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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Terms and derivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terms_and_derivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wearing_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wearing_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Wearing variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wearing_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolved_chaperon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolved_chaperon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Evolved chaperon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolved_chaperon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_height_of_fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_height_of_fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The height of fashion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_height_of_fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_chaperons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_chaperons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Political chaperons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_chaperons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_cappuccio_in_Renaissance_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_cappuccio_in_Renaissance_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>The cappuccio in Renaissance art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_cappuccio_in_Renaissance_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funerary_ornaments_on_horses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funerary_ornaments_on_horses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Funerary ornaments on horses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funerary_ornaments_on_horses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chaperon (headgear)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caper%C3%B3" title="Caperó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caperó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaperon_(pokr%C3%BDvka_hlavy)" title="Chaperon (pokrývka hlavy) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chaperon (pokrývka hlavy)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaperon" title="Chaperon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Chaperon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaperon_(Kopfbedeckung)" title="Chaperon (Kopfbedeckung) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chaperon (Kopfbedeckung)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaper%C3%B3n_(tocado)" title="Chaperón (tocado) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chaperón (tocado)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88aperono_(kapvesto)" title="Ĉaperono (kapvesto) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉaperono (kapvesto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaperon_(couvre-chef)" title="Chaperon (couvre-chef) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chaperon (couvre-chef)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aperon" title="Šaperon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šaperon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capperone" title="Capperone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Capperone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaproen_(hoofddeksel)" title="Kaproen (hoofddeksel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaproen (hoofddeksel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaperon_(hodeplagg)" title="Chaperon (hodeplagg) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chaperon (hodeplagg)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaperon_(nakrycie_g%C5%82owy)" title="Chaperon (nakrycie głowy) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chaperon (nakrycie głowy)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Шаперон (головной убор) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шаперон (головной убор)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaperon_(huvudbonad)" title="Chaperon (huvudbonad) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chaperon (huvudbonad)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80)" title="Шаперон (головний убір) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шаперон (головний убір)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q572240#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chaperon_(headgear)" title="View the content page [c]" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the headgear. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Chaperon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Chaperon (disambiguation)">Chaperon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cappuccio" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cappuccio_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cappuccio (disambiguation)">Cappuccio (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_a_Man_by_Jan_van_Eyck-small.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Portrait_of_a_Man_by_Jan_van_Eyck-small.jpg/270px-Portrait_of_a_Man_by_Jan_van_Eyck-small.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Portrait_of_a_Man_by_Jan_van_Eyck-small.jpg/405px-Portrait_of_a_Man_by_Jan_van_Eyck-small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Portrait_of_a_Man_by_Jan_van_Eyck-small.jpg/540px-Portrait_of_a_Man_by_Jan_van_Eyck-small.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2356" data-file-height="3233" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_a_Man_(Self_Portrait%3F)" title="Portrait of a Man (Self Portrait?)">Probable self-portrait</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a>, 1433, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a>. The chaperon is worn in style A with just a patch of the bourrelet showing (right of centre) through the cornette wound round it (practical for painting in).<sup id="cite_ref-LC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chaperon" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:chaperon"> chaperon</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>A <b>chaperon</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Middle_French" title="Middle French">Middle French</a>: <i>chaperon</i>) was a form of <a href="/wiki/Hood_(headgear)" title="Hood (headgear)">hood</a> or, later, a highly versatile <a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">hat</a> worn by men and women in all parts of <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. Initially a utilitarian garment, it first grew a long partly decorative tail behind (a <a href="/wiki/Liripipe" title="Liripipe">liripipe</a>), and then developed into a complex, versatile and expensive item of headgear after what was originally the vertical opening for the face began to be used as a horizontal opening for the head. The chaperon was especially fashionable in mid-15th century <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, before gradually falling out of fashion in the late-15th century and returning to its utilitarian status. It is the most commonly worn male headgear in <a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish painting</a>, but its complicated construction is often misunderstood.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Humble_origins">Humble origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Humble origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maciejowski_Bible_cappa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Maciejowski_Bible_cappa.png/170px-Maciejowski_Bible_cappa.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Maciejowski_Bible_cappa.png/255px-Maciejowski_Bible_cappa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Maciejowski_Bible_cappa.png/340px-Maciejowski_Bible_cappa.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption>The original form of chaperon, worn with the hood pulled back off the head. Many were shorter than this example. <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Bible" title="Morgan Bible">Morgan Bible</a>, mid 13th century.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eyck,_Jan_van_-_Portrait_of_a_Young_Man_(Tymotheos)_-_National_Gallery,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Eyck%2C_Jan_van_-_Portrait_of_a_Young_Man_%28Tymotheos%29_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/230px-Eyck%2C_Jan_van_-_Portrait_of_a_Young_Man_%28Tymotheos%29_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="413" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Eyck%2C_Jan_van_-_Portrait_of_a_Young_Man_%28Tymotheos%29_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/345px-Eyck%2C_Jan_van_-_Portrait_of_a_Young_Man_%28Tymotheos%29_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Eyck%2C_Jan_van_-_Portrait_of_a_Young_Man_%28Tymotheos%29_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/460px-Eyck%2C_Jan_van_-_Portrait_of_a_Young_Man_%28Tymotheos%29_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3341" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9al_Souvenir" title="Léal Souvenir">Léal Souvenir</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a>, 1432, National Gallery. A relatively simple wool chaperon, with <i>bourrelet</i>, and <i>cornette</i> hanging forward.<sup id="cite_ref-LC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The chaperon began before 1200 as a <a href="/wiki/Hood_(headgear)" title="Hood (headgear)">hood</a> with a short <a href="/wiki/Cape" title="Cape">cape</a>, put on by pulling over the head, or fastening at the front. The hood could be pulled off the head to hang behind, leaving the short cape round the neck and shoulders. The edge of the cape was often trimmed, cut or scalloped for decorative effect. There were woolen ones, used in cold weather, and lighter ones for summer. In this form it continued through to the end of the Middle Ages, worn by the lower classes, often by women as well as men, and especially in Northern Europe. The hood was loose at the back, and sometimes ended in a tail that came to a point. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terms_and_derivation">Terms and derivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Terms and derivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chaperon is a diminutive of <i>chape</i>, which derives, like the English <i><a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">cap</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cape" title="Cape">cape</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Cope" title="Cope">cope</a></i>, from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> <i>cappa</i>, which already could mean <i>cap</i>, <i>cape</i> or <i>hood</i> (<a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a>). </p><p>The tail of the hood, often quite long, was called the <i>tippit</i><sup id="cite_ref-SR_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Liripipe" title="Liripipe">liripipe</a> in English, and <i>liripipe</i> or <b>cornette</b> in French. The cape element was a <b>patte</b> in French and in English <i>cape</i>, or sometimes <i>cockscomb</i><sup id="cite_ref-SR_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when fancily cut. Later a round <b>bourrelet</b> (or <i>rondel</i>) could form part of the assemblage.<sup id="cite_ref-LC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patte, cornette and bourrelet were the usual terms in the French of the 15th century Burgundian court, and are used here.<sup id="cite_ref-LC_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Italian the equivalent terms were <b>foggia</b>, <b>becchetto</b>, and <b>mazzocchio</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-frick_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frick-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Chaperon</i> was sometimes used in English, and also <a href="/wiki/German_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="German (language)">German</a>, for both the hood and hat forms (<a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a>). But the word never appears in the <a href="/wiki/Paston_Letters" title="Paston Letters">Paston Letters</a>, where there are many references to <i>hats</i>, <i>hoods</i> and <i>bonnets</i> for men. As with all aspects of medieval costume, there are many contemporary images of clothing, and many mentions of names for clothing in contemporary documents, but definitively matching the names to the styles in the images is rarely possible.<sup id="cite_ref-SR_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Italian the word was <b>cappuccio</b> [kap'put:ʃo], or its diminutive <i>cappuccino</i>, from which come the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchin friars</a>, whose distinctive white hood and brown robe led to the <a href="/wiki/Capuchin_monkey" title="Capuchin monkey">monkey</a> and the type of <a href="/wiki/Cappuccino" title="Cappuccino">coffee</a> being named after them (it also means the cap of a pen in Italian). </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Riding_Hood" title="Little Red Riding Hood">Little Red Riding Hood</a></i> is <i>Le Petit Chaperon rouge</i> in the earliest published version, by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Perrault" title="Charles Perrault">Charles Perrault</a>, and French depictions of the story naturally favour the chaperon over the long riding-hood of ones in English. </p><p>In French <i>chaperon</i> was also the term in <a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">falconry</a> for the hood placed over a hawk's head when held on the hand to stop it wanting to fly away. It is either this or the headgear meaning that later extended figuratively to become <a href="/wiki/Chaperone_(social)" title="Chaperone (social)">chaperon</a> (in UK English, almost always <i>chaperone</i>) meaning a protective escort, especially for a woman. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wearing_variations">Wearing variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wearing variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_the_good.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Philip_the_good.jpg/230px-Philip_the_good.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Philip_the_good.jpg/345px-Philip_the_good.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Philip_the_good.jpg/460px-Philip_the_good.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1691" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philip_III,_Duke_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip III, Duke of Burgundy">Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy</a> after <a href="/wiki/Rogier_van_der_Weyden" title="Rogier van der Weyden">Rogier van der Weyden</a>, c. 1450, has an unusually large <i>bourrelet</i>, surely hollow, worn in style D.</figcaption></figure> <p>About 1300 the chaperon began to be worn by putting the hole intended for the face over the top of the head instead; perhaps in hot weather. This left the <i>cornette</i> tail and the cape or <i>patte</i>, hanging loose from the top of the head. This became fashionable, and chaperons began to be made to be worn in this style. Some authorities only use the term chaperon for this type, calling the earlier forms hoods – which was certainly their usual name in English. This is a categorisation for modern discussions only; there is no dispute over whether chaperon was the contemporary term. See the wearing <i>Colley-Weston-ward</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Mandilion" title="Mandilion">mandilion</a> for an analogous development in a type of coat. </p><p>A padded circular <b>bourrelet</b> (or <i>rondel</i>) evolved, which sat around the head, whilst the <i>cornette</i> became much longer, and gradually more scarf-like in shape, until by the 1430s it was usually straight at the sides and square-ended. Especially in Italy, the cornette was sometimes dispensed with, leaving just an un-flared tubular patte fixed to the bourrelet all round and hanging down to one side of the head. Reed (see refs) calls these <i>sack hats</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SR_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1400–16, the period of the famous <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminated manuscripts">illuminated manuscripts</a> of the <i>Livre de Chasse</i> of <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Phoebus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaston Phoebus">Gaston Phoebus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris</a> Ms Français 616), and the <i><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_Duc_de_Berry" title="Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry">Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry</a></i> chaperons are to be seen worn by many figures. In the famous Calendar scenes of the <i>Trés Riches Heures</i>, they are worn in the original form by the peasants working in the fields, both men and women (February, March and September), and huntsmen (December), and in the new form by some of the courtiers (January and May), who wear coloured and scalloped ones, probably of silk. However, the Duke himself, and the most prominent courtiers, do not wear them. In the <i>Livre de Chasse</i> they are most often worn by the lower huntsmen on foot in the original form, though they and mounted hunters also wear them on top of the head. Figures often have a hood chaperon and a hat as well. Only the original form (trimmed with fur in one case - fol.51V) is worn by the very highest-ranking figures. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://classes.bnf.fr/phebus/pistes/index6.htm">[3]</a> </p><p>By the 1430s most chaperons had become simpler in the treatment of the cloth, and the cornette is long and plain, although the patte may still be elaborately treated with dagging. A perhaps overdressed courtier in a Van der Weyden workshop <i>Exhumation of St Hubert</i> (<a href="/wiki/National_Gallery,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery, London">National Gallery, London</a> NG 783) from this decade still has a very elaborately cut and dagged patte.<sup id="cite_ref-LC_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A figure behind him is wearing his in church, which is unusual (both figures can be paralleled in the <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sacraments_Altarpiece" title="Seven Sacraments Altarpiece">Seven Sacraments Altarpiece</a></i>; see Gallery below). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolved_chaperon">Evolved chaperon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Evolved chaperon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:690px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden-_Seven_Sacraments_Chaperon_detail_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/690px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden-_Seven_Sacraments_Chaperon_detail_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="383" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>The carried chaperon (style F) of the lower man shows clearly (from bottom) the <i>patte</i>, <i>bourrelet</i> and <i>cornette</i>. The man above has a much larger <i>bourrelet</i> and his <i>patte</i> tied under the chin (1445–50, detail from gallery).</figcaption></figure> <p>By the middle of the 15th century the evolved chaperon (worn on top of the head, with bourrelet) had become common wear for males in the upper and middle classes, and were worn in painted portraits, including those of the Dukes of Burgundy. The amount of cloth involved had become considerable, and although chaperons seem to have normally been of a single colour at this period, a silk or damask one would have been a conspicuous sign of affluence. A Florentine chaperon of 1515 is recorded as using sixteen <i>braccia</i> of cloth, over ten yards (9 metres).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chaperons are nearly always shown in art as plain-coloured at this period, but painting a patterned one would have been a daunting task. </p><p>The cornette now stretched nearly to the ground, and the patte had also grown slightly; both were now plain and undecorated by cutting or dagging at the edges. Bourrelets could be very large, or quite modest; some were clearly made round a hollow framework (a drawing survives of an Italian block for making them).<sup id="cite_ref-LC_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest bourrelets are worn by very high ranking men around 1445–50. Sometimes they seem to be just a ring (the <a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">doughnut</a> analogy is hard to resist) with an open centre, and sometimes the opening seems to be at least partly covered with fixed cloth. Because the bourrelets were usually the same shape all the way round, several different parts of it could be worn facing forward. Probably for this reason, chaperons are rarely seen adorned by badges or jewellery. There were now many ways of wearing, and indeed carrying, this most complex and adaptable of hats: </p> <ul><li>A) the cornette and patte could be tied together on top of the head, to create a flamboyant turban-like effect, sometimes with a short tail of cornette or patte hanging to the rear.</li> <li>B) the patte could be looped under the chin and tied or pinned to the bourrelet on the other side of the face, whilst the cornette hung behind or in front, or was tied on top.</li> <li>C) the patte could be worn to the loose to the rear, with the cornette tied on top, or hanging loose to front or rear.</li> <li>D) conversely the patte could be tied above, whilst the cornette hung loose to front or rear.</li> <li>E) the patte could be worn to the rear, loose or tucked into the other clothes at the back of the neck, whilst the cornette was wrapped round over the top of the head and under the chin a couple of times and secured. This was suitable for cold or windy weather, especially when riding.</li> <li>F) when the chaperon needed to be removed, in warm weather, or in the presence of a person much higher in rank (and, usually, in church) it could be put over the shoulder with the patte and cornette hanging on opposite sides, or round the shoulders. Which came forward and which went back varies considerably, but more often the bourrelet went behind. Possibly the chaperon was secured to the shoulder, as the assemblage often looks rather precarious. <a href="/wiki/Donor_portrait" title="Donor portrait">Donor figures</a> in religious paintings always wear their chaperons in this way, as they are figuratively in the presence of the saints or the Madonna.</li></ul> <p>Examples of these styles are shown in the illustrations to the article and in the Gallery section below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_height_of_fashion">The height of fashion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The height of fashion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Presentation_Miniature,_Chroniques_de_Hainaut_KBR_9242.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Presentation_Miniature%2C_Chroniques_de_Hainaut_KBR_9242.jpg/360px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Presentation_Miniature%2C_Chroniques_de_Hainaut_KBR_9242.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Presentation_Miniature%2C_Chroniques_de_Hainaut_KBR_9242.jpg/540px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Presentation_Miniature%2C_Chroniques_de_Hainaut_KBR_9242.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Presentation_Miniature%2C_Chroniques_de_Hainaut_KBR_9242.jpg/720px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden_-_Presentation_Miniature%2C_Chroniques_de_Hainaut_KBR_9242.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2428" data-file-height="1834" /></a><figcaption>Miniature by <a href="/wiki/Rogier_van_der_Weyden" title="Rogier van der Weyden">Rogier van der Weyden</a> (1447–8). <i><a href="/wiki/Jean_Wauquelin_presenting_his_%27Chroniques_de_Hainaut%27_to_Philip_the_Good" title="Jean Wauquelin presenting his 'Chroniques de Hainaut' to Philip the Good">Philip the Good of Burgundy and courtiers</a></i> (styles B and F; see text)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Jean_Wauquelin_presenting_his_%27Chroniques_de_Hainaut%27_to_Philip_the_Good" title="Jean Wauquelin presenting his 'Chroniques de Hainaut' to Philip the Good">only surviving manuscript miniature</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rogier_van_der_Weyden" title="Rogier van der Weyden">Rogier van der Weyden</a> shows Philip the Good wearing a chaperon in style B. Next to him stands Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Rolin" title="Nicolas Rolin">Nicolas Rolin</a>, using a less exuberant version of style B; only he has sufficient status to wear his chaperon indoors in the Duke's presence. Apart from the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Tournai" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Tournai">Bishop of Tournai</a>, next to Rolin, all the other men are bare-headed, even Philip's young heir, despite the fact that several of them are high-ranking intimates who, like the Duke, wear the collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a>. But as far as can be seen, all have hats. The man in grey seems to be carrying another sort of hat, but all the other ones visible are chaperons worn in style F, mostly with the cornettes to the front. The young <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles the Bold</a> has his patte wrapped round the back of his neck, and the man on the extreme right has his bourrelet further than usual down his back, with the patte hanging down from it. Most of the chaperons are black, although the man in blue has one in salmon-pink; black was having one of its earliest periods of being the most fashionable colour at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-IR_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chaperon never became quite this dominant in Italy or France; nor does it seem to have been worn as often by grand personages, although this is sometimes the case.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a famous bust of <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_de%27_Medici" title="Lorenzo de' Medici">Lorenzo de' Medici</a> wearing one, although in this he may be deliberately avoiding ostentatious dress (see gallery section). They are more characteristic of merchants and lawyers in these countries, for example in the images of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fouquet" title="Jean Fouquet">Jean Fouquet</a> from the mid-century. In England, on the other hand, almost all the non-royal members of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a> are shown wearing them in their portraits in "<a href="/wiki/Bruges_Garter_Book" title="Bruges Garter Book">William Bruges' Garter Book</a>" of 1430–1440 (<a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>, Stowe MS 594).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> they were generally less common, & appeared lower down the social scale.<sup id="cite_ref-SR_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were apparently never worn by the clergy anywhere.<sup id="cite_ref-SR_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_chaperons">Political chaperons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political chaperons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Verrocchio_Lorenzo_de_Medici.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Verrocchio_Lorenzo_de_Medici.jpg/220px-Verrocchio_Lorenzo_de_Medici.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Verrocchio_Lorenzo_de_Medici.jpg/330px-Verrocchio_Lorenzo_de_Medici.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Verrocchio_Lorenzo_de_Medici.jpg/440px-Verrocchio_Lorenzo_de_Medici.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="3211" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_de%27_Medici" title="Lorenzo de' Medici">Lorenzo de' Medici</a> after <a href="/wiki/Verrocchio" class="mw-redirect" title="Verrocchio">Verrocchio</a>, later than 1478, wearing a rather simple chaperon. The larger styles are now outdated, plus he is projecting a political message as <i>Pater Patriae</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Chaperons were used in France and Burgundy to denote, by their colour, allegiance to a political faction. The factions themselves were also sometimes known as chaperons. During the captivity in England of King <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John II of France</a> in 1356, the participants in a popular uprising in Paris against his son, the future <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a>, wore parti-coloured chaperons of red, for <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, and blue for <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a> as they supported the claim to the French throne of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Navarre" title="Charles II of Navarre">Charles the Bad of Navarre</a>. In 1379 the ever-difficult citizens of <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a> rose up against <a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_Duke_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip II, Duke of Burgundy">Duke Philip the Bold of Burgundy</a> wearing white chaperons. White was also worn in factional disturbances in Paris in 1413, by opponents of the <a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(party)" title="Armagnac (party)">Armagnacs</a>, during one of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI's</a> bouts of madness.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chaperon was one of the items of male clothing that featured in the charges brought against <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> at her trial in 1431.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was apparently a hat rather than a hood, as she was stated to have taken it off in front of the Dauphin – this was cited as further damning evidence of her assuming male behaviours.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 15th century Florence, cappucci were associated with <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republicans</a>, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Courtier" title="Courtier">courtiers</a> (see gallery). An advisor to the Medici told them in 1516 that they should get as many young men to wear "the courtier's cap" rather than the cappucci.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A cappucci was more practical; in urban areas, such as Florence, when seeing a person of higher rank on the street it was simply touched deferentially or pushed back on the head slightly.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_cappuccio_in_Renaissance_art">The cappuccio in Renaissance art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The cappuccio in Renaissance art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uccello_mazzocchio2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Uccello_mazzocchio2.jpg/200px-Uccello_mazzocchio2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Uccello_mazzocchio2.jpg/300px-Uccello_mazzocchio2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Uccello_mazzocchio2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="311" /></a><figcaption>Above: A mazzocchio, perhaps worn by himself, in the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> portion of <a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_San_Romano" title="The Battle of San Romano">The Battle of San Romano</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Uccello" title="Paolo Uccello">Paolo Uccello</a>, c. 1435–1440.<br />Below: Perspective study of a <a href="/wiki/Torus" title="Torus">torus</a> by Paolo Uccello, c. 1430–1440.<sup id="cite_ref-emmer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emmer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Cecil_Lord_Burghley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/William_Cecil_Lord_Burghley.jpg/250px-William_Cecil_Lord_Burghley.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/William_Cecil_Lord_Burghley.jpg/375px-William_Cecil_Lord_Burghley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/William_Cecil_Lord_Burghley.jpg/500px-William_Cecil_Lord_Burghley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="1302" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley" title="William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley">William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a> robes, c. 1595, with vestigial <i>bourrelet</i>, the <i>cornette</i> worn as a sort of <a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">sash</a>, tucked under a belt, and the <i>patte</i> off to the left. On his head he wears a cap.</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to being featured in many <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance#Painting_and_sculpture" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> portraits by virtue of being the fashion of the day, the Italian cappuccio was of interest because the mazzocchio's shape made it a good subject for the developing art of <a href="/wiki/Perspective_(graphical)" title="Perspective (graphical)">perspective</a>. The painter <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Uccello" title="Paolo Uccello">Paolo Uccello</a> studied the perspective of the mazzocchio and incorporated it in some of his paintings (e.g. in <i>The Counterattack of Michelotto da Cotignola at the <a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_San_Romano" title="The Battle of San Romano">Battle of San Romano</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-emmer_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emmer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from portraits, many of the best, and least formal, depictions of the chaperon in art come from paintings of the <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a> and other scenes of the early life of Christ. It is of course always winter, when the chaperon was most likely to be worn. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a> is especially useful, as it is never part of his depiction to be fashionably dressed, and it is part of his character in the period that he is often shown quite dishevelled (see examples below). The shepherds are the lower-class figures most often shown in a large scale in paintings of the period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decline">Decline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By about 1480 the chaperon was ceasing to be fashionable, but continued to be worn.<sup id="cite_ref-SR_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The size of the bourrelet was reduced, and the patte undecorated. St Joseph could, by this stage, often be seen with the evolved form. By 1500 the evolved chaperon was definitely outmoded in Northern Europe, but the original hood form still remained a useful headgear for shepherds and peasants. By this time the evolved chaperon had become fixed in some forms of civilian <a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">uniforms</a> for lawyers, academics and the members of some knightly orders, such as the Order of the Garter. In these uses it gradually shrank in size and often became permanently attached to the clothing underneath, effectively just as an ornament, in its present form, as a part of academic dress, called an <a href="/wiki/Epitoge" title="Epitoge">epitoge</a>. In Italy it remained more current, more as a dignified form of headgear for older men, until about the 1520s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funerary_ornaments_on_horses">Funerary ornaments on horses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Funerary ornaments on horses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a later related use of the term, the name <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">chaperoon</i></span> passed to certain little <a href="/wiki/Shield" title="Shield">shields</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">escutcheons</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Funeral" title="Funeral">funeral</a> devices, placed on the foreheads of horses that drew the <a href="/wiki/Hearse" title="Hearse">hearses</a> to processional funerals. These were called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">chaperoons</i></span> or <i>shafferoons</i>, as they were originally fastened to the <i>chaperonnes</i>, or hoods, worn by those horses with their other coverings of state.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See also <a href="/wiki/Frentera" title="Frentera">Frentera</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hennequin_und_Herman_von)_Br%C3%BCder_(Pol_Limburg_006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry, January (detail), c. 1410. The two courtiers standing behind the table to the left wear elaborately cut and dagged patterned chaperons."><img alt="Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry, January (detail), c. 1410. The two courtiers standing behind the table to the left wear elaborately cut and dagged patterned chaperons." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hennequin_und_Herman_von%29_Br%C3%BCder_%28Pol_Limburg_006.jpg/104px-Hennequin_und_Herman_von%29_Br%C3%BCder_%28Pol_Limburg_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hennequin_und_Herman_von%29_Br%C3%BCder_%28Pol_Limburg_006.jpg/156px-Hennequin_und_Herman_von%29_Br%C3%BCder_%28Pol_Limburg_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hennequin_und_Herman_von%29_Br%C3%BCder_%28Pol_Limburg_006.jpg/208px-Hennequin_und_Herman_von%29_Br%C3%BCder_%28Pol_Limburg_006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2337" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry">Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry</a></i>, January (detail), c. 1410. The two courtiers standing behind the table to the left wear elaborately cut and dagged patterned chaperons.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_van_Eyck_074a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of Jan van Eyck's Rolin Madonna, c. 1435. Two citizens wear their pattes behind in style C. The cornette of the one on the left can be seen in front of him."><img alt="Detail of Jan van Eyck's Rolin Madonna, c. 1435. Two citizens wear their pattes behind in style C. The cornette of the one on the left can be seen in front of him." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jan_van_Eyck_074a.jpg/95px-Jan_van_Eyck_074a.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jan_van_Eyck_074a.jpg/143px-Jan_van_Eyck_074a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jan_van_Eyck_074a.jpg/191px-Jan_van_Eyck_074a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rolin_Madonna" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolin Madonna">Rolin Madonna</a>, c. 1435. Two citizens wear their pattes behind in style C. The cornette of the one on the left can be seen in front of him.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_van_Eyck_-_Bildnis_eines_Mannes_(aus_der_Familie_Arnolfini),_1438_-_1441,_523A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait presumed to be of Giovanni Arnolfini by Jan van Eyck, c. 1438. The chaperon is worn with cornette tied on top of the head, and the patte hanging behind (style C). The bourrelet is twisted.[1]"><img alt="Portrait presumed to be of Giovanni Arnolfini by Jan van Eyck, c. 1438. The chaperon is worn with cornette tied on top of the head, and the patte hanging behind (style C). The bourrelet is twisted.[1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Jan_van_Eyck_-_Bildnis_eines_Mannes_%28aus_der_Familie_Arnolfini%29%2C_1438_-_1441%2C_523A.jpg/85px-Jan_van_Eyck_-_Bildnis_eines_Mannes_%28aus_der_Familie_Arnolfini%29%2C_1438_-_1441%2C_523A.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Jan_van_Eyck_-_Bildnis_eines_Mannes_%28aus_der_Familie_Arnolfini%29%2C_1438_-_1441%2C_523A.jpg/127px-Jan_van_Eyck_-_Bildnis_eines_Mannes_%28aus_der_Familie_Arnolfini%29%2C_1438_-_1441%2C_523A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Jan_van_Eyck_-_Bildnis_eines_Mannes_%28aus_der_Familie_Arnolfini%29%2C_1438_-_1441%2C_523A.jpg/169px-Jan_van_Eyck_-_Bildnis_eines_Mannes_%28aus_der_Familie_Arnolfini%29%2C_1438_-_1441%2C_523A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2405" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Giovanni_di_Nicolao_Arnolfini" title="Portrait of Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini">Portrait</a> presumed to be of <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Arnolfini" title="Giovanni Arnolfini">Giovanni Arnolfini</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a>, c. 1438. The chaperon is worn with cornette tied on top of the head, and the patte hanging behind (style C). The bourrelet is twisted.<sup id="cite_ref-LC_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pisanello_018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Vision of Saint Eustace by Pisanello, c. 1440. The dandyish saint wears an especially voluminous chaperon in style A. As with some other hats by Pisanello, the depiction may be rather exaggerated compared to hats worn in reality.[19]"><img alt="The Vision of Saint Eustace by Pisanello, c. 1440. The dandyish saint wears an especially voluminous chaperon in style A. As with some other hats by Pisanello, the depiction may be rather exaggerated compared to hats worn in reality.[19]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pisanello_018.jpg/120px-Pisanello_018.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pisanello_018.jpg/180px-Pisanello_018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pisanello_018.jpg/240px-Pisanello_018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5137" data-file-height="4226" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vision_of_Saint_Eustace" title="The Vision of Saint Eustace">The Vision of Saint Eustace</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Pisanello" title="Pisanello">Pisanello</a>, c. 1440. The dandyish saint wears an especially voluminous chaperon in style A. As with some other hats by Pisanello, the depiction may be rather exaggerated compared to hats worn in reality.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sassetta_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Francis renounces his father by Sassetta, 1437–44. The father's patte, or possibly cornette, appears to be wound vertically through the bourrelet, which is rather flat. He wears a matching cloak. The companion who restrains him has a chaperon that looks like a turban."><img alt="St Francis renounces his father by Sassetta, 1437–44. The father's patte, or possibly cornette, appears to be wound vertically through the bourrelet, which is rather flat. He wears a matching cloak. The companion who restrains him has a chaperon that looks like a turban." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sassetta_001.jpg/71px-Sassetta_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="71" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sassetta_001.jpg/106px-Sassetta_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sassetta_001.jpg/141px-Sassetta_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>St Francis renounces his father</i> by <a href="/wiki/Stefano_di_Giovanni" title="Stefano di Giovanni">Sassetta</a>, 1437–44. The father's patte, or possibly cornette, appears to be wound vertically through the bourrelet, which is rather flat. He wears a matching cloak. The companion who restrains him has a chaperon that looks like a turban.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rogier_van_der_Weyden-_Seven_Sacraments_Altarpiece_-_Baptism,_Confirmation,_and_Penance;_detail,_left_wing.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rogier van der Weyden's Seven Sacraments Altarpiece: Baptism, Confirmation, and Penance, 1445–50. The man on the extreme left gives a clear view of his dagged patte. The father of the baby above him is wearing his in church. The three boys being confirmed also have chaperons. The old man confessing has a cut hood chaperon as well as a hat on the floor."><img alt="Rogier van der Weyden's Seven Sacraments Altarpiece: Baptism, Confirmation, and Penance, 1445–50. The man on the extreme left gives a clear view of his dagged patte. The father of the baby above him is wearing his in church. The three boys being confirmed also have chaperons. The old man confessing has a cut hood chaperon as well as a hat on the floor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rogier_van_der_Weyden-_Seven_Sacraments_Altarpiece_-_Baptism%2C_Confirmation%2C_and_Penance%3B_detail%2C_left_wing.JPG/120px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden-_Seven_Sacraments_Altarpiece_-_Baptism%2C_Confirmation%2C_and_Penance%3B_detail%2C_left_wing.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rogier_van_der_Weyden-_Seven_Sacraments_Altarpiece_-_Baptism%2C_Confirmation%2C_and_Penance%3B_detail%2C_left_wing.JPG/180px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden-_Seven_Sacraments_Altarpiece_-_Baptism%2C_Confirmation%2C_and_Penance%3B_detail%2C_left_wing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rogier_van_der_Weyden-_Seven_Sacraments_Altarpiece_-_Baptism%2C_Confirmation%2C_and_Penance%3B_detail%2C_left_wing.JPG/240px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden-_Seven_Sacraments_Altarpiece_-_Baptism%2C_Confirmation%2C_and_Penance%3B_detail%2C_left_wing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="966" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rogier_van_der_Weyden" title="Rogier van der Weyden">Rogier van der Weyden</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sacraments_Altarpiece" title="Seven Sacraments Altarpiece">Seven Sacraments Altarpiece</a></i>: Baptism, Confirmation, and Penance, 1445–50. The man on the extreme left gives a clear view of his dagged patte. The father of the baby above him is wearing his in church. The three boys being confirmed also have chaperons. The old man confessing has a cut hood chaperon as well as a hat on the floor.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rogier_van_der_Weyden_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nativity by Rogier van der Weyden, 1446. St Joseph wears a small unevolved chaperon, pulled back off the head. The richly dressed donor has his evolved chaperon hanging behind him, with a large bourrelet and the long cornette trailing on the ground above his feet."><img alt="Nativity by Rogier van der Weyden, 1446. St Joseph wears a small unevolved chaperon, pulled back off the head. The richly dressed donor has his evolved chaperon hanging behind him, with a large bourrelet and the long cornette trailing on the ground above his feet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Rogier_van_der_Weyden_005.jpg/117px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Rogier_van_der_Weyden_005.jpg/175px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Rogier_van_der_Weyden_005.jpg/233px-Rogier_van_der_Weyden_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2083" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Nativity</i> by <a href="/wiki/Rogier_van_der_Weyden" title="Rogier van der Weyden">Rogier van der Weyden</a>, 1446. St Joseph wears a small unevolved chaperon, pulled back off the head. The richly dressed donor has his evolved chaperon hanging behind him, with a large bourrelet and the long cornette trailing on the ground above his feet.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrus_Christus_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Donor figure by Petrus Christus c. 1450. The chaperon is carried over the shoulder, with the cornette to the front, in style F."><img alt="Donor figure by Petrus Christus c. 1450. The chaperon is carried over the shoulder, with the cornette to the front, in style F." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Petrus_Christus_005.jpg/79px-Petrus_Christus_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Petrus_Christus_005.jpg/119px-Petrus_Christus_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Petrus_Christus_005.jpg/159px-Petrus_Christus_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1085" data-file-height="1635" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Donor figure by <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Christus" title="Petrus Christus">Petrus Christus</a> c. 1450. The chaperon is carried over the shoulder, with the cornette to the front, in style F.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrus_Christus_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nativity by Petrus Christus, c. 1450. St Joseph carries his purple chaperon in a tangle in his hand, with the cornette vanishing into his other clothes."><img alt="Nativity by Petrus Christus, c. 1450. St Joseph carries his purple chaperon in a tangle in his hand, with the cornette vanishing into his other clothes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Petrus_Christus_002.jpg/81px-Petrus_Christus_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Petrus_Christus_002.jpg/122px-Petrus_Christus_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Petrus_Christus_002.jpg/162px-Petrus_Christus_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1857" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Nativity</i> by <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Christus" title="Petrus Christus">Petrus Christus</a>, c. 1450. St Joseph carries his purple chaperon in a tangle in his hand, with the cornette vanishing into his other clothes.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_des_Jouvenel_des_Ursins_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miniature by the Master of Jouvenel des Oursins, 1460. The near courtier has a chaperon over his shoulder as well as a hat. Behind the bed some Eastern princes wear turbans."><img alt="Miniature by the Master of Jouvenel des Oursins, 1460. The near courtier has a chaperon over his shoulder as well as a hat. Behind the bed some Eastern princes wear turbans." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Meister_des_Jouvenel_des_Ursins_002.jpg/120px-Meister_des_Jouvenel_des_Ursins_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Meister_des_Jouvenel_des_Ursins_002.jpg/180px-Meister_des_Jouvenel_des_Ursins_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Meister_des_Jouvenel_des_Ursins_002.jpg/240px-Meister_des_Jouvenel_des_Ursins_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="943" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Miniature by the <i>Master of Jouvenel des Oursins</i>, 1460. The near courtier has a chaperon over his shoulder as well as a hat. Behind the bed some Eastern princes wear <a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">turbans</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Friedrich_Herlin_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Friedrich Herlin, 1462–5. Typically for Germany, the highest status men (with kneelers) have fur (?) hats, whilst the sons with chaperons kneel on the floor."><img alt="Friedrich Herlin, 1462–5. Typically for Germany, the highest status men (with kneelers) have fur (?) hats, whilst the sons with chaperons kneel on the floor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Friedrich_Herlin_001.jpg/90px-Friedrich_Herlin_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Friedrich_Herlin_001.jpg/134px-Friedrich_Herlin_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Friedrich_Herlin_001.jpg/179px-Friedrich_Herlin_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2708" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Friedrich Herlin, 1462–5. Typically for Germany, the highest status men (with kneelers) have fur (?) hats, whilst the sons with chaperons kneel on the floor.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Presentation_in_the_Temple_A22018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Presentation at the Temple by the Master of the Prado Annunciation, or Hans Memling, 1470s. St Joseph wears a working-mans chaperon in the original style, whilst the relative at right wears a simple evolved one."><img alt="Presentation at the Temple by the Master of the Prado Annunciation, or Hans Memling, 1470s. St Joseph wears a working-mans chaperon in the original style, whilst the relative at right wears a simple evolved one." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/The_Presentation_in_the_Temple_A22018.jpg/99px-The_Presentation_in_the_Temple_A22018.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/The_Presentation_in_the_Temple_A22018.jpg/149px-The_Presentation_in_the_Temple_A22018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/The_Presentation_in_the_Temple_A22018.jpg/199px-The_Presentation_in_the_Temple_A22018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10307" data-file-height="12448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Presentation at the Temple</i> by the <i>Master of the Prado Annunciation</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Hans_Memling" title="Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a>, 1470s. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">St Joseph</a> wears a working-mans chaperon in the original style, whilst the relative at right wears a simple evolved one.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Memling_029.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="another Presentation at the Temple by Hans Memling c. 1470. St Joseph now wears an evolved but simple chaperon with a short cornette around his shoulders."><img alt="another Presentation at the Temple by Hans Memling c. 1470. St Joseph now wears an evolved but simple chaperon with a short cornette around his shoulders." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Hans_Memling_029.jpg/76px-Hans_Memling_029.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Hans_Memling_029.jpg/114px-Hans_Memling_029.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Hans_Memling_029.jpg/152px-Hans_Memling_029.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2490" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">another <i>Presentation at the Temple</i> by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Memling" title="Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a> c. 1470. St Joseph now wears an evolved but simple chaperon with a short cornette around his shoulders.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YoungManBotticelli.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of a Young Man (Botticelli, Pitti Palace), Florence c. 1469. The cornette draped round at the front is typically Italian."><img alt="Portrait of a Young Man (Botticelli, Pitti Palace), Florence c. 1469. The cornette draped round at the front is typically Italian." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/YoungManBotticelli.jpg/80px-YoungManBotticelli.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/YoungManBotticelli.jpg/120px-YoungManBotticelli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/YoungManBotticelli.jpg/160px-YoungManBotticelli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="1229" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_a_Young_Man_(Botticelli,_Pitti_Palace)" title="Portrait of a Young Man (Botticelli, Pitti Palace)">Portrait of a Young Man (Botticelli, Pitti Palace)</a>, Florence c. 1469. The cornette draped round at the front is typically Italian.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ackermann_und_Tod_cpg76_3r.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="German peasant (of c. 1470) with a hat over a hood-style chaperon."><img alt="German peasant (of c. 1470) with a hat over a hood-style chaperon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ackermann_und_Tod_cpg76_3r.jpeg/76px-Ackermann_und_Tod_cpg76_3r.jpeg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ackermann_und_Tod_cpg76_3r.jpeg/115px-Ackermann_und_Tod_cpg76_3r.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ackermann_und_Tod_cpg76_3r.jpeg/153px-Ackermann_und_Tod_cpg76_3r.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="633" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">German peasant (of c. 1470) with a hat over a hood-style chaperon.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugo_van_der_Goes_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nativity by Hugo van der Goes, 1480. The figures holding back the curtain wear chaperons with short cornettes."><img alt="Nativity by Hugo van der Goes, 1480. The figures holding back the curtain wear chaperons with short cornettes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Hugo_van_der_Goes_002.jpg/120px-Hugo_van_der_Goes_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Hugo_van_der_Goes_002.jpg/180px-Hugo_van_der_Goes_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Hugo_van_der_Goes_002.jpg/240px-Hugo_van_der_Goes_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="786" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Nativity</i> by <a href="/wiki/Hugo_van_der_Goes" title="Hugo van der Goes">Hugo van der Goes</a>, 1480. The figures holding back the curtain wear chaperons with short cornettes.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Sch%C3%A4ufelein-Marien-_und_Passionsaltar,_Geburt_Christi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nativity by Hans Schäufelein, c. 1507. By now the chaperon is back to being work clothing. St Joseph has his over his shoulder, and all the shepherds have them, with the hood pulled back."><img alt="Nativity by Hans Schäufelein, c. 1507. By now the chaperon is back to being work clothing. St Joseph has his over his shoulder, and all the shepherds have them, with the hood pulled back." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hans_Sch%C3%A4ufelein-Marien-_und_Passionsaltar%2C_Geburt_Christi.jpg/120px-Hans_Sch%C3%A4ufelein-Marien-_und_Passionsaltar%2C_Geburt_Christi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hans_Sch%C3%A4ufelein-Marien-_und_Passionsaltar%2C_Geburt_Christi.jpg/180px-Hans_Sch%C3%A4ufelein-Marien-_und_Passionsaltar%2C_Geburt_Christi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hans_Sch%C3%A4ufelein-Marien-_und_Passionsaltar%2C_Geburt_Christi.jpg/240px-Hans_Sch%C3%A4ufelein-Marien-_und_Passionsaltar%2C_Geburt_Christi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1865" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Nativity</i> by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Sch%C3%A4ufelein" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Schäufelein">Hans Schäufelein</a>, c. 1507. By now the chaperon is back to being work clothing. St Joseph has his over his shoulder, and all the shepherds have them, with the hood pulled back. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Little_Red_Riding_Hood.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Le Petit Chaperon Rouge by the French painter Fleury François Richard (1777–1852), Louvre. French depictions of the story naturally favour the chaperon over the long riding-hood of ones in English."><img alt="Le Petit Chaperon Rouge by the French painter Fleury François Richard (1777–1852), Louvre. French depictions of the story naturally favour the chaperon over the long riding-hood of ones in English." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Little_Red_Riding_Hood.jpg/120px-Little_Red_Riding_Hood.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Little_Red_Riding_Hood.jpg/180px-Little_Red_Riding_Hood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Little_Red_Riding_Hood.jpg/240px-Little_Red_Riding_Hood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1677" data-file-height="1137" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Le Petit Chaperon Rouge</i> by the French painter <a href="/wiki/Fleury_Fran%C3%A7ois_Richard" title="Fleury François Richard">Fleury François Richard</a> (1777–1852), <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>. French depictions of the story naturally favour the chaperon over the long <i>riding-hood</i> of ones in English.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110308031446/http://www.nachtanz.org/SReed/histcost.html">SD Reed, <i>From Chaperones to Chaplets:Aspects of Men's Headdress 1400–1519</i>, M.S. Thesis, 1992, University of Maryland</a> -NB Headgear Reed categorises as <i>Hoods, Chaperones, & (some) Sack Hats</i> are all covered by this article.</li> <li>J.O. Hand & M. Wolff, <i>Early Netherlandish Painting</i>, National Gallery of Art, Washington (catalogue) /Cambridge UP,1986, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-34016-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-34016-0">0-521-34016-0</a></li> <li>National Gallery Catalogues: <i>The Fifteenth Century Italian Paintings</i>, Volume 1, by <a href="/wiki/Dillian_Gordon" title="Dillian Gordon">Dillian Gordon</a>, London, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85709-293-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85709-293-7">1-85709-293-7</a></li> <li>Gabriel Bise, <i>The Hunting Book by Gaston Phoebus</i>, Heritage Books, London, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946470-54-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-946470-54-5">0-946470-54-5</a></li> <li>Edmond Pognon, Les Trés Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, Liber</li> <li>M. Vibbert, <i>Headdresses of the 14th and 15th Centuries</i>, The Compleat Anachronist, No. 133, SCA monograph series (August 2006)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LC_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LC_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LC_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LC_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LC_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lorne Campbell, <i>National Gallery Catalogues: The Fifteenth Century Netherlandish Paintings</i>, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85709-171-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85709-171-X">1-85709-171-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SR-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SR_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SR_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SR_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SR_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SR_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SR_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SR_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">SD Reed, <i>From Chaperones to Chaplets:Aspects of Men's Headdress 1400–1519</i>, M.S. Thesis, 1992, University of Maryland, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nachtanz.org/SReed/histcost.html">available online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110308031446/http://www.nachtanz.org/SReed/histcost.html">Archived</a> 2011-03-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> -NB Headgear Reed categorises as <i>Hoods, Chaperones, & (some) Sack Hats</i> are all covered by this article</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613205950/http://cleftlands.case.edu/hatskwcs1.pdf">Constructing the Headdresses of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries</a>, Paper by Marie Vibbert (Lyonnete Vibert), <i>Known World Costume Symposium Proceedings</i> (2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frick-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frick_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frick, Carole Collier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0801869390">Dressing Renaissance Florence: Families, Fortunes, and Fine Clothing.</a> Johns Hopkins University Press (2002). pp. 304–305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adams, Laurie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0813334292">Key Monuments of the Italian Renaissance.</a> Westview Press: 2000. p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Earls, Irene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0313246580">Renaissance Art: A Topical Dictionary.</a> Greenwood Press: 1987. p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carole Collier Frick, Dressing Renaissance Florence: Families, Fortunes, and Fine Clothing, p 231, 2002, Johns Hopkins University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-6939-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-6939-0">0-8018-6939-0</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0801869390">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IR-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IR_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T Kren & S McKendrick (eds), <i>Illuminating the Renaissance - The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe</i>, Getty Museum/Royal Academy of Arts, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903973-28-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-903973-28-7">1-903973-28-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101108014145/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2005/miniature/zoomify/miniature_195714614a.shtm">"Medal by [[Pisanello]]of Don Iñigo d'Avalos, d. 1484, Grand Chamberlain of Naples from 1442, Metropolitan Museum of Art"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2005/miniature/zoomify/miniature_195714614a.shtm">the original</a> on 2010-11-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medal+by+%26%2391%3B%26%2391%3BPisanello%26%2393%3B%26%2393%3Bof+Don+I%C3%B1igo+d%27Avalos%2C+d.+1484%2C+Grand+Chamberlain+of+Naples+from+1442%2C+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.gov%2Fexhibitions%2F2005%2Fminiature%2Fzoomify%2Fminiature_195714614a.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaperon+%28headgear%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:British_Library,_Stowe_594">the images on Wikimedia Commons</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M-N Bouillet, A Chassang, <i>Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie contenant l'histoire proprement dite, la biographie universelle, la mythologie, la géographie ancienne et moderne</i>, Hachette, Paris, 1878</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Many references throughout the proceedings (often translated as "hat" in English versions). See Articles 12–17 of the Charges etc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.stjoan-center.com/Trials/">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716144208/http://www.stjoan-center.com/Trials/">Archived</a> 2011-07-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Elle s'arrête en face de Charles VII, ote son chaperon, met un genou en terre et incline la tète. Dieu vous donne bonne vie, gentil dauphin!" <i>La mission et le martyre de Jeanne d'Arc,</i> 1913, p. 23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://lerozier.free.fr/galerie/thumbs/37-wise5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://lerozier.free.fr/galerie/index.php%3Flevel%3Dcollection%26id%3D2&h=120&w=120&sz=4&hl=en&start=231&tbnid=oQjHh4OTyG4ucM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMartin%2BSchongauer%26start%3D220%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLG,GGLG:2006-32,GGLG:en%26sa%3DN%7CFurther">references from Chronicles (in French)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hornqvist, Mikael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idehist.uu.se/distans/ilmh/Ren/civ-republican-dress.htm">"Civic Humanism: Republican Dress."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070224073624/http://www.idehist.uu.se/distans/ilmh/Ren/civ-republican-dress.htm">Archived</a> February 24, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Snook, Edith. <i>A Cultural History of Hair in the Renaissance</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781350122819" title="Special:BookSources/9781350122819">9781350122819</a>. p. 57. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emmer-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-emmer_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-emmer_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmer, Michele. "Art and Mathematics: The Platonic Solids." Leonardo 15(4): 277-282 (Autumn, 1982).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930190542/http://www.louvre.fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225156&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225156&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500816&bmUID=1175006219464&bmLocale=en">"The Battle of San Romano"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.louvre.fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225156&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225156&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500816&bmUID=1175006219464&bmLocale=en">the original</a> on 2007-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+San+Romano&rft.pub=Louvre+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.louvre.fr%2Fllv%2Foeuvres%2Fdetail_notice.jsp%3FCONTENT%253C%253Ecnt_id%3D10134198673225156%26CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%253C%253Ecnt_id%3D10134198673225156%26FOLDER%253C%253Efolder_id%3D9852723696500816%26bmUID%3D1175006219464%26bmLocale%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaperon+%28headgear%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1728 <a href="/wiki/Cyclopaedia,_or_an_Universal_Dictionary_of_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences">Cyclopaedia</a>, a publication in the public domain.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSysonDillian_Gordon2001" class="citation book cs1">Syson, L.; Dillian Gordon (2001). <i>Pisanello, Painter to the Renaissance Court</i>. London: National Gallery Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85709-946-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85709-946-X"><bdi>1-85709-946-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pisanello%2C+Painter+to+the+Renaissance+Court&rft.place=London&rft.pub=National+Gallery+Company&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-85709-946-X&rft.aulast=Syson&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Dillian+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaperon+%28headgear%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chaperon_(headgear)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chaperon (headgear)">Chaperon (headgear)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070115044907/http://www.costumes.org/history/100pages/chaperons.htm">History of the chaperon, with simple diagrams</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lerozier.free.fr/chaperon.htm#haut">Chaperon section of 1929 book by Adrien Harmond - in French, with many pictures and reconstructed cutting patterns</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120107004956/http://corsair.morganlibrary.org/ICAIntro/ICAintroshortdesc.htm">CORSAIR database from the Morgan Library - search for <i>chaperon</i> gives 25 results from 2 French manuscripts, 1420–35</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classes.bnf.fr/phebus/pistes/index6.htm"><i>Le Livre de Chasse</i> of Gaston Phoebus, c 1400, from Ms Fr 616 from the Biblitheque Nationale, Paris. Feature with many illustrations, texts in French.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101108014145/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2005/miniature/zoomify/miniature_195714614a.shtm">Another stylish chaperon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pisanello" title="Pisanello">Pisanello</a>, from a medal in the NGA, Washington</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206101523/http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/itasculp/itasculp-12194.0.html">The NGA bust of Lorenzo de' Medici, after restoration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nachtanz.org/SReed/headrevlit.html"><i>15th and early 16th Century Headress: A Literature Review</i> -updated (1997) section from SD Reed thesis above</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtue.to/articles/arnolfini.html">Some related headresses of the 15th Century: theories on construction by Cynthia du Pré Argent</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&oldid=1251113635">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaperon_(headgear)&oldid=1251113635</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hats" title="Category:Hats">Hats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_clothing" title="Category:Dutch clothing">Dutch clothing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)" title="Category:History of clothing (Western fashion)">History of clothing (Western fashion)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hoods_(headgear)" title="Category:Hoods (headgear)">Hoods (headgear)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Death_customs" title="Category:Death customs">Death customs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Horse_tack" title="Category:Horse tack">Horse tack</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_European_costume" title="Category:Medieval European costume">Medieval European costume</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 October 2024, at 13:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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