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><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-名稱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名稱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>名稱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名稱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治上的東歐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治上的東歐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>政治上的東歐</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政治上的東歐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理上的東歐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理上的東歐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>地理上的東歐</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理上的東歐-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地理上的東歐子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地理上的東歐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-地形" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地形"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>地形</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地形-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氣候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氣候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>氣候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氣候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-民族" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#民族"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>民族</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-民族-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>經濟</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經濟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文明分区" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文明分区"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>文明分区</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文明分区-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-關聯條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#關聯條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>關聯條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-關聯條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>注釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">东欧</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。135种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">135种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%ABrupa_Timu" title="Iërupa Timu – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Iërupa Timu" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oos-Europa" title="Oos-Europa – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oos-Europa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteuropa" title="Osteuropa – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Osteuropa" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9D%E1%88%A5%E1%88%AB%E1%89%83%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%AE%E1%8D%93" title="ምሥራቃዊ አውሮፓ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ምሥራቃዊ አውሮፓ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_de_l%27Este" title="Europa de l'Este – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Europa de l'Este" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أوروبا الشرقية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوروبا الشرقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اوروبا الشرقيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوروبا الشرقيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Oriental" title="Europa Oriental – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Europa Oriental" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Бакъбаккул Европа – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Бакъбаккул Европа" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronefa_Europa" title="Ronefa Europa – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ronefa Europa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="पूरुबी यूरोप – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पूरुबी यूरोप" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99rqi_Avropa" title="Şərqi Avropa – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şərqi Avropa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="دوغو اوروپا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دوغو اوروپا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Көнсығыш Европа – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Көнсығыш Европа" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Усходняя Еўропа – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Усходняя Еўропа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Усходняя Эўропа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Усходняя Эўропа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Източна Европа – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Източна Европа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA" title="পূর্ব ইউরোপ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পূর্ব ইউরোপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_ar_Reter" title="Europa ar Reter – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Europa ar Reter" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dna_Evropa" title="Istočna Evropa – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Istočna Evropa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_de_l%27Est" title="Europa de l'Est – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Europa de l'Est" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%95%CC%A4ng-%C4%95u" title="Dĕ̤ng-ĕu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dĕ̤ng-ĕu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ئەورووپای ڕۆژھەڵات – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەورووپای ڕۆژھەڵات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDchodn%C3%AD_Evropa" title="Východní Evropa – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Východní Evropa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D1%B5%D1%80%D1%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Въсточьна Єѵрѡпа – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Въсточьна Єѵрѡпа" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%85%C4%83%C3%A7_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Тухăç Европа – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тухăç Европа" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwyrain_Ewrop" title="Dwyrain Ewrop – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dwyrain Ewrop" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98steuropa" title="Østeuropa – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Østeuropa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteuropa" title="Osteuropa – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Osteuropa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewropay_Rocvet%C4%B1%C5%9Fi" title="Ewropay Rocvetışi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ewropay Rocvetışi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B7" title="Ανατολική Ευρώπη – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανατολική Ευρώπη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Eastern Europe" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orienta_E%C5%ADropo" title="Orienta Eŭropo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Orienta Eŭropo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Oriental" title="Europa Oriental – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Europa Oriental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida-Euroopa" title="Ida-Euroopa – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ida-Euroopa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekialdeko_Europa" title="Ekialdeko Europa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekialdeko Europa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C" title="اروپای شرقی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اروپای شرقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A4-Eurooppa" title="Itä-Eurooppa – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Itä-Eurooppa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eysturevropa" title="Eysturevropa – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Eysturevropa" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_de_l%27Est" title="Europe de l'Est – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Europe de l'Est" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa_du_Levant" title="Eropa du Levant – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Eropa du Levant" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uasteuroopa" title="Uasteuroopa – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Uasteuroopa" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/East-Jeropa" title="East-Jeropa – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="East-Jeropa" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oirthear_na_hEorpa" title="Oirthear na hEorpa – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oirthear na hEorpa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnduusu_Evr%D0%BEpa" title="Günduusu Evrоpa – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Günduusu Evrоpa" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Oriental" title="Europa Oriental – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Europa Oriental" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabashin_Turai" title="Gabashin Turai – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gabashin Turai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BBng-%C3%8Au" title="Tûng-Êu – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tûng-Êu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="מזרח אירופה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מזרח אירופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="पूर्वी यूरोप – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पूर्वी यूरोप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dna_Europa" title="Istočna Europa – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Istočna Europa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuchodna_Europa" title="Wuchodna Europa – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wuchodna Europa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ew%C3%B2p_L%C3%A8s" title="Ewòp Lès – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ewòp Lès" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelet-Eur%C3%B3pa" title="Kelet-Európa – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kelet-Európa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1" title="Արևելյան Եվրոպա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևելյան Եվրոպա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa_Timur" title="Eropa Timur – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eropa Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owuwa_Anyanwu_Obodo_Beke" title="Owuwa Anyanwu Obodo Beke – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Owuwa Anyanwu Obodo Beke" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akindaya_nga_Europa" title="Akindaya nga Europa – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Akindaya nga Europa" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Малхбоалера Европа – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Малхбоалера Европа" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estal_Europa" title="Estal Europa – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Estal Europa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austur-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Austur-Evrópa – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Austur-Evrópa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_orientale" title="Europa orientale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Europa orientale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91" title="東ヨーロッパ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="東ヨーロッパ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ropa_W%C3%A9tan" title="Éropa Wétan – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Éropa Wétan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="აღმოსავლეთი ევროპა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აღმოსავლეთი ევროპა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C4%B1%C7%B5%C4%B1s_Evropa" title="Shıǵıs Evropa – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Shıǵıs Evropa" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuft_Usamar" title="Turuft Usamar – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Turuft Usamar" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1tyin_Yurop" title="A̱tyin Yurop – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱tyin Yurop" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Шығыс Еуропа – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шығыс Еуропа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೂರ್ವ ಯುರೋಪ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೂರ್ವ ಯುರೋಪ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD" title="동유럽 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동유럽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewropaya_Rojhilat" title="Ewropaya Rojhilat – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ewropaya Rojhilat" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Orientalis" title="Europa Orientalis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Europa Orientalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropa_Orientala" title="Evropa Orientala – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Evropa Orientala" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_este" title="Europa este – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Europa este" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oas-Europa" title="Oas-Europa – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oas-Europa" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryt%C5%B3_Europa" title="Rytų Europa – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rytų Europa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrumeiropa" title="Austrumeiropa – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Austrumeiropa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa_Wetan" title="Eropa Wetan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Eropa Wetan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eor%C3%B4pa_Atsinanana" title="Eorôpa Atsinanana – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Eorôpa Atsinanana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Источна Европа – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Источна Европа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="കിഴക്കൻ യൂറോപ്പ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിഴക്കൻ യൂറോപ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Зүүн Европ – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зүүн Европ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="पूर्व युरोप – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पूर्व युरोप" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropah_Timur" title="Eropah Timur – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Eropah Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewropa_tal-Lvant" title="Ewropa tal-Lvant – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ewropa tal-Lvant" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oost-Europa" title="Oost-Europa – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Oost-Europa" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oost-Europa" title="Oost-Europa – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oost-Europa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aust-Europa" title="Aust-Europa – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aust-Europa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98st-Europa" title="Øst-Europa – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Øst-Europa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Brope_d%C3%A9_l%27%C3%8Ast" title="Ûrope dé l'Êst – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ûrope dé l'Êst" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_Orientala" title="Euròpa Orientala – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Euròpa Orientala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%81%C3%A6%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%C3%A6" title="Скæсæн Европæ – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Скæсæн Европæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA" title="ਪੂਰਬੀ ਯੂਰਪ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੂਰਬੀ ਯੂਰਪ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Wschodnia" title="Europa Wschodnia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Europa Wschodnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AF%D8%A7_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE" title="چڑھدا یورپ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چڑھدا یورپ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%DA%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="ختيځه اروپا – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ختيځه اروپا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leste_Europeu" title="Leste Europeu – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leste Europeu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_de_Est" title="Europa de Est – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Europa de Est" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Восточная Европа – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Восточная Европа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Выходна Европа – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Выходна Европа" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_orientale" title="Europa orientale – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Europa orientale" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastren_Europe" title="Eastren Europe – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Eastren Europe" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%80%D8%B1_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE" title="اوڀر يورپ – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اوڀر يورپ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dna_Evropa" title="Istočna Evropa – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Istočna Evropa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Eastern Europe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDchodn%C3%A1_Eur%C3%B3pa" title="Východná Európa – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Východná Európa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE" title="مشرقی یورپ – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="مشرقی یورپ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vzhodna_Evropa" title="Vzhodna Evropa – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vzhodna Evropa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropa_Lindore" title="Evropa Lindore – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Evropa Lindore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Источна Европа – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Источна Европа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ropa_W%C3%A9tan" title="Éropa Wétan – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Éropa Wétan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96steuropa" title="Östeuropa – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Östeuropa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulaya_ya_Mashariki" title="Ulaya ya Mashariki – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ulaya ya Mashariki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE" title="கிழக்கு ஐரோப்பா – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிழக்கு ஐரோப்பா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%9B%D3%A3" title="Аврупои Шарқӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аврупои Шарқӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="ยุโรปตะวันออก – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุโรปตะวันออก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCndogar_%C3%9Dewropa" title="Gündogar Ýewropa – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gündogar Ýewropa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silangang_Europa" title="Silangang Europa – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Silangang Europa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Avrupa" title="Doğu Avrupa – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doğu Avrupa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Көнчыгыш Аурупа – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Көнчыгыш Аурупа" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Східна Європа – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Східна Європа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE" title="مشرقی یورپ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشرقی یورپ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharqiy_Yevropa" title="Sharqiy Yevropa – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sharqiy Yevropa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_%C3%82u" title="Đông Âu – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đông Âu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94ost-Europa" title="Ôost-Europa – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ôost-Europa" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinirangan_nga_Europa" title="Sinirangan nga Europa – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sinirangan nga Europa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penku_Tugal" title="Penku Tugal – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Penku Tugal" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="东欧" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="ბჟაეიოლი ევროპა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბჟაეიოლი ევროპა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2" title="מזרח-אייראפע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מזרח-אייראפע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%A1%C3%ACl%C3%A0o%C3%B2r%C3%B9n_Europe" title="Apáìlàoòrùn Europe – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Apáìlàoòrùn Europe" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C3%B4st-Europa" title="Oôst-Europa – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Oôst-Europa" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Au-chiu" title="Tang Au-chiu – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tang Au-chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90" title="東歐 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="東歐" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27468#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&oldid=84606356" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&id=84606356&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25B8%259C%25E6%25AC%25A7"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25B8%259C%25E6%25AC%25A7"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eastern_Europe" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27468" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-28a86f99" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2021年4月25日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7%22">"东欧"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><span class="fn org">東歐</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="世界">世界</a>分區</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Europe_from_space.png" class="mw-file-description" title="東歐地圖"><img alt="東歐地圖" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Eastern_Europe_from_space.png/250px-Eastern_Europe_from_space.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Eastern_Europe_from_space.png/375px-Eastern_Europe_from_space.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Eastern_Europe_from_space.png/500px-Eastern_Europe_from_space.png 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="970" /></a></span><div>東歐地圖</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">坐标：<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&params=49_N_31_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">49°N</span> <span class="longitude">31°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">49°N 31°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49; 31</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="时区">时区</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲中部时间">CET</a>（<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a>）</li><li>EET（<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a>）</li><li>FEET（<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a>）</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="夏时制">夏时制</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CEST（<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a>）</li><li>EEST（<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a>）</li></ul></div>（<a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>）</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%88zh_cn%EF%BC%89.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%88zh_cn%EF%BC%89.svg/300px-%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%88zh_cn%EF%BC%89.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%88zh_cn%EF%BC%89.svg/450px-%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%88zh_cn%EF%BC%89.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%88zh_cn%EF%BC%89.svg/600px-%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%88zh_cn%EF%BC%89.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>歐洲全圖，東歐地區為淡橙色</figcaption></figure> <div id="noteTA-28a86f99" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:独立国家联合体;zh-hk:獨立國家聯合體;zh-tw:獨立國家國協;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:独联体;zh-hk:獨聯體;zh-tw:國協;"></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grossgliederung_Europas-zh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Grossgliederung_Europas-zh.svg/300px-Grossgliederung_Europas-zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Grossgliederung_Europas-zh.svg/450px-Grossgliederung_Europas-zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Grossgliederung_Europas-zh.svg/600px-Grossgliederung_Europas-zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CEE3AD; color:black;"> </span> <b>北歐</b></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFF7A5; color:black;"> </span> <b>東歐</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C5DAEE; color:black;"> </span> <b>中欧</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DEC4DE; color:black;"> </span> <b>西歐</b></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFC5B9; color:black;"> </span> <b>南歐</b></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFDFA7; color:black;"> </span> <b>東南歐</b></div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_East_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Map_East_Europe.svg/220px-Map_East_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Map_East_Europe.svg/330px-Map_East_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Map_East_Europe.svg/440px-Map_East_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>東歐<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="地圖">地圖</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>東歐</b>是一個政治以及地理概念，其含義有非常多重，中文原始含義即“歐洲東部的國家”，和其它歐洲分區不同，其政治含義遠大於地理含義，其中無論如何被分類，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="白羅斯">白羅斯</a>三國都會被規納入東歐的範疇之內；在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="冷戰">冷戰</a>時代，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>的所有歐洲地區的構成國以及所有<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="華約">華約</a>國家都可以被算在東歐的範圍之內。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名稱"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E7.A8.B1"></span>名稱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：名稱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>东欧在各個語言中的表達： </p> <ul><li><span lang="ru" title="俄語文本">Восточная Европа</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="俄語">俄語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="uk" title="烏克蘭語文本">Східна Європа</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭語">烏克蘭語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="be" title="白俄羅斯語文本">Усходняя Еўропа</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯語">白俄羅斯語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="pl" title="波蘭語文本">Europa Wschodnia</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭語">波蘭語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="de" title="德語文本">Osteuropa</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="cs" title="捷克語文本">Východní Evropa</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克語">捷克語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="sk" title="斯洛伐克語文本">Východná Európa</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛伐克語">斯洛伐克語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="hu" title="匈牙利語文本">Kelet-Európa</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利語">匈牙利語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="sl" title="斯洛維尼亞語文本">Vzhodna Evropa</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛維尼亞語">斯洛維尼亞語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="hr" title="克羅埃西亞語文本">Istočna Europa</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克羅埃西亞語">克羅埃西亞語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="bs" title="波斯尼亞語文本">Istočna Evropa</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯尼亞語">波斯尼亞語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="cnr" title="蒙特內哥羅語文本">Istočna Evropa</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E8%AA%9E" title="蒙特內哥羅語">蒙特內哥羅語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="sr" title="塞爾維亞語文本">Источна Европа</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="塞爾維亞語">塞爾維亞語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="bg" title="保加利亞語文本">Източна Европа</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞語">保加利亞語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="ro" title="羅馬尼亞語文本">Europa de Est</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞語">羅馬尼亞語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="sq" title="阿爾巴尼亞語文本">Evropa lindore</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾巴尼亞語">阿爾巴尼亞語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="mk" title="馬其頓語文本">Источна Европа</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬其頓語">馬其頓語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="lt" title="立陶宛語文本">Rytų Europa</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛語">立陶宛語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="lv" title="拉脫維亞語文本">Austrumeiropa</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉脫維亞語">拉脫維亞語</a>）</span></li> <li><span lang="et" title="愛沙尼亞語文本">Ida-Euroopa</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="愛沙尼亞語">愛沙尼亞語</a>）</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治上的東歐"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E4.B8.8A.E7.9A.84.E6.9D.B1.E6.AD.90"></span>政治上的東歐</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：政治上的東歐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>政治上的東歐共有三種分法： </p> <ol><li>最狹義的：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BF%84" class="mw-redirect" title="歐俄">俄羅斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="白羅斯">白羅斯</a>三國，在歷史上長期屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="基輔羅斯">基輔羅斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="沙皇俄國">沙皇俄國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯帝國">俄羅斯帝國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>，並且為其最核心的部分，在基輔羅斯和蘇聯時期的烏克蘭，其重要性甚至超過了俄羅斯本身。</li> <li>中範圍的：蘇聯的<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%9B%9F%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯加盟共和國">加盟共和國</a>，除了俄、烏、白以外，再加入東北歐的波羅的海三國（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="愛沙尼亞">愛沙尼亞</a>）和東南歐的<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="摩爾多瓦">摩爾多瓦</a>，共7國。</li> <li>最廣義的：除了<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%9B%9F%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯加盟共和國">前蘇聯加盟共和國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%B7" title="東德">前東德地區</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>外，所有在歐洲的前<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="共產國家">共產國家</a>都被囊括在內，例如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="中东欧">中東歐</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a>，和東南歐的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞">保加利亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾巴尼亞">阿爾巴尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="南斯拉夫">南斯拉夫</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="塞爾維亞">塞爾維亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克羅埃西亞">克羅埃西亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛維尼亞">斯洛維尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%88%87%E8%B5%AB%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納">波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a>）這14國，此算法下東歐則足足有21個國家。</li></ol> <p>這些國家或加入<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>、或成為蘇聯的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%9B%BD" title="卫星国">卫星國</a>，政治上於20世紀曾由<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="共产党">共产党</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%A8%E5%B0%88%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="一黨專政">一黨專政</a>，經濟上多採用<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="計劃經濟">計划經濟</a>體制的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義國家">社會主義國家</a>，这点与<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西欧</a>相反；目前大多东欧国家都有自己的主要宗教且信仰心深厚，但在共產黨時代由官方推行<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a>。本條目再把東歐分為兩區即“前蘇聯構成國”和“舊東方集團”<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="16%">主權國家 </th> <th width="44%">管轄範圍 </th> <th width="11%">法定貨幣 </th> <th width="11%">行政區劃 </th> <th width="8%">代表旗幟 </th> <th width="8%">代表徽章 </th> <th width="10%">疆域地圖 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7" align="center">前蘇聯構成国 </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯聯邦</a></td> <td>主要包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">歐洲俄羅斯</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西伯利亞">西伯利亞</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9C%E4%B8%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="远东地区">遠東地區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="南千島群島">南千島群島</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E9%A1%B5%E5%B2%9B" title="库页岛">庫頁島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="加里寧格勒">加里寧格勒</a>等</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%9B%A7%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯盧布">俄羅斯盧布</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="俄罗斯行政区划">俄羅斯行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="517" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe-Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe-Russia.svg/100px-Europe-Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe-Russia.svg/150px-Europe-Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Europe-Russia.svg/200px-Europe-Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄羅斯共和國</a></td> <td>其國土面積有207,600平方公里，比<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%AA%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="堪薩斯州">堪薩斯州</a>要略小一些。白俄羅斯在北部和西北部與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>接壤，北部和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a>接壤，西北部和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a>接壤，西部和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>接壤，南部和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>接壤。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%9B%A7%E5%B8%83" title="白俄羅斯盧布">白俄羅斯盧布</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="白俄罗斯行政区划">白俄羅斯行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/100px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/150px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/200px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_(2020%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe-Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Europe-Belarus.svg/100px-Europe-Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Europe-Belarus.svg/150px-Europe-Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Europe-Belarus.svg/200px-Europe-Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">烏克蘭</a></td> <td>位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>東部﹐是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>面積第二大的國家，國土面積603,700平方公里。北面與<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯">白俄羅斯</a>毗鄰﹐西與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>﹑<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a>相連﹐南靠<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="摩爾多瓦">摩爾多瓦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>﹐東與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>銜接。境內多為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="平原">平原</a>﹐<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="山地">山地</a>主要集中在西部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E9%98%A1%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="喀爾巴阡山">喀爾巴阡山</a>。亞速海附近也有高地。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E8%81%B6%E4%BC%AF%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="第聶伯河">第聶伯河</a>由北至南流入<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>﹐橫穿<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>中部。烏克蘭境內有七大河流，大多數水系都流往<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%80%9F%E6%B5%B7" title="亞速海">亞速海</a>。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E7%BA%B3" title="乌克兰格里夫纳">烏克蘭格里夫納</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="乌克兰行政区划">烏克蘭行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/100px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/150px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/200px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/100px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/150px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/200px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe-Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Europe-Ukraine.svg/100px-Europe-Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Europe-Ukraine.svg/150px-Europe-Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Europe-Ukraine.svg/200px-Europe-Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/22px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/33px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/44px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩爾多瓦共和國</a></td> <td>位於歐洲東南部，在西部和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>接壤，在東部和南部和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>接壤。摩爾多瓦領土的大部份地區位於兩條河流之間——<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3" title="普魯特河">普魯特河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3" title="德涅斯特河">德涅斯特河</a>。摩爾多瓦的北部地區地勢較高，大多數地區都是丘陵。摩爾多瓦的國土面積是33,843平方公里。摩爾多瓦大多數地區的土壤都是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%9C%9F" title="黑土">黑土</a>，許多都被開墾進行農業。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="世界自然基金會">WWF</a>將摩爾多瓦分為三個自然區。值得注意的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="德涅斯特河沿岸">德涅斯特河沿岸</a>長期不承認其屬於摩爾多瓦共和國的領土，故屬於特殊地區。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6%E5%88%97%E4%BC%8A" title="摩爾多瓦列伊">摩爾多瓦列伊</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="摩尔多瓦行政区划">摩爾多瓦行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Moldova.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/100px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/150px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/200px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe-Moldova.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Europe-Moldova.svg/100px-Europe-Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Europe-Moldova.svg/150px-Europe-Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Europe-Moldova.svg/200px-Europe-Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7" align="center">舊东方集团成员国 </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亞共和國</a></td> <td>保加利亞是一個位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>東南部<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="巴爾幹半島">巴爾幹半島</a>上的國家，毗鄰<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="塞爾維亞">塞爾維亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="馬其頓共和國">馬其頓共和國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘">希臘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>構成保加利亞同羅馬尼亞之間的邊界（直到<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89" title="錫利斯特拉">錫利斯特拉</a>為止）。保加利亞國土面積110,550平方公里，略大於<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="冰島">冰島</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E7%B4%8D%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="田納西州">田納西州</a>。保加利亞位於黑海西海岸。北與羅馬尼亞，西同塞爾維亞和馬其頓，南與希臘和土耳其接壤。雖然保加利亞的國土面積不大，但地形卻十分多樣。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%88%97%E5%BC%97" title="保加利亞列弗">保加利亞列弗</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="保加利亚行政区划">保加利亞行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/100px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/150px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/200px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="679" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/100px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/150px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/200px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></td> <td>羅馬尼亞土地面積238,391平方公里，是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="东南欧">東南歐</a>面積最大的國家，並在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>排名第十二<sup id="cite_ref-statistical_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistical-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。羅馬尼亞和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="塞爾維亞">塞爾維亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞">保加利亞</a>之間主要是以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>為界。而與<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="摩爾多瓦">摩爾多瓦</a>之間則是以多瑙河的另一條支流<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3" title="普魯特河">普魯特河</a>為界。多瑙河與普魯特河在羅馬尼亞匯合後，在羅馬尼亞境內注入<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>，而入海口處所形成的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="多瑙河三角洲">多瑙河三角洲</a>是歐洲最大的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="三角洲">三角洲</a>。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%88%97%E4%BC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬尼亞列伊">羅馬尼亞列伊</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬尼亞行政區劃">羅馬尼亞行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/100px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/150px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/200px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="970" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/EU-Romania.svg/100px-EU-Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/EU-Romania.svg/150px-EU-Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/EU-Romania.svg/200px-EU-Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></td> <td>是位於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="中歐">中歐</a>的一個國家，國土面積93,030平方公里，匈牙利在西部和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>接壤，在南部及東南部和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="塞爾維亞">塞爾維亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克羅地亞">克羅地亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛文尼亞">斯洛文尼亞</a>接壤，東南部和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>接壤，東北部和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>接壤，南部和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>接壤。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E6%9E%97" title="匈牙利福林">匈牙利福林</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="匈牙利行政區劃">匈牙利行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/100px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/150px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/200px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="2130" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/EU-Hungary.svg/100px-EU-Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/EU-Hungary.svg/150px-EU-Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/EU-Hungary.svg/200px-EU-Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克共和國</a></td> <td>位於歐洲核心地帶的捷克為一中歐內陸國，其四個鄰國分別為北方的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>，西北方的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>，南方的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>，與東南方的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>。今日的捷克主要包含了過去<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧匈帝國">奧匈帝國</a>時代<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波希米亞">波希米亞</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="摩拉維亞">摩拉維亞</a>這兩個傳統省份，與一小部分的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="西里西亞">西里西亞</a>之土地範圍。首都與最大城市為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="布拉格">布拉格</a>，跨<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="伏尔塔瓦河">伏尔塔瓦河</a>两岸，风景秀丽。捷克为一个三面隆起的四边形<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="盆地">盆地</a>，西部是波希米亞高地，东部是<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E9%98%A1%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="喀爾巴阡山">喀尔巴阡山</a>地。河网稠密，主要河流是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="伏尔塔瓦河">伏尔塔瓦河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="摩拉瓦河">摩拉瓦河</a>。它的地形非常复杂，西部<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A" title="波希米亚">波希米亚</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8C%97%E6%B2%B3" title="易北河">易北河</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克語">捷克語</a>：<span lang="cs">Labe</span>）和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="伏尔塔瓦河">伏尔塔瓦河</a>流域，周围是山地，包括捷克最高峰，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94" title="海拔">海拔</a>1,602<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="米 (单位)">米</a>的斯涅日卡峰，东部<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="摩拉维亚">摩拉维亚</a>地区是<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="摩拉瓦河">摩拉瓦河</a>流域，也包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%97%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="奥得河">奥得河</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克語">捷克語</a>：<span lang="cs">Odra</span>）的源头，捷克境内的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a>分别流往<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7_(%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B)" title="北海 (大西洋)">北海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" title="波罗的海">波罗的海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%97" title="捷克克朗">捷克克朗</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="捷克行政区划">捷克行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="1403" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EU-Czech_Republic.svg/100px-EU-Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EU-Czech_Republic.svg/150px-EU-Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EU-Czech_Republic.svg/200px-EU-Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克共和國</a></td> <td>是位於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="中歐">中歐</a>的一個內陸國。斯洛伐克北部多為山區，南部則地勢平坦。斯洛伐克的中部和北部是属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E9%98%A1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="喀爾巴阡山脈">喀爾巴阡山脈</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="塔特拉山">塔特拉山</a>，这里是良好的冬季滑雪地区，幽谷深湖风景优美。斯洛伐克的最高峰<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E5%B3%B0" title="格尔拉赫峰">格尔拉赫峰</a>海拔2655米，也在这里。南部有小片平原。流经斯洛伐克的最大的河流是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="歐元">歐元</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="斯洛伐克行政區劃">斯洛伐克行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovakia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovakia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovakia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/EU-Slovakia.svg/100px-EU-Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/EU-Slovakia.svg/150px-EU-Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/EU-Slovakia.svg/200px-EU-Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭共和國</a></td> <td>是位於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="中东欧">中東歐</a>的一個國家，地處<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>以東。波蘭地勢平坦，國土大部都是平原。波蘭<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="波羅的海">波羅的海</a>沿岸地區除<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E4%BD%86%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="格但斯克">格但斯克</a>外，缺乏天然良港。位於西北部的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%88%87%E9%9D%92" title="什切青">什切青</a>亦是波蘭重要的港口。波蘭東北部的湖區林木茂密，人口較少。在南部，<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E9%98%A1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="喀爾巴阡山脈">喀爾巴阡山脈</a>構成了波蘭同<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>的國界。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%8C%B2%E7%BE%85%E6%8F%90" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭茲羅提">波蘭茲羅提</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="波蘭行政區劃">波蘭行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/100px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/150px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/200px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herb_Polski.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/100px-Herb_Polski.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/150px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/200px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="3716" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Moldova.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/EU-Moldova.svg/100px-EU-Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/EU-Moldova.svg/150px-EU-Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/EU-Moldova.svg/200px-EU-Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2181" data-file-height="1835" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7" align="center">未被普遍承认的国家（非联合国会员国） </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="德涅斯特河沿岸">德涅斯特河沿岸摩爾達維亞共和國</a></td> <td>该国位于<a class="mw-selflink selflink">东欧</a>的一个特定地域，由于该地区处于<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3" title="德涅斯特河">德涅斯特河</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞語">羅馬尼亞語</a>：<span lang="ro">Nistru</span>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭語">烏克蘭語</a>：<span lang="uk">Дністер</span>），在<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a>境内的东岸，因此有了“德涅斯特河东岸”这个称谓。德涅斯特河沿岸摩尔达维亚共和国由5个<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="区">区</a>和2个<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%B8%82" title="直辖市">直辖市</a>组成。其中，宾杰里市完全位于德涅斯特河右岸，通常被认为其属于被德涅斯特河沿岸摩尔达维亚共和国实际控制的<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦共和国</a>中央政府的领土。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8%E7%9B%A7%E5%B8%83" title="德涅斯特河沿岸盧布">德涅斯特河沿岸盧布</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="德涅斯特河沿岸行政区划">德涅斯特河沿岸行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Transnistria_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Transnistria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1577" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Transnistria_Europe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Location_Transnistria_Europe.png/100px-Location_Transnistria_Europe.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Location_Transnistria_Europe.png/150px-Location_Transnistria_Europe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Location_Transnistria_Europe.png/200px-Location_Transnistria_Europe.png 2x" data-file-width="2052" data-file-height="1792" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理上的東歐"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86.E4.B8.8A.E7.9A.84.E6.9D.B1.E6.AD.90"></span>地理上的東歐</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：地理上的東歐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AIRM_-_Building_on_%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare_avenue_132,_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_-_aug_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/AIRM_-_Building_on_%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare_avenue_132%2C_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_-_aug_2015.jpg/220px-AIRM_-_Building_on_%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare_avenue_132%2C_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_-_aug_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/AIRM_-_Building_on_%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare_avenue_132%2C_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_-_aug_2015.jpg/330px-AIRM_-_Building_on_%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare_avenue_132%2C_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_-_aug_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/AIRM_-_Building_on_%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare_avenue_132%2C_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_-_aug_2015.jpg/440px-AIRM_-_Building_on_%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare_avenue_132%2C_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_-_aug_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="摩爾多瓦">摩爾多瓦</a>首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%8C%E6%B6%85%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="基希涅夫">基希涅夫</a>街頭，濃厚東歐色彩</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vkraina-Cosaques-Okraina_small.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vkraina-Cosaques-Okraina_small.png/220px-Vkraina-Cosaques-Okraina_small.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vkraina-Cosaques-Okraina_small.png/330px-Vkraina-Cosaques-Okraina_small.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Vkraina-Cosaques-Okraina_small.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>東欧地圖（1690年）</figcaption></figure> <p>自然地理方面的東歐，是指較少受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>海流影響，接近<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="乌拉尔山">烏拉爾山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3" title="乌拉尔河">乌拉尔河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="伏爾加河">伏爾加河</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%A9%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="窩瓦河">窩瓦河</a>）流域，實際上主要是指<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯聯邦">俄羅斯聯邦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>部分和其他<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%94" class="mw-redirect" title="獨立國協">獨立國協</a>的歐洲會員國家。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="地形"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E5.BD.A2"></span>地形</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：地形"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>本區的地形大致可以<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E9%98%A1%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="喀爾巴阡山">喀爾巴阡山</a>為分界，分成南北兩部分。北部的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%89%E5%B0%8F%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="波羅的海三小國">波羅的海三小國</a>平原廣闊，為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BF%84%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐俄平原">歐洲大平原</a>的東段，地勢由南向北傾斜。第四季的大陸<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="冰河">冰河</a>在平原南部留下肥沃的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="冰河">冰河</a>外洗黃土，也在平原的中北部地區堆積了成群的冰磧丘，使平原成波狀起伏。冰磧丘間的東西向窪地，自古以來即為東西向交通的必經之地。東歐以東、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%B1%B1" title="烏拉山">烏拉山</a>以西的歐俄部份，是一片遼闊且起伏平緩的古老陸塊，地層十分穩定堅實，全境多屬久經侵蝕的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="準平原">準平原</a>，又主要位於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>境內，故稱<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯平原">俄羅斯平原</a>。平原中部為<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦耳代丘陵">瓦耳代丘陵</a>，是河流的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%B0%B4%E5%B2%AD" title="分水岭">分水嶺</a>。位於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%8F%E6%B5%B7" title="裏海">裏海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>之間的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="高加索山">高加索山</a>，是歐亞的界山之一，山勢高大、地形崎嶇，夾雜著高原、平原和低地。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="氣候"><span id=".E6.B0.A3.E5.80.99"></span>氣候</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：氣候"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>受位置影響，過渡性質是本區氣候最主要的特徵。北部各國介於西歐和國協之間，屬於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带海洋性气候">溫帶海洋性氣候</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="溫帶大陸性氣候">溫帶大陸性氣候</a>間的過渡性氣候，冬天酷寒，地面積雪自西部的數週，向東逐漸增加到俄羅斯邊境的兩個半月，雖冷於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="西歐">西歐</a>，卻較俄境溫暖；夏季較<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="西歐">西歐</a>熱，卻又較<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>涼爽許多。南部的前<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="南斯拉夫">南斯拉夫</a>各國、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾巴尼亞">阿爾巴尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞">保加利亞</a>等國位居<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="巴爾幹半島">巴爾幹半島</a>北部，屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%9E%8B%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="地中海型氣候">地中海型氣候</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="溫帶大陸性氣候">溫帶大陸性氣候</a>之間的過渡性氣候。 </p><p>東歐距離溫暖的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="北大西洋">北大西洋</a>已遠，全區較西歐寒冷，最冷月均溫皆在零度或以下；夏季則因缺乏北大西洋海風調節，缺乏水氣調劑而顯炎熱，最暖月溫度自北向南見增，北部平原四國不足20℃，南部各國則多超過20℃。東歐大部分位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="溫帶大陸性氣候">溫帶大陸性氣候</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="溫帶地中海氣候">溫帶地中海氣候</a>區域內，冬季漫長而酷寒，夏季短促而溫暖或酷熱，春秋季極短年溫差甚大，而且愈東愈近俄羅斯愈明顯。夏季的東歐內陸是主要雨季沿岸是旱季；而冬季東歐內陸則是雪季而沿岸是雨季（尤以西巴爾幹沿岸為主），水氣主要由西風自北大西洋帶入，年雨量約為500公釐，且由西向東遞減。 </p><p>本區冬溫甚低，故河流多數冰封、雪橇通行，東歐內陸和北部的冬季（以月均溫小於或等於12℃為準），長達六個月至八個月並時常出現暴雪天氣；而東歐南部和西巴爾幹沿岸稍暖一些但也較西歐寒冷，冬季約二至四個月左右。由於氣溫甚低即使較少下雪的西巴爾幹沿岸地區也會在寒潮影響時出現持續的霜凍天氣。夏季由於地處內陸，氣溫較西歐暖甚至熱，受緯度影響顯著。冬季降雪區域廣泛，每年11月至翌年3月，時常出現降雪現象，北部泰卡（Taiga）針葉林區，冬雪最多，經常積雪二、三呎，春季雪融緩慢，融雪水滲入土中，可供植物吸收，對寒帶森林的發育裨益甚大。 </p><p>南部和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="高加索地区">高加索地區</a>因山脈阻擋<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>酷寒氣流南下，氣候較暖，有助於旅遊業的發展。高加索地區由於緯度較低，氣候上已帶有較明顯的副熱帶色彩，但因為年均溫低於副熱帶氣候標準（年均溫低於或等於18℃），故仍被列為溫帶氣候區。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="民族"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E6.97.8F"></span>民族</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：民族"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>東歐地區以<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="斯拉夫民族">斯拉夫民族</a>為絕對主導，並且在分為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="東斯拉夫">東斯拉夫</a>（俄羅斯人、烏克蘭人、白羅斯人）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="西斯拉夫">西斯拉夫</a>（波蘭人、捷克人、斯洛伐克人）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="南斯拉夫">南斯拉夫</a>（塞爾維亞人、斯洛維尼亞人、克羅埃西亞人、馬其頓人、蒙特內哥羅人、保加利亞人），所有斯拉夫人都發源於今波蘭東南部維斯杜拉河上游一帶，於西元<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="一世紀">一世紀</a>時開始向外遷徙，至<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="六世紀">六世紀</a>時期居地已經遍布東歐以及俄羅斯地區。但同樣為斯拉夫人，其語言、宗教和文化卻根本不同，西斯拉夫國家長期受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志文化">德意志文化</a>影響、信奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>、使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>；東斯拉夫國家則能維持斯拉夫原始的面貌、信奉<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a>、使用源自於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘文">希臘文</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="西里爾字母">西里爾字母</a>；南斯拉夫則沒有一個統一的標準，語言、宗教、文化均混亂而無法一概而論。 </p><p>除了主要的斯拉夫人以外，東歐地區還有三個較小的民族國家，它們分別是： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%9C%AD%E5%85%92%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="馬札兒人">馬札兒人</a>原為烏拉山西側的草原民族，於西元<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="九世紀">九世紀</a>建立匈牙利王國。在向西遷徙的過程中，曾與斯拉夫人、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="西突厥">西突厥</a>人混居，移居匈牙利平原之後又受日耳曼文化的影響。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="阿爾巴尼亞人">阿爾巴尼亞人</a>主要分布於今<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿尔巴尼亚共和国">阿爾巴尼亞共和國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="科索沃共和國">科索沃共和國</a>，由於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="十四世紀">十四世紀</a>以後一直受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧斯曼帝國">奧斯曼帝國</a>的統治，因而文化上充滿伊斯蘭色彩，宗教上也以信仰<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a>（57%）為主。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="羅馬尼亞人">羅馬尼亞人</a>是東歐唯一的拉丁語民族，但跟大多数斯拉夫民族一样，信奉东正教，他們是古羅馬人的後裔，因羅馬帝國曾在此建省並統治；故此他們留居東南歐。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="經濟"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F"></span>經濟</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：經濟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>東歐盛產<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="小麥">小麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%88%B4%E8%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="馬鈴薯">馬鈴薯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9C%E8%8F%9C" title="甜菜">甜菜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E6%97%A5%E8%91%B5" title="向日葵">向日葵</a>，基礎農業發達、養畜業發達，除白羅斯和烏克蘭以外，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="東歐民主化">東歐民主化</a>之後紛紛加入歐盟，以廉價勞工吸引各國企業設廠。東歐人口眾多，城市密布、交通網發達，分布有許多著名工業區。 </p> <ul><li>俄羅斯：莫斯科、烏拉山、庫斯內次（庫斯巴次，西部西伯利亞平原的東南方）、貝加爾湖工業區（貝加爾湖（L.Baykal）的西北方），是東歐軍火工業、航天業最發達的地區。</li> <li>烏克蘭：前蘇聯最大軍火工業區頓內次工業區，擁有世界上最大的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="黑土地">黑土地</a>和各種鐵礦、煤礦、銅礦等金屬資源，以及前蘇聯遺留下來的優質工廠。</li></ul> <p>整體來說，該區的經濟情況自19世紀開始就落後於西歐、北歐，在20世紀的共產主義<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="冷戰">冷戰</a>時代尤為明顯，但在民主化之後都有了飛躍性的提升；其中<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="愛沙尼亞">愛沙尼亞</a>為東歐的經濟模範，雖然比不上西歐、北歐國家，但和南歐的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a>相比卻毫不遜色。因為實行過社會主義制度，東歐國家之前的經濟重心明顯偏向於重工業、基礎建設行業，導致其紙面數據比較美好，在當時就被算作<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B2%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="已開發國家">已開發國家</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文明分区"><span id=".E6.96.87.E6.98.8E.E5.88.86.E5.8C.BA"></span>文明分区</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：文明分区"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>按照<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%B9%86%E7%88%BE%C2%B7P%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%BB%B7%E9%A0%93" title="塞繆爾·P·亨廷頓">亨廷顿</a>的文明冲突论，东欧还可以细分为以下数个文明圈： </p> <ul><li><b>天主教-近德意志文明區：</b>被<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a>统治过的匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、斯洛維尼亚、克罗埃西亚，以及被<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志帝国">德意志帝国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="奥地利帝国">奥地利帝国</a>统治过部分领土的波兰属于西方文明下属的天主教文明圈，還不同程度地受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" class="mw-disambig" title="德意志">德意志</a>文化的影响，尤以曾有大量德国地主移民拓殖的波兰和捷克为最。大多数民众信奉<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马天主教">罗马天主教</a>，也有比例較高的<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="無神論者">無神論者</a>；较早建立<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AD%B0%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="代議民主制">代议制民主</a>政体，例如波兰早在1791年就颁布了欧洲第一部成文宪法——<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="五三宪法">五三宪法</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7%E5%89%A7%E5%8F%98" title="东欧剧变">东欧剧变</a>后民主转型和平。这些国家大多數早在一战前就已經开展<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="工业革命">工业革命</a>，经济虽然稍微落后于西欧但仍然领先全球大多数国家，例如捷克拥有能与德国<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%99%8F%E4%BC%AF" title="克虏伯">克虏伯</a>匹敌的军工业。這些國家的科技和文化也较为发达，如<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A7%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="萧邦">萧邦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="瑪麗·居禮">瑪麗·居禮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%8D%93%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E5%A7%90%E5%BC%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="沃卓斯基姐弟">沃卓斯基姐弟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="罗曼·波兰斯基">罗曼·波兰斯基</a>为世界知名的波兰裔文化与科技名人，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰·冯·诺伊曼">约翰·冯·诺依曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E9%97%A8" title="西奥多·冯·卡门">西奥多·冯·卡门</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B4%E5%A4%9A%E8%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="裴多菲">裴多菲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="斯坦因">斯坦因</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E7%8E%9B" title="乔玛">山陀尔·乔马</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="索羅斯">索罗斯</a>等皆为匈牙利裔科学与文化名人，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%8F%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德沃夏克">德沃夏克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E6%98%86%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89" title="米兰·昆德拉">米兰·昆德拉</a>则为捷克的文化名人。</li> <li><b>東正教-東斯拉夫文明區：</b>乌克兰、俄罗斯、白罗斯三国都是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="東斯拉夫人">东斯拉夫人</a>建立，属于东正教文化圈，种族血缘和语言文字都也很相近。这些国家的文明来自对<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">拜占庭</a>文化的学习和吸收，但也加入了濃厚的自我風格。到19世紀末期的一戰前逐步工業化，重工業和農業發達，但輕工業、民生工業薄弱。反復在親歐洲和反歐洲的價值觀中進行選擇，沒有像如中西欧国家一般树立對个人主义和自由主义的堅持，因而被19世紀晚期的歷史學家<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%AB%BE%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E6%B9%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%AF%94" class="mw-redirect" title="阿諾爾得·約瑟·湯恩比">汤因比</a>视为和歐洲文明不一樣的俄罗斯文明圈。</li> <li><b>東正教-巴爾幹文明區：</b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴尔干半岛</a>诸国（斯洛維尼亚和克罗埃西亞除外）大多属于东正教文化圈，受到拜占庭和奧斯曼帝國的文化雙重影響。按照<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%BB%B7%E9%A0%93" class="mw-disambig" title="亨廷頓">亨廷顿</a>的理论，這些巴爾幹國家未能像東斯拉夫民族一樣经历<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AF%E8%92%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="启蒙运动">启蒙运动</a>等歐洲的思想革命，在脱离奥斯曼帝国独立后也大多实行獨裁政体，二战后又都建立了共产集权政体（希腊除外），所以冷战后的民主转型较之波兰、捷克斯洛伐克等中欧国家顯得較為遲緩。巴尔干諸国民族在冷戰時期的民族矛盾非常多，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" title="南斯拉夫內戰">南斯拉夫</a>在冷战结束后都爆发了激烈的动乱。除希腊外，巴爾幹國家在两次<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="工业革命">工业革命</a>中都没有赶上，直到20世紀中期的二战后才开始工业化，故经济普遍落后，不仅低于西欧和中欧的国家，也低於日本、韓國、新加坡等先进亚洲国家。冷戰結束後此現象已經好轉了許多，以服務業為首的第三產業開始迅速發跡。</li> <li><b>基督宗教-伊斯蘭教混合區：</b>阿尔巴尼亚、波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納和北马其顿属于穆斯林和基督徒杂居的地区，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="霍查">霍查</a>对宗教打压期间，阿尔巴尼亚的大多数民众无宗教信仰，共产主义结束统治后，宗教信仰人口又逐渐增加，如今，伊斯兰教为阿尔巴尼亚第一大宗教。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="關聯條目"><span id=".E9.97.9C.E8.81.AF.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>關聯條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：關聯條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="北大西洋公约组织">北大西洋公约组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="獨立國家聯合體">獨立國家聯合體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E4%B8%9C%E6%89%A9%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" class="mw-redirect" title="北约东扩计划">北約東擴計畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯解體">蘇聯解體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7%E5%89%A7%E5%8F%98" title="东欧剧变">东欧剧变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟东扩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="华沙条约组织">华沙条约组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="经济互助委员会">经济互助委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%2B1%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="16+1合作">16+1合作</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="共产主义">共产主义</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>龍騰文化世界文化地理篇（上）民93年</li> <li>新世紀世界地理百科全書　貓頭鷹出版　城邦文化發行　民87年</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8B"></span>注釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：注釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">註：地理上和文化上屬<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="中歐">中歐</a>，今屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">原本本條目使用獨立國家國協，但因為此概念為人熟知的太少，而且一些曾經參加過國協的國家，包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="南高加索">南高加索</a>共和國太過特殊，烏克蘭已經退出獨立國協，而南高加索普遍不被認為是歐洲國家，故排除此分類方式，以前蘇聯為指標。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statistical-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statistical_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210503/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf">Geography, Meteorology and Environment</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Romanian Statistical Yearbook. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-09-07</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2007-09-27） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到罗马尼亚语网页">（罗马尼亚语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7&rft.btitle=Geography%2C+Meteorology+and+Environment&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Romanian+Statistical+Yearbook&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insse.ro%2Fcms%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Fro%2Fcap1.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="Template:世界分区"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="Template talk:世界分区"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:世界分区"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="世界分區" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="世界">世界</a>分區</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEEEEE"><div>参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="联合国地理区划列表">联合国地理区划</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div> <table align="center" style="padding-left: 6%; padding-right: 2%; background: transparent;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <td width="56px"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationAsia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/60px-LocationAsia.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/90px-LocationAsia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/LocationAsia.png/120px-LocationAsia.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="64px"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚／西南亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="北亚">北亚／西伯利亞</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东北亚">东北亚</a><br /> <b>其他</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東">近東</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C" title="中东">中东</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1" title="遠東">遠東</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E5%B3%B6%E5%BC%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞島弧">東亞島弧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="東印度">東印度</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="印度次大陸">印度次大陸</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationAfrica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/60px-LocationAfrica.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/90px-LocationAfrica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LocationAfrica.png/120px-LocationAfrica.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b>文化地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">阿拉伯非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">漠南非洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁非洲">拉丁非洲</a>）<br /> <b>自然地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北部非洲／撒哈拉以北非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">撒哈拉以南非洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%9D%9E" title="东非">东部非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部非洲">中部非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E" title="西非">西部非洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="南部非洲">南部非洲</a>）<br /> <b>其他</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%B9%8B%E8%A7%92" title="非洲之角">东北非洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="西北非洲">西北非洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="大中东地区">大中东地区</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationEurope.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/60px-LocationEurope.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/90px-LocationEurope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/120px-LocationEurope.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b>自然地理</b>：<a class="mw-selflink selflink">东欧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西欧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a><br /><b>其他</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="中东欧">中东欧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="东南欧">东南欧</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴爾幹地區</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧俄</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationAmericas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LocationAmericas.png/60px-LocationAmericas.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LocationAmericas.png/90px-LocationAmericas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LocationAmericas.png/120px-LocationAmericas.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b>自然地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美洲</a><br /><b>政治地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="北美地区">北美</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲">拉丁美洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="中美 (政治地理学)">中美</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中美洲">中美洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="加勒比地区">加勒比地区</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美</a>）<br /><b>文化地理</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="盎格鲁美洲">盎格鲁美洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="拉丁美洲">拉丁美洲</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法蘭西美洲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French America"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法蘭西美洲（页面不存在）">法蘭西美洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_America" class="extiw" title="en:French America"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French America</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="伊比利亚美洲">伊比利亚美洲</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="西班牙美洲">西班牙美洲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葡萄牙美洲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portuguese America"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄牙美洲（页面不存在）">葡萄牙美洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_America" class="extiw" title="en:Portuguese America"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portuguese America</span></a></span>）</span></span>））<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中部美洲">中部美洲</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationOceania.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/LocationOceania.png/60px-LocationOceania.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/LocationOceania.png/90px-LocationOceania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/LocationOceania.png/120px-LocationOceania.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="澳大利亞洲">澳洲</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="澳大拉西亞">澳大拉西亞</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="美拉尼西亚">美拉尼西亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B2%9B%E7%BE%A4" title="密克罗尼西亚岛群">密克罗尼西亚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="玻里尼西亞">波利尼西亚</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div> <table align="center" style="padding-right:4%; background:transparent;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <td width="56px"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationPolarRegions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LocationPolarRegions.png/60px-LocationPolarRegions.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LocationPolarRegions.png/90px-LocationPolarRegions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LocationPolarRegions.png/120px-LocationPolarRegions.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="64px"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0" title="極地">極地</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="北极地区">北极地方</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲">南极洲／南极地方</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <p><b>其他</b><br />  </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="環太平洋地區">環太平洋地區</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%AA%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="亚太地区">亚太地区</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%A4%AA%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="印太地区">印太地区</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="獨立國家聯合體">獨立國家國協地區</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="阿拉伯世界">阿拉伯地區</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="Template:地中海">環地中海地區</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationOceans.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/60px-LocationOceans.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/90px-LocationOceans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LocationOceans.png/120px-LocationOceans.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B" title="洋">大洋</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B4%8B" title="世界洋">世界洋</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B" title="印度洋">印度洋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋">北冰洋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="南冰洋">南冰洋</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MonthlyMeanT.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/60px-MonthlyMeanT.gif" decoding="async" width="60" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/90px-MonthlyMeanT.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/120px-MonthlyMeanT.gif 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候">氣候區</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6" title="热带">热带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="熱帶雨林氣候">熱帶雨林</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E4%B9%BE%E6%BF%95%E5%AD%A3%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="熱帶乾濕季氣候">熱帶莽原</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E4%B9%BE%E6%BF%95%E5%AD%A3%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="熱帶乾濕季氣候">熱帶草原</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="热带干旱半干旱气候">熱帶沙漠</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="热带季风气候">熱帶季風</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6" title="亚热带">亚热带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E6%B9%BF%E6%B6%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副热带湿润气候">副熱帶濕潤／夏雨型暖濕</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副热带季风气候">副熱帶季風</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="地中海式气候">地中海</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6" title="温带">温带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带海洋性气候">溫帶海洋性</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="温带大陆性气候">溫帶大陸性</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带干旱半干旱气候">溫帶草原</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带干旱半干旱气候">溫帶沙漠</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%AD%A3%E9%A3%8E%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带季风气候">溫帶季風</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副极地气候">亚寒带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副极地气候">副極地氣候</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E5%B8%A6" title="寒带">寒带</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E5%B8%A6" title="寒带">極地氣候</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%94%E5%8E%9F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="苔原气候">苔原气候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E5%86%B0%E5%8E%9F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="极地冰原气候">冰原氣候</a>） <br /> <b>其他</b>： <a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="高原山地气候">高山气候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丘陵氣候（页面不存在）">丘陵氣候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平原氣候（页面不存在）">平原氣候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盆地氣候（页面不存在）">盆地氣候</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="臺地氣候（页面不存在）">臺地氣候</a><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecozones.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ecozones.svg/60px-Ecozones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ecozones.svg/90px-Ecozones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ecozones.svg/120px-Ecozones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%8C%BA" title="生物地理分布区">生物分布區</a></b> </p> </td> <td align="left"> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%97%E7%95%8C" title="新北界">新北界</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%97%E7%95%8C" title="古北界">古北界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E7%95%8C" title="舊熱帶界">舊熱帶界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B4%8B%E7%95%8C" title="东洋界">东洋界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%96%B0%E7%95%8C" title="澳新界">澳新界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E7%95%8C" title="新热带界">新热带界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E7%95%8C" title="南极界">南极界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大洋界" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oceanian realm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大洋界（页面不存在）">大洋界</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanian_realm" class="extiw" title="en:Oceanian realm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oceanian realm</span></a></span>）</span></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: khaki;"><div>另见：<b><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B4%B2" title="Template:洲">世界七大洲</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%93%E9%A2%98" title="Template:世界主义和世界政府专题">世界主義和世界政府</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="欧洲" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Template:歐洲"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Template talk:歐洲"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:歐洲"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="欧洲" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="不列顛群島">不列顛群島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="英格兰">英格兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF" title="威爾斯">威尔士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="北爱尔兰">北爱尔兰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="西歐平原">西歐平原</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰王国">荷兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="意大利半島">亞平寧半島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D" title="聖座的法律地位">属</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7" title="聖座">聖座</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" title="馬爾他騎士團">馬爾他騎士團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%BA" title="圣马力诺">圣马力诺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊比利亚半岛">伊比利亚半岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海諸國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88" title="德語地理分佈">德語圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦斯登">列支敦斯登</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="匈牙利语">馬扎兒語圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="西斯拉夫民族">西斯拉夫</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%94%E5%9C%8B" title="北歐五國">斯堪的纳维亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="波罗的海国家">波羅的海</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">东欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="東斯拉夫民族">東斯拉夫</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧洲部分</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴尔干半岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克羅埃西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">黑山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">跨欧亚地区<br /><small>（部分領土位於歐洲）</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧洲部分</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯">色雷斯</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3" title="乌拉尔河">乌拉尔河</a>以西的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="西哈薩克斯坦州">西哈薩克斯坦州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="阿特勞州">阿特勞州</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="属地">海外屬地</a>與<br />其他特殊政區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>英國 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" title="根西行政區">根西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="曼島">马恩岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF" title="澤西">澤西</a></li></ul></li> <li>挪威 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%B6" title="揚馬延">揚馬延島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4" title="斯瓦尔巴">斯瓦尔巴群島</a></li></ul></li> <li>丹麥 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0" title="格陵兰">格陵兰</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界政區索引">世界政區索引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲">南极洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27468#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27468#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27468#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4075739-0">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007560192505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85045765">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/zw9cbfdh145s6j0">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Evropa východní"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge137881&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10047260">NARA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=东欧&oldid=84606356">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=东欧&oldid=84606356</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="Category:东欧">东欧</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%AC%A7%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="Category:欧亚大陆地区">欧亚大陆地区</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" 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