C_at_the_Valmiki_Jayanti_celebration_at_Bihutali%2C_Duliajan.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Idol_of_Sage_Valmiki_at_center%2C_Lava_and_Kusha_on_both_sides_of_Valmiki%2C_the_horse_of_Ashwamedha_Yajna_of_Ram_at_left_corner%2C_and_Sita_on_the_right_corner%2C_at_the_Valmiki_Jayanti_celebration_at_Bihutali%2C_Duliajan.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Idol_of_Sage_Valmiki_at_center%2C_Lava_and_Kusha_on_both_sides_of_Valmiki%2C_the_horse_of_Ashwamedha_Yajna_of_Ram_at_left_corner%2C_and_Sita_on_the_right_corner%2C_at_the_Valmiki_Jayanti_celebration_at_Bihutali%2C_Duliajan.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3939" data-file-height="2954" /></a><figcaption>Idol of Sage Valmiki at center, <a href="/wiki/Lava_(Ramayana)" title="Lava (Ramayana)">Lava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kusha_(Ramayana)" title="Kusha (Ramayana)">Kusha</a> on both sides of Valmiki, the horse of <a href="/wiki/Ashvamedha" title="Ashvamedha">Ashwamedha Yajna</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> at left corner, and <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a> on the right corner, at the Valmiki Jayanti celebration at Bihutali, <a href="/wiki/Duliajan" title="Duliajan">Duliajan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The full moon day of Hindu month of <a href="/wiki/Ashvin_(month)" title="Ashvin (month)">Ashvin</a> is celebrated as the birth anniversary of the poet. The day is also known as <a href="/wiki/Pargat_Diwas" title="Pargat Diwas">Pargat Diwas</a> or Valmiki Jayanti, and is a major festival of the followers of the <a href="/wiki/Balmikism" title="Balmikism">Balmiki</a> religious sect of Hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temples">Temples</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Balmiki_sect" class="mw-redirect" title="Balmiki sect">Balmiki sect</a> of Hinduism reveres Valmiki, where he is also known as <b>Lal Beg</b> or <b>Bala Shah</b>, as a <a href="/wiki/Patron" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron">patron</a> saint, with a plethora of <a href="/wiki/Ashram_(Balmiki)" title="Ashram (Balmiki)">mandirs</a> (temples) dedicated to him.<sup id="cite_ref-ISD2000_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISD2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2014_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2014-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Siddhar" title="Siddhar">Siddhar</a> tradition of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, Valmiki is known as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anaadifoundation.org/blog/parnika/siddhar-charithiram-vanmikar/">Vanmeegar</a> and is revered as one of the 18 esteemed <a href="/wiki/Siddhar" title="Siddhar">Siddhars</a> of yore.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ettukudi Murugan Temple, <a href="/wiki/Nagapattinam" title="Nagapattinam">Nagapattinam</a> is home to his <a href="/wiki/Jiva" title="Jiva">Jeeva</a> <a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An area in <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiruvanmiyur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruvanmiyur">Tiruvanmiyur</a> is believed to derive its name from Sage Valmiki, Thiru-Valmiki-Oor. There is a temple for Valmiki located in this place, which is believed to be 1300 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shree Valmiki Mata Maha Samsthana is a temple dedicated to Valmiki in Rajanahalli, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Valmiki_Ashram" title="Valmiki Ashram">Valmiki Ashram</a>, a site considered to be the original ashram of Valmiki, is located in <a href="/wiki/Chitwan_District" title="Chitwan District">Chitwan district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site is near the <a href="/wiki/Triveni_Dham" title="Triveni Dham">Triveni Dham</a> pilgrimage site.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> <p>Several Indian films have been made on the life of the poet, beginning with G. V. Sane's <i>Valmiki</i> (1921); it was followed by Surendra Narayan Roy's <i>Ratnakar</i> (1921), <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Dungan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellis Dungan">Ellis Dungan</a>'s <i>Valmiki</i> (1946), <a href="/wiki/Bhalji_Pendharkar" title="Bhalji Pendharkar">Bhalji Pendharkar</a>'s <i>Valmiki</i> (1946), <a href="/wiki/Sundar_Rao_Nadkarni" title="Sundar Rao Nadkarni">Sundarrao Nadkarni</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Valmiki_(1946_film)" title="Valmiki (1946 film)">Valmiki</a></i> (1946), <a href="/wiki/C.S.R._Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="C.S.R. Rao">C.S.R. Rao</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Valmiki_(1963_Kannada_film)" title="Valmiki (1963 Kannada film)">Valmiki</a></i> (starring <a href="/wiki/Dr._Rajkumar" title="Dr. Rajkumar">Rajkumar</a> 1963) and <i><a href="/wiki/Valmiki_(1963_Telugu_film)" title="Valmiki (1963 Telugu film)">Valmiki</a></i> (starring <a href="/wiki/N._T._Rama_Rao" title="N. T. Rama Rao">N. T. Rama Rao</a>; 1963), and Arvind Bhatt's <i>Sant Valmiki</i> (1991).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oberoi_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oberoi-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bhatt's film which starred <a href="/wiki/Suresh_Oberoi" title="Suresh Oberoi">Suresh Oberoi</a> in the title role remains unreleased after a case was filed against Oberoi for remarks deemed offensive by members of the <a href="/wiki/Valmiki_caste" title="Valmiki caste">Valmiki caste</a> in India.<sup id="cite_ref-oberoi_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oberoi-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki_Samhita" title="Valmiki Samhita">Valmiki Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmiki_caste" class="mw-redirect" title="Balmiki caste">Balmiki caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_Maha_Upanishad" title="Maithili Maha Upanishad">Maithili Maha Upanishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuhra" title="Chuhra">Chuhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmikeshwar_Nath_Mahadev_Mandir" title="Valmikeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir">Valmikeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"mara" repeated several times is -maramaramaramaramaramaramara- which may be read - as well as pronounced - as ramaramaramaramaramaramarama.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Valmiki is also known by devotees as Balmiki, Lal Beg and Bala Shah.<sup id="cite_ref-ISD2000_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISD2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-O'Brien2006_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Brien2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSrinivasha_Shastri" class="citation book cs1">Srinivasha Shastri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ValmikiRamayanaWithThreeCommentaries/page/n28/mode/1up?view=theater"><i>Ramayana of Valmiki-With Three Ancient Commentaries-: Tilaka of Rama, Ramayanasiromani of Sivasahaya and Bhusana of Govindaraja</i></a>. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ramayana+of+Valmiki-With+Three+Ancient+Commentaries-%3A+Tilaka+of+Rama%2C+Ramayanasiromani+of+Sivasahaya+and+Bhusana+of+Govindaraja&rft.pages=9&rft.au=Srinivasha+Shastri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FValmikiRamayanaWithThreeCommentaries%2Fpage%2Fn28%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/valmiki">"Valmiki"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015729/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/valmiki">Archived</a> 5 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Webster%27s_Unabridged_Dictionary" title="Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary">Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISD2000-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISD2000_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISD2000_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISD2000_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Encyclopaedia of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes</i>. Institute for Sustainable Development. 2000. p. 479. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-261-0655-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-261-0655-4"><bdi>978-81-261-0655-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Scheduled+Castes+and+Scheduled+Tribes&rft.pages=479&rft.pub=Institute+for+Sustainable+Development&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-261-0655-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Brien2006-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Brien2006_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2006" class="citation book cs1">O'Brien, John (2006). <i>The Construction of Pakistani Christian Identity</i>. Research Society of Pakistan. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-969-425-096-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-969-425-096-0"><bdi>978-969-425-096-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Construction+of+Pakistani+Christian+Identity&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Research+Society+of+Pakistan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-969-425-096-0&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golgman1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Golgman1_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValmiki,_Robert_P._Goldman1990" class="citation book cs1">Valmiki, Robert P. Goldman (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ramayanaofva01valm/page/14"><i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">The Ramayana of Valmiki</i></span>: An Epic of Ancient India</i></a></span>. Vol. 1. Princeton University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ramayanaofva01valm/page/14">14–15</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-01485-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-01485-X"><bdi>0-691-01485-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22International+Alphabet+of+Sanskrit+transliteration%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22sa-Latn%22%3EThe+Ramayana+of+Valmiki%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3A+An+Epic+of+Ancient+India&rft.pages=14-15&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-691-01485-X&rft.au=Valmiki%2C+Robert+P.+Goldman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Framayanaofva01valm%2Fpage%2F14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valmikiramayan.net/">"Valmiki Ramayan"</a>. <i>valmikiramayan.net</i>. Desiraju Hanumanta Rao & K. M. K. Murthy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913082833/https://www.valmikiramayan.net/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=valmikiramayan.net&rft.atitle=Valmiki+Ramayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvalmikiramayan.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldman198420–22_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldman1984">Goldman 1984</a>, p. 20–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mumbai_mirror-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mumbai_mirror_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPattanaik2020" class="citation web cs1">Pattanaik, Devdutt (8 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/was-ram-born-in-ayodhya/articleshow/77380259.cms">"Was Ram born in Ayodhya"</a>. <i>mumbaimirror</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814150318/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/was-ram-born-in-ayodhya/articleshow/77380259.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mumbaimirror&rft.atitle=Was+Ram+born+in+Ayodhya&rft.date=2020-08-08&rft.aulast=Pattanaik&rft.aufirst=Devdutt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmumbaimirror.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fwas-ram-born-in-ayodhya%2Farticleshow%2F77380259.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brockington1998-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brockington1998_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._L._Brockington1998" class="citation book cs1">J. L. Brockington (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HR-_LK5kl18C&pg=PA379"><i>The Sanskrit Epics</i></a>. BRILL. pp. 379–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10260-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10260-4"><bdi>90-04-10260-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sanskrit+Epics&rft.pages=379-&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=90-04-10260-4&rft.au=J.+L.+Brockington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHR-_LK5kl18C%26pg%3DPA379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Menen, Aubrey (1954). "Introduction", <i>The Ramayana</i>, p.4. Charles Scribner's Sons: New York. [ISBN unspecified]. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/54035716">54-35716</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Menen (1954). "The Indian Enlightenment", p.9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Menen (1954). "The Heritage of the Gluttons", p.81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVishwanath_S._Naravane1998" class="citation book cs1">Vishwanath S. Naravane (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DInXAAAAMAAJ&q=agnisharma"><i>Sages, Nymphs, and Deities: Excursions in Indian Mythology</i></a>. The Author. p. 86.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sages%2C+Nymphs%2C+and+Deities%3A+Excursions+in+Indian+Mythology&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=The+Author&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Vishwanath+S.+Naravane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDInXAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dagnisharma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b7gOBW8oDFgC"><i>History of Ancient India (a New Version) : From 7300 Bb To 4250 Bc</i></a>. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 2006. p. 720. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126906154" title="Special:BookSources/9788126906154"><bdi>9788126906154</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Ancient+India+%28a+New+Version%29+%3A+From+7300+Bb+To+4250+Bc&rft.pages=720&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9788126906154&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db7gOBW8oDFgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloudup.com/cYfWSvnuieF">"The Skanda Purana, Nagara Khanda, Chapter 124, Creation of Mukhara Tirtha"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210315224838/https://cloudup.com/cYfWSvnuieF">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Skanda+Purana%2C+Nagara+Khanda%2C+Chapter+124%2C+Creation+of+Mukhara+Tirtha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudup.com%2FcYfWSvnuieF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abebooks.fr/Skanda-Purana-Part-Ancient-Indian-Tradition/7588930100/bd"><i>The Skanda Purana, Part 17, (Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology Series, Vol. LXV)</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2002. p. 506. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030215237/https://www.abebooks.fr/Skanda-Purana-Part-Ancient-Indian-Tradition/7588930100/bd">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Skanda+Purana%2C+Part+17%2C+%28Ancient+Indian+Tradition+and+Mythology+Series%2C+Vol.+LXV%29&rft.pages=506&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publishers+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abebooks.fr%2FSkanda-Purana-Part-Ancient-Indian-Tradition%2F7588930100%2Fbd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rys/rys1002.htm">Sacred-Texts.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161207161728/http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rys/rys1002.htm">Archived</a> 7 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> IAST encoded transliteration (modified from original source to accurately reflect sandhi rules)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buck, William and van Nooten, B. A. <i>Ramayana</i>. 2000, page 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uttara-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uttara_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: The Complete English Translation,</i> ed. Robert P. Goldman and Sally J. Sutherland Goldman, Princeton Univ. Press, 2021, p. 19. ISBN 978-0-691-20686-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaoLitent2014" class="citation book cs1">Rao, T. S. Sha ma; Litent (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TRnDAgAAQBAJ&q=Lava+kusha"><i>Lava Kusha</i></a>. Litent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lava+Kusha&rft.pub=Litent&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=T.+S.+Sha+ma&rft.au=Litent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTRnDAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DLava%2Bkusha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m13/m13a018.htm">"The Mahabharata, Book 13: Anusasana Parva: Anusasanika Parva: Section XVIII"</a>. <i>sacred-texts.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124160511/https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m13/m13a018.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sacred-texts.com&rft.atitle=The+Mahabharata%2C+Book+13%3A+Anusasana+Parva%3A+Anusasanika+Parva%3A+Section+XVIII&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fhin%2Fm13%2Fm13a018.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mythology of Vishnu and His Incarnations</i> by Manohar Laxman Varadpande (2009), p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestatesman.com/when-is/tulsidas-jayanti-celebrated-1502905999.html">"When is Tulsidas Jayanti; why is it celebrated?"</a>. <i>The Statesman</i>. 4 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200709084404/https://www.thestatesman.com/when-is/tulsidas-jayanti-celebrated-1502905999.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Statesman&rft.atitle=When+is+Tulsidas+Jayanti%3B+why+is+it+celebrated%3F&rft.date=2020-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestatesman.com%2Fwhen-is%2Ftulsidas-jayanti-celebrated-1502905999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakhanpal2021" class="citation web cs1">Lakhanpal, Ujjwala (19 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thequint.com/lifestyle/valmiki-jayanti-2021-history-significance-and-puja-timings">"Valmiki Jayanti 2021 Date: History, Significance and Puja Timings"</a>. <i>TheQuint</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017163743/https://www.thequint.com/lifestyle/valmiki-jayanti-2021-history-significance-and-puja-timings">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheQuint&rft.atitle=Valmiki+Jayanti+2021+Date%3A+History%2C+Significance+and+Puja+Timings&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft.aulast=Lakhanpal&rft.aufirst=Ujjwala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thequint.com%2Flifestyle%2Fvalmiki-jayanti-2021-history-significance-and-puja-timings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalal2014-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2014_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalal2014" class="citation book cs1">Dalal, Roshen (2014). <i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i>. Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-277-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-277-9"><bdi>978-81-8475-277-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-81-8475-277-9&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=Roshen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anaadifoundation.org/blog/parnika/siddhar-charithiram-vanmikar">"Siddhar Charithiram Vanmikar"</a>. <i>anaadi.org/blog</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419020901/https://anaadifoundation.org/blog/parnika/siddhar-charithiram-vanmikar/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=anaadi.org%2Fblog&rft.atitle=Siddhar+Charithiram+Vanmikar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanaadifoundation.org%2Fblog%2Fparnika%2Fsiddhar-charithiram-vanmikar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soonyata.home.xs4all.nl/18siddhars.htm">"18 Siddhars"</a>. <i>satsang-darshan.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230512081309/https://soonyata.home.xs4all.nl/18siddhars.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=satsang-darshan.com&rft.atitle=18+Siddhars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoonyata.home.xs4all.nl%2F18siddhars.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/archive/">"Archive News"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210105105627/https://www.thehindu.com/archive/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Archive+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Farchive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbuslost.com/2015/01/maharishi-valmiki-temple-at.html">"Maharishi Valmiki temple"</a>. <i>Columbo Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191019124953/https://www.columbuslost.com/2015/01/maharishi-valmiki-temple-at.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbo+Post&rft.atitle=Maharishi+Valmiki+temple&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbuslost.com%2F2015%2F01%2Fmaharishi-valmiki-temple-at.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.karobardaily.com/news/34709">"माडीको मणि वाल्मीकि आश्रम चेपुवामा"</a>. <i>Karobar Daily</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017163000/https://www.karobardaily.com/news/34709">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Karobar+Daily&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.karobardaily.com%2Fnews%2F34709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nepalpatra.com/visit/98712/">"चितवनको वाल्मीकिको साधनाभूमि र सीता आएर बसेको स्थल वाल्मीकि आश्रम Nepalpatra"</a>. <i>nepalpatra.com</i>. 5 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017163003/https://nepalpatra.com/visit/98712/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nepalpatra.com&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE+Nepalpatra&rft.date=2020-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnepalpatra.com%2Fvisit%2F98712%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshish_RajadhyakshaPaul_Willemen2014" class="citation book cs1">Ashish Rajadhyaksha; Paul Willemen (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT315"><i>Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema</i></a>. Routledge. p. 315. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94318-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-94318-9"><bdi>978-1-135-94318-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Indian+Cinema&rft.pages=315&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-135-94318-9&rft.au=Ashish+Rajadhyaksha&rft.au=Paul+Willemen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSLkABAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oberoi-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oberoi_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oberoi_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Suresh Oberoi and Ors v. Dev Singh Assur and Ors</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liiofindia.org/in/cases/pb/INPBHC/1991/10311.html">[1991] INPBHC 10311</a> (1 February 1991), <a href="/wiki/Punjab_and_Haryana_High_Court" title="Punjab and Haryana High Court">High Court</a> (Punjab and Haryana, India)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman1984" class="citation book cs1">Goldman, R. P. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1gsmwgz"><i>The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India, Volume I: Balakāṇḍa</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1gsmwgz">j.ctt1gsmwgz</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a+of+V%C4%81lm%C4%ABki%3A+An+Epic+of+Ancient+India%2C+Volume+I%3A+Balak%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1gsmwgz%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=R.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1gsmwgz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValmiki" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Valmiki" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Valmiki">Valmiki</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource logo"><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works by or about <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Valmiki" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Valmiki">Valmiki</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/7984">Works by Valmiki</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Valmiki%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Valmiki%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Valmiki%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Valmiki%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Valmiki</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/1812">Works by Valmiki</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/18px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/28px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/37px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/21px-Draig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/32px-Draig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/42px-Draig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="475" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Mythology">Mythology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png/19px-Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png/29px-Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_kmessedwords.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Writing" title="Portal:Writing">Writing</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill_and_ink.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/19px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/29px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/38px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poetry" title="Portal:Poetry">Poetry</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/19px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/29px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Arts">Arts</a></li></ul></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Rishis_of_Hindu_mythology" title="Template:Rishis of Hindu mythology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rishis_of_Hindu_mythology" title="Template talk:Rishis of Hindu mythology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rishis_of_Hindu_mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rishis of Hindu mythology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rishis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">Rishis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Saptarishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saptarishi">Saptarshi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">1st (Svayambhuva) <a href="/wiki/Manvantara" title="Manvantara">Manvantara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marichi" title="Marichi">Marichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaha" title="Pulaha">Pulaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratu" title="Kratu">Kratu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulastya" title="Pulastya">Pulastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha" title="Vasishtha">Vasishtha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">2nd (Svarocisha) Manvantara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urja" class="mw-redirect" title="Urja">Urja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stambha_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stambha (sage) (page does not exist)">Stambha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prana_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prana (sage) (page does not exist)">Prana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dattoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dattoli (page does not exist)">Dattoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishabha_(Hinduism)" title="Rishabha (Hinduism)">Rishabha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nischara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nischara (page does not exist)">Nischara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvarivat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvarivat (page does not exist)">Arvarivat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">3rd (Uttama) Manvantara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaukundihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaukundihi (page does not exist)">Kaukundihi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurundi (page does not exist)">Kurundi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalaya (page does not exist)">Dalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sankha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sankha (page does not exist)">Sankha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravahita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pravahita (page does not exist)">Pravahita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mita_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mita (sage) (page does not exist)">Mita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sammita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sammita (page does not exist)">Sammita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">4th (Tapasa) Manvantara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jyotirdhama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jyotirdhama (page does not exist)">Jyotirdhama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithu" title="Prithu">Prithu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kavya_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kavya (sage) (page does not exist)">Kavya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaitra_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaitra (sage) (page does not exist)">Chaitra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agni_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agni (sage) (page does not exist)">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanaka (page does not exist)">Vanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pivara_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pivara (sage) (page does not exist)">Pivara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">5th (Raivata) Manvantara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirannyaroma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hirannyaroma (page does not exist)">Hirannyaroma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedasri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedasri (page does not exist)">Vedasri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urddhabahu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urddhabahu (page does not exist)">Urddhabahu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedabahu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedabahu (page does not exist)">Vedabahu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudhaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudhaman (page does not exist)">Sudhaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parjanya" title="Parjanya">Parjanya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahamuni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahamuni (page does not exist)">Mahamuni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">6th (Cakshusha) Manvantara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumedhas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumedhas (page does not exist)">Sumedhas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virajas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virajas (page does not exist)">Virajas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Havishmat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Havishmat (page does not exist)">Havishmat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttama_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uttama (sage) (page does not exist)">Uttama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhu_(sage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhu (sage) (page does not exist)">Madhu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhinaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abhinaman (page does not exist)">Abhinaman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahishnnu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahishnnu (page does not exist)">Sahishnnu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">7th (Vaivasvata) Manvantara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha" title="Vasishtha">Vasishtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Maharishi" title="Gautama Maharishi">Gautama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadvaja" title="Bharadvaja">Bharadvaja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Kumaras" title="Four Kumaras">Four Kumaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnivesha" title="Agnivesha">Agnivesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruni">Aruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtavakra" title="Ashtavakra">Ashtavakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astika_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika (Hinduism)">Astika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvan" title="Atharvan">Atharvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atreya" title="Atreya">Atreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aupamanyava" title="Aupamanyava">Aupamanyava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurva" title="Aurva">Aurva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatsara" title="Avatsara">Avatsara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhrigu" title="Bhrigu">Bhrigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhringi" title="Bhringi">Bhringi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmarshi" title="Brahmarshi">Brahmarshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chyavana" title="Chyavana">Chyavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadhichi" title="Dadhichi">Dadhichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devala" title="Devala">Devala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirghatamas" title="Dirghatamas">Dirghatamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvasa" title="Durvasa">Durvasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garga_(sage)" title="Garga (sage)">Garga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gritsamada" title="Gritsamada">Gritsamada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahnu" title="Jahnu">Jahnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mimansa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_Kambhoja" title="Sage Kambhoja">Kambhoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambu_Swayambhuva" title="Kambu Swayambhuva">Kambu Swayambhuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%E1%B9%87%C4%81da_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaṇāda (philosopher)">Kanada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanva" title="Kanva">Kanva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindama" title="Kindama">Kindama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutsa" title="Kutsa">Kutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomasha" title="Lomasha">Lomasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandavya" title="Mandavya">Mandavya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markandeya" title="Markandeya">Markandeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendra">Matsyendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrikanda" title="Mrikanda">Mrikanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachiketa" title="Nachiketa">Nachiketa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narada" title="Narada">Narada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parashara" title="Parashara">Parashara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajarshi" title="Rajarshi">Rajarshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikva" title="Raikva">Raikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renukacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Renukacharya">Renukacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishyasringa" title="Rishyasringa">Rishyasringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakayanya" title="Sakayanya">Sakayanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandipani" title="Sandipani">Sandipani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankriti" title="Sankriti">Sankriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyakama_Jabala" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyakama Jabala">Satyakama Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukra" title="Shukra">Shukra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuka" title="Shuka">Shuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upamanyu" title="Upamanyu">Upamanyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisampayana" title="Vaisampayana">Vaisampayana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vartantu" class="mw-redirect" title="Vartantu">Vartantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibhandaka" title="Vibhandaka">Vibhandaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC569;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rishis" title="Category:Rishis">Other Hindu sages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ramayana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ramayana" title="Template:Ramayana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ramayana" title="Template talk:Ramayana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ramayana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ramayana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ramayana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ikshvaku_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikshvaku dynasty">Ikshvaku dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dasharatha" title="Dasharatha">Dasharatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kausalya" title="Kausalya">Kausalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitra" title="Sumitra">Sumitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaikeyi" title="Kaikeyi">Kaikeyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharata_(Ramayana)" title="Bharata (Ramayana)">Bharata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmana" title="Lakshmana">Lakshmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatrughna" title="Shatrughna">Shatrughna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmila" title="Urmila">Urmila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandavi" title="Mandavi">Mandavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrutakirti" title="Shrutakirti">Shrutakirti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_(Ramayana)" title="Lava (Ramayana)">Lava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusha_(Ramayana)" title="Kusha (Ramayana)">Kusha</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramapanchayan,_Raja_Ravi_Varma_(Lithograph).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ramapanchayan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma_%28Lithograph%29.jpg/125px-Ramapanchayan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma_%28Lithograph%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ramapanchayan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma_%28Lithograph%29.jpg/188px-Ramapanchayan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma_%28Lithograph%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ramapanchayan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma_%28Lithograph%29.jpg/250px-Ramapanchayan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma_%28Lithograph%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4106" data-file-height="5712" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vanara" title="Vanara">Vanara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugriva" title="Sugriva">Sugriva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vali_(Ramayana)" title="Vali (Ramayana)">Vali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angada" title="Angada">Angada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_(Ramayana)" title="Tara (Ramayana)">Tara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum%C4%81" title="Rumā">Rumā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nala_(Ramayana)" title="Nala (Ramayana)">Nala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nila_(Ramayana)" title="Nila (Ramayana)">Nila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesari_(Ramayana)" title="Kesari (Ramayana)">Kesari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%B1jan%C4%81" title="Añjanā">Anjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaradhwaja" title="Makaradhwaja">Makaradhwaja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Rakshasa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ravana" title="Ravana">Ravana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibhishana" title="Vibhishana">Vibhishana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbhakarna" title="Kumbhakarna">Kumbhakarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrajit" title="Indrajit">Indrajit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshayakumara" title="Akshayakumara">Akshayakumara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atikaya" title="Atikaya">Atikaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabandha" title="Kabandha">Kabandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khara_(Ramayana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khara (Ramayana)">Khara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dushana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dushana">Dushana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandodari" title="Mandodari">Mandodari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanyamalini" title="Dhanyamalini">Dhanyamalini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavanasura" title="Lavanasura">Lavanasura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malyavan" title="Malyavan">Malyavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maricha" title="Maricha">Maricha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayasura" title="Mayasura">Mayasura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narantaka-Devantaka" title="Narantaka-Devantaka">Narantaka-Devantaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prahasta" title="Prahasta">Prahasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarama_(Ramayana)" title="Sarama (Ramayana)">Sarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subahu" title="Subahu">Subahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulochana_(Ramayana)" title="Sulochana (Ramayana)">Sulochana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumali" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumali">Sumali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shurpanakha" title="Shurpanakha">Shurpanakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tataka" title="Tataka">Tataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trijata" title="Trijata">Trijata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trishira" title="Trishira">Trishira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viradha" title="Viradha">Viradha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">Sages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahalya" title="Ahalya">Ahalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arundhati_(Hinduism)" title="Arundhati (Hinduism)">Arundhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadvaja" title="Bharadvaja">Bharadvaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_Kambhoja" title="Sage Kambhoja">Kambhoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Parashurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha" title="Vasishtha">Vasishtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishyasringa" title="Rishyasringa">Rishyasringa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valmiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Characters_in_the_Ramayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Characters in the Ramayana">Other figures<br />and concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmana_rekha" title="Lakshmana rekha">Lakshmana rekha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambavan" title="Jambavan">Jambavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaka" title="Janaka">Janaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushadhvaja" title="Kushadhvaja">Kushadhvaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatayu" title="Jatayu">Jatayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manthara" title="Manthara">Manthara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Sita" title="Maya Sita">Maya Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampati" title="Sampati">Sampati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabari" title="Shabari">Shabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanta" title="Shanta">Shanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravana_Kumara" title="Shravana Kumara">Shravana Kumara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedavati" title="Vedavati">Vedavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shambuka" title="Shambuka">Shambuka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_(legendary_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayodhya (legendary city)">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithila_(ancient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithila (ancient)">Mithila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandakaranya" title="Dandakaranya">Dandakaranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishkindha" title="Kishkindha">Kishkindha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka" title="Lanka">Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshadhiparvata" title="Oshadhiparvata">Oshadhiparvata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Books/Kandas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balakanda" title="Balakanda">Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_Kand" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayodhya Kand">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara%E1%B9%87ya-K%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da" title="Araṇya-Kāṇḍa">Aranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishkindha_Kanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kishkindha Kanda">Kishkindha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundara_Kanda" title="Sundara Kanda">Sundara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuddha_Kanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuddha Kanda">Yuddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Uttara Kanda">Uttara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Versions_of_Ramayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Versions of Ramayana">Versions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adbhuta_Ramayana" title="Adbhuta Ramayana">Adbhuta Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adhyathmaramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Adhyathmaramayanam">Adhyathmaramayanam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adhyatma_Ramayana" title="Adhyatma Ramayana">Adhyatma Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Ramayana" title="Ananda Ramayana">Ananda Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhanubhakta_Ramayana" title="Bhanubhakta Ramayana">Bhanubhakta Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADik%C4%81vya" title="Bhaṭṭikāvya">Bhaṭṭikāvya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilanka_Ramayana" title="Bilanka Ramayana">Bilanka Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hikayat_Seri_Rama" title="Hikayat Seri Rama">Hikayat Seri Rama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jagamohana_Ramayana" title="Jagamohana Ramayana">Jagamohana Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kakawin_Ramayana" title="Kakawin Ramayana">Kakawin Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Krittivasi_Ramayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Krittivasi Ramayana">Krittivasi Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maharadia_Lawana" title="Maharadia Lawana">Maharadia Lawana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Molla_Ramayanam" title="Molla Ramayanam">Molla Ramayanam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phra_Lak_Phra_Ram" title="Phra Lak Phra Ram">Phra Lak Phra Ram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Ramayana" title="Raghunatha Ramayana">Raghunatha Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramakien" title="Ramakien">Ramakien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana_Kalpavruksham" title="Ramayana Kalpavruksham">Ramayana Kalpavruksham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ranganatha_Ramayanamu" title="Ranganatha Ramayanamu">Ranganatha Ramayanamu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reamker" title="Reamker">Reamker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saptakanda_Ramayana" title="Saptakanda Ramayana">Saptakanda Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramayana_Darshanam" title="Sri Ramayana Darshanam">Sri Ramayana Darshanam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramayanamu" title="Sri Ramayanamu">Sri Ramayanamu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trai_Bhet" title="Trai Bhet">Trai Bhet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yama_Zatdaw" title="Yama Zatdaw">Yama Zatdaw</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715607#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715607#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715607#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000393699422">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/288016626">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/52334/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118840274">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80036601">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11927528q">France</a></span></li><li><span 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