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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 68 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فينكاترامان راماكريشنان – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فينكاترامان راماكريشنان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A3" title="ভেংকটৰমণ ৰামাকৃষ্ণণ – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভেংকটৰমণ ৰামাকৃষ্ণণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakri%C5%9Fnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrişnan – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrişnan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ونکاترامان راماکریشنان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ونکاترامان راماکریشنان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A8" title="বেঙ্কটরামন রামকৃষ্ণন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেঙ্কটরামন রামকৃষ্ণন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Венкатраман Рамакрышнан – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Венкатраман Рамакрышнан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Венкатраман Рамакришнан – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Венкатраман Рамакришнан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Venki Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ونکاترامان راماکریشنان – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ونکاترامان راماکریشنان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – skotsk gäliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gäliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Venki Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A4%EC%B9%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%8C_%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%88%EB%82%9C" title="벤카트라만 라마크리슈난 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벤카트라만 라마크리슈난" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Վենկատրաման Ռամակրիշնան – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վենկատրաման Ռամակրիշնան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8" title="वेंकटरामन रामकृष्णन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेंकटरामन रामकृष्णन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Venki Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%9F" title="ונקטרמן רמאקרישנן – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ונקטרמן רמאקרישנן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ವೆಂಕಟ್ರಾಮನ್ ರಾಮಕೃಷ್ಣನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವೆಂಕಟ್ರಾಮನ್ ರಾಮಕೃಷ್ಣನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვენკატრამან რამაკრიშნანი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვენკატრამან რამაკრიშნანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatr%C3%A1man_R%C3%A1makrisnan" title="Venkatráman Rámakrisnan – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Venkatráman Rámakrisnan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8" title="वेङ्कटरामन रामकृष्णन – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="वेङ्कटरामन रामकृष्णन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BB" title="വെങ്കടരാമൻ രാമകൃഷ്ണൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെങ്കടരാമൻ രാമകൃഷ്ണൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8" title="वेंकटरामन रामकृष्णन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वेंकटरामन रामकृष्णन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فينكاترامان راماكريشنان – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فينكاترامان راماكريشنان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ونکاترامان راماکریشنان – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ونکاترامان راماکریشنان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3" title="ヴェンカトラマン・ラマクリシュナン – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェンカトラマン・ラマクリシュナン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵੈਂਕਟਰਮਨ ਰਾਮਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਣਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੈਂਕਟਰਮਨ ਰਾਮਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਣਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ونکاترامان راماکرشنان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ونکاترامان راماکرشنان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рамакришнан, Венкатраман – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рамакришнан, Венкатраман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="वेङ्कटरामन् रामकृष्णन् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वेङ्कटरामन् रामकृष्णन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڤینکاترامان ڕاماکریشنان – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤینکاترامان ڕاماکریشنان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Венкатраман Рамакришнан – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Венкатраман Рамакришнан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="வெங்கட்ராமன் ராமகிருஷ்ணன் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெங்கட்ராமன் ராமகிருஷ்ணன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Венкатраман Рамакришнан – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Венкатраман Рамакришнан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="వెంకటరామన్ రామకృష్ణన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వెంకటరామన్ రామకృష్ణన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="เวงกัฏรามัน รามกฤษณัน – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวงกัฏรามัน รามกฤษณัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Венкатраман Рамакрішнан – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Венкатраман Рамакрішнан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="fn">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobelmedalj.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelpristagare i kemi 2009"><img alt="Nobelpristagare i kemi 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nobelmedalj.svg/20px-Nobelmedalj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nobelmedalj.svg/30px-Nobelmedalj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nobelmedalj.svg/40px-Nobelmedalj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Venki_Ramakrishnan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Venki_Ramakrishnan.jpg/250px-Venki_Ramakrishnan.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Venki_Ramakrishnan.jpg/375px-Venki_Ramakrishnan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Venki_Ramakrishnan.jpg/500px-Venki_Ramakrishnan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1772" /></a></span> <div style="">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, 24 november 2015.</div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a><sup id="cite_ref-0650573ccec1afe4c2ee254c16463837f7ff5c8f_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0650573ccec1afe4c2ee254c16463837f7ff5c8f-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a><sup id="cite_ref-e7f3887fc4e101a0c08cdfcca4170b802ecc033f_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e7f3887fc4e101a0c08cdfcca4170b802ecc033f-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Medborgare i</th><td class="kategori" style=""><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a><sup id="cite_ref-b6526c04a7f83306ba54e0df05658f49c6f89e34_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b6526c04a7f83306ba54e0df05658f49c6f89e34-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Utbildad vid</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharaja_Sayajirao_University_of_Baroda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda [inte skriven än]">Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda</a><sup id="cite_ref-d946511d65336054162d4006ef5ab350ff9650eb_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d946511d65336054162d4006ef5ab350ff9650eb-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohio_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ohio University [inte skriven än]">Ohio University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofie_doktor" title="Filosofie doktor">filosofie doktor</a>, <time datetime="1976">1976</time><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a><sup id="cite_ref-887cc789feaa061eedc185b77fe1f32e6ea7821f_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-887cc789feaa061eedc185b77fe1f32e6ea7821f-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60061?uselang=sv#P69"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Sysselsättning</th><td class="roll" style=""><a href="/wiki/Biolog" title="Biolog">Biolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biokemist" class="mw-redirect" title="Biokemist">biokemist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biofysiker" class="mw-redirect" title="Biofysiker">biofysiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kemist" title="Kemist">kemist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molekyl%C3%A4rbiolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekylärbiolog">molekylärbiolog</a><sup id="cite_ref-20fcdbff03f21121349f3bdfea6a4e22a835bf3c_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20fcdbff03f21121349f3bdfea6a4e22a835bf3c-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Befattning</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;">Ordförande för Royal Society<small> (2015–2020)</small></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Arbetsgivare</th><td class="org" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laboratory_of_Molecular_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laboratory of Molecular Biology [inte skriven än]">Laboratory of Molecular Biology</a><sup id="cite_ref-9bbf44f25216982a4598919ae0d87e5d858b7b9e_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9bbf44f25216982a4598919ae0d87e5d858b7b9e-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a><small> (1978–1982)</small><sup id="cite_ref-4d8f9b16c8d1e158b05163ce2073d87fffcb58b5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4d8f9b16c8d1e158b05163ce2073d87fffcb58b5-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookhaven_National_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory [inte skriven än]">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a><small> (1983–1995)</small><sup id="cite_ref-06bfb01bcfde791009dbd831a488a930639ef274_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-06bfb01bcfde791009dbd831a488a930639ef274-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Utah_School_of_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Utah School of Medicine [inte skriven än]">University of Utah School of Medicine</a><small> (1995–1999)</small><sup id="cite_ref-e0074cd80cbaa22c149dc9d61efb5707ca892187_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e0074cd80cbaa22c149dc9d61efb5707ca892187-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Föräldrar</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Rajalakshmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Rajalakshmi [inte skriven än]">R. Rajalakshmi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align:left">Utmärkelser</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Jeantet-priset_i_medicin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Jeantet-priset i medicin [inte skriven än]">Louis Jeantet-priset i medicin</a><small> (2007)</small><sup id="cite_ref-a574da38553d39fd695cca08b5d5b9be78993ca1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a574da38553d39fd695cca08b5d5b9be78993ca1-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_kemi" title="Nobelpriset i kemi">Nobelpriset i kemi</a><small> (2009)</small><sup id="cite_ref-c6007a2405648e6846a6d9ec3b14343db31da3fb_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c6007a2405648e6846a6d9ec3b14343db31da3fb-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-663a9137bb3ed64ee05f83cd464a9d7fc5142e65_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-663a9137bb3ed64ee05f83cd464a9d7fc5142e65-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Padma Vibhushan i vetenskap och teknik<small> (2010)</small><sup id="cite_ref-17ea0353291fdc404e181bfa4f144cc0a902aed8_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17ea0353291fdc404e181bfa4f144cc0a902aed8-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">Knight Bachelor</a><small> (2012)</small><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Hans_Krebs-medaljen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Hans Krebs-medaljen [inte skriven än]">Sir Hans Krebs-medaljen</a><small> (2012)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rtj%C3%A4nstorden" title="Förtjänstorden">Förtjänstorden</a><small> (2022)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Guggenheimstipendiet" title="Guggenheimstipendiet">Guggenheimstipendiet</a><sup id="cite_ref-19143ba0b708f1e1538241e3237c74f2cbd7e9be_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19143ba0b708f1e1538241e3237c74f2cbd7e9be-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=EMBO-medlemskap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMBO-medlemskap [inte skriven än]">EMBO-medlemskap</a><br />Hedersledamot av British Biophysical Society</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Webbplats</th><td class="" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/ribo/homepage/ramak/index.html">länk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left" class=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Redigera Wikidata</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</b>, född <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> i <a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a>, är en indisk-<a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">amerikansk</a> <a href="/wiki/Fysiker" title="Fysiker">fysiker</a> och <a href="/wiki/Biokemist" class="mw-redirect" title="Biokemist">biokemist</a>. År 2009 tilldelades han <a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_kemi" title="Nobelpriset i kemi">Nobelpriset i kemi</a> "för studier av <a href="/wiki/Ribosom" title="Ribosom">ribosomens</a> struktur och funktion", delat med <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Steitz" title="Thomas Steitz">Thomas Steitz</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada Yonath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laureates_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laureates-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rodnina_Wintermeyer_2010_pp._1–5_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodnina_Wintermeyer_2010_pp._1–5-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ramak_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ramak-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ramakrishnan är verksam (2021) vid Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) vid Cambridge Biomedical Campus, <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a> och är fellow vid <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nphd_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nphd-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-genemachine_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genemachine-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han var ordförande för <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> 2015-2020.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ramakrishnan föddes i en tamilsk brahminfamilj i Chidambaram i cuddaloredistriktet Tamil Nadu, Indien<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som son till C. V. Ramakrishnan och Rajalakshmi Ramakrishnan. Båda hans föräldrar var forskare, och hans far var chef för institutionen för <a href="/wiki/Biokemi" title="Biokemi">biokemi</a> vid <i>Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nobio_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobio-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cvramakrishnan_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cvramakrishnan-29"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vid tiden för hans födelse, gjorde hans far gör <a href="/wiki/Postdoktor" title="Postdoktor">postdoktoral</a> forskning tillsammans med <a href="/wiki/David_Greene" title="David Greene">David A. Green</a> på <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin-Madison</a> i USA.<sup id="cite_ref-nobio_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobio-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hans mor tog <a href="/wiki/Doktorsexamen" class="mw-redirect" title="Doktorsexamen">doktorsexamen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Psykologi" title="Psykologi">psykologi</a> vid <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-mumphd_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mumphd-30"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> på endast 18 månader, och handledd av Donald O. Hebb.<sup id="cite_ref-nobio_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobio-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lalita Ramakrishnan, hans yngre syster, är professor i <a href="/wiki/Immunologi" title="Immunologi">immunologi</a> och infektionssjukdomar vid Institutionen för medicin, <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Cambridge" title="Universitetet i Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och är medlem av <a href="/wiki/The_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="The National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ramakrishnan gjorde sina grundutbildningar vid Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda på ett nationellt science talent-stipendium, med en <a href="/wiki/Kandidatexamen" title="Kandidatexamen">kandidatexamen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fysik" title="Fysik">fysik</a> 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-ramak_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ramak-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vid den tiden var fysikkursen på Baroda ny och baserat delvis på Berkeley fysikkurser och Feynmans föreläsningar i fysik.<sup id="cite_ref-nobio_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobio-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Omedelbart efter examen flyttade han till USA, där han tog sin filosofie doktorsexamen i fysik vid Ohio University 1976 för forskning om övergången till ferroelektrisk fas av kaliumdihydrogenfosfat (KDP)<sup id="cite_ref-venkiphd_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venkiphd-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under handledning av Tomoyasu Tanaka.<sup id="cite_ref-physrevb_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-physrevb-34"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-toi_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toi-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-36"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Därefter tillbringade han två år som doktorand med studier i biologi på <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a> stunder soch gjorde en övergång från <a href="/wiki/Teoretisk_fysik" title="Teoretisk fysik">teoretisk fysik</a> till biologi.<sup id="cite_ref-iex_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iex-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ramakrishnan gifte sig 1975 med Vera Rosenberry, författare och illustratör av barnböcker.<sup id="cite_ref-nobio_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobio-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hans styvdotter, Tanya Kapka, är läkare i Oregon, och hans son, Raman Ramakrishnan, är en cellist baserad i New York.<sup id="cite_ref-family_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-family-38"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vetenskapligt_arbete">Vetenskapligt arbete</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vetenskapligt arbete" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vetenskapligt arbete"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ramakrishnan började arbeta med <a href="/wiki/Ribosom" title="Ribosom">ribosomer</a> som postdoktor med Peter Moore vid <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ramak_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ramak-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter hans postdoktorperiod, kunde han initialt inte finna någon fakultetsposition trots att han gjorde ansökningar till omkring 50 universitet i USA.<sup id="cite_ref-timesofindia.indiatimes.com_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesofindia.indiatimes.com-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Han fortsatte att arbeta med ribosomer från 1983 till 1995 i en forskargrupp vid <i>Brookhaven National Laboratory</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-brookhaven_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brookhaven-41"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> År 1995 flyttade han till <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a> som professor i <a href="/wiki/Biokemi" title="Biokemi">biokemi</a> och 1999 flyttade han till sin nuvarande position vid Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology i Cambridge, England, där han också hade varit gästforskare under 1991-92 på ett Guggenheimstipendium. </p><p>År 1999 publicerade Ramakrishnans laboratorium en upplösningsstruktur på 5,5 <a href="/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström">ångström</a> i 30S-underenheten. Följande år bestämde hans laboratorium den kompletta molekylära strukturen i 30S-underenheten av ribosomen och dess komplex med flera <a href="/wiki/Antibiotikum" title="Antibiotikum">antibiotika</a>. Detta följdes av studier som gav strukturella insikter om mekanismen som säkerställer återgivningen av proteinbiosyntes . År 2007 bestämde hans laboratorium atomstrukturen hos hela ribosomen i komplex med sina <a href="/wiki/Transfer-RNA" title="Transfer-RNA">tRNA</a>- och <a href="/wiki/Budb%C3%A4rar-RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Budbärar-RNA">mRNA</a>-ligander. Sedan 2013 har han använt cryo-EM för att främst arbeta med eukaryota och mitokondriella överföringar.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramakrishnanär också känd för sitt tidigare arbete med hisstone och kromatinstruktur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utmärkelser_och_hedersbetygelser"><span id="Utm.C3.A4rkelser_och_hedersbetygelser"></span>Utmärkelser och hedersbetygelser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Utmärkelser och hedersbetygelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Utmärkelser och hedersbetygelser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-08.jpg/190px-Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-08.jpg/285px-Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-08.jpg/380px-Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1699" data-file-height="2645" /></a><figcaption>Ramakrishnan på Nobelprisets presskonferens 2009.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ramakrishnan valdes till medlem av <i>European Molecular Biology Organization</i> (EMBO) 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-embo_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-embo-44"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fellow i <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> (FRS) 2003<sup id="cite_ref-frs_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-45"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och ledamot av <a href="/wiki/The_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="The National Academy of Sciences">U.S. National Academy of Sciences</a> 2004. År 2007 tilldelades Ramakrishnan Louis-Jeantet-priset för medicin<sup id="cite_ref-Louis-Jeantet_Prize_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Louis-Jeantet_Prize-46"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och Datta-föreläsningen och medaljen för Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS). År 2008 vann han <i>Heatley Medal of the British Biochemical Society</i>. Sedan 2008 är han fellow vid <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> och utländsk fellow vid <i>Indian National Science Academy</i>. År 2010 blev han ledamot av den <i>tyska vetenskapsakademin Leopoldina</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han valdes till hedersledamot vid <i>Academy of Medical Sciences</i> 2010 och har fått hedersexamen vid <i>Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a> och <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Cambridge" title="Universitetet i Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>. Han är också hedersdoktor vid Somerville College, Oxford.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> År 2020 valdes han in i <i>American Philosophical Society</i><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och samma år blev han styrelseledamot i The British Library.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>År 2009 tilldelades Ramakrishnan Nobelpriset i kemi tillsammans med Thomas A. Steitz och Ada Yonath.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han fick Indiens näst högsta civila hederstecken, <a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a>, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramakrishnan adlades i nyårshedern 2012 för tjänster till molekylärbiologi,<sup id="cite_ref-sirvenki_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sirvenki-53"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men använder i allmänhet inte titeln "Sir".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samma år tilldelades han Sir <i>Hans Krebs-medaljen</i> av FEBS. År 2014 tilldelades han <i>XLVI Jiménez-Díaz-prise</i>t av Fundación Conchita Rábago (Spanien) och 2017 fick han <i>Golden Plate Award</i> av <i>American Academy of Achievement</i>. Ramakrishnan rankades som en av 25 största globalt levande indier av NDTV Channel, Indien den 14 december 2013. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi_i_urval">Bibliografi i urval</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bibliografi i urval" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bibliografi i urval"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Gene Machine:The Race to Decipher the Secrets of the Ribosome</i> (Oneworld Publications,2018) <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/1-7860-7436-2" title="Special:Bokkällor/1-7860-7436-2">ISBN 1-7860-7436-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="plainlinks"><i>Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från <a href="/wiki/Engelskspr%C3%A5kiga_Wikipedia" title="Engelskspråkiga Wikipedia">engelskspråkiga Wikipedia</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venki_Ramakrishnan&oldid=1047673108">2 oktober 2021</a>.</i></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0650573ccec1afe4c2ee254c16463837f7ff5c8f-1"><a href="#cite_ref-0650573ccec1afe4c2ee254c16463837f7ff5c8f_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Munzinger Personen</i>, Munzinger person-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000028052">00000028052</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e7f3887fc4e101a0c08cdfcca4170b802ecc033f-2"><a href="#cite_ref-e7f3887fc4e101a0c08cdfcca4170b802ecc033f_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2009/oct/08/science/sci-nobel8"><span title="engelska">2 Americans, Israeli share Nobel Prize in chemistry</span></a></i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, 8 oktober 2009, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2009/oct/08/science/sci-nobel8">läs online</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b6526c04a7f83306ba54e0df05658f49c6f89e34-3"><a href="#cite_ref-b6526c04a7f83306ba54e0df05658f49c6f89e34_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/6269841/Cambridge-scientist-scoops-Nobel-Prize-for-Chemistry.html"><span title="engelska">Cambridge scientist scoops Nobel Prize for Chemistry</span></a></i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>, 7 oktober 2009, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/6269841/Cambridge-scientist-scoops-Nobel-Prize-for-Chemistry.html">läs online</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d946511d65336054162d4006ef5ab350ff9650eb-4"><a href="#cite_ref-d946511d65336054162d4006ef5ab350ff9650eb_4-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/msu-diary-with-sadhus-as-inventors-brings-disrepute-to-india-ex-student-nobel-laureate-venkatraman-ramakrishnan-4583018/"><span title="engelska">MSU diary with sadhus as inventors brings disrepute to India: Ex-student, Nobel Laureate</span></a></i> (på engelska), The Indian Express, 24 mars 2017, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/msu-diary-with-sadhus-as-inventors-brings-disrepute-to-india-ex-student-nobel-laureate-venkatraman-ramakrishnan-4583018/">läs online</a>, läst: 8 oktober 2018.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-887cc789feaa061eedc185b77fe1f32e6ea7821f-5"><a href="#cite_ref-887cc789feaa061eedc185b77fe1f32e6ea7821f_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/education/nobel-prize-2017-know-where-indias-nobel-laureates-studied-4872456/"><span title="engelska">Nobel Prize 2017: Know where India’s Nobel laureates studied</span></a></i> (på engelska), The Indian Express, 3 oktober 2017, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/education/nobel-prize-2017-know-where-indias-nobel-laureates-studied-4872456/">läs online</a>, läst: 8 oktober 2018.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20fcdbff03f21121349f3bdfea6a4e22a835bf3c-6"><a href="#cite_ref-20fcdbff03f21121349f3bdfea6a4e22a835bf3c_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tjeckiska nationalbibliotekets databas</i>, NKC-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20191050357">jo20191050357</a>, läst: 19 december 2022.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9bbf44f25216982a4598919ae0d87e5d858b7b9e-7"><a href="#cite_ref-9bbf44f25216982a4598919ae0d87e5d858b7b9e_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/group-leaders/n-to-s/venki-ramakrishnan/"><span title="engelska">Venki Ramakrishnan - mrc LABORATORY</span></a></i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/The_Salt_Lake_Tribune" title="The Salt Lake Tribune">The Salt Lake Tribune</a>, 11 oktober 2009, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/group-leaders/n-to-s/venki-ramakrishnan/">läs online</a>, läst: 27 augusti 2021.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4d8f9b16c8d1e158b05163ce2073d87fffcb58b5-8"><a href="#cite_ref-4d8f9b16c8d1e158b05163ce2073d87fffcb58b5_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="engelska">ORCID Public Data File 2023</span></i>, 27 september 2023, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.23640/07243.24204912.V1">10.23640/07243.24204912.V1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.figshare.com/articles/dataset/ORCID_Public_Data_File_2023/24204912">läs online</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pub.orcid.org/v3.0/0000-0002-4699-2194/employment/2766761">läs online</a>, läst: 10 november 2023.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-06bfb01bcfde791009dbd831a488a930639ef274-9"><a href="#cite_ref-06bfb01bcfde791009dbd831a488a930639ef274_9-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="engelska">ORCID Public Data File 2023</span></i>, 27 september 2023, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.23640/07243.24204912.V1">10.23640/07243.24204912.V1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.figshare.com/articles/dataset/ORCID_Public_Data_File_2023/24204912">läs online</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pub.orcid.org/v3.0/0000-0002-4699-2194/employment/2766765">läs online</a>, läst: 10 november 2023.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e0074cd80cbaa22c149dc9d61efb5707ca892187-10"><a href="#cite_ref-e0074cd80cbaa22c149dc9d61efb5707ca892187_10-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="engelska">ORCID Public Data File 2023</span></i>, 27 september 2023, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.23640/07243.24204912.V1">10.23640/07243.24204912.V1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.figshare.com/articles/dataset/ORCID_Public_Data_File_2023/24204912">läs online</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pub.orcid.org/v3.0/0000-0002-4699-2194/employment/2766768">läs online</a>, läst: 10 november 2023.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a574da38553d39fd695cca08b5d5b9be78993ca1-11"><a href="#cite_ref-a574da38553d39fd695cca08b5d5b9be78993ca1_11-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jeantet.ch/en/prix-louis-jeantet/laureats/2007-en/docteur-venki-ramakrishnan/">läs online</a>, <i>www.jeantet.ch</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c6007a2405648e6846a6d9ec3b14343db31da3fb-12"><a href="#cite_ref-c6007a2405648e6846a6d9ec3b14343db31da3fb_12-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2009/summary/"><span title="engelska">The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009</span></a>, Nobelprize.org</i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" title="Nobelstiftelsen">Nobelstiftelsen</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2009/summary/">läs online</a>, läst: 5 februari 2021.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-663a9137bb3ed64ee05f83cd464a9d7fc5142e65-13"><a href="#cite_ref-663a9137bb3ed64ee05f83cd464a9d7fc5142e65_13-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2019/04/prize-amounts-2020.pdf"><span title="engelska">Table showing prize amounts</span></a></i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" title="Nobelstiftelsen">Nobelstiftelsen</a>, april 2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2019/04/prize-amounts-2020.pdf">läs online</a>, läst: 5 februari 2021.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17ea0353291fdc404e181bfa4f144cc0a902aed8-14"><a href="#cite_ref-17ea0353291fdc404e181bfa4f144cc0a902aed8_14-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Padma-Vibhushan-for-P.C.-Reddy-Ramakrishnan-and-four-others/article16839963.ece"><span title="engelska">Padma Vibhushan for P.C. Reddy, Ramakrishnan and four others</span></a></i> (på engelska), The Hindu, 26 januari 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Padma-Vibhushan-for-P.C.-Reddy-Ramakrishnan-and-four-others/article16839963.ece">läs online</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19143ba0b708f1e1538241e3237c74f2cbd7e9be-15"><a href="#cite_ref-19143ba0b708f1e1538241e3237c74f2cbd7e9be_15-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Guggenheim fellow-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/venkatraman-ramakrishnan/">venkatraman-ramakrishnan</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/venkatraman-ramakrishnan/">läs online</a>, läst: 8 oktober 2018.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306113151/https://www.kva.se/sv/pressrum/Pressmeddelanden/Nobelpriset-i-kemi-2009/">”Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien: Nobelpriset i kemi 2009”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kva.se/sv/pressrum/Pressmeddelanden/Nobelpriset-i-kemi-2009/">originalet</a> den 6 mars 2021<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306113151/https://www.kva.se/sv/pressrum/Pressmeddelanden/Nobelpriset-i-kemi-2009/">https://web.archive.org/web/20210306113151/https://www.kva.se/sv/pressrum/Pressmeddelanden/Nobelpriset-i-kemi-2009/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 7 oktober 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Kungl.+Vetenskapsakademien%3A+Nobelpriset+i+kemi+2009&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20210306113151%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.kva.se%2Fsv%2Fpressrum%2FPressmeddelanden%2FNobelpriset-i-kemi-2009%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laureates-17"><a href="#cite_ref-laureates_17-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/">”2009 Chemistry Nobel Laureates”</a>. <i><span>2009 Chemistry Nobel Laureates</span></i>. Nobel Foundation. 2009<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=2009+Chemistry+Nobel+Laureates&rft.atitle=2009+Chemistry+Nobel+Laureates&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2009%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodnina_Wintermeyer_2010_pp._1–5-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Rodnina_Wintermeyer_2010_pp._1–5_18-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFRodninaWintermeyer2010">Rodnina, Marina V.; Wintermeyer, Wolfgang (2010). ”The ribosome goes Nobel”. <i>Trends in Biochemical Sciences</i> 35 (1): sid. 1–5. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tibs.2009.11.003">10.1016/j.tibs.2009.11.003</a></span>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962317?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:19962317">PMID 19962317</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+ribosome+goes+Nobel&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Biochemical+Sciences&rft.aulast=Rodnina&rft.aufirst=Marina+V.&rft.au=Rodnina%2C+Marina+V.&rft.au=Wintermeyer%2C+Wolfgang&rft.date=2010&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B1%E2%80%935&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.tibs.2009.11.003&rft_id=info:pmid/19962317&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ramak-19">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-ramak_19-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ramak_19-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ramak_19-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/ribo/homepage/ramak/">”Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan”</a>. <i><span>Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan</span></i>. University of Cambridge<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/ribo/homepage/ramak/">http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/ribo/homepage/ramak/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&rft.atitle=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk%2Fribo%2Fhomepage%2Framak%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/ramakrishnan-interview.html">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan Audio Interview</a> Official Nobel Foundation website telephone interview</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFNair2011">Nair, Prashant (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3179092">”Profile of Venkatraman Ramakrishnan”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a></i> 108 (38): sid. 15676–15678. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1113044108">10.1073/pnas.1113044108</a></span>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21914843?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:21914843">PMID 21914843</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..10815676N">2011PNAS..10815676N</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Profile+of+Venkatraman+Ramakrishnan&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BProceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=Prashant&rft.au=Nair%2C+Prashant&rft.date=2011&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B15676%E2%80%9315678&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1113044108&rft_id=info:pmid/21914843&rft_id=info:bibcode/2011PNAS..10815676N&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mall:Open_access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mall:Open access [inte skriven än]">Mall:Open access</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-22"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_22-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-31869779">”Biologist Venki Ramakrishnan to lead Royal Society”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i> (London). 2015-03-18<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-31869779">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-31869779</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biologist+Venki+Ramakrishnan+to+lead+Royal+Society&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BBBC+News%5D%5D&rft.date=2015-03-18&rft.place=London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-31869779&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nphd-23"><a href="#cite_ref-nphd_23-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">James, Nathan Rhys (2017). Structural insights into noncanonical mechanisms of translation. cam.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. doi:10.17863/CAM.13713. OCLC 1064932062. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.725540. Free to read</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Venki Ramakrishnan <span class="official website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/ribo/homepage/ramak/index.html">Officiell webbplats</a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-genemachine-25"><a href="#cite_ref-genemachine_25-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFRamakrishnan2018">Ramakrishnan, Venki (2018). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oneworld-publications.com/gene-machine-hb.html">Gene machine. The race to decipher the secrets of the ribosome</a></i>. London: Oneworld. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9781786074362" title="Special:Bokkällor/9781786074362">ISBN 9781786074362</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1080631601">1080631601</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://oneworld-publications.com/gene-machine-hb.html">https://oneworld-publications.com/gene-machine-hb.html</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gene+machine.+The+race+to+decipher+the+secrets+of+the+ribosome&rft.aulast=Ramakrishnan&rft.aufirst=Venki&rft.au=Ramakrishnan%2C+Venki&rft.date=2018&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oneworld&rft_id=info:oclcnum/1080631601&rft.isbn=9781786074362&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foneworld-publications.com%2Fgene-machine-hb.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327222844/https://oneworld-publications.com/gene-machine-hb.html">Arkiverad</a> 27 mars 2019 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFPeplow2015">Peplow, M. (2015). ”Structural biologist named president of UK Royal Society”. <i>Nature</i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2015.17153">10.1038/nature.2015.17153</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Structural+biologist+named+president+of+UK+Royal+Society&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.aulast=Peplow&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Peplow%2C+M.&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature.2015.17153&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-5099742,prtpage-1.cms">”Common root: Tamil Nadu gets its third laureate”</a>. <i>Times of India</i>. TNN. 8 October 2009<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-5099742,prtpage-1.cms">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-5099742,prtpage-1.cms</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Common+root%3A+Tamil+Nadu+gets+its+third+laureate&rft.jtitle=Times+of+India&rft.date=8+October+2009&rft.series=TNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Farticleshow%2Fmsid-5099742%2Cprtpage-1.cms&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobio-28">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-nobio_28-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobio_28-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobio_28-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobio_28-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobio_28-4"><small>e</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/ramakrishnan-bio.html">”Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – Biography: From Chidambaram to Cambridge: A Life in Science”</a>. <i><span>nobelprize.org</span></i>. Stockholm<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/ramakrishnan-bio.html">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/ramakrishnan-bio.html</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Venkatraman+Ramakrishnan+%E2%80%93+Biography%3A+From+Chidambaram+to+Cambridge%3A+A+Life+in+Science&rft.atitle=nobelprize.org&rft.place=Stockholm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2009%2Framakrishnan-bio.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cvramakrishnan-29"><a href="#cite_ref-cvramakrishnan_29-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFRamakrishnanBanerjee1951">Ramakrishnan, C. V.; Banerjee, B. N. (1951). ”Mould Lipase: Effect of Addition of Vitamins and Sterol to the Cake Medium on the Growth and the Activity of the Lipolytic Mould”. <i>Nature</i> 168 (4282): sid. 917–918. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F168917a0">10.1038/168917a0</a></span>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14899529?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:14899529">PMID 14899529</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1951Natur.168..917R">1951Natur.168..917R</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mould+Lipase%3A+Effect+of+Addition+of+Vitamins+and+Sterol+to+the+Cake+Medium+on+the+Growth+and+the+Activity+of+the+Lipolytic+Mould&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.aulast=Ramakrishnan&rft.aufirst=C.+V.&rft.au=Ramakrishnan%2C+C.+V.&rft.au=Banerjee%2C+B.+N.&rft.date=1951&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=4282&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B917%E2%80%93918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F168917a0&rft_id=info:pmid/14899529&rft_id=info:bibcode/1951Natur.168..917R&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mumphd-30"><a href="#cite_ref-mumphd_30-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Ramakrishnan, Rajalakshmi (1959). Comparative Effects of Successive and Simultaneous Presentation on Transfer in Verbal Learning (PhD thesis). McGill University. ProQuest 301865011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.med.cam.ac.uk/ramakrishnan/">”Lalita Ramakrishnan Home page in Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge”</a>. <i><span>Lalita Ramakrishnan Home page in Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.med.cam.ac.uk/ramakrishnan/">http://www.med.cam.ac.uk/ramakrishnan/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Lalita+Ramakrishnan+Home+page+in+Department+of+Medicine%2C+University+of+Cambridge&rft.atitle=Lalita+Ramakrishnan+Home+page+in+Department+of+Medicine%2C+University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.med.cam.ac.uk%2Framakrishnan%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cam.ac.uk/for-staff/awards/lalita-ramakrishnan-elected-to-the-us-national-academy-of-sciences">”Lalita Ramakrishnan elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences”</a>. University of Cambridge<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cam.ac.uk/for-staff/awards/lalita-ramakrishnan-elected-to-the-us-national-academy-of-sciences">http://www.cam.ac.uk/for-staff/awards/lalita-ramakrishnan-elected-to-the-us-national-academy-of-sciences</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Lalita+Ramakrishnan+elected+to+the+U.S.+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cam.ac.uk%2Ffor-staff%2Fawards%2Flalita-ramakrishnan-elected-to-the-us-national-academy-of-sciences&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-venkiphd-33"><a href="#cite_ref-venkiphd_33-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Ramakrishnan, Venkatraman (1976). The Green function theory of the ferroelectric phase transition in KDP (PhD thesis). Ohio University. OCLC 3079828. ProQuest 302809453.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-physrevb-34"><a href="#cite_ref-physrevb_34-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFRamakrishnanTanaka1977">Ramakrishnan, Venkatraman; Tanaka, Tomoyasu (1977). ”Green's-function theory of the ferroelectric phase transition in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)”. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_Review_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical Review B [inte skriven än]">Physical Review B</a></i> 16 (1): sid. 422–426. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevb.16.422">10.1103/physrevb.16.422</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977PhRvB..16..422R">1977PhRvB..16..422R</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Green%27s-function+theory+of+the+ferroelectric+phase+transition+in+potassium+dihydrogen+phosphate+%28KDP%29&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BPhysical+Review+B%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Ramakrishnan&rft.aufirst=Venkatraman&rft.au=Ramakrishnan%2C+Venkatraman&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+Tomoyasu&rft.date=1977&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B422%E2%80%93426&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2Fphysrevb.16.422&rft_id=info:bibcode/1977PhRvB..16..422R&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toi-35"><a href="#cite_ref-toi_35-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-5098151,prtpage-1.cms">”Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: a profile”</a>. <i>Times of India</i>. 2009-10-07<span 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2009-10-07<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=USTRE5962EE20091007">https://www.reuters.com/articlePrint?articleId=USTRE5962EE20091007</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Factbox%3A+Nobel+chemistry+prize%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%93+Who+are+the+winners%3F&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2FarticlePrint%3FarticleId%3DUSTRE5962EE20091007&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iex-37"><a href="#cite_ref-iex_37-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/story-print/526251/">”Profile: Dr Venkatraman Ramakrishnan”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Express&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Express [inte skriven än]">Indian Express</a></i>. 7 October 2009<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/story-print/526251/">http://www.indianexpress.com/story-print/526251/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Dr+Venkatraman+Ramakrishnan&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BIndian+Express%5D%5D&rft.date=7+October+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fstory-print%2F526251%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-family-38"><a href="#cite_ref-family_38-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFAmit_Roy2009">Amit Roy (17 Oct 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091017/jsp/frontpage/story_11626163.jsp">”'Venki' makes light of India link – Winner says not to treat science like cricket; league of misses grows”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Telegraph_(Kolkata)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Telegraph (Kolkata) [inte skriven än]">The Telegraph (Kolkata)</a></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091017/jsp/frontpage/story_11626163.jsp">http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091017/jsp/frontpage/story_11626163.jsp</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Venki%27+makes+light+of+India+link%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%93+Winner+says+not+to+treat+science+like+cricket%3B+league+of+misses+grows&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BThe+Telegraph+%28Kolkata%29%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Amit+Roy&rft.au=Amit+Roy&rft.date=17+Oct+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1091017%2Fjsp%2Ffrontpage%2Fstory_11626163.jsp&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timesofindia.indiatimes.com-39"><a href="#cite_ref-timesofindia.indiatimes.com_39-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Nobel-laureate-Venkat-Ramakrishnan-failed-IIT-medical-entrance-tests/articleshow/5414148.cms">”Nobel laureate Venkat Ramakrishnan failed IIT, medical entrance tests”</a>. <i>The 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London: Royal Society<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/venki-ramakrishnan-12139/">https://royalsociety.org/people/venki-ramakrishnan-12139/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Sir+Venki+Ramakrishnan+FRS&rft.atitle=Sir+Venki+Ramakrishnan+FRS&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fpeople%2Fvenki-ramakrishnan-12139%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Louis-Jeantet_Prize-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Louis-Jeantet_Prize_46-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105072442/https://www.jeantet.ch/en/prix-louis-jeantet/laureats/2007-en/docteur-venki-ramakrishnan/">”Louis-Jeantet Prize”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jeantet.ch/en/prix-louis-jeantet/laureats/2007-en/docteur-venki-ramakrishnan/">originalet</a> den 5 november 2022<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105072442/https://www.jeantet.ch/en/prix-louis-jeantet/laureats/2007-en/docteur-venki-ramakrishnan/">https://web.archive.org/web/20221105072442/https://www.jeantet.ch/en/prix-louis-jeantet/laureats/2007-en/docteur-venki-ramakrishnan/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 oktober 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Louis-Jeantet+Prize&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20221105072442%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeantet.ch%2Fen%2Fprix-louis-jeantet%2Flaureats%2F2007-en%2Fdocteur-venki-ramakrishnan%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/venkatraman-ramakrishnan/">”Venkatraman Ramakrishnan”</a>. <i><span>Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</span></i>. German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/venkatraman-ramakrishnan/">https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/venkatraman-ramakrishnan/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Venkatraman+Ramakrishnan&rft.atitle=Venkatraman+Ramakrishnan&rft.pub=German+Academy+of+Sciences+Leopoldina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leopoldina.org%2Fmitgliederverzeichnis%2Fmitglieder%2Fmember%2FMember%2Fshow%2Fvenkatraman-ramakrishnan%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.some.ox.ac.uk/about-somerville/emeritus-and-honorary-fellows/">”Emeritus and Honorary Fellows”</a>. <i><span>Emeritus and Honorary Fellows</span></i>. <a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville College, Oxford</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.some.ox.ac.uk/about-somerville/emeritus-and-honorary-fellows/">https://www.some.ox.ac.uk/about-somerville/emeritus-and-honorary-fellows/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Emeritus+and+Honorary+Fellows&rft.atitle=Emeritus+and+Honorary+Fellows&rft.pub=%5B%5BSomerville+College%2C+Oxford%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.some.ox.ac.uk%2Fabout-somerville%2Femeritus-and-honorary-fellows%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amphilsoc.org/blog/american-philosophical-society-welcomes-new-members-2020">”The American Philosophical Society Welcomes New Members for 2020”</a>. <i><span>The American Philosophical Society Welcomes New Members for 2020</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.amphilsoc.org/blog/american-philosophical-society-welcomes-new-members-2020">https://www.amphilsoc.org/blog/american-philosophical-society-welcomes-new-members-2020</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+American+Philosophical+Society+Welcomes+New+Members+for+2020&rft.atitle=The+American+Philosophical+Society+Welcomes+New+Members+for+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amphilsoc.org%2Fblog%2Famerican-philosophical-society-welcomes-new-members-2020&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/press-releases/2020/july/venki-ramakrishnan-appointed-to-the-british-library-board">”Venki Ramakrishnan appointed to the British Library Board”</a>. <i><span>The British Library</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bl.uk/press-releases/2020/july/venki-ramakrishnan-appointed-to-the-british-library-board">https://www.bl.uk/press-releases/2020/july/venki-ramakrishnan-appointed-to-the-british-library-board</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Venki+Ramakrishnan+appointed+to+the+British+Library+Board&rft.atitle=The+British+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fpress-releases%2F2020%2Fjuly%2Fvenki-ramakrishnan-appointed-to-the-british-library-board&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722014017/https://www.bl.uk/press-releases/2020/july/venki-ramakrishnan-appointed-to-the-british-library-board">Arkiverad</a> 22 juli 2020 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/index.html">”All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry”</a>. <i><span>All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry</span></i>. Nobel Foundation<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/index.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/index.html</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=All+Nobel+Laureates+in+Chemistry&rft.atitle=All+Nobel+Laureates+in+Chemistry&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India) [inte skriven än]">Ministry of Home Affairs</a> (25 January 2010). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=57307">This Year's Padma Awards announced</a>". <a href="/wiki/Pressmeddelande" title="Pressmeddelande">Pressmeddelande</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sirvenki-53"><a href="#cite_ref-sirvenki_53-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFGazette60009"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/60009/supplement/1">”No. 60009”</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>, 31 December 2011<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/60009/supplement/1">https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/60009/supplement/1</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=No.+60009&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BThe+London+Gazette%5D%5D&rft.date=31+December+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F60009%2Fsupplement%2F1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/laureates/ramakrishnan">”Laureate – Venkatraman Ramakrishnan”</a>. <i><span>Laureate – Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</span></i>. Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/laureates/ramakrishnan">http://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/laureates/ramakrishnan</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Laureate+%E2%80%93+Venkatraman+Ramakrishnan&rft.atitle=Laureate+%E2%80%93+Venkatraman+Ramakrishnan&rft.pub=Lindau+Nobel+Laureate+Meetings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org%2Flaureates%2Framakrishnan&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Bilder & media</a></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/841">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> hos <a href="/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" title="Nobelstiftelsen">Nobelstiftelsen</a> (på engelska) including the Nobel Lecture on 8 December 2009 <i>Unraveling the Structure of the Ribosome</i></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox 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.navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#FFE974;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Nobelpristagare_i_kemi" title="Mall:Nobelpristagare i kemi"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Nobelpristagare_i_kemi&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_kemi" title="Nobelpriset i kemi">Nobelpristagare i kemi</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1901–1925</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%E2%80%99t_Hoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobus Henricus van ’t Hoff">van ’t Hoff</a> (1901)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Fischer</a> (1902)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a> (1903)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a> (1904)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">von Baeyer</a> (1905)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a> (1906)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a> (1907)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a> (1908)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a> (1909)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a> (1910)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Curie</a> (1911)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(kemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (kemist)">Sabatier</a> (1912)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Werner</a> (1913)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Richards" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Richards">Richards</a> (1914)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Willstätter</a> (1915)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inga priser udelades 1916–1917.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a> (1918)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inget pris utdelades 1919.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Nernst</a> (1920)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a> (1921)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Aston" title="Francis Aston">Aston</a> (1922)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a> (1923)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inget pris utdelades 1924.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a> (1925)</div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/90px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/120px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1926–1950</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/The_Svedberg" title="The Svedberg">Svedberg</a> (1926)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wieland" title="Heinrich Wieland">Wieland</a> (1927)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Windaus</a> (1928)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">von Euler-Chelpin</a> (1929)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Fischer</a> (1930)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a> (1931)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a> (1932)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inget pris utdelades 1933.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Urey">Urey</a> (1934)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric Joliot">Joliot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Joliot-Curie</a> (1935)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a> (1936)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a> (1937)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a> (1938)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ruzicka" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopold Ruzicka">Ruzicka</a> (1939)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inga priser udelades 1940–1942.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">de Hevesy</a> (1943)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a> (1944)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Virtanen" title="Artturi Virtanen">Virtanen</a> (1945)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/James_Sumner" title="James Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Northrop" title="John Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Stanley" title="Wendell Stanley">Stanley</a> (1946)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robinson</a> (1947)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a> (1948)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">Giauque</a> (1949)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Diels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a> (1950)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1951–1975</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Seaborg</a> (1951)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Synge" title="Richard Synge">Synge</a> (1952)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a> (1953)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a> (1954)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">du Vigneaud</a> (1955)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Semjonov" title="Nikolaj Semjonov">Semjonov</a> (1956)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd">Todd</a> (1957)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> (1958)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaroslav Heyrovsky">Heyrovsky</a> (1959)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Willard_Frank_Libby" title="Willard Frank Libby">Libby</a> (1960)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a> (1961)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">Kendrew</a> (1962)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler_(kemist)" title="Karl Ziegler (kemist)">Ziegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a> (1963)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a> (1964)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Woodward</a> (1965)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Mulliken</a> (1966)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Norrish" title="Ronald Norrish">Norrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">Porter</a> (1967)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a> (1968)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a> (1969)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Leloir" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Leloir">Leloir</a> (1970)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a> (1971)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Anfinsen" title="Christian Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Stein" title="William Stein">Stein</a> (1972)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a> (1973)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Flory</a> (1974)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">Cornforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a> (1975)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1976–2000</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a> (1976)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a> (1977)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mitchell" title="Peter Mitchell">Mitchell</a> (1978)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a> (1979)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg_(kemist)" title="Paul Berg (kemist)">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> (1980)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Fukui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a> (1981)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a> (1982)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a> (1983)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Merrifield" title="Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a> (1984)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hauptman" title="Herbert Hauptman">Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a> (1985)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_C._Polanyi" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Polanyi">Polanyi</a> (1986)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Pedersen</a> (1987)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a> (1988)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Cech" title="Thomas R. Cech">Cech</a> (1989)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Corey</a> (1990)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Ernst</a> (1991)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Marcus</a> (1992)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith" title="Michael Smith">Smith</a> (1993)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/George_A._Olah" title="George A. Olah">Olah</a> (1994)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a> (1995)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Smalley</a> (1996)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Skou</a> (1997)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">Pople</a> (1998)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewali</a> (1999)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Heeger" title="Alan Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a> (2000)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">Från 2001</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_S._Knowles" title="William S. Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryoji_Noyori" title="Ryoji Noyori">Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> (2001)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a> (2002)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a> (2003)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Ciechanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Hershko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a> (2004)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Schrock">Schrock</a> (2005)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Kornberg</a> (2006)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a> (2007)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Tsien</a> (2008)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Steitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_E._Yonath" class="mw-redirect" title="Ada E. Yonath">Yonath</a> (2009)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Negishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a> (2010)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Shechtman</a> (2011)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a> (2012)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Levitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Wershel</a> (2013)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Betzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">Moerner</a> (2014)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Modrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a> (2015)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Sauvage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Feringa</a> (2016)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Henderson</a> (2017)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_P._Smith" title="George P. Smith">Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_P._Winter" title="Gregory P. Winter">Winter</a> (2018)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Bannister_Goodenough" title="John Bannister Goodenough">Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a> (2019)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a> (2020)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">MacMillan</a> (2021)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Meldal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> (2022)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Brus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Bawendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Ekimov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksej Ekimov">Ekimov</a> (2023)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/David_Baker" title="David Baker">Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Hassabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">Jumper</a> (2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2018184882">WorldCat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/320144783026901656504">320144783026901656504</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2018184882">n2018184882</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/0000000137023036">0000 0001 3702 3036</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4699-2194">0000-0002-4699-2194</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/1165588048">1165588048</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Tjeckiska_nationalbiblioteket" title="Tjeckiska nationalbiblioteket">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20191050357&CON_LNG=ENG">jo20191050357</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV696737">RAVV696737</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA19219739?l=en">DA19219739</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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