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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Praktiska metoder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Praktiska_metoder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ataraxi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 44 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%85%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9)" title="طمأنينة (فلسفة) – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طمأنينة (فلسفة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraksiya" title="Ataraksiya – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ataraksiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Атараксія – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атараксія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Атараксия – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Атараксия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraksija" title="Ataraksija – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ataraksija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atar%C3%A0xia" title="Ataràxia – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ataràxia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxie" title="Ataraxie – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ataraxie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxie" title="Ataraxie – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ataraxie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraksia" title="Ataraksia – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ataraksia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αταραξία – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αταραξία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ataraxia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ataraxia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraksio" title="Ataraksio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ataraksio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ataraxia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="آتاراکسی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آتاراکسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxie" title="Ataraxie – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ataraxie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ataraxia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%83%80%EB%9D%BD%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="아타락시아 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아타락시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ատարաքսիա – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ատարաքսիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraksija" title="Ataraksija – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ataraksija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxio" title="Ataraxio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ataraxio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ataraxia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atarassia" title="Atarassia – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Atarassia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Атаракция – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Атаракция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Атараксия – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Атараксия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ataraxia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraksija" title="Ataraksija – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ataraksija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxia_(filoz%C3%B3fia)" title="Ataraxia (filozófia) – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ataraxia (filozófia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxie" title="Ataraxie – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ataraxie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="アタラクシア – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アタラクシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraksia" title="Ataraksia – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ataraksia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ataraxia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraksiya" title="Ataraksiya – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ataraksiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraksja" title="Ataraksja – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ataraksja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ataraxia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxie" title="Ataraxie – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ataraxie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Атараксия – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атараксия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxia_(filozofia)" title="Ataraxia (filozofia) – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ataraxia (filozofia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Атараксија – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Атараксија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraksija" title="Ataraksija – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ataraksija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraksia" title="Ataraksia – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ataraksia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraksiya" title="Ataraksiya – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ataraksiya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Атараксія – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Атараксія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%BF%83%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%81%E9%9D%99" title="内心的宁静 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="内心的宁静" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q262568#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Ataraxi</b> (av <a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">grekiska</a> <i>ataraxiʹa</i> ’sinneslugn’, av nekande <i>a</i> och <i>taraʹssō</i> ’uppröra’) är ett orubbligt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lugn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lugn [inte skriven än]">lugn</a> i <a href="/wiki/Liv" title="Liv">livets</a> alla skeden. Denna term präglar, enligt ett antal <a href="/wiki/Filosofins_historia" title="Filosofins historia">grekiska filosofiska</a> skolor, den som är <a href="/wiki/Visdom" title="Visdom">vis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Demokritos" title="Demokritos">Demokritos</a> såg ataraxin som ett viktigt livsmål, och detsamma gjorde <a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">skeptiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">stoiker</a> och <a href="/wiki/Epikurism" title="Epikurism">epikuréer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denna oberördbarhet fokuserar på att uppnå en lugn och balanserad sinnesstämning genom förnuft och acceptans, där man betonar den aktiva processen i hur detta uppnås. </p><p>”Ataraxia” är motsatsen till ”taraxia”, som är det <i>tillstånd av förvirring</i> som uppstår ur en brist på ordning. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataraxi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataraxi&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I antikens grekiska filosofi användes termen av <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhon" title="Pyrrhon">Pyrrhon</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och <a href="/wiki/Epikuros" title="Epikuros">Epikuros</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> för stillhet och lugn i kropp och själ. Termen beskriver ett klarsynt tillstånd av robust jämnmodighet som kännetecknas av pågående frihet från nöd och oro. I icke-filosofisk användning var ataraxi det ideala mentala tillståndet för soldater som gick ut i strid.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Att uppnå ataraxi var ett gemensamt mål för pyrrhonister, epikuréer och stoiker, men rollen och värdet av ataraxi inom varje filosofi varierade i enlighet med dess filosofiska teorier. De psykiska störningarna som hindrar en från att prestera ataraxi varierade mellan filosofierna, och varje filosofi har olika uppfattning om hur man uppnår ataraxi. </p><p>I pyrrhonismen är ataraxin det avsedda resultatet av en <a href="/wiki/Epok" title="Epok">epok</a> (det vill säga upphävande av domen) angående alla frågor om <a href="/wiki/Dogm" title="Dogm">dogmer</a> (det vill säga icke-uppenbar tro). Detta representerar det centrala syftet med pyrrhonistisk praxis,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vilken är nödvändig för att åstadkomma <a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">eudaimonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>För Epikuros var ataraxi, <a href="/wiki/Epikuros#Aponia" title="Epikuros">aponia</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C4%93don%C4%93" title="Hēdonē">hēdonē</a> (njutning) och khara (glädje)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> idealtillstånden för människan.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Epikurister delade upp njutningen i två kategorier: den fysiska och den mentala.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De ansåg att mentala och inte fysiska nöjen var den högsta sorten av njutning eftersom fysiska nöjen endast existerar i nuet medan mentala nöjen finns i det förflutna, nuet och framtiden.<sup id="cite_ref-:122_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:122-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Epikurister separerade vidare njutningen i vad de kallade kinetisk njutning, de som uppstår genom handling eller förändring,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och katastrofala nöjen, de som uppstår genom frånvaro av nöd.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De som uppnådde frihet från fysiska störningar sades vara i ett tillstånd av aponi, medan de som uppnådde frihet från psykiska störningar sades vara i ett tillstånd av ataraxi.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ataraxin, som både ett mentalt och katastematiskt nöje, var nyckeln till en persons lycka.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I stoicismen, till skillnad från pyrrhonismen eller epikurismen, är ataraxin, eller lugnet i sinnet,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inte livets slutliga mål. Istället är målet ett liv i <a href="/wiki/Dygd" title="Dygd">dygd</a> enligt naturen,<sup id="cite_ref-:72_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som är avsett att åstadkomma <a href="/wiki/Apati" title="Apati">apati</a>, frånvaron av ohälsosamma passioner. Men eftersom stoikernna i ett tillstånd av apati inte bryr sig om saker utanför sig själva och inte är mottagliga för känslor, skulle de inte kunna störas av någonting alls.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Detta betyder att de också var i ett mentalt stadium av lugn och därmed i ett tillstånd av ataraxi.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Praktiska_metoder">Praktiska metoder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataraxi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Praktiska metoder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataraxi&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Praktiska metoder"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a>: Meditation hjälper individen att träna tankarna på att fokusera på nuet och släppa taget om oro och negativa tankar. Mindfulnessmeditation är en utgångspunkt.</li> <li><b>Andningsövningar</b>: Djupandning kan lugna kropp och sinne. Diafragmatisk andning är en metod för att sänka stressnivåer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kognitiv_beteendeterapi" title="Kognitiv beteendeterapi">Kognitiv beteendeterapi</a> (KBT): KBT kan hjälpa att identifiera negativa tankemönster och ersätta dem med mer realistiska och positiva tankar.</li> <li><b>Negativ visualisering</b>, där man föreställer sig negativa händelser inträffa och sedan mentalt förbereder sig på hur man ska hantera dem, kan hjälpa till att minska ångest inför handlingsalternativ.</li> <li><b>Nedsaktande</b> - att medvetet förlänga skeenden och använda den extra tiden till att fokusera på att göra momentet perfekt eller på ett visst sätt, samma vad gäller tal. Detta kan kombineras med självobservation.</li> <li><b>Borttagande</b> av störande eller förvirrande element i den egna tillvaron.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataraxi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataraxi&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="plainlinks"><i>Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från <a href="/wiki/Engelskspr%C3%A5kiga_Wikipedia" title="Engelskspråkiga Wikipedia">engelskspråkiga Wikipedia</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataraxia">Ataraxia</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ataraxia&oldid=1139462111">15 februari 2023</a>.</i></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataraxi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataraxi&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/ataraxi">”ataraxi”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/ataraxi">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/ataraxi</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 21 maj 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=ataraxi&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fataraxi&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ataraxi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iep.utm.edu/pyrrho/">"Pyrrho (c. 360—c. 270 B.C.E.)"</a> Läst 1 december 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iep.utm.edu/epicur/">"Epicurus (341—271 B.C.E.)"</a> Läst 1 december 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Adrian Kuzminiski, <i>Pyrrhonism: How the Ancient Greeks Reinvented Buddhism</i> 2008 p2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWarren2002">Warren, James (2002). <i><span>Epicurus and Democritean Ethics: An Archaeology of Ataraxia.</span></i>. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. sid. 1</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epicurus+and+Democritean+Ethics%3A+An+Archaeology+of+Ataraxia.&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Warren%2C+James&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B1&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ataraxi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFMachuca2006">Machuca, Diego E. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/archive/MACTPA-6.pdf">”The Pyrrhonist's Ἀταραξία and Φιλανθρωπία.”</a>. <i>Ancient Philosophy</i> 26 ((1)1): sid. 114. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5840%2Fancientphil200626141">10.5840/ancientphil200626141</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://philpapers.org/archive/MACTPA-6.pdf">https://philpapers.org/archive/MACTPA-6.pdf</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Pyrrhonist%27s+%E1%BC%88%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%AF%CE%B1+and+%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B1.&rft.jtitle=Ancient+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Machuca&rft.aufirst=Diego+E.&rft.au=Machuca%2C+Diego+E.&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=%281%291&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B114&rft_id=info:doi/10.5840%2Fancientphil200626141&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Farchive%2FMACTPA-6.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ataraxi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epicurussite.wordpress.com/2016/03/29/epicurean-positive-emotions-1/">"Positive Epicurus"</a> Läst 1 december 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quebecoislibre.org/07/071111-4.htm">"Epicurus on freedom and happiness"</a> Läst 1 december 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-9"><a href="#cite_ref-:22_9-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFO'Keefe2010">O'Keefe, Tim (2010). <i><span>Epicureanism</span></i>. University of California Press. sid. 117–121</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epicureanism&rft.aulast=O%27Keefe&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=O%27Keefe%2C+Tim&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B117%E2%80%93121&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ataraxi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:122-10"><a href="#cite_ref-:122_10-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFO'Keefe2010">O'Keefe, Tim (2010). <i><span>Epicureanism</span></i>. University of California Press. sid. 118–119</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epicureanism&rft.aulast=O%27Keefe&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=O%27Keefe%2C+Tim&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B118%E2%80%93119&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ataraxi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-11"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFSharples1996">Sharples, R. W. (1996). <i><span>Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics: An Introduction to Hellenistic Philosophy</span></i>. New York: Routledge. sid. 91–92</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stoics%2C+Epicureans%2C+and+Sceptics%3A+An+Introduction+to+Hellenistic+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Sharples&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rft.au=Sharples%2C+R.+W.&rft.date=1996&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B91%E2%80%9392&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ataraxi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-12">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFO'Keefe2010">O'Keefe, Tim (2010). <i><span>Epicureanism</span></i>. University of California Press. sid. 119–120</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epicureanism&rft.aulast=O%27Keefe&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=O%27Keefe%2C+Tim&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B119%E2%80%93120&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ataraxi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-13"><a href="#cite_ref-:6_13-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFO'Keefe2010">O'Keefe, Tim (2010). <i><span>Epicureanism</span></i>. University of California Press. sid. 120</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epicureanism&rft.aulast=O%27Keefe&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=O%27Keefe%2C+Tim&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B120&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ataraxi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-14">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:8_14-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_14-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFStriker1990">Striker, Gisela (1990). ”Ataraxia”. <i>The Monist</i> 73 (1): sid. 100–101. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5840%2Fmonist199073121">10.5840/monist199073121</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ataraxia&rft.jtitle=The+Monist&rft.aulast=Striker&rft.aufirst=Gisela&rft.au=Striker%2C+Gisela&rft.date=1990&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B100%E2%80%93101&rft_id=info:doi/10.5840%2Fmonist199073121&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ataraxi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:72-15"><a href="#cite_ref-:72_15-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFStriker1990">Striker, Gisela (1990). ”Ataraxia”. <i>The Monist</i> 73 (1): sid. 99. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5840%2Fmonist199073121">10.5840/monist199073121</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ataraxia&rft.jtitle=The+Monist&rft.aulast=Striker&rft.aufirst=Gisela&rft.au=Striker%2C+Gisela&rft.date=1990&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B99&rft_id=info:doi/10.5840%2Fmonist199073121&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ataraxi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Steven K. Strange, (2004), <i>The Stoics on the Voluntariness of Passion</i> in <i>Stoicism: Traditions and Transformations</i>, page 37. Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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