CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Religion in Mongolia - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"1573c43e-e799-4516-8e2a-657e91771bac","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Religion_in_Mongolia","wgTitle":"Religion in Mongolia","wgCurRevisionId":1270387569,"wgRevisionId":1270387569,"wgArticleId":13026239,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Commons category link from Wikidata","CS1: long volume value","Religion in Mongolia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Religion_in_Mongolia","wgRelevantArticleId":13026239,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3407423","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/GandanSunset.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="845"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/GandanSunset.jpg/800px-GandanSunset.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="563"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/GandanSunset.jpg/640px-GandanSunset.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="451"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Religion in Mongolia - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Religion_in_Mongolia rootpage-Religion_in_Mongolia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Religion+in+Mongolia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Religion+in+Mongolia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Religion+in+Mongolia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Religion+in+Mongolia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Main religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongolian_shamanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongolian_shamanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mongolian shamanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongolian_shamanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abrahamic_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abrahamic_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Abrahamic religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Abrahamic_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Abrahamic religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Abrahamic_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Religion in Mongolia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="الدين في منغوليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الدين في منغوليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religionen_in_der_Mongolei" title="Religionen in der Mongolei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Religionen in der Mongolei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B3n_en_Mongolia" title="Religión en Mongolia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Religión en Mongolia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_en_Mongolie" title="Religion en Mongolie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Religion en Mongolie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="몽골의 종교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몽골의 종교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="मंगोलिया में धर्म – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मंगोलिया में धर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religioni_in_Mongolia" title="Religioni in Mongolia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Religioni in Mongolia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="რელიგია მონღოლეთში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რელიგია მონღოლეთში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Религија во Монголија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Религија во Монголија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%88%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Монгол дахь шашин шүтлэг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Монгол дахь шашин шүтлэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Религия в Монголии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Религия в Монголии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feja_n%C3%AB_Mongoli" title="Feja në Mongoli – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Feja në Mongoli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ศาสนาในประเทศมองโกเลีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศาสนาในประเทศมองโกเลีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="蒙古国宗教 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒙古国宗教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3407423#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Religion_in_Mongolia" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Religion_in_Mongolia" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&oldid=1270387569" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Religion_in_Mongolia&id=1270387569&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FReligion_in_Mongolia"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FReligion_in_Mongolia"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Mongolia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3407423" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Purple; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2272.175778494px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 791.58150883059px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 344.20225766692px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 190.31049331139px; border-left-color:honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:honeydew"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:10.661115427526px 99.4300790397px 0 0; border-top-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Mongolia (census 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Gold; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (51.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:honeydew; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a> (40.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (3.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolian shamanism</a> (2.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (1.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Other (0.7%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GandanSunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/GandanSunset.jpg/220px-GandanSunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/GandanSunset.jpg/330px-GandanSunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/GandanSunset.jpg/440px-GandanSunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>Megjid Janraisig Temple, the main temple of <a href="/wiki/Gandantegchinlen_Monastery" title="Gandantegchinlen Monastery">Gandantegchinlen Monastery</a>, the major monastery of <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Buddhism">Mongolian Buddhism</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Religion in <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></b> has been traditionally dominated by the schools of <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Buddhism">Mongolian Buddhism</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolian shamanism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">ethnic religion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>. Historically, through their <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> the Mongols were <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Religion in the Mongol Empire">exposed to the influences</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, although these religions never came to dominate. During the <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> period of the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolian People's Republic</a> (1924–1992) all religions were suppressed, but with the transition to the parliamentary republic in the 1990s there has been a general revival of faiths. </p><p>According to the national census of 2020, 51.7% of the Mongolians identify as Buddhists, 40.6% as <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">non-religious</a>, 3.2% as Muslims (predominantly of <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakh</a> ethnicity), 2.5% as followers of the Mongol shamanic tradition, 1.3% as Christians, and 0.7% as followers of other religions.<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Religion </th> <th colspan="2">2010<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFFFC0;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></td> <td align="right">1,459,983</td> <td align="right">53.0</td> <td align="right">1,704,480</td> <td align="right">51.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0FFC0;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td align="right">82,641</td> <td align="right">3.0</td> <td align="right">105,500</td> <td align="right">3.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD0C0;"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolian shamanism</a></td> <td align="right">79,886</td> <td align="right">2.9</td> <td align="right">82,422</td> <td align="right">2.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td align="right">60,603</td> <td align="right">2.2</td> <td align="right">42,859</td> <td align="right">1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0E0F0;">Other religion</td> <td align="right">11,019</td> <td align="right">0.4</td> <td align="right">23,078</td> <td align="right">0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DCDCDC;">Non-religious</td> <td align="right">1,063,308</td> <td align="right">38.6</td> <td align="right">1,338,528</td> <td align="right">40.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total population</b></td> <td align="right"><b>2,754,685</b></td> <td align="right"><b>100</b></td> <td align="right"><b>3,296,866</b></td> <td align="right"><b>100</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_religions">Main religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Main religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Buddhism in Mongolia</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> in Mongolia began with the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> (1271–1368) emperors' conversion to <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> returned to indigenous shamanic traditions after the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>, but Buddhism reemerged in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. During the communist <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolian People's Republic</a> (1924–1992), Buddhism was suppressed with an estimated 17,000 monks being killed under the regime, official figures show.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">collapse of communism in the 1990s</a>, there has been a resurgence of Buddhism in the country, both within the fold of the traditional monastic institution and through the spread of <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a>-inspired and <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheism</a>-inspired <a href="/wiki/New_religious_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="New religious movements">new religious movements</a> of Buddhism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbrahms-Kavunenko2012292_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbrahms-Kavunenko2012292-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2020 census of Mongolia, 51.7% of the population, that is 1,704,480 people, are adherents of Buddhism.<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dashchoilin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yurt pavilion of Dashchoilin Monastery in Ulaanbaatar, example of aboriginal Mongolian architecture."><img alt="Yurt pavilion of Dashchoilin Monastery in Ulaanbaatar, example of aboriginal Mongolian architecture." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Dashchoilin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator_%281%29.jpg/150px-Dashchoilin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Dashchoilin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator_%281%29.jpg/225px-Dashchoilin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Dashchoilin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator_%281%29.jpg/300px-Dashchoilin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1503" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yurt" title="Yurt">Yurt</a> pavilion of Dashchoilin Monastery in <a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a>, example of aboriginal <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian architecture">Mongolian architecture</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Puntsoglin Monastery, an example of Sino-Tibetan-influenced Mongolian architecture."><img alt="Puntsoglin Monastery, an example of Sino-Tibetan-influenced Mongolian architecture." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD.JPG/150px-%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD.JPG/225px-%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD.JPG/300px-%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1286" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Puntsoglin Monastery, an example of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">Sino</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tibetan_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan architecture">Tibetan</a>-influenced Mongolian architecture.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddhist_nunnery_in_Mongolia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dulmalin Nunnery, a nunnery (female monastery) in Ulaanbaatar, and another example of Sino-Tibetan architecture."><img alt="Dulmalin Nunnery, a nunnery (female monastery) in Ulaanbaatar, and another example of Sino-Tibetan architecture." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Buddhist_nunnery_in_Mongolia.jpg/150px-Buddhist_nunnery_in_Mongolia.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Buddhist_nunnery_in_Mongolia.jpg/225px-Buddhist_nunnery_in_Mongolia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Buddhist_nunnery_in_Mongolia.jpg/300px-Buddhist_nunnery_in_Mongolia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dulmalin Nunnery, a nunnery (female monastery) in Ulaanbaatar, and another example of Sino-Tibetan architecture.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stupa_of_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stupa of Dambadarjaalin Monastery in Ulaanbaatar."><img alt="Stupa of Dambadarjaalin Monastery in Ulaanbaatar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Stupa_of_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg/112px-Stupa_of_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Stupa_of_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg/169px-Stupa_of_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Stupa_of_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg/225px-Stupa_of_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">Stupa</a> of Dambadarjaalin Monastery in Ulaanbaatar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuvdenpeljeelin.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tuvdenpeljeelin Temple, a modern temple of Mongolian Buddhist astrology in Ulaanbaatar."><img alt="Tuvdenpeljeelin Temple, a modern temple of Mongolian Buddhist astrology in Ulaanbaatar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tuvdenpeljeelin.JPG/150px-Tuvdenpeljeelin.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tuvdenpeljeelin.JPG/225px-Tuvdenpeljeelin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tuvdenpeljeelin.JPG/300px-Tuvdenpeljeelin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1658" data-file-height="1122" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tuvdenpeljeelin Temple, a modern temple of Mongolian Buddhist astrology in Ulaanbaatar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaduvlin_FPMT_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shaduvlin Temple, a modern temple of the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition."><img alt="Shaduvlin Temple, a modern temple of the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Shaduvlin_FPMT_Centre.jpg/150px-Shaduvlin_FPMT_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Shaduvlin_FPMT_Centre.jpg/225px-Shaduvlin_FPMT_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Shaduvlin_FPMT_Centre.jpg/300px-Shaduvlin_FPMT_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="1004" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shaduvlin Temple, a modern temple of the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_the_Preservation_of_the_Mahayana_Tradition" title="Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition">Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mongolian_shamanism">Mongolian shamanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mongolian shamanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolian shamanism</a></div> <p>Mongolian shamanism, more broadly called the Mongolian folk religion, or occasionally Tengrism, refers to the <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animistic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">ethnic religion</a> that has been practiced by the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> at least since the age of <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded history</a>. The Mongolian name of the practice is <i>Böö mörgöl</i> (Бөө мөргөл). In the earliest known stages it was tied to all other aspects of social life and to the tribal organization of Mongolian society. When the Mongols adopted Buddhism, Mongolian shamanism was influenced and merged with the new religion. During the communist republic of the twentieth century it was heavily repressed, but after the fall of communism it was revived. According to the 2020 census, 2.5% of the population of Mongolia, that is 82,422 people, declare that they are shamans.<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mongolian shamanism is centered on the worship of the <i><a href="/wiki/Tngri" title="Tngri">tngri</a></i> (gods) and the highest <i><a href="/wiki/Tengri" title="Tengri">Tenger</a></i> ("Heaven", "God of Heaven", or "God"), also called <i><a href="/wiki/Qormusta_Tengri" class="mw-redirect" title="Qormusta Tengri">Qormusta Tengri</a></i>. In the Mongolian folk religion, Genghis Khan is considered one of the embodiments, if not the main embodiment, of the supreme God. The <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Genghis_Khan" title="Mausoleum of Genghis Khan">Mausoleum of Genghis Khan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos City</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>, is an important center of this tradition. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yellow_shamanism" title="Yellow shamanism">Yellow shamanism</a> is the term used to designate the particular version of Mongolian shamanism which adopts the expressive style of Buddhism. "Yellow" indicates Buddhism in Mongolian culture, since most Buddhists there belong to what is called the <i><a href="/wiki/Gelug" title="Gelug">Gelug</a></i> or "Yellow sect" of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, whose members wear yellow hats while performing rituals. The term also serves to distinguish it from a form of shamanism not influenced by Buddhism, called <a href="/wiki/Black_shamanism" title="Black shamanism">black shamanism</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MongolianShamanism_(18).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yurt-shaped shamanic temple in Ulaanbaatar."><img alt="Yurt-shaped shamanic temple in Ulaanbaatar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/MongolianShamanism_%2818%29.jpg/150px-MongolianShamanism_%2818%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/MongolianShamanism_%2818%29.jpg/225px-MongolianShamanism_%2818%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/MongolianShamanism_%2818%29.jpg/300px-MongolianShamanism_%2818%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4294" data-file-height="2843" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yurt" title="Yurt">Yurt</a>-shaped shamanic temple in Ulaanbaatar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MongolianShamanism_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of a shamanic temple in Ulaanbaatar."><img alt="Interior of a shamanic temple in Ulaanbaatar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/MongolianShamanism_%285%29.jpg/150px-MongolianShamanism_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/MongolianShamanism_%285%29.jpg/225px-MongolianShamanism_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/MongolianShamanism_%285%29.jpg/300px-MongolianShamanism_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4515" data-file-height="2989" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of a shamanic temple in Ulaanbaatar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongol_Shaman_just_before_rituals..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shamans preparing themselves to perform a rite at the Blue Pearl Festival at Lake Khövsgöl, in Khövsgöl Province."><img alt="Shamans preparing themselves to perform a rite at the Blue Pearl Festival at Lake Khövsgöl, in Khövsgöl Province." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Mongol_Shaman_just_before_rituals..jpg/150px-Mongol_Shaman_just_before_rituals..jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Mongol_Shaman_just_before_rituals..jpg/225px-Mongol_Shaman_just_before_rituals..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Mongol_Shaman_just_before_rituals..jpg/300px-Mongol_Shaman_just_before_rituals..jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shamans preparing themselves to perform a rite at the Blue Pearl Festival at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Kh%C3%B6vsg%C3%B6l" title="Lake Khövsgöl">Lake Khövsgöl</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%B6vsg%C3%B6l_Province" title="Khövsgöl Province">Khövsgöl Province</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongolian_Shaman_performing_Fire_Ritual_Customs_to_worship_Khovgol_lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shaman performing a fire ritual at Lake Khövsgöl."><img alt="Shaman performing a fire ritual at Lake Khövsgöl." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mongolian_Shaman_performing_Fire_Ritual_Customs_to_worship_Khovgol_lake.jpg/150px-Mongolian_Shaman_performing_Fire_Ritual_Customs_to_worship_Khovgol_lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mongolian_Shaman_performing_Fire_Ritual_Customs_to_worship_Khovgol_lake.jpg/225px-Mongolian_Shaman_performing_Fire_Ritual_Customs_to_worship_Khovgol_lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mongolian_Shaman_performing_Fire_Ritual_Customs_to_worship_Khovgol_lake.jpg/300px-Mongolian_Shaman_performing_Fire_Ritual_Customs_to_worship_Khovgol_lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shaman performing a fire ritual at Lake Khövsgöl.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongolian_shamanic_ovoo_above_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An ovoo on the sacred mount above Dambadarjaalin Monastery in Ulaanbaatar."><img alt="An ovoo on the sacred mount above Dambadarjaalin Monastery in Ulaanbaatar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mongolian_shamanic_ovoo_above_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg/150px-Mongolian_shamanic_ovoo_above_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mongolian_shamanic_ovoo_above_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg/225px-Mongolian_shamanic_ovoo_above_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mongolian_shamanic_ovoo_above_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg/300px-Mongolian_shamanic_ovoo_above_Dambadarjaalin_Monastery_in_Ulan_Bator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An <a href="/wiki/Ovoo" title="Ovoo">ovoo</a> on the sacred mount above Dambadarjaalin Monastery in Ulaanbaatar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongol_shamanic_temple_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shamanic temple on Chingeltei Uul, near Ulaanbaatar."><img alt="Shamanic temple on Chingeltei Uul, near Ulaanbaatar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Mongol_shamanic_temple_%282%29.jpg/150px-Mongol_shamanic_temple_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Mongol_shamanic_temple_%282%29.jpg/225px-Mongol_shamanic_temple_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Mongol_shamanic_temple_%282%29.jpg/300px-Mongol_shamanic_temple_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shamanic temple on <a href="/wiki/Chingeltei" title="Chingeltei">Chingeltei</a> Uul, near Ulaanbaatar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%B6rg%C3%B6n_Nuur_lake,_West_Mongolia,_Khovd_aimag,_ovoo_at_the_southern_shore.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Janjin Ovoo at the southern shore of Dörgön Lake, in Govi-Altai Province."><img alt="Janjin Ovoo at the southern shore of Dörgön Lake, in Govi-Altai Province." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/D%C3%B6rg%C3%B6n_Nuur_lake%2C_West_Mongolia%2C_Khovd_aimag%2C_ovoo_at_the_southern_shore.JPG/150px-D%C3%B6rg%C3%B6n_Nuur_lake%2C_West_Mongolia%2C_Khovd_aimag%2C_ovoo_at_the_southern_shore.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/D%C3%B6rg%C3%B6n_Nuur_lake%2C_West_Mongolia%2C_Khovd_aimag%2C_ovoo_at_the_southern_shore.JPG/225px-D%C3%B6rg%C3%B6n_Nuur_lake%2C_West_Mongolia%2C_Khovd_aimag%2C_ovoo_at_the_southern_shore.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/D%C3%B6rg%C3%B6n_Nuur_lake%2C_West_Mongolia%2C_Khovd_aimag%2C_ovoo_at_the_southern_shore.JPG/300px-D%C3%B6rg%C3%B6n_Nuur_lake%2C_West_Mongolia%2C_Khovd_aimag%2C_ovoo_at_the_southern_shore.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Janjin <a href="/wiki/Ovoo" title="Ovoo">Ovoo</a> at the southern shore of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6rg%C3%B6n_Lake" title="Dörgön Lake">Dörgön Lake</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Govi-Altai_Province" title="Govi-Altai Province">Govi-Altai Province</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abrahamic_religions">Abrahamic religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Abrahamic religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Mongolia" title="Christianity in Mongolia">Christianity in Mongolia</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in Mongolia is the religion of 42,859 people according to the 2020 census, corresponding to 1.3% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christians in Mongolia include <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormons</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZuunmodChurch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Protestant church in Zuunmod, Töv Province."><img alt="Protestant church in Zuunmod, Töv Province." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/ZuunmodChurch.jpg/150px-ZuunmodChurch.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/ZuunmodChurch.jpg/225px-ZuunmodChurch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/ZuunmodChurch.jpg/300px-ZuunmodChurch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="618" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Protestant church in <a href="/wiki/Zuunmod" title="Zuunmod">Zuunmod</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6v_Province" title="Töv Province">Töv Province</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Ulaanbaatar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral in Ulaanbaatar, see of the Apostolic Prefecture of Ulaanbaatar of the Catholic Church."><img alt="Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral in Ulaanbaatar, see of the Apostolic Prefecture of Ulaanbaatar of the Catholic Church." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Ulaanbaatar.jpg/150px-Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Ulaanbaatar.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Ulaanbaatar.jpg/225px-Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Ulaanbaatar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Ulaanbaatar.jpg/300px-Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_Ulaanbaatar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2049" data-file-height="1537" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Cathedral_(Ulaanbaatar)" title="Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral (Ulaanbaatar)">Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral</a> in Ulaanbaatar, see of the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Prefecture_of_Ulaanbaatar" title="Apostolic Prefecture of Ulaanbaatar">Apostolic Prefecture of Ulaanbaatar</a> of the Catholic Church.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongolia,_Sukhbaatar,_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mormon meetinghouse in Sükhbaatar, Selenge Province."><img alt="Mormon meetinghouse in Sükhbaatar, Selenge Province." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mongolia%2C_Sukhbaatar%2C_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints.jpg/150px-Mongolia%2C_Sukhbaatar%2C_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mongolia%2C_Sukhbaatar%2C_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints.jpg/225px-Mongolia%2C_Sukhbaatar%2C_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mongolia%2C_Sukhbaatar%2C_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints.jpg/300px-Mongolia%2C_Sukhbaatar%2C_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mormon meetinghouse in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCkhbaatar_(city)" title="Sükhbaatar (city)">Sükhbaatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selenge_Province" title="Selenge Province">Selenge Province</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mongolia" title="Islam in Mongolia">Islam in Mongolia</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in Mongolia is the religion of 105,500 people as of the 2020 census, corresponding to 3.2% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is mostly the religion of the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakh</a> ethnic minority residing in the areas of <a href="/wiki/Bayan-%C3%96lgii_Province" title="Bayan-Ölgii Province">Bayan-Ölgii Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khovd_Province" title="Khovd Province">Khovd Province</a> in western Mongolia. However, Kazakh communities may be found in cities and towns throughout all Mongolia. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgan_mosque,_Bayan-%C3%96lgii_province,_Mongolia.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosque in Bulgan, Bayan-Ölgii Province, a province inhabited predominantly by Kazakh Muslims"><img alt="Mosque in Bulgan, Bayan-Ölgii Province, a province inhabited predominantly by Kazakh Muslims" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bulgan_mosque%2C_Bayan-%C3%96lgii_province%2C_Mongolia.JPG/150px-Bulgan_mosque%2C_Bayan-%C3%96lgii_province%2C_Mongolia.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bulgan_mosque%2C_Bayan-%C3%96lgii_province%2C_Mongolia.JPG/225px-Bulgan_mosque%2C_Bayan-%C3%96lgii_province%2C_Mongolia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bulgan_mosque%2C_Bayan-%C3%96lgii_province%2C_Mongolia.JPG/300px-Bulgan_mosque%2C_Bayan-%C3%96lgii_province%2C_Mongolia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mosque in Bulgan, <a href="/wiki/Bayan-%C3%96lgii_Province" title="Bayan-Ölgii Province">Bayan-Ölgii Province</a>, a province inhabited predominantly by Kazakh Muslims</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%96lgii_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosque in Ölgii, Bayan-Ölgii"><img alt="Mosque in Ölgii, Bayan-Ölgii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%C3%96lgii_Mosque.jpg/150px-%C3%96lgii_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%C3%96lgii_Mosque.jpg/225px-%C3%96lgii_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%C3%96lgii_Mosque.jpg/300px-%C3%96lgii_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="903" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mosque in <a href="/wiki/%C3%96lgii_(city)" title="Ölgii (city)">Ölgii</a>, Bayan-Ölgii</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nalaikh_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosque in Nalaikh, Ulaanbaatar"><img alt="Mosque in Nalaikh, Ulaanbaatar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nalaikh_Mosque.jpg/150px-Nalaikh_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nalaikh_Mosque.jpg/225px-Nalaikh_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nalaikh_Mosque.jpg/300px-Nalaikh_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mosque in <a href="/wiki/Nalaikh" title="Nalaikh">Nalaikh</a>, Ulaanbaatar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darkhan-Uul_Cultural_Center_and_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosque in Darkhan, Darkhan-Uul"><img alt="Mosque in Darkhan, Darkhan-Uul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Darkhan-Uul_Cultural_Center_and_Mosque.jpg/150px-Darkhan-Uul_Cultural_Center_and_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Darkhan-Uul_Cultural_Center_and_Mosque.jpg/225px-Darkhan-Uul_Cultural_Center_and_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Darkhan-Uul_Cultural_Center_and_Mosque.jpg/300px-Darkhan-Uul_Cultural_Center_and_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3778" data-file-height="2834" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mosque in <a href="/wiki/Darkhan_(city)" title="Darkhan (city)">Darkhan</a>, Darkhan-Uul</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_religions">Other religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith_in_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í Faith in Mongolia">Bahá'í Faith in Mongolia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Mongolia" title="Hinduism in Mongolia">Hinduism in Mongolia</a></div> <p>The 2020 census counted 23,078 people who were adherents of religions other than Buddhism, Mongolian shamanism, Islam or Christianity, corresponding to 0.7% of the total population of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í Faith">Bahá'í Faith</a> was introduced in Mongolia only in the 1980s and 1990s, as prior to that point the communist ideology suppressed religions and impeded the spread of new ones. The first Bahá'í arrived in Mongolia in 1988, and founded a community of believers, later establishing a Bahá'í <a href="/wiki/Local_Spiritual_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Spiritual Assembly">Local Spiritual Assembly</a>. In 1994, the Bahá'ís elected their first <a href="/wiki/National_Spiritual_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="National Spiritual Assembly">National Spiritual Assembly</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> too has spread into Mongolia in the 1990s, after the collapse of the communist republic. The <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">International Society for Krishna Consciousness</a> (Hare Krishna) and <a href="/wiki/Patanjali_Yogpeeth" title="Patanjali Yogpeeth">Patanjali Yogpeeth</a> have established themselves in Mongolia; at the same time some Mongolian Buddhists have incorporated Hindu concepts and techniques into their Buddhist religion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbrahms-Kavunenko2012292_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbrahms-Kavunenko2012292-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="Religion in Inner Mongolia">Religion in Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Religion in China</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2020census-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020census_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020census_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020census_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020census_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020census_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020census_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020census_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020census_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020census_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web-old.archive.org/web/20201107230731/https://tuv.nso.mn/uploads/users/87/files/Khun_am_toollogo.pdf">"2020 Population and Housing Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Statistics Office of Mongolia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tuv.nso.mn/uploads/users/87/files/Khun_am_toollogo.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Population+and+Housing+Census&rft.pub=National+Statistics+Office+of+Mongolia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftuv.nso.mn%2Fuploads%2Fusers%2F87%2Ffiles%2FKhun_am_toollogo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/4572/download/58223">"2010 Population and Housing Census"</a>. National Statistics Office of Mongolia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Population+and+Housing+Census&rft.pub=National+Statistics+Office+of+Mongolia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.ihsn.org%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F4572%2Fdownload%2F58223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reuters_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2018" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Natalie (2018-06-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-mongolia-monks-idUKKCN1J104O">"Young monks lead revival of Buddhism in Mongolia after years of repression"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters.&rft.atitle=Young+monks+lead+revival+of+Buddhism+in+Mongolia+after+years+of+repression.&rft.date=2018-06-04&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-mongolia-monks-idUKKCN1J104O&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbrahms-Kavunenko2012292-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbrahms-Kavunenko2012292_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbrahms-Kavunenko2012292_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbrahms-Kavunenko2012">Abrahms-Kavunenko 2012</a>, p. 292.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Mongolia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Religion in Mongolia">Religion in Mongolia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbrahms-Kavunenko2012" class="citation journal cs1">Abrahms-Kavunenko, Saskia (1 January 2012). "Religious 'Revival' After Socialism? Eclecticism and Globalisation Amongst Lay Buddhists in Ulaanbaatar". <i>Inner Asia</i>. <b>14</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">279–</span>297. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22105018-90000005">10.1163/22105018-90000005</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24572065">24572065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inner+Asia&rft.atitle=Religious+%27Revival%27+After+Socialism%3F+Eclecticism+and+Globalisation+Amongst+Lay+Buddhists+in+Ulaanbaatar&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E279-%3C%2Fspan%3E297&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22105018-90000005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24572065%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Abrahms-Kavunenko&rft.aufirst=Saskia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbrahms-Kavunenko2019" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Abrahms-Kavunenko, Saskia (2019). "Mongolian Buddhism in the Democratic Period". <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199340378.013.618">10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.618</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199340378" title="Special:BookSources/9780199340378"><bdi>9780199340378</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mongolian+Buddhism+in+the+Democratic+Period&rft.btitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedia+of+Religion&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199340378.013.618&rft.isbn=9780199340378&rft.aulast=Abrahms-Kavunenko&rft.aufirst=Saskia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood1996" class="citation journal cs1">Atwood, Christopher P. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web-old.archive.org/web/20201115162512/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/225167994.pdf">"Buddhism and Popular Ritual in Mongolian Religion: A Reexamination of the Fire Cult"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>History of Religions</i>. <b>36</b> (2). University of Chicago Press: <span class="nowrap">112–</span>139. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F463455">10.1086/463455</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162394887">162394887</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/225167994.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Religions&rft.atitle=Buddhism+and+Popular+Ritual+in+Mongolian+Religion%3A+A+Reexamination+of+the+Fire+Cult&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E112-%3C%2Fspan%3E139&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F463455&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162394887%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Atwood&rft.aufirst=Christopher+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F225167994.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalogh2010" class="citation journal cs1">Balogh, Matyas (2010). "Contemporary shamanisms in Mongolia". <i>Asian Ethnicity</i>. <b>11</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">229–</span>238. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14631361003779489">10.1080/14631361003779489</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145595446">145595446</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Ethnicity&rft.atitle=Contemporary+shamanisms+in+Mongolia&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E238&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14631361003779489&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145595446%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Balogh&rft.aufirst=Matyas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBumochir2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bumochir, D. (2014). "Institutionalization of Mongolian shamanism: from primitivism to civilization". <i>Asian Ethnicity</i>. <b>15</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">473–</span>491. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14631369.2014.939331">10.1080/14631369.2014.939331</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145329835">145329835</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Ethnicity&rft.atitle=Institutionalization+of+Mongolian+shamanism%3A+from+primitivism+to+civilization&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E473-%3C%2Fspan%3E491&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14631369.2014.939331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145329835%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bumochir&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharleux2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Charleux, Isabelle (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web-old.archive.org/web/20200226161302/https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00613828/document">"Chinggis Khan: Ancestor, Buddha or Shaman?"</a>. <i>Mongolian Studies</i>. 30/31 (4). Mongolia Society: <span class="nowrap">207–</span>258. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43193542">43193542</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00613828/document">the original</a> on 26 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mongolian+Studies&rft.atitle=Chinggis+Khan%3A+Ancestor%2C+Buddha+or+Shaman%3F&rft.volume=30%2F31&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E207-%3C%2Fspan%3E258&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43193542%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Charleux&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhalshs.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhalshs-00613828%2Fdocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDashkovskiy2015" class="citation journal cs1">Dashkovskiy, Petr (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sbspro.2015.03.422">"Ethnic and Religious Processes in Western Mongolia (Based on Social Research)"</a>. <i>Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences</i>. <b>185</b>: <span class="nowrap">109–</span>116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sbspro.2015.03.422">10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.422</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Procedia+-+Social+and+Behavioral+Sciences&rft.atitle=Ethnic+and+Religious+Processes+in+Western+Mongolia+%28Based+on+Social+Research%29&rft.volume=185&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E116&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.sbspro.2015.03.422&rft.aulast=Dashkovskiy&rft.aufirst=Petr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.sbspro.2015.03.422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeissig1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walther_Heissig" title="Walther Heissig">Heissig, Walther</a> (1980) [1970]. <i>The Religions of Mongolia</i>. Translated by Geoffrey Samuel. London; Henley: Routledge; Kegan Paul. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520038578" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520038578"><bdi>978-0520038578</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religions+of+Mongolia&rft.place=London%3B+Henley&rft.pub=Routledge%3B+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0520038578&rft.aulast=Heissig&rft.aufirst=Walther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHesse1986" class="citation journal cs1">Hesse, Klaus (1986). "A Note on the Transformation of White, Black and Yellow Shamanism in the History of the Mongols". <i>Studies in History</i>. <b>2</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">17–</span>30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F025764308600200102">10.1177/025764308600200102</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162239153">162239153</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+History&rft.atitle=A+Note+on+the+Transformation+of+White%2C+Black+and+Yellow+Shamanism+in+the+History+of+the+Mongols&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F025764308600200102&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162239153%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hesse&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKollmar-Paulenz2017" class="citation book cs1">Kollmar-Paulenz, Karénina (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web-old.archive.org/web/20200218233523/https://boris.unibe.ch/96647/1/%5B9783110450934%20-%20Dynamics%20of%20Religion%5D%20Of%20Yellow%20Teaching%20and%20Black%20Faith_%20Entangled%20Knowledge%20Cultures%20and%20the%20Creation%20of%20Religious%20Traditions-1.pdf">"Of Yellow Teaching and Black Faith: Entangled Knowledge Cultures and the Creation of Religious Traditions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Bochinger, Christoph; Rüpke, Jörg (eds.). <i>Dynamics of Religion. Past and Present</i>. De Gruyter. pp. <span class="nowrap">231–</span>250. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110450934-013">10.1515/9783110450934-013</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110450927" title="Special:BookSources/9783110450927"><bdi>9783110450927</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boris.unibe.ch/96647/1/%5B9783110450934%20-%20Dynamics%20of%20Religion%5D%20Of%20Yellow%20Teaching%20and%20Black%20Faith_%20Entangled%20Knowledge%20Cultures%20and%20the%20Creation%20of%20Religious%20Traditions-1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Of+Yellow+Teaching+and+Black+Faith%3A+Entangled+Knowledge+Cultures+and+the+Creation+of+Religious+Traditions&rft.btitle=Dynamics+of+Religion.+Past+and+Present&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E231-%3C%2Fspan%3E250&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110450934-013&rft.isbn=9783110450927&rft.aulast=Kollmar-Paulenz&rft.aufirst=Kar%C3%A9nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboris.unibe.ch%2F96647%2F1%2F%255B9783110450934%2520-%2520Dynamics%2520of%2520Religion%255D%2520Of%2520Yellow%2520Teaching%2520and%2520Black%2520Faith_%2520Entangled%2520Knowledge%2520Cultures%2520and%2520the%2520Creation%2520of%2520Religious%2520Traditions-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMan2004" class="citation book cs1">Man, John (2004). <i>Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection</i>. London, England: Bantam Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780553814989" title="Special:BookSources/9780553814989"><bdi>9780553814989</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genghis+Khan%3A+Life%2C+Death+and+Resurrection&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Bantam+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780553814989&rft.aulast=Man&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlehe2004" class="citation conference cs1">Schlehe, Judith (2004). "Shamanism in Mongolia and in New Age Movements". In Rasuly-Paleczek, Gabriele (ed.). <i>Central Asia on Display: Proceedings of the VIIth Conference of the European Society for Central Asian Studies</i>. Vol. 1. Vienna: Lit Verlag. pp. <span class="nowrap">283–</span>296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3825883094" title="Special:BookSources/3825883094"><bdi>3825883094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Shamanism+in+Mongolia+and+in+New+Age+Movements&rft.btitle=Central+Asia+on+Display%3A+Proceedings+of+the+VIIth+Conference+of+the+European+Society+for+Central+Asian+Studies&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E283-%3C%2Fspan%3E296&rft.pub=Lit+Verlag&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=3825883094&rft.aulast=Schlehe&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRinchen1981" class="citation journal cs1">Rinchen, Yönsiyebü (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web-old.archive.org/web/20201111012709/https://utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/uram.4.2.94">"White, Black and Yellow Shamans Among the Mongols"</a>. <i>Ultimate Reality and Meaning</i>. <b>4</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">94–</span>102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Furam.4.2.94">10.3138/uram.4.2.94</a></span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/uram.4.2.94">the original</a> on 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ultimate+Reality+and+Meaning&rft.atitle=White%2C+Black+and+Yellow+Shamans+Among+the+Mongols&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E94-%3C%2Fspan%3E102&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Furam.4.2.94&rft.aulast=Rinchen&rft.aufirst=Y%C3%B6nsiyeb%C3%BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futpjournals.press%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.3138%2Furam.4.2.94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShimamura2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ippei_Shimamura" title="Ippei Shimamura">Shimamura, Ippei</a> (2004). "Yellow Shamans (Mongolia)". In Walter, Mariko Namba; Neumann Fridman, Eva Jane (eds.). <i>Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture</i>. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">649–</span>651. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576076453" title="Special:BookSources/9781576076453"><bdi>9781576076453</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yellow+Shamans+%28Mongolia%29&rft.btitle=Shamanism%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+World+Beliefs%2C+Practices%2C+and+Culture&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E649-%3C%2Fspan%3E651&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781576076453&rft.aulast=Shimamura&rft.aufirst=Ippei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2016" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Kevin B. (2016). <i>Sky Shamans of Mongolia: Meetings with Remarkable Healers</i>. Berkeley, California: North Atlantic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781583946343" title="Special:BookSources/9781583946343"><bdi>9781583946343</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sky+Shamans+of+Mongolia%3A+Meetings+with+Remarkable+Healers&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pub=North+Atlantic+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781583946343&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Kevin+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace2015" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Vesna A., ed. (2015). <i>Buddhism in Mongolian History, Culture, and Society</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199958665" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199958665"><bdi>978-0199958665</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhism+in+Mongolian+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Society&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0199958665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Mongolia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_in_Asia412" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Asia412" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Religion in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bahrain" title="Religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brunei" title="Religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Egypt" title="Religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jordan" title="Religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kuwait" title="Religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lebanon" title="Religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Maldives" title="Religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Myanmar" title="Religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oman" title="Religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Qatar" title="Religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Singapore" title="Religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Timor-Leste" title="Religion in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen" title="Religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Abkhazia" title="Religion in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Ossetia" title="Religion in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&oldid=1270387569">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&oldid=1270387569</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Mongolia" title="Category:Religion in Mongolia">Religion in Mongolia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 January 2025, at 08:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Mongolia&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Religion in Mongolia</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>14 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-8xv6m","wgBackendResponseTime":133,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.559","walltime":"0.696","ppvisitednodes":{"value":15298,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":88972,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7923,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":86254,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 623.479 1 -total"," 29.22% 182.182 1 Template:Asia_topic"," 28.68% 178.819 1 Template:Navbox"," 15.77% 98.335 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.09% 94.069 56 Template:Iso2country"," 12.93% 80.641 2 Template:Cite_web"," 10.50% 65.461 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.52% 53.132 1 Template:Commons_category"," 8.21% 51.198 1 Template:Sister_project"," 7.98% 49.730 1 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.294","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7761417,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbrahms-Kavunenko2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbrahms-Kavunenko2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAtwood1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalogh2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBumochir2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharleux2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDashkovskiy2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeissig1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHesse1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKollmar-Paulenz2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMan2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRinchen1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlehe2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShimamura2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallace2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Asia topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Religion In Mongolia\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5b65fffc7d-5np8t","timestamp":"20250216130809","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Religion in Mongolia","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religion_in_Mongolia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3407423","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3407423","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-08-30T23:42:28Z","dateModified":"2025-01-19T08:22:30Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6c\/GandanSunset.jpg","headline":"religion in the country"}</script> </body> </html>