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sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=XML" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=XML" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Sumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=XML" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=XML" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istilah_penting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istilah_penting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istilah penting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istilah_penting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aksara_dan_lepasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aksara_dan_lepasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aksara dan lepasan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aksara_dan_lepasan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Aksara dan lepasan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aksara_dan_lepasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aksara_sah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aksara_sah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Aksara sah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aksara_sah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mengesan_pengekodan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mengesan_pengekodan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mengesan pengekodan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mengesan_pengekodan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lepasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lepasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Lepasan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lepasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ulasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ulasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Ulasan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ulasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kegunaan_antarabangsa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kegunaan_antarabangsa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Kegunaan antarabangsa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kegunaan_antarabangsa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purna_bentuk_dan_pengendalian_ralat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purna_bentuk_dan_pengendalian_ralat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Purna bentuk dan pengendalian ralat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purna_bentuk_dan_pengendalian_ralat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nota</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Isi Kandungan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">XML</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 78 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="لغة التوصيف القابلة للتوسعة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة التوصيف القابلة للتوسعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C" title="এক্সটেনসিভ মার্কআপ ল্যাংগুয়েজ – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এক্সটেনসিভ মার্কআপ ল্যাংগুয়েজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Extensible Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Extensible Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Extensible Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Extensible Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اکس‌ام‌ال – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکس‌ام‌ال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Extensible Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%B0" title="एक्स॰एम॰एल॰ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एक्स॰एम॰एल॰" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Extensible Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_Panufu_ya_Matini_(XML)" title="Lugha Panufu ya Matini (XML) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha Panufu ya Matini (XML)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD." title="എക്സ്.എം.എൽ. – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എക്സ്.എം.എൽ." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Extensible Markup Language" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Extensible Markup Language" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%85_%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%B5" title="ئێکس ئێم ئێڵ – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێکس ئێم ئێڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எக்ஸ்எம்எல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எக்ஸ்எம்எல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="เอกซ์เอ็มแอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอกซ์เอ็มแอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ایکس ایم ایل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایکس ایم ایل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Venetia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="XML" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2115#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/XML" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:XML" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/XML"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/XML"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/XML" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/XML" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=5210449" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=XML&id=5210449&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FXML"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FXML"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=XML"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=XML&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:XML" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2115" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="text-align: left; width: 23em; font-size: 85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b>Extensible Markup Language</b> </th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border: 0px solid #aaaaaa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:XML-ms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/XML-ms.svg/250px-XML-ms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/XML-ms.svg/315px-XML-ms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/XML-ms.svg/420px-XML-ms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sambungan_nama_fail" title="Sambungan nama fail">Sambungan fail</a>:</th><td><code>.xml</code></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jenis_media_Internet" title="Jenis media Internet">Jenis media Internet</a>:</th><td><code>application/xml, text/xml (lapuk)</code></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengecam_Jenis_Seragam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengecam Jenis Seragam (laman tidak wujud)">Pengecam Jenis Seragam</a>:</th><td>public.xml</td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">Dibangunkan oleh:</th><td><a href="/wiki/Konsortium_Jaringan_Sejagat" title="Konsortium Jaringan Sejagat">Konsortium Jaringan Sejagat</a></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">Jenis format:</th><td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_penanda" title="Bahasa penanda">Bahasa penanda</a></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">Diperluas daripada:</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=SGML&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SGML (laman tidak wujud)">SGML</a></td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">Diperluas kepada:</th><td><a href="/wiki/XHTML" class="mw-redirect" title="XHTML">XHTML</a>, <a href="/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atom_(piawai)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atom (piawai) (laman tidak wujud)">Atom</a>, ...</td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piawai_antarabangsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piawai antarabangsa (laman tidak wujud)">Piawai</a>:</th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/">1.0 (Fifth Edition)</a> 26 November 2008<span class="noprint">; 16 tahun yang lalu</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2008-11-26</span>)</span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/">1.1 (Second Edition)</a> 16 Ogos 2006<span class="noprint">; 18 tahun yang lalu</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2006-08-16</span>)</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>XML</b> (<i><b>Extensible Markup Language</b></i>, dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu" title="Bahasa Melayu">bahasa Melayu</a> <b>Bahasa Penanda Boleh Perluas</b>) ialah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_penanda" title="Bahasa penanda">bahasa penanda</a> yang disyorkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Konsortium_Jaringan_Sejagat" title="Konsortium Jaringan Sejagat">Konsortium Jaringan Sejagat</a> (W3C) untuk kegunaan umum dalam format yang boleh dibaca manusia dan boleh dibaca mesin. Ia didefinisikan dalam <i>XML 1.0 Specification</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang dikeluarkan W3C, dan beberapa spesifikasi berkaitan yang lain, <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang kesemuanya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piawai_terbuka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piawai terbuka (laman tidak wujud)">piawai terbuka</a> <a href="/wiki/Percuma" title="Percuma">percuma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sasaran reka bentuk XML menitikberatkan kesenangan penggunaan, keitlakan, dan kebolehgunaan menerusi <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia merupakan format data teks yang mempunyai sokongan kuat bagi bahasa-bahasa dunia melalui <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. Kendatipun reka bentuk XML tertumpu kepada dokumen, ia digunakan secara meluas bagi penggambaran <a href="/wiki/Struktur_data" title="Struktur data">struktur data</a> sebarangan yang terdapat, misalnya, dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkhidmatan_web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkhidmatan web (laman tidak wujud)">perkhidmatan web</a>. </p><p>Berbeza dengan bahasa penanda lain seperti <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, ia tidak melakukan apa-apa selain menyimpan data. Dalam kata lain, XML tidak memaparkan data, sebaliknya memegang data. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istilah_penting">Istilah penting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Istilah penting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Istilah penting"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahan yang ditampilkan di bahagian ini berlandaskan Spesifikasi XML. Ia bukan senarai menyeluruh kesemua binaan yang terdapat dalam XML dan hanya menunujukkan binaan-binaan penting yang sering ditemui dalam penggunaan seharian XML. use. </p> <dl><dt>Aksara (Unicode)</dt> <dd>Mengikut definisinya, sebuah dokumen XML ialah rentetan aksara. Hampir kesemua aksara <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> sah boleh hadir dalam dokumen XML.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Pemproses dan aplikasi</dt> <dd><i>Pemproses</i> menganalisis bahasa penanda dan memanjangkan maklumat berstruktur kepada sebuah <i>aplikasi</i>. Spesifikasi meletakkan keperluan tentang apa perlu dilakukan dan tidak boleh dilakukan pemproses, akan tetapi aplikasi berada di luar skop spesifikasi. Pemproses (seperti yang digelar spesifikasi) lazim dipanggil <i>XML parser</i> (penghurai XML) dalam bahasa basahan.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Bahasa penanda dan kandungan</dt> <dd>Aksara yang terkandung dalam dokumen XML dibahagikan kepada <i>bahasa penanda</i> dan <i>kandungan</i>. Kedua-dua ini dapat dibezakan melalui peraturan sintaksis mudah. Secara amnya, rentetan aksara yang menjadi penanda bermula sama ada dengan kod aksara <code><</code> dan akhir dengan <code>></code>, ataupun bermula dengan dengan aksara <code>&</code> dan berakhir dengan <code>;</code>. Rentetan aksara yang bukan penanda dikira kandungan. Namun, dalam seksyen CDATA, pembatas <code><![CDATA[</code> dan <code>]]></code> diklasifikasikan sebagai penanda, sementara teks di antara aksara-aksar tersebut diklasifikasikan sebagai kandungan. Tambahan, ruang putih sebelum dan selepas unsur yang paling luar diklasifikasikan sebagai penanda.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Teg</dt> <dd>Binaan penanda yang bermula dengan <code><</code> dan akhir dengan <code>></code>. Terdapat tiga jenis teg: <ul><li>Teg mula (<i>start-tags</i>); misalan: <code><section></code></li> <li>Teg akhir (<i>end-tags</i>); misalan: <code></section></code></li> <li>Teg unsur kosong (<i>empty-element tags</i>); misalan: <code><line-break /></code></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Unsur</dt> <dd>Sebuah komponen logik dokumen bermula sama ada dengan teg mula dan berakhir dengan teg akhir sepadan ataupun mengandungi hanya teg unsur osong. Aksara di-antara teg-teg mula dan akhir, jika ada, merupakan <i>kandungan</i> unsur tersebut, dan boleh mengandungi penanda termasuklah unsur-unsur lain yang digelar <i>unsur anak</i>. Sebuah contoh ialah <code><Greeting>Helo, dunia.</Greeting></code>. Sebuah lagi ialah <code><line-break /></code>.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Atribut</dt> <dd>Binaan penanda yang terdiri daripada pasangan nama/nilai yang terkandung dalam teg mula atau teg unsur kosong. Dalam contoh di bawah, unsur <i>img</i> memiliki dua atribut, <i>src</i> dan <i>alt</i>:</dd> <dd><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><img</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">"madonna.jpg"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">'Foligno Madonna, by Raphael'</span><span class="nt">/></span> </pre></div> Satu lagi contoh:</dd> <dd><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><step</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">number=</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="nt">></span>Sambungkan<span class="w"> </span>A<span class="w"> </span>kepada<span class="w"> </span>B.<span class="nt"></step></span> </pre></div> di mana nama atribut ialah <b>number</b> dan nilai ialah <b>3</b>.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Pengisytiharan XML</dt> <dd>Dokumen XML dapat bermula dengan mengisytiharkan maklumat tentang dokumen itu sendiri:</dd> <dd><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?></span> </pre></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aksara_dan_lepasan">Aksara dan lepasan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Aksara dan lepasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Aksara dan lepasan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dokumen XML terdiri sepeunuhnya daripada aksara set <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, dan melainkan beberapa bilangan kecil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksara_kawalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksara kawalan (laman tidak wujud)">aksara kawalan</a>, semua aksara yang didefinisikan oleh Unicode boleh hadir dalam dokumen XML. XML includes facilities for identifying the <i>encoding</i> of the Unicode characters that make up the document, and for expressing characters that, for one reason or another, cannot be used directly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aksara_sah">Aksara sah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Aksara sah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Aksara sah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Titik kod Unicode dalam julat berikut sah dalam dokumen XML 1.0:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>U+0009, U+000A, U+000D: ini merupakan kod kawalan <a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C0 and C1 control codes (laman tidak wujud)">C0</a> yang diterima dalam XML 1.0;</li> <li>U+0020–U+D7FF, U+E000–U+FFFD: ini mengetepikan <i>beberapa</i> (bukan semua) kod bukan aksara dalam <i>Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP)</i> (kesemua pengganti, U+FFFE dan U+FFFF tidak dibenarkan);</li> <li>U+10000–U+10FFFF: ini merangkumi <i>semua</i> titik kod dalam satah tambahan, termasuk yang bukan aksara.</li></ul> <p>XML 1.1<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> melanjutkan set aksara yang dibenarkan: di atas serta aksara dalam julat U+0001–U+001F. Pada masa yang sama, ia mengehadkan penggunaan aksara kawalan C0 dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kod_kawalan_C0_dan_C1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kod kawalan C0 dan C1 (laman tidak wujud)">C1</a> selain daripada U+0009, U+000A, U+000D, dan U+0085 dengan memerlukan kod-kod tersebut ditulis dalam bentuk lepasan by requiring them to be written in escaped form (misalannya, U+0001 perlu ditulis sebagai &#x01; ataupun kod yang setara). Dalam kes aksara C1, hambatan ini merupakan keserasian kebelakang; ia diperkenalkan bagi membolehkan ralat pengekodan dikesan. </p><p>Titik kod U+0000 merupakan satu-satunya aksara yang tidak dibenarkan dalam apa jua dokumen XML 1.0 ataupun 1.1. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mengesan_pengekodan">Mengesan pengekodan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Mengesan pengekodan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Mengesan pengekodan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Set aksara Unicode dapat dikodkan ke dalam bait bagi penstoran atau penghantaran dalam beberapa cara yang digelar "pengekodan". Unicode sendiri mendefinisikan pengekodan yang merangkumi seluruh repertoir; yang terkenal termasuklah <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=UTF-16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTF-16 (laman tidak wujud)">UTF-16</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terdapat banyak lagi pengekodan teks yang mendahului Unicode, <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 8859 (laman tidak wujud)">ISO/IEC 8859</a>; dalam hampir semua kes, repertoir aksara kod-kod ini merupakan subset repertoir aksara Unicode. </p><p>XML membenarkan penggunaan apa jua pengekodan yang didefinisi Unicode, dan juga pengekodan yang hadir dalam Unicode. XML juga menyediakan mekanisme di mana pemproses XML dapat, secara pasti dan tanpa pengetahuan terdahulu, menentukan pengekodan mana yang digunakan.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pengekodan selain daripada UTF-8 dan UTF-16 tidak semestinya dikenali oleh setiap penghurai XML. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lepasan">Lepasan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Lepasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lepasan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XML menyediakan kemudahan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jujukan_lepasan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jujukan lepasan (laman tidak wujud)"><i>lepasan</i></a> yang membolehkan kemasukan aksara-aksara yang sukar dimasukkan secara langsung. Misalnya: </p> <ul><li>Aksara-aksara "<" dan "&" merupakan penanda penting dan <i>tidak mungkin</i> hadir dalam kandungan di luar seksyen <a href="/w/index.php?title=CDATA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CDATA (laman tidak wujud)">CDATA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Beberapa pengekodan aksara hanya menyokong subset Unicode: misalnya, adalah sah jika mengekod XML dalam ASCII, tetapi ASCII tidak mempunyai titik kod bagi aksara Unicode seperti <b>é</b>.</li> <li>Berkemungkinan sesuatu aksara tidak dapat ditaip dengan mesin penulis.</li> <li>Beberapa aksara memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glif (laman tidak wujud)">glif</a> yang tidak boleh dibezakan daripada aksara lain. Contoh termasuk:</li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li>"non-breaking-space" (<code>&#xa0;</code>) " " <dl><dd>dibandingkan dengan "space" (<code>&#x20;</code>) " "</dd></dl></li> <li>"Cyrillic Capital Letter A" (<code>&#x410;</code>) "А" <dl><dd>dibandingkan dengan "Latin Capital Letter A" (<code>&#x41;</code>) "A"</dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Terdapat lima entiti pratakrif: </p> <ul><li><code>&lt;</code> mewakili "<"</li> <li><code>&gt;</code> mewakili ">"</li> <li><code>&amp;</code> mewakili "&"</li> <li><code>&apos;</code> mewakili '</li> <li><code>&quot;</code> mewakili "</li></ul> <p>Kesemua aksara Unicode yang dibenarkan boleh diwakili dengan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rujukan_aksara_angka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rujukan aksara angka (laman tidak wujud)">rujukan aksara angka</a></i>. Sebagai contoh, lihat aksara Cina "中", yang kod angkanya dalam Unicode ialah perenambelasan (<i>hexadecimal</i>) 4E2D, atau perpuluhan (<i>decimal</i>) 20,013. Pengguna yang empunya kekunci yang tidak boleh memasukkan aksara ini masih boleh memasukkannya ke dalam dokumen XML sama ada dengan menaip <code>&#20013;</code> atau <code>&#x4e2d;</code>. Sama juga, rentetan "<code>I <3 Jörg</code>" dapat dikodkan bagi kemasukan ke dalam dokumen XML dengan mengguna "<code>I &lt;3 J&#xF6;rg</code>". </p><p>Penggunaan "<code>&#0;</code>" tidak dibenarkan oleh sebab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksara_nol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksara nol (laman tidak wujud)">aksara nol</a> merupakan satu daripada aksara kawalan yang dikeluarkan daripada XML, mahupun rujukan aksara angka digunakan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mekanisme pengekodan lain, seperti <a href="/wiki/Base64" title="Base64">Base64</a> diperlukan bagi mewakilkan aksara-aksara sedemikian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ulasan">Ulasan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Ulasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ulasan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ulasan boleh hadir di mana-mana tempat dalam dokumen di luar penanda lain. Ulasan tidak boleh hadir sebelum pengisytiharan XML. Ulasan bermula dengan "<code></code>". Rentetan "<code>--</code>" (tanda sempang berganda) tidak dibenarkan dalam ulasan; ini bermaksud ulasan tidak boleh bersarang. <i>Ampersand</i> "&" tidak memiliki nilai bermakna dalam ulasan, jadi rujukan entiti dan aksara tidak diiktiraf, dan tidak ada jalan bagi mewakili aksara yang terkeluar dar set aksara pengekodan dokumen. </p><p>Contoh ulasan sah: "<code></code>" </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kegunaan_antarabangsa">Kegunaan antarabangsa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Kegunaan antarabangsa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kegunaan antarabangsa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="metadata mbox-small noprint selfref" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit;width: 22em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1px"></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="vertical-align:middle; font-size:95%;"><b>Rencana ini mengandungi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuan:Aksara_khas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantuan:Aksara khas (laman tidak wujud)">Bantuan:Aksara khas</a>.</b> Tanpa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuan:Aksara_khas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantuan:Aksara khas (laman tidak wujud)">pemberian sokongan</a> yang sewajarnya, anda mungkin melihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specials (Unicode block) (laman tidak wujud)">tanda tanya, kotak, atau simbol lain</a>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>XML 1.0 (Fifth Edition) dan XML 1.1 menyokong penggunaan secara langsung hampir kesemua aksara <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> dalam nama-nam unsur, atribut, ulasan, data aksara, dan pemprosesan arahan (melainkan yang mempunyai makna simbol khas dalam XML sendiri, seperti tanda "kurang dari", yakni "<"). Berikut ialah dokumen XML yang purna bentuk (<i>well-formed</i>) yang mengandungi aksara tulisan Cina dan Siril: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?></span> <span class="nt"><俄语></span>данные<span class="nt"></俄语></span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purna_bentuk_dan_pengendalian_ralat">Purna bentuk dan pengendalian ralat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Purna bentuk dan pengendalian ralat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Purna bentuk dan pengendalian ralat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spesifikasi XML mendefiniskan dokumen XML sebagai teks yang purna bentuk, yakni ia menepati keperluan peruturan sintaksis yang terkandung dalam spesifikasi. Senarai tersebut agak panjang; beberapa perkara penting termasuk: </p> <ul><li>Ia mengandungi aksara Unicode sah yang dikodkan dengan betul sahaja.</li> <li>Tiada aksara sintaksis khas seperti "<" dan "&" hadir kecuali apabila menjalankan fungsi membezakan penanda.</li> <li>Teg-teg mula, akhir dan unsur kosong yang mengehadkan unsur bersarang dengan betul dan tidak ada yang tidak hadir atau bertindih.</li> <li>Teg unsur sensitif huruf; teg-teg permulaaan dan akhir perlu sepadan. Nama-nama teg tidak boleh mengandungi aksara-aksara !"#$%&'()*+,/;<=>?@[\]^`{|}~, tidak boleh juga mengandungi aksara ruang, dan tidak boleh bermula dengan "-", ".", atau digit bernombor.</li> <li>Terdapat hanya satu unsur "akar" yang mengandungi semua unsur.</li></ul> <p>Justeru definisi <i>dokumen XML</i> mengetepikan teks yang melanggar perautuan purna bentuk. Pemproses XML yang menjumpai pelanggaran diwajibkan melapor ralat sedemikian dan berhenti memproses. An XML processor that encounters such a violation is required to report such errors and to cease normal processing. Polisi ini, yang kadang kalanya digelar sebagai drakonian, berlainan dengan perisian yang memproses <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, yang direka untuk menjana keputusan yang berpatutan mahupun terdapat ralat penanda yang teruk.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polisi XML dalam hal ini pernah dikritik sebagai melanggar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Postel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Postel (laman tidak wujud)">Hukum Postel</a> yang menyatakan, "Bersikap konservatif dalam apa yang dihantar; bersifat liberal dalam apa yang diterima".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nota">Nota</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Nota" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Nota"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6415981">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6405196">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">"XML 1.0 Specification"</a>. W3.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2010-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XML+1.0+Specification&rft.pub=W3.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2FREC-xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AXML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dblab.ntua.gr/~bikakis/XML%20and%20Semantic%20Web%20W3C%20Standards%20Timeline-History.pdf">"XML and Semantic Web W3C Standards Timeline"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2012-02-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XML+and+Semantic+Web+W3C+Standards+Timeline&rft.date=2012-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dblab.ntua.gr%2F~bikakis%2FXML%2520and%2520Semantic%2520Web%2520W3C%2520Standards%2520Timeline-History.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AXML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2002/copyright-documents-20021231">"W3C DOCUMENT LICENSE"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=W3C+DOCUMENT+LICENSE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FConsortium%2FLegal%2F2002%2Fcopyright-documents-20021231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AXML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-origin-goals">"XML 1.0 Origin and Goals"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada July 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XML+1.0+Origin+and+Goals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2FREC-xml%2F%23sec-origin-goals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AXML" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/#charsets">"Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition)"</a>. W3.org. 2008-11-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2012-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extensible+Markup+Language+%28XML%29+1.0+%28Fifth+Edition%29&rft.pub=W3.org&rft.date=2008-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2008%2FREC-xml-20081126%2F%23charsets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AXML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml11/#charsets">"Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1 (Second Edition)"</a>. W3.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2010-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extensible+Markup+Language+%28XML%29+1.1+%28Second+Edition%29&rft.pub=W3.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fxml11%2F%23charsets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AXML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2003/04/26/UTF">"Characters vs. Bytes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Characters+vs.+Bytes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbray.org%2Fongoing%2FWhen%2F200x%2F2003%2F04%2F26%2FUTF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AXML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-guessing">"Autodetection of Character Encodings"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Autodetection+of+Character+Encodings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2FREC-xml%2F%23sec-guessing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AXML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is allowed, but not recommended, to use "<" in XML entity values: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/#NT-AttValue">Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition): EntityValue definition</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-controls">"W3C I18N FAQ: HTML, XHTML, XML and Control Codes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=W3C+I18N+FAQ%3A+HTML%2C+XHTML%2C+XML+and+Control+Codes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FInternational%2Fquestions%2Fqa-controls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AXML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diveintomark.org/archives/2004/01/16/draconianism">"salinan arkib"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726002036/http://diveintomark.org/archives/2004/01/16/draconianism">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 2011-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2011-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=salinan+arkib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiveintomark.org%2Farchives%2F2004%2F01%2F16%2Fdraconianism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AXML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diveintomark.org/archives/2004/01/08/postels-law">"salinan arkib"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514120305/http://diveintomark.org/archives/2004/01/08/postels-law">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 2011-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2011-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=salinan+arkib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiveintomark.org%2Farchives%2F2004%2F01%2F08%2Fpostels-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AXML" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">Laman sesawang rasmi XML W3C</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:bold; color:#555" title="Bahasa (ms)">(Melayu)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teknologi-maklumat.com/wiki/XML">Ensiklokamus Teknologi Maklumat: XML secara ringkas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://codebeautify.org/xmlviewer">Untuk melihat XML</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jsonformatter.org/xml-formatter">memformat data XML</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jsonformatting.com/xml-format/">Pengurai XML online</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=5210449">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=5210449</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Pages_using_deprecated_source_tags&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Pages using deprecated source tags (laman tidak wujud)">Pages using deprecated source tags</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:XML" title="Kategori:XML">XML</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_dates" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: dates">CS1 errors: dates</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 22:54, 13 Ogos 2021.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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