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Terdapat 39 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="مستعمرة (أحياء) – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستعمرة (أحياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orqanizml%C9%99rin_koloniyas%C4%B1" title="Orqanizmlərin koloniyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orqanizmlərin koloniyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="कॉलोनी (जीव बिज्ञान) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कॉलोनी (जीव बिज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%B2nia_(biologia)" title="Colònia (biologia) – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Colònia (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonie_(biologie)" title="Kolonie (biologie) – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kolonie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonie_(Biologie)" title="Kolonie (Biologie) – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kolonie (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Αποικία (μικροβιολογία) – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αποικία (μικροβιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_(biology)" title="Colony (biology) – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Colony (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonio_(biologio)" title="Kolonio (biologio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kolonio (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Colonia (biología) – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Colonia (biología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloonia_(bioloogia)" title="Koloonia (bioloogia) – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koloonia (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C_(%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="کلنی (زیست‌شناسی) – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلنی (زیست‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdyskunta_(biologia)" title="Yhdyskunta (biologia) – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdyskunta (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonie_(biologie)" title="Colonie (biologie) – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Colonie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Colonia (bioloxía) – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Colonia (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="कोलोनी (जीवविज्ञान) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोलोनी (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonija_(biologija)" title="Kolonija (biologija) – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kolonija (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9_(%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Գաղութ (կենսաբանություն) – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գաղութ (կենսաբանություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakter%C3%ADu%C3%BEyrping" title="Bakteríuþyrping – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bakteríuþyrping" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(zoologia)" title="Colonia (zoologia) – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colonia (zoologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E4%BD%93" title="群体 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="群体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EC%B2%B4" title="군체 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="군체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagirker%C3%AE" title="Dagirkerî – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dagirkerî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Колониялуу организмдер – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Колониялуу организмдер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonija_(biologija)" title="Kolonija (biologija) – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kolonija (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni_(biologi)" title="Koloni (biologi) – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Koloni (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonie_(biologie)" title="Kolonie (biologie) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kolonie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni_(biologi)" title="Koloni (biologi) – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koloni (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonia_(biologia)" title="Kolonia (biologia) – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolonia (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%B3nia_(biologia)" title="Colónia (biologia) – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Colónia (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Колония (биология) – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Колония (биология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonija_(biologija)" title="Kolonija (biologija) – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kolonija (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_(biology)" title="Colony (biology) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Colony (biology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Колонија (биологија) – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Колонија (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni_(biologi)" title="Koloni (biologi) – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koloni (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni_(biyoloji)" title="Koloni (biyoloji) – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Koloni (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phalacrocorax_penicillatus_(Brandt's_Cormorant)_colony,_Point_Lobos_-_Diliff.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Berkas:Phalacrocorax_penicillatus_(Brandt%27s_Cormorant)_colony,_Point_Lobos_-_Diliff.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Phalacrocorax_penicillatus_%28Brandt%27s_Cormorant%29_colony%2C_Point_Lobos_-_Diliff.jpg/245px-Phalacrocorax_penicillatus_%28Brandt%27s_Cormorant%29_colony%2C_Point_Lobos_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="245" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Phalacrocorax_penicillatus_%28Brandt%27s_Cormorant%29_colony%2C_Point_Lobos_-_Diliff.jpg/368px-Phalacrocorax_penicillatus_%28Brandt%27s_Cormorant%29_colony%2C_Point_Lobos_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Phalacrocorax_penicillatus_%28Brandt%27s_Cormorant%29_colony%2C_Point_Lobos_-_Diliff.jpg/490px-Phalacrocorax_penicillatus_%28Brandt%27s_Cormorant%29_colony%2C_Point_Lobos_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5232" data-file-height="3269" /></a><figcaption>Koloni <a href="/wiki/Pecuk_Brandt" title="Pecuk Brandt">Pecuk Brandt</a> (<i>Phalacrocorax penicillatus</i>) di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_Lobos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Point Lobos (halaman belum tersedia)">Point Lobos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalifornia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalifornia">Kalifornia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marrus_orthocanna.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Berkas:Marrus_orthocanna.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Marrus_orthocanna.jpg/220px-Marrus_orthocanna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Marrus_orthocanna.jpg/330px-Marrus_orthocanna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Marrus_orthocanna.jpg/440px-Marrus_orthocanna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2133" data-file-height="3025" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marrus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marrus (halaman belum tersedia)">Marrus</a> orthocanna</i> adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Sifonofora" class="mw-redirect" title="Sifonofora">sifonofora</a> yang terdiri dari is a colonial <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphonophore" class="extiw" title="en:Siphonophore">siphonophore</a> assembled from two types of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooid" class="extiw" title="en:Zooid">zooids</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pada <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a>, sebuah <b>koloni</b> terdiri dari dua atau lebih individu sejenis yang hidup berdekatan dengan, atau terhubung dengan satu sama lain. Hubungan umumnya bertujuan untuk memberi <a href="/wiki/Simbiosis" title="Simbiosis">keuntungan mutual</a> seperti pertahanan diri lebih kuat, dan kemampuan untuk menyerang mangsa yang lebih besar.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson1977_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson1977-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebuah koloni dapat terbentuk dalam berbagai bentuk dan berbagai cara tergantung organisme yang terlibat. Sebagai contoh, <b>koloni bakteri</b> berbentuk sebuah kumpulan sel-sel yang sama (salinan). Koloni ini dapat terbentuk dan tumbuh pada permukaan atau isi dari suatu medium padat, dan umumnya berasal dari satu sel induk.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contoh bentuk lainnya adalah <b>organisme kolonial</b> (gambar bawah), yang merupakan suatu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koloni_klonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koloni klonal (halaman belum tersedia)">koloni klonal</a> yang terdiri dari individu-individu yang terhubung secara fisik dan tergantung satu sama lain (tidak bisa hidup sendiri-sendiri). Subunit dari organisme kolonial dapat berupa makhluk unisel maupun multisel (umum disebut ramet, modul, atau <a href="/wiki/Zooid" title="Zooid">zooid</a>), yang masing-masing memiliki tujuannya masing-masing (ada yang berfungsi sebagai alat reproduksi, perlindungan, memburu makanan, dan sebagainya). Salahsatu contoh dari organisme ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Sifonofora" class="mw-redirect" title="Sifonofora">sifonofora</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hydrozoa" title="Hydrozoa">hydrozoa</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Ubur-ubur_api" title="Ubur-ubur api">ubur-ubur api</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa ilmuwan menganggap hewan jenis ini mewakili suatu tahapan menuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolusi_multiselularitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolusi multiselularitas (halaman belum tersedia)">multiselularitas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebagai kontras, organisme <a href="/wiki/Sosialitas" title="Sosialitas">soliter</a> tidak berafiliasi dengab koloni; mereka merupakan jenis hewan yang mana individu-individunya memiliki fungsi-fungsi yang dibutuhkan untuk bertahan hidup dan bereproduksi secara mandiri. </p><p>Beberapa organisme yang umumnya independen dapat membentuk sebuah koloni fakultatif sebagai respons dari kondisi lingkungan. Sebagai contoh, beberapa <a href="/wiki/Lebah_tukang_kayu" title="Lebah tukang kayu">lebah tukang kayu</a> akan membentuk koloni ketika sebuah hirarki dominan terbentuk diantara dua atau lebih pembentuk sarang.<sup id="cite_ref-DunnRichards2003_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DunnRichards2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, sementara <a href="/wiki/Koral" title="Koral">koral</a> adalah hewan yang secara fisik terhubung dengan jaringan hidup (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Koenosark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koenosark (halaman belum tersedia)">koenosark</a>), yang berisi rongga <a href="/wiki/Gastrovaskuler" title="Gastrovaskuler">gastrovaskuler</a> bersama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koloni_(biologi)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koloni_(biologi)&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Jackson1977-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jackson1977_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jackson, J.B.C. (1977). "Competition on Marine Hard Substrata: The Adaptive Significance of Solitary and Colonial Strategies". <i>The American Naturalist</i>. <b>111</b> (980): 743–767. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F283203">10.1086/283203</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Competition+on+Marine+Hard+Substrata%3A+The+Adaptive+Significance+of+Solitary+and+Colonial+Strategies&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=980&rft.pages=743-767&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F283203&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=J.B.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKoloni+%28biologi%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Colony">"Colony – Biology-Online Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.biology-online.org</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biology-online.org&rft.atitle=Colony+%E2%80%93+Biology-Online+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biology-online.org%2Fdictionary%2FColony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKoloni+%28biologi%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Hydrozoa/">"Hydrozoa"</a>. <i>Animal Diversity Web</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animal+Diversity+Web&rft.atitle=Hydrozoa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanimaldiversity.org%2Faccounts%2FHydrozoa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKoloni+%28biologi%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Alberts, Bruce; et al. (1994). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/molecularbiology00albe"><i>Molecular Biology of the Cell</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)"><img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span> (edisi ke-3rd). New York: Garland Science. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8153-1620-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8153-1620-8">0-8153-1620-8</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molecular+Biology+of+the+Cell&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Garland+Science&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8153-1620-8&rft.aulast=Alberts&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.au=Bray%2C+Dennis&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Julian&rft.au=Raff%2C+Martin&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Keith&rft.au=Watson%2C+James+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmolecularbiology00albe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKoloni+%28biologi%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DunnRichards2003-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DunnRichards2003_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dunn, T.; Richards, M.H. (2003). "When to bee social: interactions among environmental constraints, incentives, guarding, and relatedness in a facultatively social carpenter bee". <i>Behavioral Ecology</i>. <b>14</b> (3): 417–424. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbeheco%2F14.3.417">10.1093/beheco/14.3.417</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+Ecology&rft.atitle=When+to+bee+social%3A+interactions+among+environmental+constraints%2C+incentives%2C+guarding%2C+and+relatedness+in+a+facultatively+social+carpenter+bee&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=417-424&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbeheco%2F14.3.417&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Richards%2C+M.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKoloni+%28biologi%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koloni_(biologi)&oldid=25185973">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koloni_(biologi)&oldid=25185973</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Habitat" title="Kategori:Habitat">Habitat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Biologi" title="Kategori:Biologi">Biologi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_sumber_berbahasa_Inggris_(en)" title="Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)">CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 18 Januari 2024, pukul 14.44.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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