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<span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Installations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Installations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Installations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Installations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operational history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Texas_Tower_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texas_Tower_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Texas Tower 4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texas_Tower_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texas_Tower_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texas_Tower_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Texas Tower 5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texas_Tower_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Closure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Texas_Towers&params=42_47_N_65_37_W_type:landmark_region:CA_dim:250000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°47′N</span> <span class="longitude">65°37′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.783°N 65.617°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.783; -65.617</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Radar stations off the New England coast</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the lighthouse design, see <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_(lighthouse)" title="Texas Tower (lighthouse)">Texas Tower (lighthouse)</a>. For the building at University of Texas at Austin, see <a href="/wiki/Main_Building_(University_of_Texas_at_Austin)" title="Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)">Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Texas Tower<div style="padding-bottom:2px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Defense_Command.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Air_Defense_Command.svg/60px-Air_Defense_Command.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Air_Defense_Command.svg/90px-Air_Defense_Command.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Air_Defense_Command.svg/120px-Air_Defense_Command.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="696" /></a></span> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Air_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Defense Command">Air Defense Command</a> (ADC)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_Tower_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Texas_Tower_3.jpg/250px-Texas_Tower_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Texas_Tower_3.jpg/375px-Texas_Tower_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Texas_Tower_3.jpg/500px-Texas_Tower_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="533" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_3" title="Texas Tower 3">Texas Tower 3</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Offshore air defense radar</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data">Out of service/demolished</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Built by</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/19px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In use</th><td class="infobox-data">1958–1963</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Materials</th><td class="infobox-data">Steel</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Texas Towers</b> were a set of three <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> facilities off the eastern seaboard of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> which were used for surveillance by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. Modeled on the <a href="/wiki/Offshore_oil_drilling_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore oil drilling platform">offshore oil drilling platforms</a> first employed off the <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> coast, they were in operation from 1958 to 1963. After the collapse of one of the towers in 1961, the remaining towers were closed due to changes in threat perception and out of a concern for the safety of the crews. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planning">Planning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Towers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 260px;"><div class="thumbinner noresize" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; outline:0px; border:0px; padding:0px; height: 220px; width: 260px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 260px; height: 220px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="260" data-height="220" data-zoom="5" data-lat="42.33333" data-lon="-70" href="/wiki/Special:Map/5/42.33333/-70/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,42.33333,-70,260x220.png?lang=en" width="260" height="220" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,42.33333,-70,260x220@2x.png?lang=en 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: -20px; left: 0px; width: 260px; height: 260px; transform: rotate(0deg); border-radius: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF00; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 103px; left: -2px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 202px; left: 247px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright" title="About OpenStreetMaps" rel="nofollow"><img alt="About OpenStreetMaps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 202px; left: 150px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Maps_Terms_of_Use" title="Maps: terms of use"><img alt="Maps: terms of use" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: 176px; left: 198.5px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/52px-Mapscaleline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/78px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/104px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="18" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 175.875px; left: 244px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: grey; font-size: 9px; font-weight:normal;"> 200km<br />125miles</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 84.074280657641px; left: 223.41521400761px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/24px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/32px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 104.07428065764px; left: 229.91521400761px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 11px; font-weight:normal;"> TT-5</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 174.60696449382px; left: 62.714956725211px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/32px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 175.10696449382px; left: 80.214956725211px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 11px; font-weight:normal;"> TT-4</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 146.22340666559px; left: 139.07607188777px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/32px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 151.72340666559px; left: 156.57607188777px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 11px; font-weight:normal;"> TT-3</span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 115.90431889525px; left: 175.90733412716px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/13px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/26px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 121.40431889525px; left: 190.40733412716px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 11px; font-weight:normal;"> TT-2</span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 80.965962326043px; left: 147.43408087185px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/24px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/32px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 86.465962326043px; left: 164.93408087185px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 11px; font-weight:normal;"> TT-1</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute;top: 9px;left: 224px"><div style="color: white; opacity:100; font-size: 19px; font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/42.33333/-70/en" data-zoom="6" data-lat="42.33333" data-lon="-70" data-overlays="["_6626c0a510edc231808e58f4e2a5c97912e2c8cf"]"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Click for interactive fullscreen map with links to nearby articles"> </span></a></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">Location map; towers 1 and 5 were planned, but not built.</div></div></div> <p>Upon re-formation of the <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Defense_Command" title="Aerospace Defense Command">Air Defense Command</a> in 1951 to oversee the nation's developing surveillance radar network, there was concern that shore-based radars along the east coast provided insufficient warning time. A 1952 report from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Laboratory">Lincoln Laboratory</a> looked into the possibility of extending radar coverage by building platforms in the Atlantic using <a href="/wiki/Offshore_oil_drilling" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore oil drilling">offshore oil drilling</a> technology.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeney.100_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeney.100-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They concluded that a set of such platforms, equipped with radars, could extend coverage several hundred miles offshore, giving half an hour additional warning of an attack.<sup id="cite_ref-ray_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ray-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Funding for design and construction of the towers was approved in January 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeney.100_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeney.100-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Towers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_Tower_2_radar_platform_in_1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Texas_Tower_2_radar_platform_in_1956.jpg/220px-Texas_Tower_2_radar_platform_in_1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Texas_Tower_2_radar_platform_in_1956.jpg/330px-Texas_Tower_2_radar_platform_in_1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Texas_Tower_2_radar_platform_in_1956.jpg/440px-Texas_Tower_2_radar_platform_in_1956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_2" title="Texas Tower 2">Texas Tower 2</a>; note <a href="/wiki/Tropospheric_scatter" title="Tropospheric scatter">tropospheric scatter</a> dish antennae on edge of platform</figcaption></figure> <p>Each tower consisted of a triangular platform, 200 feet (61 m) on each side, standing on three <a href="/wiki/Caisson_(engineering)" title="Caisson (engineering)">caisson</a> legs.<sup id="cite_ref-pop.sci_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop.sci-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fortress_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortress-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structures were constructed on land, towed to site, and <a href="/wiki/Jackup_rig" title="Jackup rig">jacked up</a> to clear the sea surface by 67 feet (20 m).<sup id="cite_ref-pop.sci_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop.sci-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radar and other equipment were then installed on location. The platform itself contained two floors housing the living areas; two of the legs held fuel oil for diesel generators, while the third held the intake for the <a href="/wiki/Desalination" title="Desalination">desalination</a> unit. The platform roof served as a helicopter landing area. A rotary gantry was suspended from the platform to allow servicing of its underside. </p><p>Each platform was equipped with one <a href="/wiki/AN/FPS-3" class="mw-redirect" title="AN/FPS-3">AN/FPS-3</a> (later upgraded to <a href="/wiki/AN/FPS-20" class="mw-redirect" title="AN/FPS-20">AN/FPS-20</a>) <a href="/wiki/Radar_configurations_and_types#Detection_and_search_radars" class="mw-redirect" title="Radar configurations and types">search radar</a> and two <a href="/wiki/AN/FPS-6" class="mw-redirect" title="AN/FPS-6">AN/FPS-6</a> <a href="/wiki/Height_finder" title="Height finder">height finder</a> radars, each housed in a separate spherical neoprene <a href="/wiki/Radome" title="Radome">radome</a> 55 feet (17 m) in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-fortress_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortress-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally the towers were to be linked to shore by submarine cable, but this was eventually rejected as too costly; the AN/FRC-56 <a href="/wiki/Tropospheric_scatter" title="Tropospheric scatter">tropospheric scatter</a> <a href="/wiki/Microwave_transmission" title="Microwave transmission">microwave link</a> was installed instead, with an array of three <a href="/wiki/Parabolic_antenna" title="Parabolic antenna">parabolic antennas</a> attached to one edge of the platform.<sup id="cite_ref-ray_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ray-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UHF and VHF equipment allowed communication with ships and aircraft as well as providing a backup to the microwave link. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Installations">Installations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Towers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Installations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Five towers were planned, in an array off the New England/mid-Atlantic coast. The most northerly two proposed were dropped from plans due to budgetary constraints.<sup id="cite_ref-ray_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ray-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; height: 100px;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tower ID </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Staffing unit </th> <th>Mainland station </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_1" title="Texas Tower 1">TT-1</a> </td> <td>Cashes Ledge off <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> coast<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Texas_Towers&params=42_53_N_68_57_W_type:landmark_region:US_scale:25000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°53′N</span> <span class="longitude">68°57′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.883°N 68.950°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.883; -68.950</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Not built </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_2" title="Texas Tower 2">TT-2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bank" title="Georges Bank">Georges Bank</a> off <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Texas_Towers&params=41_45_0.00_N_67_46_0.00_W_scale:25000_region:US"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°45′0.00″N</span> <span class="longitude">67°46′0.00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.7500000°N 67.7666667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.7500000; -67.7666667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/762d_Radar_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="762d Radar Squadron">762d Radar Squadron</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Truro_Air_Force_Station" title="North Truro Air Force Station">North Truro Air Force Station</a> </td> <td>decommissioned 1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_3" title="Texas Tower 3">TT-3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nantucket_Shoals" title="Nantucket Shoals">Nantucket Shoals</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Texas_Towers&params=40_45_00.00_N_69_19_0.00_W_scale:25000_region:US"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°45′00.00″N</span> <span class="longitude">69°19′0.00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.7500000°N 69.3166667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.7500000; -69.3166667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/773d_Radar_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="773d Radar Squadron">773d Radar Squadron</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montauk_AFS" class="mw-redirect" title="Montauk AFS">Montauk AFS</a> </td> <td>decommissioned 1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_4" title="Texas Tower 4">TT-4</a> </td> <td>off <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Island,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Beach Island, New Jersey">Long Beach Island, New Jersey</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Texas_Towers&params=39_48_N_72_40_W_dim:150km_region:US"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">72°40′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.800°N 72.667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.800; -72.667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/646th_Radar_Squadron" title="646th Radar Squadron">646th Radar Squadron</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Highlands_Air_Force_Station" title="Highlands Air Force Station">Highlands Air Force Station</a> </td> <td>collapsed (1961) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Tower 5">TT-5</a> </td> <td>Browns Bank south of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Texas_Towers&params=42_47_N_65_37_W_type:landmark_region:CA_dim:250000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°47′N</span> <span class="longitude">65°37′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.783°N 65.617°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.783; -65.617</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Not built </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Logistical support for all three towers was provided by the <a href="/wiki/4604th_Support_Squadron" title="4604th Support Squadron">4604th Support Squadron</a>, based out of <a href="/wiki/Otis_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Otis AFB">Otis AFB</a> and specifically constituted for this mission.<sup id="cite_ref-ray_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ray-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were originally equipped with <a href="/wiki/Piasecki_H-21" title="Piasecki H-21">H-21B</a> helicopters,<sup id="cite_ref-ray_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ray-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were replaced with three <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-3_Sea_King" title="Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King">Sikorsky SH-3</a> helicopters acquired in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-flying_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flying-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/USNS_New_Bedford" title="USNS New Bedford">USNS <i>New Bedford</i></a> was used to supply the stations, with transfer being effected with a platform called the "donut", consisting of an inflated rubber ring surmounted by a railing, which was lowered from the platform to the waiting ship's deck. These transfers could only take place at slack tide, when the ship could maintain position.<sup id="cite_ref-Life.1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Life.1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Towers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_2" title="Texas Tower 2">Texas Tower 2</a> was the first to become operational, starting limited service in May 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-HSBM_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSBM-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became fully operational in 1958, as did Tower 3; Tower 4 followed in April 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original plan to integrate these radars into the <a href="/wiki/Semi-Automatic_Ground_Environment" title="Semi-Automatic Ground Environment">SAGE</a> system had to be modified when the direct cable connection was eliminated; instead, they were used to provide manual inputs. </p><p>All the towers were noisy and prone to vibration from the equipment. The relative flexibility of the supports also caused them to shake and sway in response to wind and waves.<sup id="cite_ref-Life.1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Life.1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The frequent and sustained sounding of the platform's <a href="/wiki/Foghorn" title="Foghorn">foghorns</a> was also an annoyance to the crew.<sup id="cite_ref-ray_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ray-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texas_Tower_4">Texas Tower 4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Towers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Texas Tower 4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_Tower_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Texas_Tower_4.jpg/220px-Texas_Tower_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Texas_Tower_4.jpg/330px-Texas_Tower_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Texas_Tower_4.jpg/440px-Texas_Tower_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1059" data-file-height="857" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_4" title="Texas Tower 4">Texas Tower 4</a> before installation of cross-braces</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_4" title="Texas Tower 4">Texas Tower 4</a></div><p>Tower 4 was plagued with structural problems from the start. It stood in much deeper water than the other two - 185 feet (56 m), compared to 80 feet (24 m) for Tower 2 - and it was held that the simple cylindrical leg design would not be sturdy enough given the length of the legs. Therefore, three sets of cross braces were added between the legs, attached with pin joints.<sup id="cite_ref-ray_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ray-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Keeney.150_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeney.150-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These made it impossible to tow the platform on the level; instead, the structure was laid on its side for transport and then tipped upright at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeney.150_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeney.150-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These braces proved to be frail and the joints prone to loosening: two braces broke loose during transport, and a third was lost when the tower was being placed on the bottom.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeney.190_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeney.190-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Divers were brought in several times to inspect the structure and to perform repairs, and an additional set of crossbraces was installed immediately below the platform, above the waterline, in 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeney.226_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeney.226-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crewmen were frequently seasick from the swaying, and Tower 4 was nicknamed "Old Shaky".<sup id="cite_ref-ray_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ray-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 12, 1960, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Donna" title="Hurricane Donna">Hurricane Donna</a> passed over Tower 4, causing severe structural damage, including the loss of the flying bridge hanging beneath the platform, and one of the communications dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeney.229_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeney.229-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After assessment of the damage and initial repairs it was decided to reduce staffing to a <a href="/wiki/Skeleton_crew" title="Skeleton crew">skeleton crew</a> and prepare to dismantle the station.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeney.229_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeney.229-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site could not simply be abandoned for fear that the Soviets would board it and remove sensitive equipment and documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeney.229_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeney.229-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dismantling of the tower was therefore protracted. At the approach of another storm in January 1961, evacuation of the station was impeded by the inability of the commander to make contact with any of his three immediate superiors; nonetheless the <i>New Bedford</i> set out for the platform.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeney.262_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeney.262-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the storm built, <a href="/wiki/USS_Wasp_(CV-18)" title="USS Wasp (CV-18)">USS <i>Wasp</i></a>, which was in the vicinity, was also dispatched with the intent of evacuating the station via helicopter, shore aircraft being unable to take off.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeney.262_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeney.262-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both ships reached the vicinity but could do no more than watch the station disappear from their radar. No survivors were recovered, though divers were sent down on the chance that some might have been trapped in the wreckage.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeney.262_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeney.262-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty-eight airmen and civilian contractors perished.<sup id="cite_ref-Southhall,_2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Southhall,_2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only two bodies were recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-Southhall,_2011_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Southhall,_2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texas_Tower_5">Texas Tower 5</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Towers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Texas Tower 5"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Texas Tower 5</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Defense_Command" title="Aerospace Defense Command">Aerospace Defense Command</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Texas_Towers&params=42_47_N_65_37_W_type:landmark_region:CA_dim:250000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°47′N</span> <span class="longitude">65°37′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.783°N 65.617°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.783; -65.617</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Long Range Radar Site</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Built by</th><td class="infobox-data">U.S. Government</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Texas Tower 5 was planned to be built on Brown's Bank, 35 nautical miles (65 km; 40 mi) south of the coast of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> in 84 feet (26 m) of water.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=4604th_Support_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4604th Support Group (page does not exist)">4604th Support Group</a> was supposed to be located at <a href="/wiki/Pease_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Pease Air Force Base">Pease Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>. The USAF approved the construction of Tower #5 on January 11, 1954, but the tower was never built because of improvements to radar over the area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closure">Closure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Towers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Closure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The loss of Tower 4, together with the increasing emphasis on <a href="/wiki/ICBM" class="mw-redirect" title="ICBM">ICBMs</a> as the predominant threat, led a reassessment of the remaining towers. Escape capsules were added to the two remaining towers, allowing rapid evacuation.<sup id="cite_ref-ray_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ray-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fortress_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortress-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly thereafter it was decided to close the remaining towers, and the electronic equipment was removed. Both platforms were expected to be returned to shore for scrap, but Tower 2 sank and could not be recovered. Tower 3 was then filled with foam before being knocked off its support, and it was successfully returned to shore and dismantled. The wreckage of Towers 2 and 4 remains in place on the ocean floor. Radar coverage was taken over by alterations to <a href="/wiki/EC-121" class="mw-redirect" title="EC-121">EC-121</a> <a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne early warning">airborne early warning</a> flights based out of <a href="/wiki/Otis_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Otis Air Force Base">Otis Air Force Base</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ray_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ray-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerycaption">Patches of tower units</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_Tower_2_-_Emblem.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tower 2 patch"><img alt="Patch for Texas Tower 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Texas_Tower_2_-_Emblem.png/246px-Texas_Tower_2_-_Emblem.png" decoding="async" width="164" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Texas_Tower_2_-_Emblem.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="311" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tower 2 patch</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 167.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_Tower_3_-_Emblem.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tower 3 patch"><img alt="Patch for Texas Tower 3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Texas_Tower_3_-_Emblem.png/248px-Texas_Tower_3_-_Emblem.png" decoding="async" width="166" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Texas_Tower_3_-_Emblem.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="309" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tower 3 patch</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:4604th_Support_Squadron_-_Emblem.png" class="mw-file-description" title="4604th Support Squadron patch"><img alt="Patch for 4604th Support Squadron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/4604th_Support_Squadron_-_Emblem.png/181px-4604th_Support_Squadron_-_Emblem.png" decoding="async" width="121" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/4604th_Support_Squadron_-_Emblem.png 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">4604th Support Squadron patch</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Towers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PAVE_PAWS" title="PAVE PAWS">PAVE PAWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar_picket" title="Radar picket">Radar picket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea-based_X-band_Radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea-based X-band Radar">Sea-based X-band Radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Automatic_Ground_Environment" title="Semi-Automatic Ground Environment">SAGE</a></li> <li>Other Cold War era radar networks: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lashup_Radar_Network" title="Lashup Radar Network">Lashup Radar Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinetree_Line" title="Pinetree Line">Pinetree Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Canada_Line" title="Mid-Canada Line">Mid-Canada Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distant_Early_Warning_Line" title="Distant Early Warning Line">Distant Early Warning Line</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Towers&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Keeney.100-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keeney.100_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keeney.100_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKeeney2011" class="citation book cs1">Keeney, L. Douglas (2011). <i>15 Minutes: General Curtis LeMay and the Countdown to Nuclear Annihilation</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortress+America%3A+The+forts+that+defended+America%2C+1600+to+the+present&rft.pages=371-372&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Kaufmann&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+H.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780306812941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATexas+Towers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flying-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-flying_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S-45uoS-v04C&pg=PA117">"Rotary Wing Aircraft"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Flying_(magazine)" title="Flying (magazine)">Flying</a></i>: 117. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=Farewell+to+the+Iron+Bastards%3A+Texas+Towers+Await+the+Wreckers&rft.pages=7%2C+9&rft.date=1963-07-26&rft.aulast=Wylie&rft.aufirst=Evan+McLeod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJlIEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATexas+Towers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HSBM-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HSBM_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard2011" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, Barry, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HoxycYhoKZkC"><i>History of Strategic and Ballistic Missile Defense: Volume II: 1956-1972</i></a>. DIANE Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781437921311" title="Special:BookSources/9781437921311"><bdi>9781437921311</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Strategic+and+Ballistic+Missile+Defense%3A+Volume+II%3A+1956-1972&rft.pub=DIANE+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781437921311&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHoxycYhoKZkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATexas+Towers" class="Z3988"></span> p. 305</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonard, p. 312</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keeney.150-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keeney.150_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keeney.150_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Keeney, pp. 150-152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keeney.190-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keeney.190_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keeney, p. 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keeney.226-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keeney.226_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keeney, pp. 226-228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keeney.229-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keeney.229_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keeney.229_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keeney.229_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Keeney, pp.229-232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keeney.262-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keeney.262_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keeney.262_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keeney.262_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Keeney, pp.262-275</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Southhall,_2011-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Southhall,_2011_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Southhall,_2011_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Southall, Ashley, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/10/us/politics/10tower.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1297641654-CwC4+jOKYRy8IaPl0dOqdQ">Obama Recognizes Men Who Died in the Collapse of a Radar Tower in 1961</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>, 9 February 2011; retrieved 14 February 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725214257/http://www.thetexastowers.com/04-TheLocations/index.html">"The Texas Towers: Proposed"</a>. The Texas Towers.Com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetexastowers.com/04-TheLocations/index.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Texas+Towers%3A+Proposed&rft.pub=The+Texas+Towers.Com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetexastowers.com%2F04-TheLocations%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATexas+Towers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Towers&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Texas_Towers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Texas Towers">Texas Towers</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.dod.dimoc.24231"><i>Georges Bank Radar Station (1957)</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20120717003414/http://www.texastower.com/">The Texas Towers Association website via archive.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.radomes.org/museum/documents/TexasTower.html">http://www.radomes.org/museum/documents/TexasTower.html</a> More information about the Texas Towers from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.radomes.org">http://www.radomes.org</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services1961" class="citation conference cs1">United States Senate Committee on Armed Services (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inquiryintocolla00wash"><i>Inquiry into the Collapse of Texas Tower No. 4</i></a>. United States Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Inquiry+into+the+Collapse+of+Texas+Tower+No.+4&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1961&rft.au=United+States+Senate+Committee+on+Armed+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finquiryintocolla00wash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATexas+Towers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140703221532/http://e-book.lib.sjtu.edu.cn/otc2002/pdffiles/papers/OTC14193.pdf">Analysis on the collapse of Texas Tower 4</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23px_Aerospace_Defense_Command_(ADC)" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aerospace_Defense_Command" title="Template:Aerospace Defense Command"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aerospace_Defense_Command" title="Template talk:Aerospace Defense Command"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aerospace_Defense_Command" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aerospace Defense Command"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23px_Aerospace_Defense_Command_(ADC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg/23px-USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg/35px-USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg/46px-USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="696" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Defense_Command" title="Aerospace Defense Command">Aerospace Defense Command</a> (ADC)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">CONUS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarillo_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Amarillo Air Force Base">Amarillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beale_Air_Force_Base" title="Beale Air Force Base">Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Charleston Field">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis-Monthan_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Davis-Monthan Air Force Base">Davis-Monthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobbins_Air_Reserve_Base" title="Dobbins Air Reserve Base">Dobbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_Air_Force_Base" title="Dover Air Force Base">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Bangor Air National Guard Base">Dow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Duluth Air National Guard Base">Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eglin_Air_Force_Base" title="Eglin Air Force Base">Eglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellington_Field_Joint_Reserve_Base" title="Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base">Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Air_Force_Base" title="Ellsworth Air Force Base">Ellsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_Air_Force_Base" title="England Air Force Base">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent_Air_Force_Base" title="Ent Air Force Base">Ent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_Air_National_Guard_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Burlington Air National Guard Base">Ethan Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Field" title="Fairfax Field">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Fallon" title="Naval Air Station Fallon">Fallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Gregg-Adams" title="Fort Gregg-Adams">Fort Gregg-Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Heath" title="Fort Heath">Fort Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_International_Airport" title="Spokane International Airport">Geiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Air_Force_Base" title="George Air Force Base">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Air_Force_Base" title="Glasgow Air Force Base">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_Air_Force_Base" title="Grand Forks Air Force Base">Grand Forks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenier_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenier Air Force Base">Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffiss_Air_Force_Base" title="Griffiss Air Force Base">Griffiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunter_Annex" title="Gunter Annex">Gunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Army Airfield">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_Field_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Hancock Field Air National Guard Base">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Joint_Air_Reserve_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead Joint Air Reserve Base">Homestead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurlburt_Field" title="Hurlburt Field">Hurlburt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Army_Airfield" title="Hunter Army Airfield">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imeson_Field" title="Imeson Field">Imeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Key_West" title="Naval Air Station Key West">Key West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kincheloe_Air_Force_Base" title="Kincheloe Air Force Base">Kincheloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Field_Air_National_Guard_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingsley Field Air National Guard Base">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtland_Air_Force_Base" title="Kirtland Air Force Base">Kirtland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lackland_Air_Force_Base" title="Lackland Air Force Base">Lackland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo_Air_Force_Base" title="Laredo Air Force Base">Laredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larson_Air_Force_Base" title="Larson Air Force Base">Larson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Air_Force_Base" title="Luke Air Force Base">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDill_Air_Force_Base" title="MacDill Air Force Base">MacDill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Air_Reserve_Base" title="March Air Reserve Base">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malmstrom_Air_Force_Base" title="Malmstrom Air Force Base">Malmstrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCoy_Air_Force_Base" title="McCoy Air Force Base">McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McChord_Field" title="McChord Field">McChord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McClellan_Air_Force_Base" title="McClellan Air Force Base">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGhee_Tyson_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="McGhee Tyson Air National Guard Base">McGhee Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGuire_Air_Force_Base" title="McGuire Air Force Base">McGuire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_Joint_Air_Reserve_Station" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul Joint Air Reserve Station">Minneapolis-St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minot_Air_Force_Base" title="Minot Air Force Base">Minot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchel_Air_Force_Base" title="Mitchel Air Force Base">Mitchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Castle_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="New Castle Air National Guard Base">New Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_Air_Reserve_Station" title="Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_Air_Force_Base" title="Norton Air Force Base">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Hare_Air_Reserve_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O'Hare Air Reserve Station (page does not exist)">O'Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Otis Air National Guard Base">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard_Air_Force_Base" title="Oxnard Air Force Base">Oxnard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paine_Air_National_Guard_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paine Air National Guard Base (page does not exist)">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Perrin Air Force Base">Perrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterson_Space_Force_Base" title="Peterson Space Force Base">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_IAP_Air_Reserve_Station" title="Pittsburgh IAP Air Reserve Station">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Portland Air National Guard Base">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presque_Isle_Air_Force_Base" title="Presque Isle Air Force Base">Presque Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R.I._Bong_Air_Force_Base" title="R.I. Bong Air Force Base">R.I. Bong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richards-Gebaur_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Richards-Gebaur Air Force Base">Richards-Gebaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robins_Air_Force_Base" title="Robins Air Force Base">Robins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._I._Sawyer_Air_Force_Base" title="K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base">K.I. Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfridge_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Selfridge Air National Guard Base">Selfridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Johnson_Air_Force_Base" title="Seymour Johnson Air Force Base">Seymour Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_City_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Sioux City Air National Guard Base">Sioux City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stead_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Stead Air Force Base">Stead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Stewart Air National Guard Base">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_S._Gabreski_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Francis S. Gabreski Air National Guard Base">Suffolk County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinker_Air_Force_Base" title="Tinker Air Force Base">Tinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travis_Air_Force_Base" title="Travis Air Force Base">Travis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truax_Field_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Truax Field Air National Guard Base">Truax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndall_Air_Force_Base" title="Tyndall Air Force Base">Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent Air Force Base">Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Air_Force_Base" title="Walker Air Force Base">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webb_Air_Force_Base" title="Webb Air Force Base">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westover_Joint_Air_Reserve_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Westover Joint Air Reserve Base">Westover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_Air_Force_Base" title="Wright-Patterson Air Force Base">Wright-Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wurtsmith_Air_Force_Base" title="Wurtsmith Air Force Base">Wurtsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown-Warren_Air_Reserve_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Youngstown-Warren Air Reserve Station">Youngstown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Overseas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Harmon_Air_Force_Base" title="Ernest Harmon Air Force Base">Ernest Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frobisher_Bay_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Frobisher Bay Air Base">Frobisher Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFB_Goose_Bay" title="CFB Goose Bay">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Keflavik" title="Naval Air Station Keflavik">Keflavik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Argentia" title="Naval Station Argentia">McAndrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepperrell_Air_Force_Base" title="Pepperrell Air Force Base">Pepperrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Thule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg/70px-USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg/105px-USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg/140px-USAF_-_Aerospace_Defense_Command.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="696" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">CONUS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Adair" title="Camp Adair">Adair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiken_Air_Force_Station" title="Aiken Air Force Station">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaden_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaden Air Force Station">Almaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpena_Combat_Readiness_Training_Center" title="Alpena Combat Readiness Training Center">Alpena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigo_Air_Force_Station" title="Antigo Air Force Station">Antigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Heights_Air_Force_Station" title="Arlington Heights Air Force Station">Arlington Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baker_Air_Force_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baker Air Force Station (page does not exist)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Air_Force_Station" title="Bedford Air Force Station">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellefontaine_Air_Force_Station" title="Bellefontaine Air Force Station">Bellefontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleville_Air_Force_Station" title="Belleville Air Force Station">Belleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Benton Air Force Station">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Air_Force_Station" title="Blaine Air Force Station">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookfield_Air_Force_Station" title="Brookfield Air Force Station">Brookfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Air_Force_Station" title="Brunswick Air Force Station">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucks_Harbor_Air_Force_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bucks Harbor Air Force Station (page does not exist)">Bucks Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burns_Air_Force_Station" title="Burns Air Force Station">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calumet_Air_Force_Station" title="Calumet Air Force Station">Calumet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambria_Air_Force_Station" title="Cambria Air Force Station">Cambria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Charles_Air_Force_Station" title="Cape Charles Air Force Station">Cape Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Cod Space Force Station">Cape Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmi_Air_Force_Station" title="Carmi Air Force Station">Carmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caswell_Air_Force_Station" title="Caswell Air Force Station">Caswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler_Air_Force_Station" title="Chandler Air Force Station">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Air_Force_Station" title="Charleston Air Force Station">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain_Space_Force_Station" title="Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station">Cheyenne Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claysburg_Air_Force_Station" title="Claysburg Air Force Station">Claysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear Air Force Station">Clear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colville_Air_Force_Station" title="Colville Air Force Station">Colville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condon_Air_Force_Station" title="Condon Air Force Station">Condon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Divide_Air_Force_Station" title="Continental Divide Air Force Station">Continental Divide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonwood_Air_Force_Station" title="Cottonwood Air Force Station">Cottonwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_City_Air_Force_Station" title="Cross City Air Force Station">Cross City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Springs_Air_Force_Station" title="Crystal Springs Air Force Station">Crystal Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curlew_Air_Force_Station" title="Curlew Air Force Station">Curlew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custer_Air_Force_Station" title="Custer Air Force Station">Custer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_Bank_Air_Force_Station" title="Cut Bank Air Force Station">Cut Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Center_Air_Force_Station" title="Dallas Center Air Force Station">Dallas Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dauphin_Island_Air_Force_Station" title="Dauphin Island Air Force Station">Dauphin Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_Air_Force_Station" title="Dickinson Air Force Station">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncanville_Air_Force_Station" title="Duncanville Air Force Station">Duncanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldorado_Air_Force_Station" title="Eldorado Air Force Station">Eldorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Air_Force_Station" title="Empire Air Force Station">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_Air_Force_Station" title="Finland Air Force Station">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finley_Air_Force_Station" title="Finley Air Force Station">Finley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flintstone_Air_Force_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flintstone Air Force Station (page does not exist)">Flintstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordland_Air_Force_Station" title="Fordland Air Force Station">Fordland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Fisher_Air_Force_Station" title="Fort Fisher Air Force Station">Fort Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_Air_Force_Station" title="Fort Lee Air Force Station">Fort Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortuna_Air_Force_Station" title="Fortuna Air Force Station">Fortuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Air_Force_Station" title="Gettysburg Air Force Station">Gettysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Marais_Air_Force_Station" title="Grand Marais Air Force Station">Grand Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_Air_Force_Station" title="Grand Rapids Air Force Station">Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guthrie_Air_Force_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guthrie Air Force Station (page does not exist)">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_City_Air_Force_Station" title="Hanna City Air Force Station">Hanna City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havre_Air_Force_Station" title="Havre Air Force Station">Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlands_Air_Force_Station" title="Highlands Air Force Station">Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma_Air_Force_Station" title="Houma Air Force Station">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_Air_Force_Station" title="Hutchinson Air Force Station">Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joelton_Air_Force_Station" title="Joelton Air Force Station">Joelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keno_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Keno Air Force Station">Keno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killeen_Air_Force_Station" title="Killeen Air Force Station">Killeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Air_Force_Station" title="Kingman Air Force Station">Kingman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirksville_Air_Force_Station" title="Kirksville Air Force Station">Kirksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Air_Force_Station" title="Klamath Air Force Station">Klamath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Charles_Air_Force_Station" title="Lake Charles Air Force Station">Lake Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_City_Air_Force_Station" title="Lake City Air Force Station">Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces_Air_Force_Station" title="Las Cruces Air Force Station">Las Cruces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Air_Force_Station" title="Las Vegas Air Force Station">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewistown_Air_Force_Station" title="Lewistown Air Force Station">Lewistown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lockport_Air_Force_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lockport Air Force Station (page does not exist)">Lockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufkin_Air_Force_Station" title="Lufkin Air Force Station">Lufkin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyndonville_Air_Force_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyndonville Air Force Station (page does not exist)">Lyndonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madera_Air_Force_Station" title="Madera Air Force Station">Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makah_Air_Force_Station" title="Makah Air Force Station">Makah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mica_Peak_Air_Force_Station" title="Mica Peak Air Force Station">Mica Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miles_City_Air_Force_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miles City Air Force Station (page does not exist)">Miles City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Valley_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Mill Valley Air Force Station">Mill Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minot_Air_Force_Station" title="Minot Air Force Station">Minot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauk_Air_Force_Station" title="Montauk Air Force Station">Montauk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriarty_Air_Force_Station" title="Moriarty Air Force Station">Moriarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hebo_Air_Force_Station" title="Mount Hebo Air Force Station">Mount Hebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Laguna_Air_Force_Station" title="Mount Laguna Air Force Station">Mount Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lemmon_Air_Force_Station" title="Mount Lemmon Air Force Station">Mount Lemmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naselle_Air_Force_Station" title="Naselle Air Force Station">Naselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bend_Air_Force_Station" title="North Bend Air Force Station">North Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Charleston_Air_Force_Station" title="North Charleston Air Force Station">North Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Truro_Air_Force_Station" title="North Truro Air Force Station">North Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Air_Force_Station" title="Oklahoma City Air Force Station">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olathe_Air_Force_Station" title="Olathe Air Force Station">Olathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Air_Force_Station" title="Omaha Air Force Station">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opheim_Air_Force_Station" title="Opheim Air Force Station">Opheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osceola_Air_Force_Station" title="Osceola Air Force Station">Osceola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othello_Air_Force_Station" title="Othello Air Force Station">Othello</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Owingsville_Air_Force_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owingsville Air Force Station (page does not exist)">Owingsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozona_Air_Force_Station" title="Ozona Air Force Station">Ozona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo_Air_Force_Station" title="Palermo Air Force Station">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Arena_Air_Force_Station" title="Point Arena Air Force Station">Point Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Austin_Air_Force_Station" title="Port Austin Air Force Station">Port Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Isabel_Air_Force_Station" title="Port Isabel Air Force Station">Port Isabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyote_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyote Air Force Station">Pyote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bluff_Air_Force_Station" title="Red Bluff Air Force Station">Red Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Air_Force_Station" title="Rochester Air Force Station">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockport_Air_Force_Station" title="Rockport Air Force Station">Rockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockville_Air_Force_Station" title="Rockville Air Force Station">Rockville (Indiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_Air_National_Guard_Station" title="Roslyn Air National Guard Station">Roslyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_Air_Force_Station" title="Rye Air Force Station">Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Albans_Air_Force_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Albans Air Force Station (page does not exist)">Saint Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Clemente_Island_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="San Clemente Island Air Force Station">San Clemente Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Island_Air_Force_Station" title="Santa Rosa Island Air Force Station">Santa Rosa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Springs_Air_Force_Station" title="Saratoga Springs Air Force Station">Saratoga Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sault_Sainte_Marie_Air_Force_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sault Sainte Marie Air Force Station (page does not exist)">Sault Ste Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eareckson_Air_Station" title="Eareckson Air Station">Shemya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Snelling" title="Fort Snelling">Snelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_Mountain_Air_Force_Station" title="Snow Mountain Air Force Station">Snow Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetwater_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweetwater Air Force Station">Sweetwater</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texarkana_Air_Force_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texarkana Air Force Station (page does not exist)">Texarkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierra_Amarilla_Air_Force_Station" title="Tierra Amarilla Air Force Station">Tierra Amarilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasville_Air_Force_Station" title="Thomasville Air Force Station">Thomasville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonopah_Air_Force_Station" title="Tonopah Air Force Station">Tonopah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topsham_Air_Force_Station" title="Topsham Air Force Station">Topsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Creeks_Air_Force_Station" title="Two Creeks Air Force Station">Two Creeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadena_Air_Force_Station" title="Wadena Air Force Station">Wadena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Ridge_Air_Force_Station" title="Walnut Ridge Air Force Station">Walnut Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watertown_Air_Force_Station" title="Watertown Air Force Station">Watertown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waverly_Air_Force_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waverly Air Force Station (page does not exist)">Waverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Mesa_Air_Force_Station" title="West Mesa Air Force Station">West Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Run_Air_Force_Station" title="Willow Run Air Force Station">Willow Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnemucca_Air_Force_Station" title="Winnemucca Air Force Station">Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winslow_Air_Force_Station" title="Winslow Air Force Station">Winslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem_Air_Force_Station" title="Winston-Salem Air Force Station">Winston-Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAAF_Woomera_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="RAAF Woomera Airfield">Woomera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaak_Air_Force_Station" title="Yaak Air Force Station">Yaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Air_Force_Station" title="Zapata Air Force Station">Zapata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Overseas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CFS_Armstrong" title="CFS Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFS_Baldy_Hughes" title="CFS Baldy Hughes">Baldy Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFS_Beausejour" title="CFS Beausejour">Beausejour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Makkovik_Air_Station" title="Cape Makkovik Air Station">Cape Makkovik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartwright_Air_Station" title="Cartwright Air Station">Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_Throat_Island_Air_Station" title="Cut Throat Island Air Station">Cut Throat Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliston_Ridge_Air_Station" title="Elliston Ridge Air Station">Elliston Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Harbour_Air_Station" title="Fox Harbour Air Station">Fox Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hofn_Air_Station" title="Hofn Air Station">Hofn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopedale_Air_Station" title="Hopedale Air Station">Hopedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFS_Kamloops" title="CFS Kamloops">Kamloops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Scie_Air_Station" title="La Scie Air Station">La Scie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langanes_Air_Station" title="Langanes Air Station">Langanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrar_Air_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Latrar Air Station">Latrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Air_Station" title="Melville Air Station">Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCAF_Station_Puntzi_Mountain" title="RCAF Station Puntzi Mountain">Puntzi Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFS_Ramore" title="CFS Ramore">Ramore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Cliff_Air_Station" title="Red Cliff Air Station">Red Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockville_Air_Station_(Iceland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockville Air Station (Iceland)">Rockville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFS_Saglek" title="CFS Saglek">Saglek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anthony_Air_Station" title="Saint Anthony Air Station">St. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFS_Beaverlodge" title="CFS Beaverlodge">Saskatoon Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFS_Sioux_Lookout" title="CFS Sioux Lookout">Sioux Lookout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_Island_Air_Station" title="Spotted Island Air Station">Spotted Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenville_Air_Station" title="Stephenville Air Station">Stephenville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air<br />Defense<br />units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Defense_Force" title="Central Air Defense Force">Central Air Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Defense_Force" title="Eastern Air Defense Force">Eastern Air Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Group" title="85th Group">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Air_Defense_Force" title="Western Air Defense Force">Western Air Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Air_Force" title="Fourth Air Force">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Air_Force" title="Fourteenth Air Force">Fourteenth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air<br />Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8th_Air_Division" title="8th Air Division">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Space_Division" title="9th Space Division">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Air_Division" title="20th Air Division">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Air_Division" title="21st Air Division">21st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Air_Division_(United_States)" title="23rd Air Division (United States)">23d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Air_Division" title="24th Air Division">24th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Air_Division" title="25th Air Division">25th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Air_Division" title="26th Air Division">26th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Air_Division" title="27th Air Division">27th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Air_Division" title="28th Air Division">28th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Air_Division" title="29th Air Division">29th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30th_Air_Division" title="30th Air Division">30th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Air_Division" title="31st Air Division">31st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="32d Air Division">32d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd Air Division">33d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Air_Division" title="34th Air Division">34th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Air_Division" title="35th Air Division">35th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Air_Division" title="36th Air Division">36th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Air_Division" title="37th Air Division">37th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58th_Air_Division" title="58th Air Division">58th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64th_Air_Division" title="64th Air Division">64th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/73d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="73d Air Division">73d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Air_Division" title="85th Air Division">85th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Albuquerque Air Defense Sector">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Bangor Air Defense Sector">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Boston Air Defense Sector">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Chicago Air Defense Sector">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Detroit Air Defense Sector">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Duluth Air Defense Sector">Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Goose Air Defense Sector">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Grand Forks Air Defense Sector">Grand Forks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Falls_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Great Falls Air Defense Sector">Great Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Kansas City Air Defense Sector">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Air_Defense_Sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Air Defense Sector">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minot_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Minot Air Defense Sector">Minot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Air_Defense_Sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Montgomery Air Defense Sector">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Air_Defense_Sector" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Air Defense Sector">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Oklahoma City Air Defense Sector">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Phoenix Air Defense Sector">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Portland Air Defense Sector">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Reno Air Defense Sector">Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sault_Sainte_Marie_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Sault Sainte Marie Air Defense Sector">Sault Sainte Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Air_Defense_Sector" title="San Francisco Air Defense Sector">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Air_Defense_Sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Air Defense Sector">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_City_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Sioux City Air Defense Sector">Sioux City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Spokane Air Defense Sector">Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Air_Defense_Sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Stewart Air Defense Sector">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Syracuse Air Defense Sector">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Air_Defense_Sector" title="Washington Air Defense Sector">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fighter <a href="/wiki/1st_Fighter_Wing" title="1st Fighter Wing">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Fighter_Wing" title="4th Fighter Wing">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23d_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="23d Wing">23d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32d_Air_Expeditionary_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="32d Air Expeditionary Group">32d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33d_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="33d Fighter Wing">33d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Space_Wing" title="50th Space Wing">50th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52d_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="52d Fighter Wing">52d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Fighter_Wing" title="56th Fighter Wing">56th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78th_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="78th Fighter Wing">78th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Fighter-Interceptor_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="81st Fighter-Interceptor Wing">81st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/325th_Fighter_Wing" title="325th Fighter Wing">325th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/328th_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="328th Fighter Wing">328th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/507th_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="507th Fighter Wing">507th</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Detection and Control <a href="/wiki/71st_Flying_Training_Wing" title="71st Flying Training Wing">71st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/73d_Space_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="73d Space Group">73d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/551st_Electronic_Systems_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="551st Electronic Systems Wing">551st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/552d_Air_Control_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="552d Air Control Wing">552d</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Air Defense <a href="/wiki/46th_Test_Wing" title="46th Test Wing">46th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4620th_Air_Defense_Wing" title="4620th Air Defense Wing">4620th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4621st_Air_Defense_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4621st Air Defense Wing">4621st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4622d_Air_Defense_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4622d Air Defense Wing">4622d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4624th_Air_Defense_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4624th Air Defense Wing">4624th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4625th_Air_Defense_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4625th Air Defense Wing">4625th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4627th_Air_Defense_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4627th Air Defense Wing">4627th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4628th_Air_Defense_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4628th Air Defense Wing">4628th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4683d_Air_Defense_Wing" title="4683d Air Defense Wing">4683d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4700th_Air_Defense_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4700th Air Defense Wing">4700th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4702d_Defense_Wing" title="4702d Defense Wing">4702d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4703d_Defense_Wing" title="4703d Defense Wing">4703d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4704th_Defense_Wing" title="4704th Defense Wing">4704th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4705th_Defense_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4705th Defense Wing">4705th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4706th_Air_Defense_Wing" title="4706th Air Defense Wing">4706th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4707th_Air_Defense_Wing" title="4707th Air Defense Wing">4707th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4708th_Air_Defense_Wing" title="4708th Air Defense Wing">4708th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4709th_Air_Defense_Wing" title="4709th Air Defense Wing">4709th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4710th_Air_Defense_Wing" title="4710th Air Defense Wing">4710th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4711th_Air_Defense_Wing" title="4711th Air Defense Wing">4711th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4750th_Air_Defense_Wing" title="4750th Air Defense Wing">4750th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4751st_Air_Defense_Missile_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4751st Air Defense Missile Wing">4751st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4752d_Air_Defense_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="4752d Air Defense Wing">4752d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4756th_Air_Defense_Wing" title="4756th Air Defense Wing">4756th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4780th_Air_Defense_Wing" title="4780th Air Defense Wing">4780th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fighter <a href="/wiki/1st_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Fighter Group">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Fighter_Group" title="4th Fighter Group">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Operations_Group" title="14th Operations Group">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Wing" title="15th Wing">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23d_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="23d Fighter Group">23d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32d_Air_Expeditionary_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="32d Air Expeditionary Group">32d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33d_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="33d Operations Group">33d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Operations_Group" title="50th Operations Group">50th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52d_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="52d Operations Group">52d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53d_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="53d Wing">53d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Fighter-Interceptor_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="54th Fighter-Interceptor Group">54th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Operations_Group" title="56th Operations Group">56th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Operations_Group" title="57th Operations Group">57th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78th_Fighter_Group" title="78th Fighter Group">78th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="79th Fighter Group">79th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Fighter-Bomber_Group" title="81st Fighter-Bomber Group">81st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/82d_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="82d Operations Group">82d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/84th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="84th Fighter Group">84th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/325th_Operations_Group" title="325th Operations Group">325th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/326th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="326th Fighter Group">326th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/327th_Aircraft_Sustainment_Wing" title="327th Aircraft Sustainment Wing">327th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/328th_Armament_Systems_Wing" title="328th Armament Systems Wing">328th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/329th_Fighter-Interceptor_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="329th Fighter-Interceptor Group">329th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/337th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="337th Fighter Group">337th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/343d_Wing" title="343d Wing">343d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/355th_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="355th Fighter Wing">355th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/408th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="408th Fighter Group">408th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/412th_Test_Wing" title="412th Test Wing">412th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/414th_Fighter_Group" title="414th Fighter Group">414th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/473d_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="473d Fighter Group">473d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53d_Weapons_Evaluation_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="53d Weapons Evaluation Group">475th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/476th_Fighter_Group" title="476th Fighter Group">476th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/478th_Aeronautical_Systems_Wing" title="478th Aeronautical Systems Wing">478th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/507th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="507th Air Refueling Wing">507th</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Air Defense <a href="/wiki/10th_Aerospace_Defense_Group" title="10th Aerospace Defense Group">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500th_Air_Defense_Group" title="500th Air Defense Group">500th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/501st_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="501st Air Defense Group">501st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/502d_Air_Defense_Group" title="502d Air Defense Group">502d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/503d_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="503d Air Defense Group">503d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/514th_Air_Defense_Group" title="514th Air Defense Group">514th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/515th_Air_Defense_Group" title="515th Air Defense Group">515th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/516th_Air_Defense_Group" title="516th Air Defense Group">516th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/517th_Air_Defense_Group" title="517th Air Defense Group">517th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/518th_Air_Defense_Group" title="518th Air Defense Group">518th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/519th_Air_Defense_Group" title="519th Air Defense Group">519th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/520th_Air_Defense_Group" title="520th Air Defense Group">520th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/521st_Air_Defense_Group" title="521st Air Defense Group">521st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/525th_Air_Defense_Group" title="525th Air Defense Group">525th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/527th_Air_Defense_Group" title="527th Air Defense Group">527th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/528th_Air_Defense_Group" title="528th Air Defense Group">528th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/529th_Air_Defense_Group" title="529th Air Defense Group">529th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/530th_Air_Defense_Group" title="530th Air Defense Group">530th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/533d_Air_Defense_Group" title="533d Air Defense Group">533d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/534th_Air_Defense_Group" title="534th Air Defense Group">534th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/564th_Air_Defense_Group" title="564th Air Defense Group">564th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/566th_Air_Defense_Group" title="566th Air Defense Group">566th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/567th_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="567th Air Defense Group">567th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/568th_Air_Defense_Group" title="568th Air Defense Group">568th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/575th_Air_Defense_Group" title="575th Air Defense Group">575th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/637th_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="637th Air Defense Group">637th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/665th_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="665th Air Defense Group">665th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/678th_Air_Defense_Group" title="678th Air Defense Group">678th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/692d_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="692d Air Defense Group">692d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/701st_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="701st Air Defense Group">701st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/751st_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="751st Air Defense Group">751st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/762d_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="762d Air Defense Group">762d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/765th_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="765th Air Defense Group">765th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/778th_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="778th Air Defense Group">778th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/780th_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="780th Air Defense Group">780th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/827th_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="827th Air Defense Group">827th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/858th_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="858th Air Defense Group">858th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4606th_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="4606th Air Defense Group">4606th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4620th_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="4620th Air Defense Group">4620th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4676th_Air_Defense_Group" title="4676th Air Defense Group">4676th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4700th_Air_Defense_Group" title="4700th Air Defense Group">4700th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4721st_Air_Defense_Group" title="4721st Air Defense Group">4721st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4722d_Air_Defense_Group" title="4722d Air Defense Group">4722d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4727th_Air_Defense_Group" title="4727th Air Defense Group">4727th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4728th_Air_Defense_Group" title="4728th Air Defense Group">4728th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4729th_Air_Defense_Group" title="4729th Air Defense Group">4729th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4730th_Air_Defense_Group" title="4730th Air Defense Group">4730th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4731st_Air_Defense_Group" title="4731st Air Defense Group">4731st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4732d_Air_Defense_Group" title="4732d Air Defense Group">4732d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4733d_Air_Defense_Group" title="4733d Air Defense Group">4733d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4734th_Air_Defense_Group" title="4734th Air Defense Group">4734th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4735th_Air_Defense_Group" title="4735th Air Defense Group">4735th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4750th_Air_Defense_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="4750th Air Defense Group">4750th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4756th_Air_Defense_Group" title="4756th Air Defense Group">4756th</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Aircraft Control & Warning <a href="/wiki/503d_Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="503d Aircraft Control and Warning Group">503d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/505th_Command_and_Control_Wing" title="505th Command and Control Wing">505th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/540th_Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Group" title="540th Aircraft Control and Warning Group">540th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/541st_Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Group" title="541st Aircraft Control and Warning Group">541st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/542d_Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="542d Aircraft Control and Warning Group">542d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/543d_Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Group" title="543d Aircraft Control and Warning Group">543d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/544th_Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Group" title="544th Aircraft Control and Warning Group">544th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/545th_Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Group" title="545th Aircraft Control and Warning Group">545th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/546th_Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Group" title="546th Aircraft Control and Warning Group">546th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/563d_Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="563d Aircraft Control and Warning Group">563d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/564th_Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="564th Aircraft Control and Warning Group">564th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/565th_Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="565th Aircraft Control and Warning Group">565th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/566th_Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="566th Aircraft Control and Warning Group">566th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Squadrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Defense_Command_Fighter_Squadrons" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace Defense Command Fighter Squadrons">Aerospace Defense Command Fighter Squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_Control_and_Warning_Squadrons" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft Control and Warning Squadrons">Aircraft Control and Warning Squadrons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major<br />weapon<br />systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Electronic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress_variants" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress variants">TB-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-57_Canberra" title="Martin B-57 Canberra">EB-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-121_Warning_Star" title="Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star">EC-121</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Propeller:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt">F-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">F-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_P-61_Black_Widow" title="Northrop P-61 Black Widow">P-61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">F-82</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Subsonic Jet:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">P-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84_Thunderjet" title="Republic F-84 Thunderjet">F-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">F-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-89_Scorpion" title="Northrop F-89 Scorpion">F-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">F-94</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Supersonic Jet:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">F-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-102_Delta_Dagger" title="Convair F-102 Delta Dagger">F-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">F-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-106_Delta_Dart" title="Convair F-106 Delta Dart">F-106</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIM-4_Falcon" title="AIM-4 Falcon">AIM-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM-26_Falcon" title="AIM-26 Falcon">AIM-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIR-2_Genie" title="AIR-2 Genie">AIR-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_CIM-10_Bomarc" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing CIM-10 Bomarc">CIM-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Guardian_(YAGR-1)" title="USS Guardian (YAGR-1)">Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Interceptor_(AGR-8)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Interceptor (AGR-8)">Interceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Interdictor_(AGR-13)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Interdictor (AGR-13)">Interdictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Interpreter_(AGR-14)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Interpreter (AGR-14)">Interpreter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Investigator_(AGR-9)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Investigator (AGR-9)">Investigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Locator_(AGR-6)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Locator (AGR-6)">Locator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Lookout_(YAGR-2)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Lookout (YAGR-2)">Lookout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Outpost_(AGR-10)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Outpost (AGR-10)">Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Picket_(YAGR-7)" title="USS Picket (YAGR-7)">Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Protector_(AGR-11)" title="USS Protector (AGR-11)">Protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Scanner_(AGR-5)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Scanner (AGR-5)">Scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Searcher_(AGR-4)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Searcher (AGR-4)">Searcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Skywatcher_(AGR-3)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Skywatcher (AGR-3)">Skywatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Tracer_(AGR-15)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Tracer (AGR-15)">Tracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Watchman_(AGR-16)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Watchman (AGR-16)">Watchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Vigil_(AGR-12)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Vigil (AGR-12)">Vigil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Texas Towers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_2" title="Texas Tower 2">Texas Tower 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_3" title="Texas Tower 3">Texas Tower 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tower_4" title="Texas Tower 4">Texas Tower 4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aerospace_Defense_Command_Emblems">Air Defense Command Emblem Gallery</a> (on Wikimedia Commons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_general_surveillance_radar_stations" title="United States general surveillance radar stations">General Surveillance Radar Stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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