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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fount of honour</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Fons honorum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fons honorum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fons_honorum" title="Fons honorum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fons honorum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang_punggung_kehormatan" title="Tulang punggung kehormatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tulang punggung kehormatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fons_honorum" title="Fons honorum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fons honorum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fons_honorum" title="Fons honorum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fons honorum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fons_honorum" title="Fons honorum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fons honorum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Источник чести – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Источник чести" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96" title="Джерело честі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джерело честі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1884636#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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has the exclusive right of conferring legitimate <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">titles of nobility</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_chivalry" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of chivalry">orders of chivalry</a> on other persons. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fount_of_honour&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a>, European <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knights</a> were essentially armoured, mounted warriors.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a>, by virtue of its defining characteristic of <a href="/wiki/Subinfeudation" title="Subinfeudation">subinfeudation</a>, it was common practice for knights commander to confer knighthoods upon their finest <a href="/wiki/Man-at-arms" title="Man-at-arms">soldiers</a>, who in turn had the right to confer knighthood on others upon attaining command.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For most of the Middle Ages, it was possible for private individuals to form orders of chivalry.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest existing order of chivalry, the <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Order of Saint John</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was formed as a private organization<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which later received official sanction from church and state.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 13th century witnessed the trend of monarchs, beginning with Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> (as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sicily">King of Sicily</a>) in 1231,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> retaining the right of <i>fons honorum</i> as a <a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">royal prerogative</a>, gradually abrogating the right of knights to elevate their esquires to knighthood.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the end of <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a> and the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Nation-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Nation-state">nation-state</a>, orders and knighthoods, along with titles of nobility (in the case of monarchies), became the domain of the monarchs (heads of state) to reward their loyal subjects (citizens)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – in other words, the heads of state became their nations' <i>"fountains of honour"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the old-style military knights resented what they considered to be a royal <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/encroachment" class="extiw" title="wikt:encroachment">encroachment</a> on their independence. The British <a href="/wiki/Social_anthropologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Social anthropologist">social anthropologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_A._Pitt-Rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian A. Pitt-Rivers">Julian A. Pitt-Rivers</a>, noted that "while the sovereign is the 'fount of honour' in one sense, he is also the enemy of honour in another, since he claims to arbitrate in regard to it."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the early thirteenth century, when an unknown author composed <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Histoire_de_Guillaume_le_Marechal" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Histoire de Guillaume le Marechal">L'Histoire de Guillaume le Marechal</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a verse biography of <a href="/wiki/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke">William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke</a>, often regarded as the greatest medieval English knight<sup id="cite_ref-Kaeuper_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaeuper-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Richard W. Kaeuper notes that "the author bemoans the fact that, in his day, the spirit of chivalry has been imprisoned; the life of the <a href="/wiki/Knight_errant" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight errant">knight errant</a>, he charges, has been reduced to that of the litigant in courts."<sup id="cite_ref-Kaeuper_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaeuper-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legality_of_honours_today">Legality of honours today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fount_of_honour&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legality of honours today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The question whether an order is a legitimate <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Chivalric order">chivalric order</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Self-styled_orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-styled orders">self-styled order</a> coincides with the subject of the <i>fons honorum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A legitimate fount of honour is a person or entity who holds <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> when the order is awarded. Ultimately, it is the authority of the state, whether exercised by a reigning monarch or the president of a republic, that distinguishes orders of chivalry from private organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-Duren_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duren-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hieronymussen_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hieronymussen-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Canada, for example, other persons – whether commoners, knights or nobles – no longer have the right to confer titles of nobility, knighthoods or orders of chivalry on others.<sup id="cite_ref-McCreery_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCreery-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official website of the British monarchy<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> states: "As the 'fountain of honour' in the United Kingdom, The [Monarch] has the sole right of conferring all titles of honour, including life peerages, knighthoods and gallantry awards."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some private societies in the United Kingdom (such as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Humane_Society" title="Royal Humane Society">Royal Humane Society</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-JDS761_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDS761-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have permission from the monarch to award medals which may be worn by those in uniform provided the private society's medal is worn on the right-side rather than the usual left.<sup id="cite_ref-JDS761_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDS761-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Spain the fount of honour is <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe VI of Spain">King Felipe VI</a> as the head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-Spain_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In France, only decorations recognised by the Grand Chancery of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> may be worn publicly, and permission must be sought and granted to wear any foreign awards or decorations. <a href="/wiki/Dynastic_order" title="Dynastic order">Dynastic orders</a> are prohibited unless the dynasty in question is currently recognised as sovereign.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (For example, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order" title="Royal Victorian Order">Royal Victorian Order</a> is explicitly recognised, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus" title="Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus">Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus</a> is not.)<sup id="cite_ref-drimm_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drimm-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Failure to comply is punishable by law. A non-exhaustive list of collectively authorised orders is published by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-drimm_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drimm-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>These two dispositions are meant to protect the ensemble of authentic national and foreign distinctions by attempting to prevent the attire of fake decorations. These may stem from territorial entities which have not acceded to sovereignty or even from countries, nations, empires or kingdoms that are the pure and simple products of someone's overactive imagination, a fan of fiction or even a megalomaniac, if not purely mercantile acts or even the patent intention to abuse and swindle others.</p></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President of the Portuguese Republic</a> has inherited the duties of fount of honour from the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Portugal">Portuguese monarchs</a>, since, unlike titles of nobility, the <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Portugal" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Portugal">Portuguese orders of chivalry</a> were not extinguished with the <a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">Republican Revolution</a> in 1910. The current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Portugal" title="Constitution of Portugal">Constitution of Portugal</a> alternatively styles the President as the "Grand Master of the Portuguese Honorific Orders" (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Grão-Mestre das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas</i>);<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in this capacity, the President can wear as a private insignia the <a href="/wiki/Sash_of_the_Three_Orders" title="Sash of the Three Orders">Sash of the Three Orders</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has become a symbol of the Portuguese presidential magistracy. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Papal_Orders_of_Knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Orders of Knighthood">Papal Orders of Knighthood</a> comprise five orders awarded directly by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> and two others which it 'recognises and supports': the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a>. In response to queries regarding the Catholic Church's relationship to a large number of self-proclaimed Roman Catholic chivalric orders, the Holy See issued a statement in 2012 stating that any body other than its own seven approved orders, 'whether of recent origin or mediaeval foundation, are not recognised by the Holy See' and that 'the Holy See does not guarantee their historical or juridical legitimacy, their ends or organisational structures... to prevent the continuation of abuses which may result in harm to people of good faith, the Holy See confirms that it attributes absolutely no value whatsoever to certificates of membership or insignia issued by these groups, and it considers inappropriate the use of churches or chapels for their so-called "ceremonies of investiture".'<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="This claim needs a reference to a independent, third-party source. (September 2023)">third-party source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fount_of_honour&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_honours_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian honours system">Australian honours system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_honours_system" class="mw-redirect" title="British honours system">British honours system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_honours_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian honours system">Canadian honours system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_nobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of nobility">Titles of nobility</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fount_of_honour&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSpielvogel2010" class="citation book cs1">Spielvogel, Jackson J. (January 2010). <i>Western civilization : a brief history</i> (7th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780495571476" title="Special:BookSources/9780495571476"><bdi>9780495571476</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+civilization+%3A+a+brief+history&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=179&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Wadsworth%2FCengage+Learning&rft.date=2010-01&rft.isbn=9780495571476&rft.aulast=Spielvogel&rft.aufirst=Jackson+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGautier1891" class="citation book cs1">Gautier, Léon, translated from French by Henry Frith (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chivalry01gautgoog"><i>Chivalry</i></a>. Glasgow: G. Routledge and Sons. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780517686355" title="Special:BookSources/9780517686355"><bdi>9780517686355</bdi></a>. <q>Every knight has the power to create knights</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chivalry&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=G.+Routledge+and+Sons&rft.date=1891&rft.isbn=9780517686355&rft.aulast=Gautier&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9on%2C+translated+from+French+by+Henry+Frith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchivalry01gautgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWollock2011" class="citation book cs1">Wollock, Jennifer G. (2011). <i>Rethinking chivalry and courtly love</i>. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780275984885" title="Special:BookSources/9780275984885"><bdi>9780275984885</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rethinking+chivalry+and+courtly+love&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780275984885&rft.aulast=Wollock&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnna2003" class="citation book cs1">Anna, Luigi G. De, ed. (2003). <i>Milites pacis : Military and peace services in the history of Chivalric orders : proceedings of the Conference: The Monks of War - the Monks of Peace, Military and Peace Services in the History of Chivalric Orders, Turku 15. - 26. 5- 2001</i>. Turku: Univ. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789512924257" title="Special:BookSources/9789512924257"><bdi>9789512924257</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milites+pacis+%3A+Military+and+peace+services+in+the+history+of+Chivalric+orders+%3A+proceedings+of+the+Conference%3A+The+Monks+of+War+-+the+Monks+of+Peace%2C+Military+and+Peace+Services+in+the+History+of+Chivalric+Orders%2C+Turku+15.+-+26.+5-+2001&rft.place=Turku&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Univ.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9789512924257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnn_Ball2003" class="citation book cs1">Ann Ball (2003). <i>Encyclopedia of Catholic devotions and practices</i>. Introduction by Neil Roy. Huntington, Ind.: Our Sunday Visitor. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879739102" title="Special:BookSources/9780879739102"><bdi>9780879739102</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Catholic+devotions+and+practices&rft.place=Huntington%2C+Ind.&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=Our+Sunday+Visitor&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780879739102&rft.au=Ann+Ball&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunson]2004" class="citation book cs1">Bunson], Matthew Bunson ; foreword by Archbishop Timothy M. Dolan ; [interior art by Margaret (2004). <i>OSV's encyclopedia of Catholic history</i> (Rev. [ed.]. ed.). Huntington, Ind.: Our Sunday Visitor Pub. Division. p. 602. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781592760268" title="Special:BookSources/9781592760268"><bdi>9781592760268</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OSV%27s+encyclopedia+of+Catholic+history&rft.place=Huntington%2C+Ind.&rft.pages=602&rft.edition=Rev.+%5Bed.%5D.&rft.pub=Our+Sunday+Visitor+Pub.+Division&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781592760268&rft.aulast=Bunson%5D&rft.aufirst=Matthew+Bunson+%3B+foreword+by+Archbishop+Timothy+M.+Dolan+%3B+%5Binterior+art+by+Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson2006" class="citation book cs1">Stevenson, Katie (2006). <i>Chivalry and knighthood in Scotland, 1424-1513</i>. Woodbridge [u.a.]: Boydell Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843831921" title="Special:BookSources/9781843831921"><bdi>9781843831921</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chivalry+and+knighthood+in+Scotland%2C+1424-1513&rft.place=Woodbridge+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781843831921&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=Katie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills1861" class="citation book cs1">Mills, Charles (1861). <i>The history of chivalry</i>. Philadelphia: H.C. Carey and I. Lea. p. 34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+chivalry&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=H.C.+Carey+and+I.+Lea&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBush1988" class="citation book cs1">Bush, M.L. (1988). <i>Rich noble, poor noble</i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719023811" title="Special:BookSources/9780719023811"><bdi>9780719023811</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rich+noble%2C+poor+noble&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780719023811&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=M.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCreery2005" class="citation book cs1">McCreery, Christopher (2005). <i>The Order of Canada : its origins, history, and development</i> (Reprint ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 3–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802039408" title="Special:BookSources/9780802039408"><bdi>9780802039408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Order+of+Canada+%3A+its+origins%2C+history%2C+and+development&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=3-16&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780802039408&rft.aulast=McCreery&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pitt-Rivers, Julian, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iscte.pt/~fgvs/Pitt-Rivers_Honour.pdf">"Honor and Social Status"</a>, in Jean G. Peristany, ed., <i>Honour and Shame: The Values of Mediterranean Society</i>, 20-77 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965), 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Meyer, <i>L'Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal</i> (Paris: <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_l%27histoire_de_France" title="Société de l'histoire de France">Société de l'histoire de France</a>, 1891–1901), with partial translation of the original sources into <a href="/wiki/Modern_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern French">Modern French</a>. Edition, <i>History of William Marshal</i> (3 vols): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lhistoiredeguill01meyeuoft">Volume 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lhistoiredeguill02meyeuoft">Volume 2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lhistoiredeguill03meyeuoft">Volume 3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaeuper-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaeuper_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaeuper_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaeuper1999" class="citation book cs1">Kaeuper, Richard W. (1999). <i>Chivalry and violence in medieval Europe</i> (Repr. ed.). Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198207306" title="Special:BookSources/9780198207306"><bdi>9780198207306</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chivalry+and+violence+in+medieval+Europe&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=95&rft.edition=Repr.&rft.pub=Oxford+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780198207306&rft.aulast=Kaeuper&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatikkala2008" class="citation book cs1">Matikkala, Antti (2008). <i>The orders of knighthood and the formation of the British honours system, 1660-1760</i>. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. pp. 211–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843834236" title="Special:BookSources/9781843834236"><bdi>9781843834236</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+orders+of+knighthood+and+the+formation+of+the+British+honours+system%2C+1660-1760&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pages=211-13&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781843834236&rft.aulast=Matikkala&rft.aufirst=Antti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duren-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duren_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuren1995" class="citation book cs1">Duren, Peter Bander van (1995). <i>Orders of knighthood and of merit : the pontifical, religious and secularised Catholic-founded Orders and their relationship to the Apostolic See</i>. Gerrards Cross: Smythe. pp. 307–94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780861403714" title="Special:BookSources/9780861403714"><bdi>9780861403714</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orders+of+knighthood+and+of+merit+%3A+the+pontifical%2C+religious+and+secularised+Catholic-founded+Orders+and+their+relationship+to+the+Apostolic+See.&rft.place=Gerrards+Cross&rft.pages=307-94&rft.pub=Smythe&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780861403714&rft.aulast=Duren&rft.aufirst=Peter+Bander+van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hieronymussen-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hieronymussen_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHieronymussenCrowleyphotographed_by_Aage_Strüwing;_(translated_into_English_by_Christine)1970" class="citation book cs1">Hieronymussen, Paul; Crowley; photographed by Aage Strüwing; (translated into English by Christine) (1970). <i>Orders, medals, and decorations of Britain and Europe in colour</i> (2d ed.). London: Blandford Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0713704454" title="Special:BookSources/0713704454"><bdi>0713704454</bdi></a>. <q>In practice, it may be found that the Royal Knighthoods still extant and the true Orders of Merit are identical, but they can differ in their external presentation. The Order can be either the prerogative of The Sovereign, which means that the reigning member of the Royal House rules the institution as the Master of the Order, or it can be a State institution, the President of the country, as Grand Master of the State Orders, having the final decision in all question concerning the Order.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orders%2C+medals%2C+and+decorations+of+Britain+and+Europe+in+colour&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2d&rft.pub=Blandford+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0713704454&rft.aulast=Hieronymussen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Crowley&rft.au=photographed+by+Aage+Str%C3%BCwing%3B+%28translated+into+English+by+Christine%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCreery-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCreery_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCreery2008" class="citation book cs1">McCreery, Christopher (2008). <i>Maple leaf and the white cross : a history of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in Canada</i>. Toronto, Ont.: Dundurn. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781550027402" title="Special:BookSources/9781550027402"><bdi>9781550027402</bdi></a>. <q>Before the Royal Charter of Incorporation of 1888, the Order of St. John had no official status in Britain or throughout the British Empire as an honour. The situation was not unlike that now experienced by bodies using the name designation The Order of St. Lazarus. The Order of St. John was simply a charitable organization that involved itself in the teaching of first aid ambulance duties that happened to have attached to it an order of chivalry; on that was unrecognized by all relevant authorities--the Order of Malta, Papal officials, and, most important, the government of the United Kingdom...The involvement of the Prince of Wales was central in affording legitimacy to the Order as it evolved from what was little more than a private club to an official British order of chivalry engaged in important charitable works</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maple+leaf+and+the+white+cross+%3A+a+history+of+the+Venerable+Order+of+the+Hospital+of+St+John+of+Jerusalem+in+Canada.&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Ont.&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781550027402&rft.aulast=McCreery&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/Home.aspx">"The Royal Family"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Family&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FHome.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116034858/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Honours/Honours.aspx">"Queen and Honours"</a>. <i>The Official website of the British Monarchy</i>. London: The Royal Household. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Honours/Honours.aspx">the original</a> on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2012</span>. <q>As the 'fountain of honour' the Queen has the sole right of conferring all titles of honour, including life peerages, knighthoods and gallantry awards.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+website+of+the+British+Monarchy&rft.atitle=Queen+and+Honours&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FMonarchUK%2FHonours%2FHonours.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JDS761-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JDS761_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDS761_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190611120128/https://ndm-pr.webs.com/jsp761%5B1%5D.pdf"><i>JSP 761: Honours and Awards in the Armed Forces</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (2nd ed.). London: Joint Service Publication, Ministry of Defense. May 2008. pp. 12B–4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ndm-pr.webs.com/jsp761%5b1%5d.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2019-06-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2012</span>. <q>only the Life Saving Medal of the Order of St John, The Royal Humane Society medals, Stanhope Gold Medal and the medal of The Royal National Lifeboat Institution may be worn on the right side of the chest</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JSP+761%3A+Honours+and+Awards+in+the+Armed+Forces&rft.place=London&rft.pages=12B-4&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Joint+Service+Publication%2C+Ministry+of+Defense&rft.date=2008-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fndm-pr.webs.com%2Fjsp761%5B1%5D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TZ1RAAAAYAAJ&q=Regulations+concerning+the+Royal+Humane+Society+Medal&pg=PA287"><i>The King's regulations and orders for the army</i></a>. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1908. p. 287.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+King%27s+regulations+and+orders+for+the+army&rft.place=London&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=His+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTZ1RAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DRegulations%2Bconcerning%2Bthe%2BRoyal%2BHumane%2BSociety%2BMedal%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spain-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spain_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casareal.es/EN/corona/Paginas/la-corona-hoy_papel-jefe.aspx">"The Crown Today: Functions of the Head of State"</a>. <i>Official Page of The Royal Household of His Majesty the King</i>. www.casareal.es owned by the House of His Majesty the King (Palacio de la Zarzuela, Madrid 28071, Spain)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2012</span>. <q>Pursuant to the Constitution, the King is a symbol of the unity of the State, and as such, it is incumbent upon him to participate in important State acts...It is also incumbent upon the King to...Confer civil and military positions, as well as award honours and distinctions (Article 62 f).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Page+of+The+Royal+Household+of+His+Majesty+the+King&rft.atitle=The+Crown+Today%3A+Functions+of+the+Head+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.casareal.es%2FEN%2Fcorona%2FPaginas%2Fla-corona-hoy_papel-jefe.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006071007">Code de la légion d'honneur et de la médaille militaire</a>, article R160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drimm-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-drimm_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drimm_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223213703/http://www.drimm.fr/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=75&Itemid=45">"Guide - Décorations étrangères - Constitution d'un dossier de demande d'autorisation de port de décorations étrangères"</a> [Guide - Foreign decorations - Creation of an application form for authorization to wear foreign decorations] (in French). drimm.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drimm.fr/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=75&Itemid=45">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(DOC)</span> on 23 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+-+D%C3%A9corations+%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res+-+Constitution+d%27un+dossier+de+demande+d%27autorisation+de+port+de+d%C3%A9corations+%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res&rft.pub=drimm.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drimm.fr%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_docman%26task%3Ddoc_download%26gid%3D75%26Itemid%3D45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101009160305/http://legiondhonneur.fr/shared/en/en_ordresdecorations/en_addispopenale.html">"Dispositions pénales relatives aux décorations"</a> [Penal provisions relating to decorations]. <i>Grande Chancellerie de la Légion d'honneur</i>. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legiondhonneur.fr/shared/en/en_ordresdecorations/en_addispopenale.html">the original</a> on 9 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2012</span>. <q>These two dispositions are meant to protect the ensemble of authentic national and foreign distinctions by attempting to prevent the attire of fake decorations. These may stem from territorial entities which have not acceded to sovereignty or even from countries, nations, empires or kingdoms that are the pure and simple products of someone's overactive imagination, a fan of fiction or even a megalomaniac, if not purely mercantile acts or even the patent intention to abuse and swindle others.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grande+Chancellerie+de+la+L%C3%A9gion+d%27honneur&rft.atitle=Dispositions+p%C3%A9nales+relatives+aux+d%C3%A9corations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegiondhonneur.fr%2Fshared%2Fen%2Fen_ordresdecorations%2Fen_addispopenale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlamento.pt/Legislacao/paginas/constituicaorepublicaportuguesa.aspx">"Constituição da República Portuguesa (VII Revisão Constitucional)"</a>. <i>Assembleia da República</i> (in Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Assembleia+da+Rep%C3%BAblica&rft.atitle=Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+Rep%C3%BAblica+Portuguesa+%28VII+Revis%C3%A3o+Constitucional%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlamento.pt%2FLegislacao%2Fpaginas%2Fconstituicaorepublicaportuguesa.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=163&idi=604">"Lei das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas"</a>. <i>Presidência da República</i> (in Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Presid%C3%AAncia+da+Rep%C3%BAblica&rft.atitle=Lei+das+Ordens+Honor%C3%ADficas+Portuguesas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordens.presidencia.pt%2F%3Fidc%3D163%26idi%3D604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20161018232302/http://www.news.va/en/news/note-of-clarification-from-the-secretariat-of-stat">"Note of Clarification from the Secretariat of State (Holy See)"</a> (Press release). December 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.va/en/news/note-of-clarification-from-the-secretariat-of-stat">the original</a> on 2016-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Note+of+Clarification+from+the+Secretariat+of+State+%28Holy+See%29&rft.date=2012-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.va%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fnote-of-clarification-from-the-secretariat-of-stat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFount+of+honour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phaleristics" title="Template:Phaleristics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phaleristics" title="Template talk:Phaleristics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phaleristics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phaleristics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Phaleristics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Phaleristics" title="Phaleristics">Phaleristics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_sciences_of_history" title="Auxiliary sciences of history">Auxiliary science of history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">numismatics</a> about <a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Distinctions</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Lists_of_awards" title="Lists of awards">Lists</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By conferee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Founts of honour</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_decoration" title="State decoration">States</a> <ul><li>and their national/public/official authorities</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_order" title="Dynastic order">Dynasties</a> <ul><li>heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_award" title="Ecclesiastical award">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">Organisations</a></li> <li>Commercial</li> <li><small>(<a href="/wiki/Self-styled_order" title="Self-styled order">Self-styled order</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">Order of chivalry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)" title="Military order (religious society)">Military order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_order_of_chivalry" title="Colonial order of chivalry">Colonial order</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_merit" title="Order of merit">Order of merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_family_order" title="Royal family order">Royal family order</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Titles(Styles,Post-nominal)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">Titles</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_function" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer" title="Treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessor_(law)" title="Assessor (law)">Assessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff_(order)" title="Bailiff (order)">Bailiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain#Other" title="Chaplain">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_ceremonies" title="Master of ceremonies">Master of ceremonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a><i>/Grand Cordon</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_(order)" title="Commander (order)">Commander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry#Typical_insignia_and_ranks" title="Order of chivalry">Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Hospitaller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">Knight</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dame" title="Dame">Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squire" title="Squire">Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_(servant)" title="Page (servant)">Page</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">Jurisdictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter#Order_charter" title="Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(religion)" title="Chapter (religion)">Chapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandery" title="Commandery">Commandery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_obedience" title="Vow of obedience">Obedience</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge" title="Grand Lodge">Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">Lodge</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_awards" title="Lists of awards">Others,<br />by field</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Military</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_military_decorations" title="List of military decorations">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_military_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest military decorations">List of highest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_medal" title="Campaign medal">Campaign medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_awards_and_honors" title="List of law enforcement awards and honors">Law enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Civil_awards_and_decorations" title="Civil awards and decorations">Civilian</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_awards_and_decorations" title="List of civil awards and decorations">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_for_contributions_to_society" title="List of awards for contributions to society">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_prizes" title="List of peace prizes">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intellectual_freedom_awards" title="List of intellectual freedom awards">Intellectual freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_rights_awards" title="List of human rights awards">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legal_awards" title="List of legal awards">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_and_service_awards" title="List of humanitarian and service awards">Humanitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politics_awards" title="List of politics awards">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volunteer_awards" class="mw-redirect" title="List of volunteer awards">Volunteer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_for_contributions_to_culture" title="List of awards for contributions to culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architecture_awards" title="List of architecture awards">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_art_awards" title="Lists of art awards">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_awards" title="List of film awards">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_history_awards" title="List of history awards">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_awards" title="List of literary awards">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_award" title="Music award">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_philosophy_awards" title="List of philosophy awards">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_poetry_awards" title="List of poetry awards">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatre_awards" title="List of theatre awards">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_science_and_technology_awards" title="Lists of science and technology awards">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religion-related_awards" title="List of religion-related awards">Religion-related</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_decoration" title="Ecclesiastical decoration">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sport_awards" title="List of sport awards">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_awards_in_Scouting" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest awards in Scouting">Scouting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beauty_pageants" title="List of beauty pageants">Beauty</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Insignia" title="Insignia">insignia</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_named_after_people" title="List of awards named after people">Named after <br />people</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">For wearing<br /><i>(decorations)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(order)" title="Collar (order)">Collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a><i>/Grand Cordon</i> <ul><li>with <a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">sash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">Medal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Necklet" title="Necklet">Necklet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Medal bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_ribbon" title="Medal ribbon">Medal ribbon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(decoration)" title="Rosette (decoration)">Rosette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Award_pin" title="Award pin">Award pin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapel_pin" title="Lapel pin">Lapel pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_pin" title="Collar pin">Collar pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_pin" title="Tie pin">Tie pin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge" title="Badge">Badge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_badge" title="Heraldic badge">Heraldic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_badge" title="Pilgrim badge">Pilgrim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaulette" title="Epaulette">Epaulette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon" title="Ribbon">Ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin-back_button" title="Pin-back button">Button</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_button" title="Campaign button">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_lapel_button_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Service lapel button (disambiguation)">Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_mark" title="Shoulder mark">Shoulder mark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prize" title="Prize">Prizes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trophy" title="Trophy">Trophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_trophy" title="War trophy">War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquette" title="Plaquette">Plaquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(award)" title="Rosette (award)">Rosette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_money" title="Prize money">Money</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_of_a_field_or_the_highest_honors_of_a_field" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prizes known as the Nobel of a field or the highest honors of a field">Prizes known as the Nobel of a field</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_the_Garter.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Star_of_the_Garter.svg/80px-Star_of_the_Garter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Star_of_the_Garter.svg/120px-Star_of_the_Garter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Star_of_the_Garter.svg/160px-Star_of_the_Garter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="89" data-file-height="89" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/80px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/120px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png/160px-Chevalier_l%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur_2.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="411" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span><br /><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonies <br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accolade" title="Accolade">Accolade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vigil#Medieval_knights" title="Vigil">Vigil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feoffment" title="Feoffment">Feoffment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_fee" title="Passage fee">Passage fee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vow" title="Vow">Vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_day" title="Collar day">Collar day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">Fraternity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternal_order" title="Fraternal order">Fraternal order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">Fraternities and sororities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society">Secret society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicate" title="Syndicate">Syndicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Learned society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellowship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_society" title="Honor society">Honor society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hereditary_and_lineage_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hereditary and lineage organizations">Hereditary society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_(organization)" title="Club (organization)">Club</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club" title="Gentlemen's club">Gentlemen's club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Orders_of_Chivalry" title="International Commission for Orders of Chivalry">International Commission for Orders of Chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order">Religious order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">Numismatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">Vexillology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Service_flag" title="Service flag">Service flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_honour" title="Battle honour">Battle honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_streamer" title="Campaign streamer">Campaign streamer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence" title="Order of precedence">Order of precedence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotional_medal" title="Devotional medal">Devotional medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awareness_ribbon" title="Awareness ribbon">Awareness ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_conduct" title="Code of conduct">Code of conduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_honor" title="Code of honor">Code of honor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_society" title="High society">High society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><small>* = Direct or indirect reference to <a class="mw-selflink selflink">fount of honour</a> is the accepted criterion for official distinctions</small></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals" title="Category:Orders, decorations, and medals">Category:Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Orders,_decorations,_and_medals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals">Wikipedia:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Awards" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Awards">Wikipedia:WikiProject Awards</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fount_of_honour&oldid=1253297418">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fount_of_honour&oldid=1253297418</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobility" title="Category:Nobility">Nobility</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peerage" title="Category:Peerage">Peerage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orders_of_chivalry" title="Category:Orders of chivalry">Orders of chivalry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Honours_systems" title="Category:Honours 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