What are doctoral studies like?

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"NRJS-db714826d6dc6f30ac6",applicationID:"439323269"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="Cookiebot" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="7439002e-4a7e-4422-bda9-d575b2a8d8ce" async="async" data-culture="en"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];</script> <meta name="description" content="As a doctoral student, you are part of an international academic community. The doctoral research and studies develop you into an expert of your research topic and build your professional capacity." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.aalto.fi/en/doctoral-education/what-are-doctoral-studies-like" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.aalto.fi/en/doctoral-education/what-are-doctoral-studies-like" /> <meta property="og:title" content="What are doctoral studies like? | Aalto University" /> <meta property="og:description" content="As a doctoral student, you are part of an international academic community. The doctoral research and studies develop you into an expert of your research topic and build your professional capacity." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.aalto.fi/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_91_1200w_630h_n/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_79.jpg?h=cb1263b9&itok=ikknZgqP" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2023-12-15T12:03:03+02:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As a doctoral student, you are part of an international academic community. The doctoral research and studies develop you into an expert of your research topic and build your professional capacity." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AaltoUniversity" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="What are doctoral studies like? | Aalto University" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.aalto.fi/en/doctoral-education/what-are-doctoral-studies-like" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.aalto.fi/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_91_1200w_630h_n/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_79.jpg?h=cb1263b9&itok=ikknZgqP" /> <meta name="twitter:image:height" content="630" /> <meta name="twitter:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.aalto.fi/en/doctoral-education/what-are-doctoral-studies-like" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fi" href="https://www.aalto.fi/fi/tohtorinkoulutus/millaista-on-opiskelu-tohtoriohjelmassa" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://www.aalto.fi/sv/doctoral-education/hur-ar-det-att-bedriva-doktorsstudier" /> <title>What are doctoral studies like? | Aalto University</title> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/favicon-32x32.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/favicon-16x16.png"/> <link rel="manifest" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/site.webmanifest"/> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5e9bce"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/css/css_uAEetioEXD8bgUSCHtPSdrrQyw1YdZWEn_JRTGysJYQ.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJxdjlEOwiAQRC9Ei5qYeBuyLCvFUpbs0sTe3lhRoz-TmffxMsg8J3LIpVFpzmfGmcTijoeOh46NbtposR6UDEBu7Pa8JvuzDLKQDbJWyCPc4G5ePs_NftqfwAuUkEp0qOpO58vhaCoIRIE66dv1JeNa6upz0olCNz1f9R8LhQQuQs4k2wNXX1gT" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/css/css_yiW8Gn-4HYy85jRZEja8EDIX9BXXchjAq89aOLcEpOw.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJxdjlEOwiAQRC9Ei5qYeBuyLCvFUpbs0sTe3lhRoz-TmffxMsg8J3LIpVFpzmfGmcTijoeOh46NbtposR6UDEBu7Pa8JvuzDLKQDbJWyCPc4G5ePs_NftqfwAuUkEp0qOpO58vhaCoIRIE66dv1JeNa6upz0olCNz1f9R8LhQQuQs4k2wNXX1gT" /> <script data-cookie-content-blocker-asset-id="yzkubnt4thhv-fyvplamvbmybr-et4iz1xafkoaeiza"></script> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"cookieContentBlocker":{"blockedAssets":{"yzkubnt4thhv-fyvplamvbmybr-et4iz1xafkoaeiza":"\u003Clink rel=\u0022stylesheet\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 href=\u0022\/themes\/contrib\/stable\/css\/media\/oembed.formatter.css?snb905\u0022 \/\u003E\n"},"consentAwareness":{"accepted":{"event":{"name":"cookiebotConsentAcceptPreferences","selector":"window"},"cookie":{"operator":"===","name":"cookiebot-consent--preferences","value":"1"}},"declined":{"event":{"name":"cookiebotConsentDeclinePreferences","selector":"window"},"cookie":{"operator":"===","name":"cookiebot-consent--preferences","value":"0"}},"change":{"event":{"name":"","selector":""}}},"categories":[]},"aaltoDataLayer":{"aalto_datalayer":{"contType":"article","contLang":"en","contHome":"Doctoral education","contRestriction":"public","contAllTags":"doctoral education","contPublished":"15.12.2023","redirect":"\/node\/980781"}},"aalto_datalayer_user_metadata_path":"https:\/\/user-metadata.aalto.workers.dev\/","aaltoIENotification":{"notification_text":{"value":"\u003Ch2\u003EOutdated brower detected\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOur system has detected that you are using Internet Explorer or another outdated browser. You can continue to use the site however, we cannot guarantee that the site will work as intended. We recommend that you switch to the supported browser such as Firefox, Chrome, Edge or Safari for a better experience.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"rich_text"},"notification_button":"I am fully aware of this","banner_text":{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIf you continue to use Internet Explorer the site may not work as intended.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"simple_text"},"cookie_name":"aalto_ie_notification","cookie_expiry_days":7},"site":{"enabledLanguages":["fi","sv","en"]},"aaltoEnv":"live","gtm":{"tagIds":["GTM-N6WP2H"],"settings":{"data_layer":"dataLayer","include_environment":false},"tagId":null},"gtag":{"tagId":"","otherIds":[],"consentMode":false,"events":[],"additionalConfigInfo":[]},"cookiebot":{"message_placeholder_cookieconsent_optout_marketing_show":false,"message_placeholder_cookieconsent_optout_marketing":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cookiebot cookieconsent-optout-marketing\u0022\u003E\n\t\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cookieconsent-optout-marketing__inner\u0022\u003E\n\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\u0022aalto-user-generated-content\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPlease \u003Ca href=\u0022!cookiebot_renew\u0022\u003Eaccept marketing-cookies\u003C\/a\u003E to view this embedded content from \u003Ca href=\u0022!cookiebot_from_src_url\u0022\u003E!cookiebot_from_src_url\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\n\t\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"languageSwitcher":{"modalContent":[]},"gallery_styles":{"359406":["https:\/\/www.aalto.fi\/sites\/g\/files\/flghsv161\/files\/styles\/o_567w_ah_n_nu\/public\/oembed_thumbnails\/MR3GNxCuV60Rhz1A5ZbFsCkt79WBiJ_VKOT7cLJPdkk.jpg?itok=QUr7SwRT","https:\/\/www.aalto.fi\/sites\/g\/files\/flghsv161\/files\/styles\/o_819w_ah_n_nu\/public\/oembed_thumbnails\/MR3GNxCuV60Rhz1A5ZbFsCkt79WBiJ_VKOT7cLJPdkk.jpg?itok=9q_Uukuk","https:\/\/www.aalto.fi\/sites\/g\/files\/flghsv161\/files\/styles\/o_914w_ah_n_nu\/public\/oembed_thumbnails\/MR3GNxCuV60Rhz1A5ZbFsCkt79WBiJ_VKOT7cLJPdkk.jpg?itok=TJYmhBlQ","https:\/\/www.aalto.fi\/sites\/g\/files\/flghsv161\/files\/styles\/o_1074w_ah_n_nu\/public\/oembed_thumbnails\/MR3GNxCuV60Rhz1A5ZbFsCkt79WBiJ_VKOT7cLJPdkk.jpg?itok=2wX993Qt","https:\/\/www.aalto.fi\/sites\/g\/files\/flghsv161\/files\/styles\/o_1800w_ah_n_nu\/public\/oembed_thumbnails\/MR3GNxCuV60Rhz1A5ZbFsCkt79WBiJ_VKOT7cLJPdkk.jpg?itok=8ABJBVvz"],"359401":["https:\/\/www.aalto.fi\/sites\/g\/files\/flghsv161\/files\/styles\/o_567w_ah_n_nu\/public\/oembed_thumbnails\/W14JKemA27voqavo0R6rWe7u-pzhmOb7hbwl3waVHNQ.jpg?itok=xzVeFjhB","https:\/\/www.aalto.fi\/sites\/g\/files\/flghsv161\/files\/styles\/o_819w_ah_n_nu\/public\/oembed_thumbnails\/W14JKemA27voqavo0R6rWe7u-pzhmOb7hbwl3waVHNQ.jpg?itok=prfccN55","https:\/\/www.aalto.fi\/sites\/g\/files\/flghsv161\/files\/styles\/o_914w_ah_n_nu\/public\/oembed_thumbnails\/W14JKemA27voqavo0R6rWe7u-pzhmOb7hbwl3waVHNQ.jpg?itok=7hxyW4p6","https:\/\/www.aalto.fi\/sites\/g\/files\/flghsv161\/files\/styles\/o_1074w_ah_n_nu\/public\/oembed_thumbnails\/W14JKemA27voqavo0R6rWe7u-pzhmOb7hbwl3waVHNQ.jpg?itok=llvsU3Qp","https:\/\/www.aalto.fi\/sites\/g\/files\/flghsv161\/files\/styles\/o_1800w_ah_n_nu\/public\/oembed_thumbnails\/W14JKemA27voqavo0R6rWe7u-pzhmOb7hbwl3waVHNQ.jpg?itok=hcqarW5n"]},"pdbVue":{"developmentMode":false},"path":{"contentHome":{"url":"\/en\/doctoral-education","title":"Doctoral education"},"themeUrl":"\/themes\/custom\/aalto_aaltofi","baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"en\/","currentPath":"node\/980781","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en","currentQuery":{"redirectFrom":"node\/980781"}},"aalto_authenticated":false,"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJx1kWFuwyAMhS-UlG3SpN0GGXCIW8AZmHa9_ejK2jXN_hi_7z2QkQGCsIZLnUjBXzU8KGUyJEfJa1uKfnv_eHn9DbhISVehQHJWG6znDBTsdkRHoD2EgHnD_qxkDwUh2_nZLOQwwfHZEF5WnCJ41Gz2aEVPJN2zzAfCdqSCSdQW7EkHAgHOmNWt606LJhaayIIQJ7XSPRUg-XqZoZxI7Nze-Yf3_LGiyhAdDPdxpI2jTWB7aNeveOx47LinDYu6dYNn9gG1gFe-lbXewR6-HmEcFsjgMyxzUS7XBcLuTnY1LdUEKjO6YXHm-pXxZ1fjdVlqYpY2TjkXwaguO_gGtE7uJg","theme":"aalto_aaltofi","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"b85d72e4199f75b27ac18b8fe5506e6ab0a74ba835cdd0cff522b3f1c632d78e"}}</script> <script src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/js/js_DfCkfMOQ7GD_oBJrEg5kf3Q72Pc__euBJrpAIsGwbAs.js?scope=header&delta=0&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJx1j1FywyAMRC9klyMxa5CJYkCJkdP69nUC4zRx88Non4Y3WiCqWPjE2S7KkXU1OLKuMg9FxEqz2ae2YbJZlEd2UJZs3nLnRKaNOclKWe0QxU2bpuK-4b7h5hxQyHBCICvDmZzakbXtHu_I5iV1QSREsopggqbXiPCev3DGT_M97yvbIeY_2DoMomaf2u-IHJb7neWb1Z22Yh_432Z1TOQZNiBGmtfjurCnjFt38UMl_XVhN_WFMLuTGUV0t94WMjOSx1GjcrlbDvwhq65frOzNYA"></script> </head> <body class="node--type-article node--980781"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-N6WP2H" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="layout-container"> <header id="header" role="banner" class="header--with-top-nav"> <a href="#main-content" class="aalto-skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="black-overlay"></div> <div class="block block-topnav navigation aalto-header"> <div id="top-nav-sticky-header" class="aalto-header__fixed-container aalto-header__floating-notifications aalto-header--at-top"> <div class="aalto-header__container"> <div class="aalto-header__logo-container"> <a href="/en" class="aalto-header__logo-link" title=Home aria-label=Home rel="home"> <svg class="aalto-header__logo aalto-logo" viewBox="0 0 143 101" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_base/images/aalto_logo.svg#logo"/> </svg> </a> </div> <nav class="aalto-topnav" id="aalto-topnav" aria-labelledby="aalto-topnav-button-text"> <ul class="aalto-topnav__navigation-items aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-topnav__apply"> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto" class="aalto-topnav__button topnav-identifier--link-with-icon"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-form"/> </svg> Apply to Aalto </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__support"> <a href="/en/makewaves" class="aalto-topnav__button topnav-identifier--link-with-icon"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-heart"/> </svg> Support us </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__break"></li> <li class="aalto-topnav__language"> <div class="aalto-dropdown-container js-menu-container aalto-dropdown-container--toggle-hidden-header-mobile aalto-dropdown-container--language"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" class="js-menu-toggle aalto-dropdown__toggle aalto-dropdown__toggle--with_chevron"><span class="aalto-dropdown__toggle-custom-icon"><svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-globe_v2"/></svg></span><span class="aalto-visually-hidden"><span lang="fi">Valitse sivuston kieli</span> / <span lang="sv">Välj webbplatsens språk</span> / <span lang="en">Select site language</span></span><span class="aalto-dropdown__toggle-text " aria-hidden="true">EN</span></button><ul class="aalto-list-unstyled aalto-dropdown__menu"><li><a href="/fi/tohtorinkoulutus/millaista-on-opiskelu-tohtoriohjelmassa" class="aalto-dropdown__link" lang="fi"><abbr title="Suomeksi">FI</abbr><span>Suomeksi</span></a></li><li><a href="/sv/doctoral-education/hur-ar-det-att-bedriva-doktorsstudier" class="aalto-dropdown__link" lang="sv"><abbr title="Svenska">SV</abbr><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li><a href="/en/doctoral-education/what-are-doctoral-studies-like" class="aalto-dropdown__link" aria-current="true" lang="en"><abbr title="English">EN</abbr><span>English</span></a></li></ul></div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__search"> <div id="aalto-search-button-container"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__button aalto-search__toggle-button" id="aalto-search-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Search"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-magnifier_lens"/> </svg> <span class="aalto-search-button__label">Search</span> </button> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__user"> <a href="/en/saml_login" class="aalto-topnav__button topnav-identifier--link-with-icon"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_login"/> </svg> Log in </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__menu-items" id="aalto-topnav-items-container"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__button" id="aalto-topnav-button" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="aalto-topnav__button-expand"> <svg class="aalto-topnav__button-icon aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-menu_burger"/> </svg> <span class="aalto-topnav__button-text" id="aalto-topnav-button-text">Menu</span> </span> <span class="aalto-topnav__button-collapse"> <svg class="aalto-topnav__button-icon aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-close"/> </svg> <span class="aalto-topnav__button-text">Close menu</span> </span> </button> <div class="aalto-topnav__items" id="aalto-topnav__items"> <ul class="aalto-topnav__item-container aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--desktop"> <a href="/en/student-guide" class="aalto-topnav__button aalto-topnav__action--desktop topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-level"/> </svg> <span>Student Guide</span> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--desktop"> <a href="/en/for-personnel" class="aalto-topnav__button aalto-topnav__action--desktop topnav-identifier--link-with-icon"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-lock_closed"/> </svg> <span>For personnel</span> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-request aalto-topnav__action-item--desktop"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-info"/> </svg> <span>Aalto community members please <a href="/en/saml_login" class="aalto-topnav__action-request--link aalto-topnav__action--desktop" tabindex="-1">log in</a> to see internal content</span> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Admissions and studies </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Apply to Aalto </a> <a href="/en/study-options" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Find a study programme </a> <a href="/en/admissions" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> How to apply </a> <a href="/en/admission-services/scholarships-and-tuition-fees" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Scholarships and tuition fees </a> <a href="/en/admission-services/applying-to-bachelors-programmes" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Bachelor's admissions </a> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto/applying-to-masters-programmes" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Master's admissions </a> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/how-to-apply-for-doctoral-studies" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Doctoral admissions </a> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto/studying-at-the-aalto-campus" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Campus life </a> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto/fairs-and-events-for-applicants" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Events for applicants </a> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto/chat-with-aalto-students" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Chat with students </a> <a href="https://aaltouniversity.leadfamly.com/sign-up-for-our-newsletter" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Subscribe to newsletter<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="/en/admission-services/contact-information-for-aalto-university-admission-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Contact admission services </a> <a href="/en/lifewide-learning" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Lifewide Learning </a> <a href="/en/international-students/incoming-exchange-students" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Exchange students </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Research and art </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/research-art" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> About our research and art </a> <a href="/en/tenure-track" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Tenure track career system </a> <a href="/en/doctoral-education" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Doctoral education </a> <a href="/en/research-and-learning-infrastructures" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Research and learning infrastructures </a> <a href="https://research.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Research portal research.aalto.fi<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="/en/aalto-university/rankings" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Rankings </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Schools and departments </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Schools</span> <a href="/en/school-of-arts-design-and-architecture" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Arts, Design and Architecture </a> <a href="/en/school-of-business" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Business </a> <a href="/en/school-of-chemical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Chemical Engineering </a> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Electrical Engineering </a> <a href="/en/school-of-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Engineering </a> <a href="/en/school-of-science" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Science </a> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Departments</span> <a href="/en/department-of-accounting-business-law" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Accounting & Business Law </a> <a href="/en/department-of-applied-physics" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Applied Physics </a> <a href="/en/department-of-architecture" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Architecture </a> <a href="/en/department-of-art-and-media" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Art and Media </a> <a href="/en/department-of-bioproducts-and-biosystems" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Bioproducts and Biosystems </a> <a href="/en/department-of-built-environment" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Built Environment </a> <a href="/en/department-of-chemical-and-metallurgical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-chemistry-and-materials-science" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Chemistry and Materials Science </a> <a href="/en/department-of-civil-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Civil Engineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-computer-science" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Computer Science </a> <a href="/en/department-of-design" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Design </a> <a href="/en/department-of-economics" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Economics </a> <a href="/en/department-of-electrical-engineering-and-automation" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Electrical Engineering and Automation </a> <a href="/en/department-of-electronics-and-nanoengineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Electronics and Nanoengineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-film-elo" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Film, Television and Scenography </a> <a href="/en/department-of-finance" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Finance </a> <a href="/en/department-of-industrial-engineering-and-management" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Industrial Engineering and Management </a> <a href="/en/department-of-information-and-communications-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Information and Communications Engineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-information-and-service-management" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Information and Service Management </a> <a href="/en/department-of-management-studies" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Management Studies </a> <a href="/en/department-of-marketing" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Marketing </a> <a href="/en/department-of-mathematics-and-systems-analysis" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Mathematics and Systems Analysis </a> <a href="/en/department-of-energy-and-mechanical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Energy and Mechanical Engineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-neuroscience-and-biomedical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Collaboration </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/collaboration" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Collaborate with us </a> <a href="/en/for-alumni" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> For alumni </a> <a href="/en/corporate-collaboration" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Corporate collaboration </a> <a href="/en/aalto-networking-platform" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto networking platform </a> <a href="/en/advancing-entrepreneurship-and-innovations" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Entrepreneurship and innovations </a> <a href="/en/collaboration/international-academic-collaboration" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> International collaboration </a> <a href="/en/collaboration/collaboration-with-cities-and-regions" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Collaboration with cities and regions </a> <a href="/en/give-for-the-future" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Support us </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> News and events </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/news-and-events" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Highlights </a> <a href="/en/news" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> News </a> <a href="/en/events" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Events </a> <a href="/en/aalto-university/aalto-university-magazine" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto University Magazine </a> <a href="https://ourblogs.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> OurBlogs<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="/en/podcasts" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Podcasts </a> <a href="/en/for-the-media" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> For the media </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> About us </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/aalto-university" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> About Aalto University </a> <a href="/en/strategy" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Our strategy </a> <a href="/en/sustainability" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Sustainability </a> <a href="/en/aalto-university/code-of-conduct-values-into-practice" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Code of Conduct </a> <a href="/en/aalto-handbook" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto Handbook </a> <a href="/en/campus" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Campus </a> <a href="/en/people" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> People and contact information </a> <a href="/en/careers-at-aalto" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Careers </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Tools and services </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/services/quicklinks-to-tools" highlight="1" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-highlighted aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> All tools (requires login) </a> <a href="/en/services" highlight="1" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-highlighted aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> All services </a> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Most used tools</span> <a href="https://ada.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Ada<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://booking.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Asio (booking.aalto.fi)<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://halli.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Halli<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www-sanakirja-fi.libproxy.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> MOT Kielipalvelu (language service)<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://neo.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Neo<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="/en/people" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> People hub </a> <a href="http://phonebook.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Phone book<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://reportfinder.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> PowerBI report finder<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://report.aalto.fi/qlikview/login.htm?_ga=2.168724130.2086739987.1546842233-124934716.1526555948" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Qlikview<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://aalto.rondoservice.fi/dcv-gui/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> DataCycle360 (Rondo)<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.tiima.com/cognito/aalto" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Tiima<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://outlook.office.com/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Webmail<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="http://survey.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Webropol<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://wd3.myworkday.com/aalto/d/home.htmld" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Workday<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Most used services</span> <a href="/en/services/hr-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> HR services </a> <a href="/en/it-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> IT Services </a> <a href="/en/services/learning-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Learning services </a> <a href="/en/learning-centre" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Library - Learning Centre </a> <a href="/en/services/occupational-health-care" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Occupational health </a> <a href="/en/services/printing-at-aalto-university" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Printing </a> <a href="/en/services/research-and-innovation-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Research and innovation services </a> <a href="/en/teaching-and-learning" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Teaching and learning services </a> <a href="/en/services/travel-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Travel services </a> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">For students</span> <a href="https://sisu.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Sisu<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://mycourses.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> MyCourses<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://mystudies.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> MyStudies<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://courses.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Browse all courses<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Other</span> <a href="/en/services/aalto-space-mobile-application" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto Space </a> <a href="https://shop.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto University Shop<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://brand.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Brand library and design system<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.lounaat.info/otaniemi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Lunch menus<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Safety and emergencies</span> <a href="/en/security" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Emergencies </a> <a href="/en/services/incident-report" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Incident report </a> <a href="/en/cyber-security" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Cyber Security </a> <a href="/en/cyber-security/report-an-information-security-incident" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Cyber Security incident report </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__language-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-globe" /> </svg> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/what-are-doctoral-studies-like" class="aalto-button aalto-topnav__action--mobile" tabindex="-1" aria-current="true" lang="en"> <abbr title="English">EN</abbr> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__language-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/fi/tohtorinkoulutus/millaista-on-opiskelu-tohtoriohjelmassa" class="aalto-button aalto-topnav__action--mobile" tabindex="-1" lang="fi"> <abbr title="Suomeksi">FI</abbr> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__language-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/sv/doctoral-education/hur-ar-det-att-bedriva-doktorsstudier" class="aalto-button aalto-topnav__action--mobile" tabindex="-1" lang="sv"> <abbr title="Svenska">SV</abbr> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--first aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto" class="aalto-topnav__action-item--link aalto-topnav__action--mobile topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-form" /> </svg> Apply to Aalto </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/makewaves" class="aalto-topnav__action-item--link aalto-topnav__action--mobile topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-heart"/> </svg> Support us </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/student-guide" class="aalto-topnav__action-item--link aalto-topnav__action--mobile topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-level" /> </svg> Student Guide </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/for-personnel" class="aalto-topnav__action-item--link aalto-topnav__action--mobile topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-lock_closed"/> </svg> For personnel </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-request aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-info"/> </svg> <span>Aalto community members please log in to see internal content</span> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/saml_login" class="aalto-button aalto-button--primary aalto-topnav__action--mobile" tabindex="-1"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="aalto-search"> <div class="aalto-search__container aalto-search__container--hidden" id="search-container"> <div class="aalto-search__header content-container"> <label class="aalto-search__label" for="aalto-search__input">Search</label> <button type="button" class="aalto-search__close" id="aalto-search-close" aria-label="Close search"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-close"/> </svg> </button> </div> <div id="aalto-quicksearch"></div> </div> <div class="aalto-search__overlay" id="aalto-search-overlay"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="top-nav-sticky-header-dummy"></div> </div> </header> <div class="layout-content "> <main> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="region region--content"> <div id="block-aalto-aaltofi-aaltoquicksearch" class="block block-pdb-vue block-vue-componentaalto-quick-search"> <div class="aalto-quick-search" id="aaceb49e-86a1-4234-b62c-d5f3a856aeef"><div id="aalto-quicksearch2"></div> </div> </div> <div id="aalto-sidenav-title" class="aalto-sidenav-title aalto-header--at-top"> <button class="aalto-sidenav__toggle" id="hide-sidenav" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="sidenav"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-side_panel_hide" /> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Close side navigation</span> </button> <button class="aalto-sidenav__toggle hidden" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav" id="show-sidenav"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-side_panel_show" /> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Open side navigation</span> </button> <h1>Doctoral education</h1> </div> <div class="content-wrapper"> <div id="aalto-sidenav" class="aalto-sidenav open"> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled is-collapsed aalto-sidenav__links"> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education" > Doctoral education home </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__has-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/how-to-apply-for-doctoral-studies" > How to apply? </a> <div class="aalto-sidenav__accordion-title-container is-closed"> <button class="accordion__title aalto-sidenav__submenu-toggle is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle sub navigation How to apply?</span> </button> </div> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled is-collapsed aalto-sidenav__submenu"> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/why-aalto" > Why Aalto? </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/discover-your-research-topic-and-find-a-professor" > Research and researchers at Aalto </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/eligibility-and-language-requirements-in-doctoral-admissions" > Eligibility and language requirements </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/doctoral-programmes" > Doctoral programmes </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__has-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/doctoral-student-wellbeing-and-support" > Support of wellbeing </a> <div class="aalto-sidenav__accordion-title-container is-closed"> <button class="accordion__title aalto-sidenav__submenu-toggle is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle sub navigation Support of wellbeing</span> </button> </div> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled is-collapsed aalto-sidenav__submenu"> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/support-for-challenges-during-your-doctoral-studies" > Support for challenges </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__has-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/doctoral-studies" > Doctoral studies </a> <div class="aalto-sidenav__accordion-title-container is-closed"> <button class="accordion__title aalto-sidenav__submenu-toggle is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle sub navigation Doctoral studies</span> </button> </div> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled is-collapsed aalto-sidenav__submenu"> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/for-new-doctoral-students" > For new doctoral students </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/doctoral-personal-study-plan-dpsp" > Doctoral personal study plan </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/doctoral-courses-and-curriculum" > Courses and curriculum </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/right-to-study-doctoral-degree" > Right to study </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/language-of-doctoral-thesis-and-degree" > Language of studies and research </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/doctoral-student-forms" > Doctoral student forms </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__has-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/doctoral-research" > Doctoral research </a> <div class="aalto-sidenav__accordion-title-container is-closed"> <button class="accordion__title aalto-sidenav__submenu-toggle is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle sub navigation Doctoral research</span> </button> </div> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled is-collapsed aalto-sidenav__submenu"> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/researcher-skills-for-doctoral-students" > Researcher skills </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/doctoral-thesis-at-aalto-university" > Doctoral thesis </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/supervision-of-doctoral-studies" > Supervision </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/funding-your-doctoral-studies" > Funding </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/research-mobility-and-collaboration" > Research mobility and collaboration </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__has-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/evaluation-and-graduation" > Evaluation and graduation </a> <div class="aalto-sidenav__accordion-title-container is-closed"> <button class="accordion__title aalto-sidenav__submenu-toggle is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle sub navigation Evaluation and graduation</span> </button> </div> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled is-collapsed aalto-sidenav__submenu"> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/graduating-with-doctoral-degree" > Graduation </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/being-a-supervising-professor-or-thesis-advisor-at-aalto-university" > For supervising professors and thesis advisors </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/management-of-doctoral-education-at-aalto-university" > Management of doctoral education </a> </li> <li class="aalto-sidenav__no-submenu"> <a href="/en/services/doctoral-education-services" > Contact </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="aalto-article aalto-article--with-sidenav"> <div class="aalto-article__top-wrapper"> <div class="article-container aalto-article__top"> <div class="aalto-breadcrumb-container"> <nav aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <ol class="aalto-breadcrumb__list aalto-list-unstyled" vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="BreadcrumbList"><li class="aalto-breadcrumb__item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/en" class="aalto-breadcrumb__text" title="Front page" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><svg class="aalto-inline-icon"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-home" /></svg><span class="aalto-visually-hidden" property="name">Front page</span></a><meta property="position" content="1"></li><li class="aalto-breadcrumb__item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/en/doctoral-education" class="aalto-breadcrumb__text" title="Doctoral education" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Doctoral education</span></a><meta property="position" content="2"></li><li class="aalto-breadcrumb__item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><div class="aalto-breadcrumb__text" property="item" resource="https://www.aalto.fi/en/doctoral-education/what-are-doctoral-studies-like" typeof="WebPage" aria-current="page"><span property="name">What are doctoral studies like?</span></div><meta property="position" content="3"></li></ol> </nav> </div> <h1> What are doctoral studies like?</h1> <div class="aalto-article__ingress"> Doctoral studies are an excellent option when thinking about your next steps after earning a master’s degree or when contemplating a return to academia after building your professional career. As a doctoral student, you create new knowledge through your own research and learn to distinguish between reliable and false information. In this, you are supported by experienced Aalto University researchers. As a doctoral student, you are part of an international academic science community, and develop into an expert in your professional field. </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-article__hero-wrap full-bleed-container full-bleed-container--hero"> <div class="aalto-article__hero-container aalto-article__hero-container--default"> <figure> <div class=""> <div class="media-with-caption__container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_1040w_452h_n/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_79.jpg?h=cb1263b9&itok=EnfTvIqR 1040w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_1380w_600h_n/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_79.jpg?h=cb1263b9&itok=MaiPn2E2 1380w" media="all and (min-width: 900px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 1540px) 1380px, (min-width: 900px) calc(100vw - 160px), calc(100vw - 160px)" width="1380" height="600"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_567w_354h_n/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_79.jpg?h=cb1263b9&itok=dIWh9WAD 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_819w_512h_n/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_79.jpg?h=cb1263b9&itok=DD7N_eRl 819w" media="all and (max-width: 899px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 80px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="512"/> <img loading="eager" data-original-width="2500" data-original-height="1667" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_567w_354h_n/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_79.jpg?h=cb1263b9&itok=dIWh9WAD" width="567" height="354" alt="Two doctors raising their glasses to celebrate their promotion to doctors" /> </picture> </div> </div> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--text-text" lang="en" style=""> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="text-text"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>The majority of Aalto doctoral students are in an employment relationship with Aalto University during their studies, at least partly, and most belong to a research group. Applying for research funding for your doctoral thesis work is a key part of your doctoral education.</p> <p>Doctoral studies are tailored to your needs and focus on deepening your knowledge in the research topic of your choice. During your studies, you will be supported by a designated supervising professor and thesis advisor(s). Doctoral studies allow you to gain international expericence through conferences, exchange periods and visits for researchers, as well as through work in an international research group. You should also take time to network with experts and key organisations in your field during your doctoral studies. The normative duration of studies set for the doctoral degree is four years of full-time study.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--quote" lang="en" style=""> <div class="quote quote--theme4"> <div class="quote__wrapper article-container"> <div class="quote__container"> <svg class="quote__icon"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-quote_finnish" /></svg> <blockquote class="quote__text"> <p> I feel I received excellent supervision and got to be part of a team of outstanding researchers. </p> </blockquote> <cite class="quote__source"> Doctoral Graduate Survey 2022 </cite> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--text-text" lang="en" style=""> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="text-text"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><h2>Six doctoral programmes</h2> <p>Aalto University has altogether six doctoral programmes: </p> <ul> <li>four doctoral programmes leading to the degree of Doctor of Science (Technology)</li> <li>one doctoral programme leading to the Doctor of Science (Economics and Business Administration) degree and </li> <li>one doctoral programme leading to either the degree of Doctor of Arts (Art and Design) or Doctor of Science (Architecture). </li> </ul> <p>Each doctoral programme consists of multiple research fields for doctoral research. The university encourages its doctoral students to explore also multidisciplinary research topics as well as to deepen their language and generic skills during the studies.</p> <p>The practicalities of applying for doctoral studies vary by school. The schools of technology usually have salaried positions open for doctoral students. Those who are selected for such positions can apply for a right to study in the school’s doctoral programme. The School of Arts, Design and Architecture and the School of Business both have one application period each year for their doctoral programmes.</p> <h2>Doctoral education is valuable in the world of work</h2> <p>45 percent of doctoral students aim for an academic career. The rest plan to work in companies or in the public sector or as entrepreneurs. (Doctoral Graduate Survey 2022)</p> <p>Three years after graduation, one half of doctoral graduates are working as researchers, while one in four are in planning and development duties. 40% of graduates work in companies and one third at universities. As many as 3/4 are in expert positions. (Career monitoring survey 2022)</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--quote" lang="en" style=""> <div class="quote quote--theme4"> <div class="quote__wrapper article-container"> <div class="quote__container"> <svg class="quote__icon"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-quote_finnish" /></svg> <blockquote class="quote__text"> <p> I feel truly confident in my professional skills and knowledge after completing the doctoral programme. </p> </blockquote> <cite class="quote__source"> Doctoral Graduate Survey 2022 </cite> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--manual-liftup-medium aalto-liftup-m " lang="en" style=""> <div class="component-container"> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header"> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-content"> <h2 class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-title" id="liftup-title-id-190086533"> Read more </h2> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-container"> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-12/_A741679.jpg?h=e4e93fae&itok=Z8mWtlqZ 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2023-12/_A741679.jpg?h=e4e93fae&itok=ZwVs5W7D 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2023-12/_A741679.jpg?h=e4e93fae&itok=8k7yN_SA 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2023-12/_A741679.jpg?h=e4e93fae&itok=6-k5zZv0 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2500" data-original-height="1667" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-12/_A741679.jpg?h=e4e93fae&itok=Z8mWtlqZ" width="288" height="125" alt="A man with a doctor's hat on celebrating his promotion as a doctor with other doctors" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/doctoral-education/how-to-apply-for-doctoral-studies" title="How to apply for doctoral studies?"> How to apply for doctoral studies? </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">Find out what is required of applicants and what can our doctoral studies offer!</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">Doctoral education</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_41.jpg?h=92341b5c&itok=gU1yBVx8 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_41.jpg?h=92341b5c&itok=UoQZZNhJ 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_41.jpg?h=92341b5c&itok=oKZzwpsS 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_41.jpg?h=92341b5c&itok=78Dk4sKA 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2500" data-original-height="1667" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_41.jpg?h=92341b5c&itok=gU1yBVx8" width="288" height="125" alt="Rows of doctors sitting with their doctoral hats on, photographed from behind" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/results-of-the-doctoral-graduate-survey-2022" title="Results of the doctoral graduate survey 2022"> Results of the doctoral graduate survey 2022 </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">The majority of doctoral graduates in 2022 were satisfied with the education they received and were employed at the time of their graduation. Each doctoral student is asked to answer the survey when they graduate.</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2023-03-01T12:27:29+02:00">1.3.2023</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2019-09/kuva_techpromootio_paiva2019_photo_heli_sorjonen001.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=Rtd3bcap 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2019-09/kuva_techpromootio_paiva2019_photo_heli_sorjonen001.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=txkvxh-1 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2019-09/kuva_techpromootio_paiva2019_photo_heli_sorjonen001.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=E8Frxp4c 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2019-09/kuva_techpromootio_paiva2019_photo_heli_sorjonen001.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=fgwEcJR2 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2500" data-original-height="1667" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2019-09/kuva_techpromootio_paiva2019_photo_heli_sorjonen001.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=Rtd3bcap" width="288" height="125" alt="Tohtorinhatut promootiopäivänä" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/doctoral-education/doctoral-graduates-of-aalto-university-in-working-life" title="Doctoral graduates of Aalto University in working life"> Doctoral graduates of Aalto University in working life </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">Skills learned during doctoral education are valuable in working life<br /> </p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">Doctoral education</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_17.jpg?h=a62075eb&itok=C-4xItuQ 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_17.jpg?h=a62075eb&itok=J5KjM5az 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_17.jpg?h=a62075eb&itok=xqdTMzX3 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_17.jpg?h=a62075eb&itok=E1AWVwVU 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="4000" data-original-height="2667" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_17.jpg?h=a62075eb&itok=C-4xItuQ" width="288" height="125" alt="Doctors dressed in black celebrating their promotion as doctors" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/corporate-collaboration/international-doctoral-graduates-in-the-workforce-ready-for-future-challenges" title="International doctoral graduates in the workforce – ready for future challenges!"> International doctoral graduates in the workforce – ready for future challenges! </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">Global competence, good networks, and a doctoral degree are highly valued in the labour markets when companies are looking for game-changers.</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">Corporate collaboration</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--manual-liftup-medium aalto-liftup-m " lang="en" style=""> <div class="component-container"> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header"> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-content"> <h2 class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-title" id="liftup-title-id-716846881"> Experiences from our current doctoral students and graduates </h2> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-container"> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-06/Tohtoripalkitut.png?h=2240b8e9&itok=qqzTc208 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-06/Tohtoripalkitut.png?h=2240b8e9&itok=UzvwMFuJ 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-06/Tohtoripalkitut.png?h=2240b8e9&itok=QEdMZaPg 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-06/Tohtoripalkitut.png?h=2240b8e9&itok=O69_VBVu 819w" media="all" type="image/png" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="1200" data-original-height="628" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-06/Tohtoripalkitut.png?h=2240b8e9&itok=qqzTc208" width="288" height="125" alt="Henri Hentilä, Henrik Kahanpää & Alec Wright." /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/award-winning-doctors-in-electrical-engineering-share-their-favorite-aspects-of-their-doctoral" title=" Award-winning doctors in electrical engineering share their favorite aspects of their doctoral studies"> Award-winning doctors in electrical engineering share their favorite aspects of their doctoral studies </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">Elli Leppänen, Henri Hentilä, Henrik Kahanpää and Alec Wright were awarded for their outstanding dissertations</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2024-06-26T09:17:21+03:00">26.6.2024</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-09/Aalto_University_Annukka_Svanda_22-08-2023_by_Linda_Lehtovirta_I4C3454_crop.jpg?h=af53702d&itok=itM0IijA 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2023-09/Aalto_University_Annukka_Svanda_22-08-2023_by_Linda_Lehtovirta_I4C3454_crop.jpg?h=af53702d&itok=Dhwbsdj5 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2023-09/Aalto_University_Annukka_Svanda_22-08-2023_by_Linda_Lehtovirta_I4C3454_crop.jpg?h=af53702d&itok=sQ2z2e3z 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2023-09/Aalto_University_Annukka_Svanda_22-08-2023_by_Linda_Lehtovirta_I4C3454_crop.jpg?h=af53702d&itok=sQg-E0fO 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="5760" data-original-height="3240" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-09/Aalto_University_Annukka_Svanda_22-08-2023_by_Linda_Lehtovirta_I4C3454_crop.jpg?h=af53702d&itok=itM0IijA" width="288" height="125" alt="Annukka Svanda, photo by Linda Lehtovirta" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/annukka-svanda-its-important-to-challenge-yourself-to-do-hard-things" title="Annukka Svanda: It's important to challenge yourself to do hard things"> Annukka Svanda: It's important to challenge yourself to do hard things </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">'I believe that those of us who can and are capable have a duty to work to make the world a little better place all the time. For example, we can try to improve the situation of those who are not so well off.'</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2023-09-05T11:11:31+03:00">5.9.2023</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-03/image2201_22_2c.jpg?h=a45bc420&itok=eaiTx4UB 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-03/image2201_22_2c.jpg?h=a45bc420&itok=MKP2Ypeh 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-03/image2201_22_2c.jpg?h=a45bc420&itok=MwhEL76t 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-03/image2201_22_2c.jpg?h=a45bc420&itok=0v6TbcR_ 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2785" data-original-height="1608" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-03/image2201_22_2c.jpg?h=a45bc420&itok=eaiTx4UB" width="288" height="125" alt="An artistic rendition of a photo colliding with other particles." /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/bridging-gaps-in-reactor-damage-modelling-and-embracing-diversity-in-academia" title="Bridging gaps in reactor damage modelling and embracing diversity in academia"> Bridging gaps in reactor damage modelling and embracing diversity in academia </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">With a keen interest in electron-ion interactions, doctoral researcher Evgeniia Ponomareva describes her experience in the Nuclear Materials and Engineering (NuME) research group led by Assistant Professor Andrea Sand in the Department of Applied Physics.</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2024-03-01T13:53:01+02:00">1.3.2024</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-02/University_Pathway_Finland_joaquin_photo_Kalle_Kataila%20-20231207_0690_0.jpg?h=a9a73ac6&itok=vVGW8Vxt 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-02/University_Pathway_Finland_joaquin_photo_Kalle_Kataila%20-20231207_0690_0.jpg?h=a9a73ac6&itok=B3S7XGfW 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-02/University_Pathway_Finland_joaquin_photo_Kalle_Kataila%20-20231207_0690_0.jpg?h=a9a73ac6&itok=STdcTylf 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-02/University_Pathway_Finland_joaquin_photo_Kalle_Kataila%20-20231207_0690_0.jpg?h=a9a73ac6&itok=Q_uhsAt2 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2000" data-original-height="1334" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-02/University_Pathway_Finland_joaquin_photo_Kalle_Kataila%20-20231207_0690_0.jpg?h=a9a73ac6&itok=vVGW8Vxt" width="288" height="125" alt="Joaquín de la Barra Toloza standing in front of a blackboard" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/doctoral-education/finland-fellowship-provided-seven-months-of-funding-for-joaquin-during-his-phd-studies" title="Finland Fellowship provided seven months of funding for Joaquín during his Ph.D studies"> Finland Fellowship provided seven months of funding for Joaquín during his Ph.D studies </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">Finland Fellowship covered seven months’ salary for Joaquín when he moved from Chile to pursue his Ph.D studies at Aalto University. </p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">Doctoral education</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-10/Leonardo%20Fierro%201.jpeg?h=6ca585d7&itok=LB88CpwS 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2023-10/Leonardo%20Fierro%201.jpeg?h=6ca585d7&itok=4DNsqjyt 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2023-10/Leonardo%20Fierro%201.jpeg?h=6ca585d7&itok=BsCti4ZL 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2023-10/Leonardo%20Fierro%201.jpeg?h=6ca585d7&itok=BmlFg-zE 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="1066" data-original-height="866" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-10/Leonardo%20Fierro%201.jpeg?h=6ca585d7&itok=LB88CpwS" width="288" height="125" alt="Photo: Leonardo Fierro." /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/leonardo-fierro-sharing-experiences-for-a-better-doctoral-student-life" title="Leonardo Fierro: Sharing experiences for a better doctoral student life"> Leonardo Fierro: Sharing experiences for a better doctoral student life </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">'Now I’m less fearful of failing. I know how to put things into perspective. It was a good lesson to learn that failing is part of the process of succeeding.'</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2023-10-27T11:21:33+03:00">27.10.2023</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2022-04/Phillip_Back_photo_Roope_Kiviranta_2022_smaller.jpg?h=d43365a4&itok=2kP45FqZ 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2022-04/Phillip_Back_photo_Roope_Kiviranta_2022_smaller.jpg?h=d43365a4&itok=rwTrdC2E 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2022-04/Phillip_Back_photo_Roope_Kiviranta_2022_smaller.jpg?h=d43365a4&itok=2CPVCA7u 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2022-04/Phillip_Back_photo_Roope_Kiviranta_2022_smaller.jpg?h=d43365a4&itok=1S_dzr6J 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2908" data-original-height="1442" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2022-04/Phillip_Back_photo_Roope_Kiviranta_2022_smaller.jpg?h=d43365a4&itok=2kP45FqZ" width="288" height="125" alt="The picture shows doctoral student Philipp Back standing in a forest. The photo was taken by Roope Kiviranta. " /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/from-research-to-business-doctoral-student-philipp-back-and-team-initiate-forestry-startup-formation" title="From research to business: doctoral student Philipp Back and team initiate forestry startup formation"> From research to business: doctoral student Philipp Back and team initiate forestry startup formation </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">How can forest owners reconcile timber revenues, carbon sinks, and biodiversity? A multi-disciplinary research team combines economics, ecology, and machine learning to find the most productive way to manage forests sustainably. Now the team wants to bring their novel method to the market </p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2022-06-07T08:40:12+03:00">7.6.2022</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-01/Aalto_University_SUOMINEN_ANNIINA_25-09-2019_photo_EVELIN_KASK_060.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=QpNS1aFP 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-01/Aalto_University_SUOMINEN_ANNIINA_25-09-2019_photo_EVELIN_KASK_060.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=vxDFg5xK 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-01/Aalto_University_SUOMINEN_ANNIINA_25-09-2019_photo_EVELIN_KASK_060.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=NNJdyy3N 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-01/Aalto_University_SUOMINEN_ANNIINA_25-09-2019_photo_EVELIN_KASK_060.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=hzQ3Y7DI 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="4000" data-original-height="2667" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-01/Aalto_University_SUOMINEN_ANNIINA_25-09-2019_photo_EVELIN_KASK_060.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=QpNS1aFP" width="288" height="125" alt="Anniina Suominen Photo: Evelin Kask" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/novel-solutions-for-cross-sector-collaboration-exploring-artpreneurship" title="Novel solutions for cross-sector collaboration: exploring Artpreneurship"> Novel solutions for cross-sector collaboration: exploring Artpreneurship </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">Aalto researchers collaborate with businesses and creative professionals in a research project aimed at finding solutions to growth challenges.</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2024-01-30T16:19:38+02:00">30.1.2024</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2020-11/IMG_1804.jpg?h=1cb23b89&itok=OpvOOB9r 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2020-11/IMG_1804.jpg?h=1cb23b89&itok=yxYdx66I 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2020-11/IMG_1804.jpg?h=1cb23b89&itok=ZSLKu-gQ 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2020-11/IMG_1804.jpg?h=1cb23b89&itok=H_mCtwGf 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2957" data-original-height="2112" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2020-11/IMG_1804.jpg?h=1cb23b89&itok=OpvOOB9r" width="288" height="125" alt="Aalto ELEC's doctoral student Anastasiia Kravtcova" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/doctoral-student-anastasiia-kravtcova-doctoral-studies-can-be-a-combination-of-a-job-hobby-and" title="Doctoral student Anastasiia Kravtcova: “Doctoral studies can be a combination of a job, hobby and lifestyle”"> Doctoral student Anastasiia Kravtcova: “Doctoral studies can be a combination of a job, hobby and lifestyle” </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">The chance of making a societal impact motivated Anastasiia Kravtcova to pursue her doctoral studies and to dive into a groundbreaking topic in medical engineering at the School of Electrical Engineering.</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2020-11-09T10:27:58+02:00">9.11.2020</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--media-gallery" lang="en" style=""> <div class="paragraph paragraph--media-gallery paragraph--medium media-gallery--medium"> <div class="media-gallery component-container"> <div class="media-gallery__grid" data-cols="2"> <div class="media-gallery__item media-gallery__item--video-embed"> <figure role="figure" aria-label="Doctoral studies provide solid academic and professional expertise"> <div class="media-gallery__image"> <a href="/en/media/305281" aria-label="Doctoral studies provide solid academic and professional expertise" data-image-id="359401"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_682w_ah_d/public/oembed_thumbnails/W14JKemA27voqavo0R6rWe7u-pzhmOb7hbwl3waVHNQ.jpg?itok=oIX6HcIu 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1800px)" type="image/jpeg" width="682" height="512"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_682w_ah_d/public/oembed_thumbnails/W14JKemA27voqavo0R6rWe7u-pzhmOb7hbwl3waVHNQ.jpg?itok=oIX6HcIu 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1200px) and (max-width: 1799px)" type="image/jpeg" width="682" height="512"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_512w_ah_d/public/oembed_thumbnails/W14JKemA27voqavo0R6rWe7u-pzhmOb7hbwl3waVHNQ.jpg?itok=ATX_qr72 1x" media="all and (min-width: 900px)" type="image/jpeg" width="512" height="384"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_402w_ah_d/public/oembed_thumbnails/W14JKemA27voqavo0R6rWe7u-pzhmOb7hbwl3waVHNQ.jpg?itok=yLX3pUp0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 600px)" type="image/jpeg" width="402" height="302"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_280w_ah_d/public/oembed_thumbnails/W14JKemA27voqavo0R6rWe7u-pzhmOb7hbwl3waVHNQ.jpg?itok=Yc-_aCbd 1x" media="all and (max-width: 599px)" type="image/jpeg" width="280" height="210"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="480" data-original-height="360" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_280w_ah_d/public/oembed_thumbnails/W14JKemA27voqavo0R6rWe7u-pzhmOb7hbwl3waVHNQ.jpg?itok=Yc-_aCbd" width="280" height="210" alt="" /> </picture> </a> <div class="media-gallery__label"> <span>Watch video</span> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon media-gallery__play"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-play_circle"/></svg> </div> </div> <figcaption class="media-gallery__description">Doctoral studies provide solid academic and professional expertise</figcaption> </figure> <div class="media-gallery__content" style="display: none"> <div src="https://www.aalto.fi/en/media/oembed?url=https%3A//www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DjtYuWDszuWY&max_width=1280&max_height=720&hash=d-2SC-3PgD0nG3yduNsiv-75k2_LoAgyt8LEOTR8YAU" width="1280" height="720" class="media-oembed-content js-cookie-content-blocker cookie-content-blocker" loading="eager" title="Sähkötekniikan tohtoriopinnoista valmiuksia työelämään" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="cookie-content-blocker__message-wrapper"> <div class="cookie-content-blocker__preview"> <img src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/blocked_media_teaser/public/oembed_thumbnails/W14JKemA27voqavo0R6rWe7u-pzhmOb7hbwl3waVHNQ.jpg?itok=99twk3fw" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cookie-content-blocker__message-container"> <h2 class="cookie-content-blocker__header">We care about your privacy.</h2> <div class="cookie-content-blocker__message"> <p>You have not yet given permission to place the required cookies from YouTube.com. Accept the required cookies to view this content.</p> </div> <div class="cookie-content-blocker__buttons"> <button src="https://www.aalto.fi/en/media/oembed?url=https%3A//www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DjtYuWDszuWY&max_width=1280&max_height=720&hash=d-2SC-3PgD0nG3yduNsiv-75k2_LoAgyt8LEOTR8YAU" width="1280" height="720" class="media-oembed-content js-cookie-content-blocker cookie-content-blocker button cookie-content-blocker__button js-cookie-content-blocker-consent-change-button aalto-button aalto-button--primary" loading="eager" title="Sähkötekniikan tohtoriopinnoista valmiuksia työelämään" style="opacity: 0">Show content</button> <button class="cookie-content-blocker__settings aalto-button-as-link" onclick="Cookiebot.renew()">Cookie settings</button> </div> </div> </div>  <script class="js-cookie-content-blocker-content" type="text/plain"><iframe src="https://www.aalto.fi/en/media/oembed?url=https%3A//www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DjtYuWDszuWY&max_width=1280&max_height=720&hash=d-2SC-3PgD0nG3yduNsiv-75k2_LoAgyt8LEOTR8YAU" width="1280" height="720" class="media-oembed-content" loading="eager" title="Sähkötekniikan tohtoriopinnoista valmiuksia työelämään"></iframe> </script>  </div> <script> function showBlockers() { var blockers = document.querySelectorAll('.cookie-content-blocker'); for (var i = 0; i < blockers.length; i++) { blockers[i].style.cssText = 'opacity: 1;'; } } showBlockers(); </script> </div> </div> <div class="media-gallery__item media-gallery__item--video-embed"> <figure role="figure" aria-label="Marika Tervahartiala, a recently graduated Doctor of Arts shares her views on managing visual and artistic research data"> <div class="media-gallery__image"> <a href="/en/media/305286" aria-label="Marika Tervahartiala, a recently graduated Doctor of Arts shares her views on managing visual and artistic research data" data-image-id="359406"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_682w_ah_d/public/oembed_thumbnails/MR3GNxCuV60Rhz1A5ZbFsCkt79WBiJ_VKOT7cLJPdkk.jpg?itok=ZVr_CRou 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1800px)" type="image/jpeg" width="682" height="512"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_682w_ah_d/public/oembed_thumbnails/MR3GNxCuV60Rhz1A5ZbFsCkt79WBiJ_VKOT7cLJPdkk.jpg?itok=ZVr_CRou 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1200px) and (max-width: 1799px)" type="image/jpeg" width="682" height="512"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_512w_ah_d/public/oembed_thumbnails/MR3GNxCuV60Rhz1A5ZbFsCkt79WBiJ_VKOT7cLJPdkk.jpg?itok=Be6pa4vf 1x" media="all and (min-width: 900px)" type="image/jpeg" width="512" height="384"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_402w_ah_d/public/oembed_thumbnails/MR3GNxCuV60Rhz1A5ZbFsCkt79WBiJ_VKOT7cLJPdkk.jpg?itok=nLfC4UjH 1x" media="all and (min-width: 600px)" type="image/jpeg" width="402" height="302"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_280w_ah_d/public/oembed_thumbnails/MR3GNxCuV60Rhz1A5ZbFsCkt79WBiJ_VKOT7cLJPdkk.jpg?itok=6Y5WtNmU 1x" media="all and (max-width: 599px)" type="image/jpeg" width="280" height="210"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="480" data-original-height="360" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/o_280w_ah_d/public/oembed_thumbnails/MR3GNxCuV60Rhz1A5ZbFsCkt79WBiJ_VKOT7cLJPdkk.jpg?itok=6Y5WtNmU" width="280" height="210" alt="" /> </picture> </a> <div class="media-gallery__label"> <span>Watch video</span> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon media-gallery__play"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-play_circle"/></svg> </div> </div> <figcaption class="media-gallery__description">Marika Tervahartiala, a recently graduated Doctor of Arts shares her views on managing visual and artistic research data</figcaption> </figure> <div class="media-gallery__content" style="display: none"> <div src="https://www.aalto.fi/en/media/oembed?url=https%3A//youtu.be/NU-JIh7D0jw%3Fsi%3DieHOcmk5hLV8jzzo&max_width=1280&max_height=720&hash=RKzz7us4RC8jFmW44UvXkIEaN4oYDC5cYZ8aIOdG8cQ" width="1280" height="720" class="media-oembed-content js-cookie-content-blocker cookie-content-blocker" loading="eager" title="Marika Tervahartiala & Drawing: An approach to artistic research data" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="cookie-content-blocker__message-wrapper"> <div class="cookie-content-blocker__preview"> <img src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/blocked_media_teaser/public/oembed_thumbnails/MR3GNxCuV60Rhz1A5ZbFsCkt79WBiJ_VKOT7cLJPdkk.jpg?itok=VTnL9fc-" alt="" /> </div> <div class="cookie-content-blocker__message-container"> <h2 class="cookie-content-blocker__header">We care about your privacy.</h2> <div class="cookie-content-blocker__message"> <p>You have not yet given permission to place the required cookies from YouTube.com. Accept the required cookies to view this content.</p> </div> <div class="cookie-content-blocker__buttons"> <button src="https://www.aalto.fi/en/media/oembed?url=https%3A//youtu.be/NU-JIh7D0jw%3Fsi%3DieHOcmk5hLV8jzzo&max_width=1280&max_height=720&hash=RKzz7us4RC8jFmW44UvXkIEaN4oYDC5cYZ8aIOdG8cQ" width="1280" height="720" class="media-oembed-content js-cookie-content-blocker cookie-content-blocker button cookie-content-blocker__button js-cookie-content-blocker-consent-change-button aalto-button aalto-button--primary" loading="eager" title="Marika Tervahartiala & Drawing: An approach to artistic research data" style="opacity: 0">Show content</button> <button class="cookie-content-blocker__settings aalto-button-as-link" onclick="Cookiebot.renew()">Cookie settings</button> </div> </div> </div>  <script class="js-cookie-content-blocker-content" type="text/plain"><iframe src="https://www.aalto.fi/en/media/oembed?url=https%3A//youtu.be/NU-JIh7D0jw%3Fsi%3DieHOcmk5hLV8jzzo&max_width=1280&max_height=720&hash=RKzz7us4RC8jFmW44UvXkIEaN4oYDC5cYZ8aIOdG8cQ" width="1280" height="720" class="media-oembed-content" loading="eager" title="Marika Tervahartiala & Drawing: An approach to artistic research data"></iframe> </script>  </div> <script> function showBlockers() { var blockers = document.querySelectorAll('.cookie-content-blocker'); for (var i = 0; i < blockers.length; i++) { blockers[i].style.cssText = 'opacity: 1;'; } } showBlockers(); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-label="Media gallery" aria-hidden="true"> <a class="pswp__focus-forward" tabindex="0"></a> <a class="pswp__focus-backward" tabindex="0"></a>  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item" aria-hidden="true"></div> <div class="pswp__item" aria-hidden="true"></div> <div class="pswp__item" aria-hidden="true"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-content-bottom-wrapper content-container"> <div class="aalto-content-bottom-container"> <div class="aalto-content-bottom__updated"> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li> Published: <time datetime="2023-12-15T12:16:47+02:00">15.12.2023</time> </li> <li> Updated: <time datetime="2024-10-11T15:08:13+03:00">11.10.2024</time> </li> </ul> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="region region--footer"> <footer class="aalto-footer content-container"> <div class="aalto-footer__breadcrumb"> <div class="aalto-breadcrumb-container"> <nav aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <ol class="aalto-breadcrumb__list aalto-list-unstyled" vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="BreadcrumbList"><li class="aalto-breadcrumb__item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/en" class="aalto-breadcrumb__text" title="Front page" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><svg class="aalto-inline-icon"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-home" /></svg><span class="aalto-visually-hidden" property="name">Front page</span></a><meta property="position" content="1"></li><li class="aalto-breadcrumb__item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/en/doctoral-education" class="aalto-breadcrumb__text" title="Doctoral education" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Doctoral education</span></a><meta property="position" content="2"></li><li class="aalto-breadcrumb__item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><div class="aalto-breadcrumb__text" property="item" resource="https://www.aalto.fi/en/doctoral-education/what-are-doctoral-studies-like" typeof="WebPage" aria-current="page"><span property="name">What are doctoral studies like?</span></div><meta property="position" content="3"></li></ol> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__container"> <div class="aalto-footer__footer-column aalto-footer__footer-navigation-column"> <div class="aalto-footer__aalto-logo-container"> <a href="/en" class="aalto-footer__aalto-logo-link" title=Home aria-label=Home rel="home"> <svg class="aalto-footer__aalto-logo aalto-logo" viewBox="0 0 143 101"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_base/images/aalto_logo.svg#logo"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__address-container"> <div id="block-footeraddress" class="block block-block-content block-block-content9655a26e-c6be-4275-81a6-fb05dce0b6e1"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"> <p>Aalto University<br><br> P.O. Box 11000 (Otakaari 1B)<br><br> FI-00076 AALTO<br><br> Switchboard: +358 9 47001</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">Follow us:</h2> <ul class="aalto-footer__some-link-container aalto-list-unstyled"> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/aaltouniversity"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/aalto-university/"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--twitter" href="https://twitter.com/aaltouniversity"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">X (formerly Twitter)</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/aaltouniversity/"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Instagram</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/aaltouniversity"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Youtube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--snapchat" href="/snapchat"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Snapchat</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--blogs" href="https://ourblogs.aalto.fi/"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Blogs</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__footer-column aalto-footer__footer-navigation-column"> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">Quicklinks</h2> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/research-art">Research and artistic outputs</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/learning-centre">Library – Learning Centre</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/study-at-aalto">Admissions</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/for-alumni">Alumni</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/for-the-media">Media</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/it-services">IT services</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/aalto-university-open-university">Open University</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://shop.aalto.fi/">Aalto University Shop</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/site-index">Site index</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">Latest</h2> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/news">News</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/events">Events</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/open-positions">Careers</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__footer-column aalto-footer__footer-navigation-column"> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">Contact</h2> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/campus/campus-maps-addresses-and-opening-hours-in-otaniemi">Campus maps</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/aalto-university/aalto-university-contact-information">Contact information</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/aalto-university/ethical-channel">Ethical channel – Whistleblowing</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">For students</h2> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/student-guide">Student Guide</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://outlook.office.com">Webmail</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://mycourses.aalto.fi/?lang=fi">MyCourses</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://mystudies.aalto.fi">MyStudies</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://sis-aalto.funidata.fi/">Sisu</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__footer-column"> <div class="aalto-footer__liftup-box"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__liftup-title"> Together towards a better world. </h2> <p class="aalto-footer__liftup-text">Support new ideas, research, work and leadership development towards a stronger Finland.</p> <a class="aalto-button" href="/en/give-for-the-future">Donate to Aalto University</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-container"> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-links-container"> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-links"> <ul class="aalto-footer__bottom-links-list aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"><a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="/en/aalto-handbook/privacy-notice-for-aaltofi">Privacy notice</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"><a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="/en/aalto-handbook/cookie-policy">Cookie policy</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"><a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="/en/services/feedback-on-aaltofi">Feedback</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"><a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="/en/aalto-handbook/accessibility-statement-aalto-university">Accessibility statement</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"> <a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="javascript: Cookiebot.renew()">Cookie settings</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-links-container aalto-footer__bottom-links-container--language"> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-links"> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item aalto-subsite-footer__language-link-item"> <a href="/fi/tohtorinkoulutus/millaista-on-opiskelu-tohtoriohjelmassa" class="aalto-footer__bottom-link aalto-subsite-footer__language-link" lang="fi"><span>Suomeksi</span></a> </li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item aalto-subsite-footer__language-link-item"> <a href="/sv/doctoral-education/hur-ar-det-att-bedriva-doktorsstudier" class="aalto-footer__bottom-link aalto-subsite-footer__language-link" lang="sv"><span>Svenska</span></a> </li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item aalto-subsite-footer__language-link-item"> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/what-are-doctoral-studies-like" aria-current="true" class="aalto-footer__bottom-link aalto-subsite-footer__language-link" lang="en"><span>English</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div data-metadata="71e6ff3 2024-11-21 18:26:31 +0200" style="display:none;"></div> <script> (function(){ try{ var metadata = document.querySelector('div[data-metadata]'); var now = new Date(); var changed = new Date(now.getTime() + ((new Date(now.toLocaleString('en-US', {timeZone: 'Europe/Helsinki'}))) - (new Date(now.toLocaleString('en-US', {timeZone: 'GMT'}))))); metadata.setAttribute('data-timestamp',changed.toISOString().replace('T',' ').replace(/\.\d+Z/,' ') + metadata.getAttribute('data-metadata').replace(/.*\d+:\d+:\d+ /,'')); }catch(e){} })() </script> <script src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/js/js_JMCMFMI2V2JGNNgRtkjrrghwlSqPALqFmyL7YdNx210.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJx1j1FywyAMRC9klyMxa5CJYkCJkdP69nUC4zRx88Non4Y3WiCqWPjE2S7KkXU1OLKuMg9FxEqz2ae2YbJZlEd2UJZs3nLnRKaNOclKWe0QxU2bpuK-4b7h5hxQyHBCICvDmZzakbXtHu_I5iV1QSREsopggqbXiPCev3DGT_M97yvbIeY_2DoMomaf2u-IHJb7neWb1Z22Yh_432Z1TOQZNiBGmtfjurCnjFt38UMl_XVhN_WFMLuTGUV0t94WMjOSx1GjcrlbDvwhq65frOzNYA"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtm.js?snb905"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.js?snb905"></script> <script src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/js/js_wj7aYK7FzvtiNyolBxeuDlPVaoBSNcnhCoeysqxy1qU.js?scope=footer&delta=3&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJx1j1FywyAMRC9klyMxa5CJYkCJkdP69nUC4zRx88Non4Y3WiCqWPjE2S7KkXU1OLKuMg9FxEqz2ae2YbJZlEd2UJZs3nLnRKaNOclKWe0QxU2bpuK-4b7h5hxQyHBCICvDmZzakbXtHu_I5iV1QSREsopggqbXiPCev3DGT_M97yvbIeY_2DoMomaf2u-IHJb7neWb1Z22Yh_432Z1TOQZNiBGmtfjurCnjFt38UMl_XVhN_WFMLuTGUV0t94WMjOSx1GjcrlbDvwhq65frOzNYA"></script> <script src="/libraries/photoswipe/dist/photoswipe.min.js?snb905" async></script> <script src="/libraries/photoswipe/dist/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js?snb905" async></script> <script src="/themes/custom/aalto_base/js/aalto_photoswipe_init.js?snb905" async></script> <script src="/themes/custom/aalto_base/js/aalto_photo_gallery_grid.js?snb905" async></script> <script src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/js/js_lJ1wZpVZ3Cp_s2Zn21nSPtDV-69wofVqBkkjhWD-33w.js?scope=footer&delta=8&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJx1j1FywyAMRC9klyMxa5CJYkCJkdP69nUC4zRx88Non4Y3WiCqWPjE2S7KkXU1OLKuMg9FxEqz2ae2YbJZlEd2UJZs3nLnRKaNOclKWe0QxU2bpuK-4b7h5hxQyHBCICvDmZzakbXtHu_I5iV1QSREsopggqbXiPCev3DGT_M97yvbIeY_2DoMomaf2u-IHJb7neWb1Z22Yh_432Z1TOQZNiBGmtfjurCnjFt38UMl_XVhN_WFMLuTGUV0t94WMjOSx1GjcrlbDvwhq65frOzNYA"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-db714826d6dc6f30ac6","applicationID":"439323269","transactionName":"YVADYUZVDUNRBRYIDlgaIFZAXQxeHxYDBgRpVgBWXFE=","queueTime":2,"applicationTime":61,"atts":"TRcAFw5PHk0=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

What are doctoral studies like? | Aalto University