CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hercules Magusanus - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"35e89c65-5fef-4fe9-911f-1080e1643434","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hercules_Magusanus","wgTitle":"Hercules Magusanus","wgCurRevisionId":1202566930,"wgRevisionId":1202566930,"wgArticleId":60262777,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Germanic deities","Hercules","Thor"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Hercules_Magusanus","wgRelevantArticleId":60262777,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q977188","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready", "site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Hercules Magusanus - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_Magusanus"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_Magusanus"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hercules_Magusanus rootpage-Hercules_Magusanus skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hercules+Magusanus" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hercules+Magusanus" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hercules+Magusanus" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hercules+Magusanus" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Name-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Name subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attestations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attestations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Attestations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attestations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origin-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origin subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Magusanus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magusanus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Magusanus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magusanus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syncretism_with_Hercules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syncretism_with_Hercules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Syncretism with Hercules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syncretism_with_Hercules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cult" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cult"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cult</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cult-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cult subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cult-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Batavi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batavi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Batavi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batavi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Lower_Rhine_tribes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Lower_Rhine_tribes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Other Lower Rhine tribes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Lower_Rhine_tribes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_the_Lower_Rhine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_the_Lower_Rhine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Outside the Lower Rhine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_the_Lower_Rhine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Depiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hercules Magusanus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magusanus" title="Magusanus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Magusanus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_Magusanus" title="Hercules Magusanus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hercules Magusanus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9rcules_Magusano" title="Hércules Magusano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hércules Magusano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_Magusanus" title="Hercules Magusanus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hercules Magusanus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q977188#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Magusanus" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hercules_Magusanus" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Magusanus"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Magusanus"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hercules_Magusanus" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hercules_Magusanus" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&oldid=1202566930" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Hercules_Magusanus&id=1202566930&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHercules_Magusanus"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHercules_Magusanus"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hercules_Magusanus&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hercules_Magusanus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q977188" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Germanic deity</div> <p><b>Hercules Magusanus</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Romano-Germanic_culture" title="Romano-Germanic culture">Romano-Germanic</a> deity or hero worshipped during the early first millennium AD in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhine" title="Lower Rhine">Lower Rhine</a> region among the <a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsacii" title="Marsacii">Marsaci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubii" title="Ubii">Ubii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cugerni" title="Cugerni">Cugerni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betasii" class="mw-redirect" title="Betasii">Baetasii</a>, and probably among the <a href="/wiki/Tungri" title="Tungri">Tungri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeumann1999125_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeumann1999125-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attestations">Attestations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attestations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AE_1971,282_Vorderansicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AE_1971%2C282_Vorderansicht.jpg/193px-AE_1971%2C282_Vorderansicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AE_1971%2C282_Vorderansicht.jpg/289px-AE_1971%2C282_Vorderansicht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AE_1971%2C282_Vorderansicht.jpg/385px-AE_1971%2C282_Vorderansicht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>Altar stone for Hercules Magusanus from Bonn, dated 226 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009227_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009227-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The name is attested on votive stones, coins and arm rings principally found in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Germania">Lower Germania</a>, but also in Rome, Britain, and Dacia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200314_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200314-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It appears as <i>Magusen[us]</i> in a inscription dated ca. 100 AD, found near the village of <a href="/wiki/Empel" title="Empel">Empel</a>. An altar from Ruimel (mid-1st c. AD), the earliest known which is devoted to Hercules Magusanus, shows the name in reverse order: <i>[M]agusa [n]o Herculi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200315–16_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200315–16-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, two Roman coins of the Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Postumus" title="Postumus">Postumus</a> minted in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> in 261 AD, as well as four arm rings from <a href="/wiki/Tongeren" title="Tongeren">Tongeren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> and Cologne also bear his name.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022 a new site was discovered in nearby Herwen-Hemeling. It is a sanctuary with a Gallo-Roman temple where most altars were dedicated to Hercules Magusanus.<sup id="cite_ref-RVO_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RVO-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Hercules Magusanus</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretism</a> between the Graeco-Roman divine hero <i><a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a></i> and the local deity or hero <i>Magusanus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009227_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009227-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The etymology of the name remains debated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Norbert Wagner, it may stem from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> name <i>*Magus-naz</i> ('the one with strength, the powerful one'; cf. Goth. <i>mahts</i>, German <i>Macht</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagner1977_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagner1977-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeumann1999125_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeumann1999125-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Much" title="Rudolf Much">Rudolf Much</a> has also proposed to compare it with <a href="/wiki/Noviomagus_Batavorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Noviomagus Batavorum"><i>Novio-magus</i></a> (now Nijmegen), the main settlement of the Batavi, in which the centre of Magusanus' local cult seems to have been located.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Fleuriot" title="Léon Fleuriot">Léon Fleuriot</a> proposed an alternative connection with the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> personal name <i>Mavohe[nos]</i> ('Old Lad', or 'old [one] of the servant''), ultimately from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Proto-Celtic</a> <i>*magusenos</i> (<i>magus</i> 'young lad; servant' + <i>senos</i> 'old').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200314,_16,_19_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200314,_16,_19-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lauran Toorians notes that, in this view, both Celtic and Germanic etymologies are possible, with the Germanic <i>*magus</i> ('boy, servant') attached to the root <i>*sen-</i> ('old').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200316–17_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200316–17-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magusanus">Magusanus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Magusanus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Lauran Toorians, it is probable that the <a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavi</a>, who entered the Rhine-Meuse delta from the east after the defeat of the Eburones, were "linguistically mixed, which might mean that they had shifted from Celtic-speaking to Germanic-speaking in recent times." Their elite language was likely Germanic, which led them to Germanicize the names of the region they took over.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200322_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200322-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this view, the Germanic name <i>Magusanus</i> may have arisen from the original Celtic *<i>Magusenus</i> suggested by Fleuriot.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200323_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200323-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest dedications to Magusanus are found on Batavian territory and are not attested in the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> region before the 2nd century AD, which may suggest a progressive diffusion of the cult from the Batavi to their neighbours in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009234_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009234-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the Roman Hercules was generally equated with the Germanic <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Donar/Thor</a> via <i><a href="/wiki/Interpretatio_Romana" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpretatio Romana">interpretatio romana</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Simek" title="Rudolf Simek">Rudolf Simek</a> has suggested that Magusanus was originally an epithet attached to the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> deity *<i>Þunraz</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syncretism_with_Hercules">Syncretism with Hercules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Syncretism with Hercules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several reasons have been proposed to explain the popularity of the Roman hero among Germanic peoples of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhine" title="Lower Rhine">Lower Rhine</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretism</a> with the local god Magunasus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A reasonable explanation is that the military and sporting attributes traditionally associated with Hercules, including masculine power and courage, possibly matched those associated with the native Magunasus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDerks1991255_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDerks1991255-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231,_233_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231,_233-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view is supported by the number of votive inscriptions to the god that were dedicated by soldiers, the practice of dropping off weapons in the sanctuary of Hercules Magusanus at <a href="/wiki/Empel" title="Empel">Empel</a>, and his role as the patron-deity of the Batavian young warrior bands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231,_233_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231,_233-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second reason for his success could have been Hercules' role as the keeper of cattle, particularly adapted to the pastoral values of a Lower Rhine society essentially relying on cattle and horse raising.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third argument may be the perception of Hercules as a bridge between the Germanic and Roman cultures, Hercules being seen as the mythical forebear of "barbarian" peoples and the first explorer of the Germanic frontier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cult">Cult</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cult"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0457.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0457.png/150px-Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0457.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0457.png/225px-Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0457.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0457.png/300px-Romanwallinscotl00macduoft_raw_0457.png 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="1136" /></a><figcaption>Altar dedicated to Hercules Magusanus found in Scotland, carved ca. 140–165 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batavi">Batavi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Batavi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As evidenced by the number of votive inscriptions and a cult associated with the monumental temple complex of <a href="/wiki/Empel" title="Empel">Empel</a>, Hercules Magusanus was probably the main deity of the <a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitas</a></i> during the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009227_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009227-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He may also have played a role as a patron and protector of the Batavian <i>iuventus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Koryos" class="mw-redirect" title="Koryos">koryos</a>), the young male warriors involved as a class age in a public initiation ritual into adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009233_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009233-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nico Roymans argues that the cult of Herculus Magusanus played in a prominent role in the <a href="/wiki/Ethnogenesis" title="Ethnogenesis">ethnogenesis</a> of the Batavi during the second part of the first century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009235_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009235-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Lower_Rhine_tribes">Other Lower Rhine tribes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other Lower Rhine tribes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cult of Hercules Magusanus must have been marginalized as a principal deity in the public cult among the Ubii and the <a href="/wiki/Cugerni" title="Cugerni">Cugerni</a> following the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Colonia_Claudia_Ara_Agrippinensium" title="Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium">Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonia_Ulpia_Traiana" title="Colonia Ulpia Traiana">Colonia Ulpia Traiana</a> in 50–60 AD, when his role was likely taken over by the Roman god <a href="/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009235_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009235-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_the_Lower_Rhine">Outside the Lower Rhine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Outside the Lower Rhine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dedications to Hercules Magusanus are also known from Rome, Britain or <a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a>. In all instances, they are related to <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germani</a> from the Lower Rhine area, most of them serving in the Roman army or to its influence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200314_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200314-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An altar to Hercules Magusanus was found near the site of a Roman fort at <a href="/wiki/Mumrills" title="Mumrills">Mumrills</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stirlingshire" title="Stirlingshire">Stirlingshire</a>), dedicated by Valerius Nigrinus, an officer in the <a href="/wiki/Tungri" title="Tungri">Tungrian</a> cavalry regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depiction">Depiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Depiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although no myth associated with Hercules Magusanus has been preserved, the iconography is rather close to the Latin imagery surrounding Hercules. For instance, several Germanic figurines and statues depict him bearing a club and a lion’s skin over his shoulders, once with three-headed dog <a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus">Cerberus</a>, echoing foreign myths involving the Roman hero.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009228_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009228-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeumann1999125-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeumann1999125_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeumann1999125_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeumann1999">Neumann 1999</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009227-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009227_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009227_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009227_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoymans2009">Roymans 2009</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek1984172–173_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimek1984">Simek 1984</a>, pp. 172–173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200314-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200314_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200314_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFToorians2003">Toorians 2003</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200315–16-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200315–16_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFToorians2003">Toorians 2003</a>, pp. 15–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RVO-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RVO_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJasper_de_Bruin2022" class="citation web cs1">Jasper de Bruin (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rmo.nl/blog/het-romeinse-heiligdom-herwen-hemeling/">"Het Romeinse heiligdom Herwen-Hemeling"</a>. Rijksmuseum voor Oudheden.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Het+Romeinse+heiligdom+Herwen-Hemeling&rft.pub=Rijksmuseum+voor+Oudheden&rft.date=2022&rft.au=Jasper+de+Bruin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmo.nl%2Fblog%2Fhet-romeinse-heiligdom-herwen-hemeling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHercules+Magusanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagner1977-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagner1977_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWagner1977">Wagner 1977</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200314,_16,_19-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200314,_16,_19_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFToorians2003">Toorians 2003</a>, pp. 14, 16, 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200316–17-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200316–17_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFToorians2003">Toorians 2003</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200322-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200322_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFToorians2003">Toorians 2003</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToorians200323-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToorians200323_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFToorians2003">Toorians 2003</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009234-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009234_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoymans2009">Roymans 2009</a>, p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoymans2009">Roymans 2009</a>, p. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDerks1991255-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDerks1991255_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDerks1991">Derks 1991</a>, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231,_233-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231,_233_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009231,_233_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoymans2009">Roymans 2009</a>, pp. 231, 233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2140">"RIB 2140. Altar dedicated to Hercules Magusanus"</a>. <i>Roman Inscriptions of Britain</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roman+Inscriptions+of+Britain&rft.atitle=RIB+2140.+Altar+dedicated+to+Hercules+Magusanus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fromaninscriptionsofbritain.org%2Finscriptions%2F2140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHercules+Magusanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nms.scran.ac.uk/database/record.php?usi=000-180-001-444-C">"Altar from near Mumrills, Stirlingshire"</a>. <i>National Museums of Scotland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museums+of+Scotland&rft.atitle=Altar+from+near+Mumrills%2C+Stirlingshire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnms.scran.ac.uk%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fusi%3D000-180-001-444-C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHercules+Magusanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009233-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009233_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoymans2009">Roymans 2009</a>, p. 233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009235-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009235_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009235_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoymans2009">Roymans 2009</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoymans2009228-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoymans2009228_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoymans2009">Roymans 2009</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerks1991" class="citation book cs1">Derks, Ton (1991). "The perception of the Roman pantheon by a native elite : The example of the votive inscriptions from Lower Germany". <i>Images of the Past: Studies on Ancient Societies in Northwestern Europe</i>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-70319-15-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-70319-15-1"><bdi>978-90-70319-15-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+perception+of+the+Roman+pantheon+by+a+native+elite+%3A+The+example+of+the+votive+inscriptions+from+Lower+Germany&rft.btitle=Images+of+the+Past%3A+Studies+on+Ancient+Societies+in+Northwestern+Europe&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-90-70319-15-1&rft.aulast=Derks&rft.aufirst=Ton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHercules+Magusanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeumann1999" class="citation cs2">Neumann, Günter (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=te3fDzkb3uAC&pg=PA107">"Germani cisrhenani — die Aussage der Namen"</a>, in Beck, H.; Geuenich, D.; Steuer, H. (eds.), <i>Germanenprobleme in heutiger Sicht</i>, Walter de Gruyter, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3110164381" title="Special:BookSources/978-3110164381"><bdi>978-3110164381</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Germani+cisrhenani+%E2%80%94+die+Aussage+der+Namen&rft.btitle=Germanenprobleme+in+heutiger+Sicht&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3110164381&rft.aulast=Neumann&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dte3fDzkb3uAC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHercules+Magusanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoymans2009" class="citation book cs1">Roymans, Nico (2009). "Hercules and the construction of a Batavian identity in the context of the Roman empire". In Roymans, Nico; Derks, Ton (eds.). <i>Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity: The Role of Power and Tradition</i>. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 219–238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8964-078-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8964-078-9"><bdi>978-90-8964-078-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n1n2.13">j.ctt46n1n2.13</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hercules+and+the+construction+of+a+Batavian+identity+in+the+context+of+the+Roman+empire&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Constructs+in+Antiquity%3A+The+Role+of+Power+and+Tradition&rft.pages=219-238&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46n1n2.13%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-90-8964-078-9&rft.aulast=Roymans&rft.aufirst=Nico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHercules+Magusanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimek1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Simek" title="Rudolf Simek">Simek, Rudolf</a> (1984). <i>Lexikon der germanischen Mythologie</i>. A. Kröner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-520-36801-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-520-36801-3"><bdi>3-520-36801-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lexikon+der+germanischen+Mythologie&rft.pub=A.+Kr%C3%B6ner&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=3-520-36801-3&rft.aulast=Simek&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHercules+Magusanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToorians2003" class="citation journal cs1">Toorians, Lauran (2003). "Magusanus and the "Old Lad": A Case of Germanicised Celtic". <i>NOWELE: North-Western European Language Evolution</i>. <b>42</b> (1): 13–28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fnowele.42.02too">10.1075/nowele.42.02too</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0108-8416">0108-8416</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOWELE%3A+North-Western+European+Language+Evolution&rft.atitle=Magusanus+and+the+%22Old+Lad%22%3A+A+Case+of+Germanicised+Celtic&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13-28&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fnowele.42.02too&rft.issn=0108-8416&rft.aulast=Toorians&rft.aufirst=Lauran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHercules+Magusanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner1977" class="citation journal cs1">Wagner, Norbert (1977). "(Hercules) Magusanus". <i>Bonner Jahrbücher</i>. <b>177</b>: 417–422.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bonner+Jahrb%C3%BCcher&rft.atitle=%28Hercules%29+Magusanus&rft.volume=177&rft.pages=417-422&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Norbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHercules+Magusanus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchholz1968" class="citation journal cs1">Buchholz, Peter (1968). "Perspectives for Historical Research in Germanic Religion". <i>History of Religions</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 111–138. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F462579">10.1086/462579</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-2710">0018-2710</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1061883">1061883</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144271212">144271212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Religions&rft.atitle=Perspectives+for+Historical+Research+in+Germanic+Religion&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=111-138&rft.date=1968&rft.issn=0018-2710&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144271212%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1061883%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F462579&rft.aulast=Buchholz&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHercules+Magusanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenèvrier1986" class="citation journal cs1">Genèvrier, Marie-Louise (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/ista_0000-0000_1986_act_329_1_1680">"Le culte d'Hercule Magusanus en Germanie Inférieure"</a>. <i>Collection de l'Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité</i>. <b>329</b> (1): 371–378.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Collection+de+l%27Institut+des+Sciences+et+Techniques+de+l%27Antiquit%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Le+culte+d%27Hercule+Magusanus+en+Germanie+Inf%C3%A9rieure&rft.volume=329&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=371-378&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Gen%C3%A8vrier&rft.aufirst=Marie-Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fista_0000-0000_1986_act_329_1_1680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHercules+Magusanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Mata, Karim. (2013). Colonial entanglements and cultic heterogeneity on Rome's Germanic frontier. Sidestone Press. Editors: Koutrafouri, Vasiliki G. and Sanders, Jeff, pp. 131–154.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&oldid=1202566930">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&oldid=1202566930</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Germanic_deities" title="Category:Germanic deities">Germanic deities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hercules" title="Category:Hercules">Hercules</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thor" title="Category:Thor">Thor</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 February 2024, at 01:44<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hercules_Magusanus&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-p754k","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.339","walltime":"0.397","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2619,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":27481,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2770,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":41505,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 349.022 1 -total"," 31.19% 108.875 1 Template:Reflist"," 30.66% 107.002 31 Template:Sfn"," 25.22% 88.031 3 Template:Cite_web"," 19.86% 69.331 1 Template:Short_description"," 12.79% 44.627 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.74% 20.020 4 Template:Cite_journal"," 5.67% 19.773 34 Template:Main_other"," 5.39% 18.826 3 Template:Cite_book"," 3.51% 12.264 1 Template:SDcat"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.206","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5683543,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBuchholz1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDerks1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGenèvrier1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJasper_de_Bruin2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeumann1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoymans2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimek1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToorians2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagner1977\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 3,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 31,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-flx5c","timestamp":"20241125161329","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hercules Magusanus","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hercules_Magusanus","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q977188","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q977188","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2019-03-18T13:00:27Z","dateModified":"2024-02-03T01:44:04Z","headline":"deity"}</script> </body> </html>