CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913399c7d8379b99',cH: 'sm5.9YlnFBxxE20hhuKJk9HmN6ynyWQMMEWPAvvpync-1739772483-1.2.1.1-zp_AbkO4FLVd6RZOKO783ednLb_1vFAqsea6gNo.G0DDOUe03cb2PSfDjJnDPblQ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=settlement%20pattern&__cf_chl_tk=s1TdI73Ty7JzOkS7De9fVA8MxrJpjqGixysL7wILF9Y-1739772483-1.0.1.1-I53wpiZeSlt.zsqDkgxqxI5RAhNuX5W5I5QgWBkIgPg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739772483',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=settlement%20pattern&__cf_chl_f_tk=s1TdI73Ty7JzOkS7De9fVA8MxrJpjqGixysL7wILF9Y-1739772483-1.0.1.1-I53wpiZeSlt.zsqDkgxqxI5RAhNuX5W5I5QgWBkIgPg",md: "i.T8Tl5ev99..no.o0ZCfQXjMQ1E6P8Jx4AKBnocUqg-1739772483-1.2.1.1-6k.EOC9qAlvMQLsh4SoY9zyij00C4jPQM_viyWsiMcfZZt3VSjO0GstOfaJtM1ulRXUPU1XiuBLJj_6JjM73Rw1uSTrdvUKaBZc1dApJjOj6_MHvJETxCsnxd5ZAfwq0o1ie7OA.gSwOzCKQGWpX13IpXHYyd5bI7ieCWgh36pc1SMazp4bFYZA6k.dqF0mmzf0xUinVgcXnLd4mrcyprGtE5MsKldR_HlHbgg_TlWqrnNk8IGCTdcJdwqnFwbNmi8zMOKrcDO2e8TI89PwV1mDEWwJjc3x2k4eebZqGudLKjmcdmQdqZ4MmdLErjgr0tvH3GzFaziZEbrxUQW4gC3koADELVCu_.pvNtY.N_filmwErdI28WFqfRB0GMzxeYcMrGaRUUUQI5zGcF_UAd95IUeQ3OqztovGpbb0AAadOmYKEmOiCq3OQZw5vhHh3YQmhuOhZHg4wOi9hO1shcsUGkG8pyjayZ7TXyRWE1_EApKN3ZLfSImWGfKo7sE8TxhwHPdCRdNWanpPyZyOQ90tmIX_8pgiIlV2DV3u4lu9voUnVfHcCNlkBV4tKqb.2omNNcjfmvmiHDSYJh50s2RDSyOLZ6FG3YQ_JW8K.IWiBh0Eg6QvJG7tWpKNRmPfLZnvmVw7u.xazx66T5dW1E9DF8nZJkZfxSTbnoxRmFXnJR47AMA3ieVNet9VQlSPdQWjHf.w1mHjCtBONZPi4r8cUz7Y2eC8MCZZAno0Pd6RA_RNhM0ZDq57O3fQgPp1X6wKY15ERpO7dNETDx_6YdOeGBiFQL3h2fXnp2sD5U.ZuCSQAUXk4HVu9mjGhkT1PH8IEv7c6iFVwHLBO1MUq3pW9eAGbcW8WzTNUWsDyCNmeqaxiLJ8qbQl_vYCZR_A2Ll4Dz8XAUyR5IRYECqTtZHlJpXaavP8nND6TkJt7u_WnnTVZLVoxO8TK4q2_TasLIh2OcNqc2HAzNtWJfZvNf.AUi.05xy1dkHe4wE2jwBCsTNDGp5fvcsyu9.kUd5jL0vKXmmFK4eUT8sL5oUhv0jNM625km_XhEnnbTFN5.xtaFiBFFmFu6wYwzkzCicaGiBtvP2YgTVC4BCsg5lC8jOVbCKC6ryMG0pRsYdVV0uFWZa9Q.6p6FwGmxFJ4MP_DtsqlKo7lrG6Y73I7Svj_i5PTr.ne04BhEqutH46KXkE3c27ydBD94mLpAoH_Ost2cFHIRIuHoLHxPb5E4DhI2YmavyT9a07irNyXWhh8TMYKG4z3bylXnZePPvTZItaHxBN2CbV1X5SYQMRs_h.K.u3fzeTzK.qT5XSQcalHVMf3K7MJvHXyzK.nwaP6gylrPCSdum_ARftXkYONbe7p6VlgQ86Q7zs18cKpYtOu.DCdp5DoluXcSd2f3DPRNRK7tk7wVTLq9judq.X6le7.TFPt6Qq.qEF_394RktZv09k.bT_8abYdTmDY7cV_2tS89T3AcV04kGRXpqIl8DB5qjcbjPHYOFYjU8_mGbCuJJmthh_DBUG_cuiKTuBqaKPtHFkOqeuNd.SrZIZy8c4S9.QVrOUUXHeEEjDudOY3sH0rIshn91Lr7aOOzUYvv_8QOqOZ6iUfHEWVJi4vDkpRmtcx2VACMi6jX6CDaNMbR..yTYm4eoMoafxr7PYZ6vwbpOPKCF0QNOpkN9DyMdtros.PGEQ79PoUo1GSUeFrvZkedSX0KZzQuQB4QaqjqKzWwhL5fTT4Zgp9S3B6WWr5szNtDV.nL4igARzLXawpYcN_jdWqofxaO_6qgeb1H_prWfq0nrLaw3cyrCp5DCRiFj_bYmhrcP4NOWsKZwFfxbGddcs9JMmXA8hvFhTaKzCRLjQRZqPM65xIkk57yhTmoq7axeo0cTlv1uFDLkmKHtiBfQbFICYyFEp7RbhpVDrX387G.LCvXzyXMUgJ5LHQOQZQKdoiyyLapxCu5opYRlU",mdrd: "rf1orKQIH1O4D9yTVA1Pe_HYCdyQ.z3iAMoTt8BSBQg-1739772483-1.2.1.1-Z2Tw3_yZt9TOB7FwZYSDpmTnAfRi3dGMj7ujMhLOSghwWbkY9apIS7ApatAJSqVfwL9qj9DV2MN_il2MJgyehSoHvLxHZw7ZgTKE40EhzwqFGcDliCBKe1Cde4EAH6uEnjO1I8KYfv45TXWH35gP3ooP_R5Dplt5bOSBGZVgCx9BntkQIcN1m6lE3KrNvjKZFtHoKOeqg3iVyKczA_f02LfaBtz5SihBOxhaI6n4A5Mtf8fnc9c7uNyIh67HkKQn1c3BRLeLxtwtvDAaBS5vBbBNvmXiUj8T.GC3smd.5N0FEGNVs5iTvd7KjCstN.kv5Ybf.3F3OAVMZrXVOwS84S.FMkHXKp3k4MEREPwSPQbpnSY1AsmVHCHFA5VrlD9H8r9PTdkVXC7f0H57Y54hkc4w.iFk1Swx5hg7jlDSGhBiLGCV_b8mDChjusQaE4ZvyY3T.DYV32dLAR0UjmAASwU65B8x1sXoG4CFHp_lFMo4jGLpN7WGup3xOsfgr4Xy0vqVu6LD.XlkqljDxhsAL7ogzRh4er_vZOE4XSLLwdKfz3rdHioHEnIe_xv8Aw8tWf.XKlLz44oRVwboQwUK5DqAUnjqw1YZgvEeAVUscvtAoRXJzAljAtEsrffn.Fwwc.qBBmQonLV8v8NajJ7MZSOxheIPKGM8FtfDOfOYGvoSixy9i4Kb6RI2M5RM3.zoMiNdg3o.Bm9B9Nnu5y_LrlwehK6mnpvmomTEUC0GbpzEbsXAxxAfEjtXDvLg1pc32q67kIKMyioVMV_0tUnFOM0QeM_GiWIVEiTTAZpF.ZwynaqmywhZwh7LovKWg1FtM11RlyeXq6Bq._lFJ5vvgTYP2nSBgenkp8zIriRPJIheUNS9lUsjDrs4zYe_xu9imlUv_HiPQQBRoLYX9Bk0IyCyXg.nc28gSHp99j6Z0jNTn1XD65j7vwiu1Q.jvRPQYoEeISRsumZMgUYsAsL5Low.H2GvDAJdfjbvpXkev_91MQuxsMFuyl65TO00E.7tDzGYuSAa0b41Hvjk6WVaRSfAbKCuyYqM6CcRxQVlv.oayABvSRPNRD6PCGEecH7yAeJkCY9FVzaM2n_97unK8LLkA5.3mLGvi650XBpSIzRyagsX1MN0oFzcgbZJLG9YFtqtOU0MF..ZvAWYBJKf0cVbBS.oJmlr_yYRTX.zMfg7u7LPPBmj8hctft0UVrfYENCcU7J963BxSPXj4wXrCFlgUlF.nz4nSm._lLzdcq.gDyZEemxI1Z5rDxcp5JUdGlTuJg2Pg9slPbpOZiFf_0BY9vOdLDOrwwSpD_zY6BvZYkxXvJajBZIX1h3KzvzXFAtMl5Y2RtBJGiiTr0_ZYddI0KP1xel9lLvf4dSPVAsvIfjIeg8eqbzYHogZewdxD._DJMCttlastnd6m6XNBT8Lks5KPGDA00JdYsu8CU7_TYjyN5HSUw5STZo5Q.9pF4pVi7mEpM02dXv13o51CqWiAYsI7tTphEE8IIR52j_eBh4RR.3Bk53T2_N0RXHSIPGpjHyD3aQQb4Wr1cxvnOW.pIkK1HSLLxgZKRA2zKl1L3vW3aWwlY3iqY1wI3ZyBxQXiqDvOLHvOvoTAabtX7bwlxajcX_2riZrOFVDQrgVHLPNnlW3ybTR0tGzvnk6qG4BVfQClMNKNmHaI2evfp1W222gXzLUoxXPozbE.uUg_6nL_yKKTHsmFQYjh715e2ftvHey7hc.DsEB5eRjJuDlDQkHBL9qeKwFkHdy0uyja6bT12rN4rVfBuASiFk2XkElIYkQsMFINftOYncgpKCaSYsELuoP.HJkXuE8pCdo60ni5SZnpANDCP3yAXaXNlYPwqum4UHUmk3OhE8dtxi3fKmj04OuzIrScSvbjDKBPyHtYTARsR0tPPJYtXdkXHV2H37XqxX979gm8lOXY7VlKfy5UWU522wPGltwZO83oKwpCSNjTFu2ddHCZuKvtJwRkUG4.Tx3SCeRFcUveA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913399c7d8379b99';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=settlement%20pattern&__cf_chl_rt_tk=s1TdI73Ty7JzOkS7De9fVA8MxrJpjqGixysL7wILF9Y-1739772483-1.0.1.1-I53wpiZeSlt.zsqDkgxqxI5RAhNuX5W5I5QgWBkIgPg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>