CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135dc44bf909c39',cH: 'RYLxssOW12y_e5P_0W5DL1AxrEJxlhraqbMKo3VeAHY-1739796178-1.2.1.1-Y5zB.dGCsPebKLv.a9TtU7vOCe0IE7Ku6cNxoGkRBh2xPXV3EMUrP8oEvxWl1uLY',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=building%20lifecycle&__cf_chl_tk=8qgmJ56wyjZ42cQHWJF3GDs243jTv1EkGYod8tn4aq8-1739796178-1.0.1.1-WmH23YplZurhT.CvqgVwtZf9BrMbrjwJtlpEOFl.6HU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739796178',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=building%20lifecycle&__cf_chl_f_tk=8qgmJ56wyjZ42cQHWJF3GDs243jTv1EkGYod8tn4aq8-1739796178-1.0.1.1-WmH23YplZurhT.CvqgVwtZf9BrMbrjwJtlpEOFl.6HU",md: "ZKekhZq6ReMraqXWtUOarLkVdugVr6EpngTDcKZCa6Y-1739796178-1.2.1.1-Ixkfv_lkEeeTGDMWoFl_4kQG6F9N66tktbMaAEwBFxPba5uerTz.XYhsFEGa_FntCYynGOlTo0_6eF6Ym4ll02rT_uK3P9LTfhJZ.m128m6BRFojqZaowX4NO2r4.3qHjtw74QbA84JXxR0PadbS9N4lpIIney0..6tplWdhNtEcgfS8nFvh1QgZUftibe5QaYY8SnLwOPltcMT.2TqPSVyd16iPJgH6HReAKOGAuYJavNKrPWjq4Io.lxVpuEoRZ848xBUJw00kStJJUNJth7i0UyprxpIvf_8CtHyc04xZfe2pa2U7FHZ5ygEOW9SiOgMW40Ln8ezGOdR.yLOsEZAVqthIQEUUpYLrbUxUp7A4rDoDDyn90cdvK41ZbMqe_TxdxCAV.QeezANZukAPqzPmBIU9BzLZdEmk.VwJ6oDiFgh1Qfy2XfuLqfetdosK7KpCZtMBWN4AcV.I6VOXEHjQm02LhhjH1Vh2wG.5azmQq_uo9B1tAhzsUOpAlVS35HFr4IVaUA7pOG4Kg.0.ZjGwY8IGv84oBncw0yqCYIukzODlukyAG9nt2CtZsHdmLQNrpN1tWSKGCC_57QMQcbVsu48HhcEmavCBl3V6fZQuYuG6niAFssQ9LfRMlowzofTjfMU3NHEOH0O1oTzfUvIGrNxQmifp1DDEa1j8k6YBxmIS2xFCUGVGBYN4d_MhtBvxahymx3_.OqLVpXPxSHLbdBAAgwsFO_ZEr7iAuSitjCtRz2wcAJTpmp1gIHDDK2CfCrNkcBUyY1MzfBLZ._koZ4XbVCrCX.GKyyH5w7Rk_UMjbHzO_1aRdZSdWnWndzOAOnHTswd6rp5_37AShyK1O0gx7NbI3o0hsQa8j1BaWpAUiH6TfRdFvaQz1wLWEH9X0v3sHMgh8CcffAIEQTu8umy9Ot60r.hhM2zovxtiyVJl6T4cPVUqoXJQbkyzJfyjHGi2_6g.tzhyqehAX.TawdeAyoEXB8Ozn1LcbVbZDYW9r.5QOqDjnBerYQTC01k9A76WVZj.iBa8LC6pit6mhIMS6yt_d8KuvCjLN3tVwrRMMb2OFytnI8HfkDaWePX4CYam9JIjcoWs6o1MnsYEjEthOK8AZVLQcWul_IJsFKs4CC.pE9o_DjLvxd7qL1psXuIiuOw5egKQ1qoiFNxJx5VV5Fjx.jnl4WeIHIXBUH1RLUCGY2T9EhfBq0fhNnOQfsrkyRWeY8Y5oC0jC4Jz7j9kf6zkwXy69CkhN.4dcFyNKq2z9_bTf.ezMrlTMB9mVPXxZkhJZ9LWsCuDnKla60G8Eo7dy_JproN04PR3Pw6vtJz1qMD800AXk3qREKjYgEHErmxtcoKdF9Quyh0xn5xotixKXWF2ukRQW2oNzUXFbG_4HDbQNIca9YZef.gIGuhUmt_Mkl14rdV0V0lh52eOCBWLRlvxurH1om4FZhqzMtPjQi.J427efT1as49Vez62pieGXTWLhjVrwM829.JZ.CzhoYyYyXeXNn1ACMK1AR6M0ho1CxdMiNRfjPueORZY6Ixk.J5_A54SZAH3L9PbsvC5Io5178YsD110Hqs0.BMrLxvusto2ySTiYytw4RB1L13lUIa5xz2A3ZFI2SktasT9fvjMCKSzJyu.D4FT2O7M.SdXp1XbUa2xJf4.0ACeUdLp3pGhrbeUZsYAnygy8NqOdvlPRh82Ro1lQ.Cgw2ZQeeewBSMaXNH3DUn2y94jn5eJkZ1FvAKKdVrLigx3OTkzIvAjma4VfgtlheA6NYz.hnHEc4_gBIh0KXjMHL68CsL2w8XxJDMZNTEMWACZAprQlXZ0l070atMOEqMQzTXxwPU6kYwlfHalCJcctkYgCjDTFDj9raK87nQM8RK_QkJ_JLRgtkpXyvLbdlkW.LMWWNanR8Ff52AqFxO83pBSn5y1o5q3mB2WcjS8CMhq0DZWFJQY9QFPZ08",mdrd: "0izkRNQU5ZqVZ3KLgtE2k5kAm9KkG7.S0c31903uEXk-1739796178-1.2.1.1-aO6fhDurUhFlUKnPTxvgVtqgKGGP98eZV9_mqYeqoaeZxh1VoVNaloRBzo.DsQXC0JIIqvSUPdvGY62dxSiAegtrALFl0gz4d2pr2Fv6V8c.fkKyILdi.q01le9u8776bqoOihJDfMKKLAXNYXwIOMJuh7PzYMlPbV_VdxCq_.nizaaTDhYjJrdxs9F6VQfcVJ8m6Du6nhyj0SYfDH5zrOUImYu22gKoivkNAnhrz6hUAWQMuDLf_HiF0s_1XhPrNpdXfohi6AJ4nRT3AKzazRl2auyR2piFZ.naJMYLlI_mJaud_I5_pDEaG31uhorYUn5WragUZHOenOGMuitqAwWvuW4u4O4gbUTamjMW62Mmr8JWGi5lGBfgJWh8CqO6NUGYipFvI3JFivsWUqZn95qxar0woFMnLbW3bGQVF7Bwy6jp6xYOjVVMztritE7t3jxL3JmmS94J5co1eNYEhdr5tOVnmo3D6J3ZGFIhLnKE4.GzCaJPHI2V5Fu5EVYiuAEmfu5dq5jrZHoMLGmEPsBMoSLpnqcVvDDGoogx39ajG9HwQegJouoaKDcoR_dAhylCN1rPHk_fDHSsC45tFrvvFhjTDf5TKvHVc9KrzrY_qu38wcomInKGCyjgUC6ZbfiEdvduOt82FTukxh0pej71T97lBhzTlF012.F6Z_c9HkvQc6qSS4QeF9gpTvdQLmm0W2nE5r2qEyIVzK_zF7ZZlhMtN0srH24ap2lM5cEP7a51IRugBK54tyFaW_fU.Flgaj3IvJRo7oPxC0z.if5GxsBdd6ZbYA6krOTeeLj6jX3gxUgIPoQTlK29KhDxQtgjazSY9k7_Bj0QIV0EOODYYZ0iG_yp4.SMEnMRTqs7zlsIt0eMe6pcePhOOVG7UGSibie81mDDRnUxts.hiWq6cfocgllJscVofD_5qzTAWIgHuL50QOWZuUUIf91FOn01i0ejapkJqETdzIYoq2uPeRPd.sLIYHRLsNBHQ1EmK9C6n5Arm0s5tIFSTcmynnMpqYzgY5kp2EcRJhi0q1PhGlgDvmnrYMOXTYWZ1XriWTZzB6XhuDfUPQZtSrPSRXTng.9RvlEBTxKjmZQY1zSeZxNP_MgjDiZzYi9pC4lmbqq.8YKaKtm4g8S.kVNb1Wd9iQSrX0aM5HjEGdo4U7O03EZ7g5UzcSC6P3T9tmf7VyhV57MhSh5PrY9DswxZrFowYfXQNUt3o7x6GVAilY0if5tgTRqLQlp7kIfEtJ_vLoIuKyv9T7pWFJjA0.uP4okldI84YOOaFmQkfWiWLYGHk0atrbqB6fSx..WBUIDEq1LCSguhFMjHL6Y2hZx4dOLqKQJoKkIqb6nueke6BRMdoqo95tAOIs9.7_C4chG7wVbylNwb.TAT.bi.UZcz2oqs8jPA7wF.gVU2CKoapy2wY6_pTvjFHWROZUDRPYfoLjzjvhRaQ7NtHGwortZdIB6.p4sIkKukTwZBbVcBuqSSsr1I9bq3bpjyz_lEBVm5IWC6X5gonAsn1Gtoze0YQK4CdlZI0jgIT_ub75aIPHinJKkaI2YJ8Nw8PgXUxkFkNTcMPgohmg7j8GhFAhLhIlHrntZhm0JYJuFEAhBgBDT7dqnEWCJ2PW_wcJCAY4jrrYCHVsD8XqeAbZkGBSZmc358NwVhKN7ZFUCwgCzrvKgghRd13eC_473B42upfH2dbn9fuGXV_ldoTIVKJR66CQMHJQL26vxcdPUWlDse849i7.1_x34il.qFC00F.XooPJV2QsuuUXyTeO7kWkCpT8cy3l43SPY70ryj.1a9TuC23kL7VTDmzVGERZguQ7YeXY0pJhm.jDiuJVNV2BwgYaKQGZs30Rx4eW9EaRNxcrMPjcmwEN.XO.NHr51kmg8UseL_LaanVFZWNCwwHmbD2zvwSiEgnjWWtsGok7ORqQLrIbK2aLHPID.vdkMGQHeZrCTRcn9Coz.TAOea_OgX"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135dc44bf909c39';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=building%20lifecycle&__cf_chl_rt_tk=8qgmJ56wyjZ42cQHWJF3GDs243jTv1EkGYod8tn4aq8-1739796178-1.0.1.1-WmH23YplZurhT.CvqgVwtZf9BrMbrjwJtlpEOFl.6HU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>