CINXE.COM

NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY - Supporting Freedom Around the World

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"c8eb398605",applicationID:"9433139"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.ned.org/xmlrpc.php"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <title>NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY &#x2d; Supporting Freedom Around the World</title> <!-- The SEO Framework by Sybre Waaijer --> <meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1,max-image-preview:standard,max-video-preview:-1" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ned.org/" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY" /> <meta property="og:title" content="NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY &#x2d; Supporting Freedom Around the World" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.ned.org/" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/nedlogofeaturedphoto.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="325" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="158" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY &#x2d; Supporting Freedom Around the World" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/nedlogofeaturedphoto.png" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.ned.org/#/schema/WebSite","url":"https://www.ned.org/","name":"NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY","description":"Supporting Freedom Around the World","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.ned.org/search/{search_term_string}/"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.ned.org/#/schema/Organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.ned.org/","url":"https://www.ned.org/","name":"NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY &#x2d; Supporting Freedom Around the World","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.ned.org/#/schema/WebSite"},"breadcrumb":{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.ned.org/#/schema/BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY"}},"potentialAction":{"@type":"ReadAction","target":"https://www.ned.org/"},"about":{"@id":"https://www.ned.org/#/schema/Organization"}},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.ned.org/#/schema/Organization","name":"NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY","url":"https://www.ned.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-ned-favicon.png","contentUrl":"https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-ned-favicon.png","width":512,"height":512}}]}</script> <!-- / The SEO Framework by Sybre Waaijer | 7.57ms meta | 0.32ms boot --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.ned.org' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY &raquo; Feed" href="https://www.ned.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://www.ned.org/comments/feed/" /> <!-- This site uses the Google Analytics by MonsterInsights plugin v8.26.0 - Using Analytics tracking - https://www.monsterinsights.com/ --> <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-D16R2Y00FE" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '8.26.0'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/www.ned.org\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-D16R2Y00FE', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-D16R2Y00FE', {"forceSSL":"true","link_attribution":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script> <!-- / Google Analytics by MonsterInsights --> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.ned.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.5.4"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.9.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpsm_infobox_bootstrap-front-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/info-box/assets/css/bootstrap-front.css?ver=6.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='super-rss-reader-css-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/super-rss-reader--forked/public/srr-css.css?ver=6.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='add-ons-plg-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/css/add-ons-plg.css?ver=6.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome.min-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=6.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ned-style-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/style.css?ver=6.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='responsive-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/css/responsive.css?ver=6.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fancybox-css-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.css?ver=6.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='Oswald-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oswald&#038;ver=6.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='heateor_sss_frontend_css-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/css/sassy-social-share-public.css?ver=3.3.63' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='heateor_sss_frontend_css-inline-css' type='text/css'> .heateor_sss_button_instagram span.heateor_sss_svg,a.heateor_sss_instagram span.heateor_sss_svg{background:radial-gradient(circle at 30% 107%,#fdf497 0,#fdf497 5%,#fd5949 45%,#d6249f 60%,#285aeb 90%)}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing .heateor_sss_svg,.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container .heateor_sss_svg{color:#fff;border-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{color:#666}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg:hover,.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg:hover{border-color:transparent;}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg,.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg{color:#fff;border-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{color:#666;}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg:hover,.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg:hover{border-color:transparent;}@media screen and (max-width:783px) {.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing{display:none!important}}div.heateor_sss_mobile_footer{display:none;}@media screen and (max-width:783px){div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{background-color:white}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing{width:100%!important;left:0!important;}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing a{width:16.666666666667% !important;}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateor_sss_svg{width: 100% !important;}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing div.heateorSssTotalShareCount{font-size:1em!important;line-height:28px!important}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing div.heateorSssTotalShareText{font-size:.7em!important;line-height:0px!important}div.heateor_sss_mobile_footer{display:block;height:40px;}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing{padding:0!important;display:block!important;width:auto!important;bottom:-2px!important;top: auto!important;}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateor_sss_square_count{line-height:inherit;}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateorSssSharingArrow{display:none;}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{margin-right:1.1em!important}} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='rvm_jvectormap_css-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/responsive-vector-maps/css/jquery-jvectormap-2.0.4.css?ver=6.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='rvm_general_css-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/responsive-vector-maps/css/rvm_general.css?ver=1.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='msl-main-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/master-slider/public/assets/css/masterslider.main.css?ver=3.9.9' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='msl-custom-css' href='https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/master-slider/custom.css?ver=2.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-for-wordpress/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=8.26.0" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */ var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/www.ned.org","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-D16R2Y00FE"};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/responsive-vector-maps/js/regions-data/jquery-jvectormap-2.0.3.min.js?ver=2.0.3" id="rvm_jquery-jvectormap-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/super-rss-reader--forked/public/srr-js.js?ver=6.5.4" id="super-rss-reader-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/js/jquery.bxslider.js?ver=6.5.4" id="jquery.bxslider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/js/modernizr-2.5.3.min.js?ver=6.5.4" id="modernizr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.js?ver=6.5.4" id="jquery-fancybox-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/js/jquery.lazyload.js?ver=6.5.4" id="jquery.lazyload-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/js/html5shiv.js?ver=6.5.4" id="html5shiv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="custom-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var data = {"adminurl":"https:\/\/www.ned.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","theamurl":"https:\/\/www.ned.org\/wp-content\/themes\/ned"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/js/custom.js?ver=6.5.4" id="custom-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/js/jquery.jqtransform.js?ver=6.5.4" id="jquery.jqtransform-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/js/jquery.countdown.min.js?ver=6.5.4" id="jquery.countdown.min-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.ned.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://www.ned.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/32" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.ned.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.ned.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ned.org%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.ned.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ned.org%2F&#038;format=xml" /> <script>var ms_grabbing_curosr = 'https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/master-slider/public/assets/css/common/grabbing.cur', ms_grab_curosr = 'https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/master-slider/public/assets/css/common/grab.cur';</script> <meta name="generator" content="MasterSlider 3.9.9 - Responsive Touch Image Slider | avt.li/msf" /> <!-- Stream WordPress user activity plugin v4.0.0 --> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-ned-favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-ned-favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-ned-favicon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cropped-ned-favicon-270x270.png" /> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-356463-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> </head> <body class="home page-template page-template-tp-home page-template-tp-home-php page page-id-32 _masterslider _ms_version_3.9.9 group-blog"> <div id="wrapper"> <main> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <div class="top-menu-sec"> <div class="top-menu"> <ul id="menu-topmenu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-12288" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12288"><a href="https://www.ned.org/press-room/">Press Room</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7671" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7671"><a href="https://www.ned.org/contact/">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> <ul id="menu-language-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-7699" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.ned.org/apply-for-grant/">Apply for a Grant</a></li> <li id="menu-item-211" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.ned.org/apply-for-grant/fr/">Une demande de subvention</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7698" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.ned.org/apply-for-grant/pt/">Solicitar um subsídio</a></li> <li id="menu-item-209" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.ned.org/apply-for-grant/ru/">подать заявку на грант</a></li> <li id="menu-item-208" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.ned.org/apply-for-grant/es/">Aplicar a una subvención</a></li> <li id="menu-item-207" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.ned.org/apply-for-grant/ar/">التقدم بطلب للحصول على منحة</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7861" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.ned.org/apply-for-grant/fa/">درخواست برای کمک مالی</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="logo-sec"> <div class="logo"> <a href="https://www.ned.org/"><img src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/images/logo.png" alt="NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY" /></a> </div> <div class="logo-rgt"> <a class="agent-btn" href="/apply-for-grant/">Apply for a Grant</a> <div class="search-icon"></div> <div class="search-form"> <form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform search-box" action="https://www.ned.org/"> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="" class="search-btn" /> <input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" class="search-text" placeholder="START TYPING..."/> </form> </div> <div class="social-media-clear"></div> <div class="social-media"><ul><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/National.Endowment.for.Democracy" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/nedemocracy" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/nationalendowmentfordemocracy" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-endowment-for-democracy/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/nedemocracy/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li><li><a class="do-subscribe" href="http://eepurl.com/gpmc3D" target="_blank">Subscribe</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="navigation-sec"> <div class=" large-container"> <button class="toggle-btn"></button> <div class="nav-main"> <div class="navigation-lft"> <ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-329" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-329"><a href="https://www.ned.org/apply-for-grant/">GRANTS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7679"><a href="https://www.ned.org/regions/">Regions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4316" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4316"><a href="http://www.ned.org/about/">About</a> <div class='sub-menu' ><ul> <li id="menu-item-13123" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13123"><a href="https://www.ned.org/about/">About the National Endowment for Democracy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4317" class="breakmenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4317"><a href="#">Who We Are</a> <ul> <li id="menu-item-4319" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4319"><a href="https://www.ned.org/experts/damon-wilson">Meet Our President &#038; CEO</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8362" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8362"><a href="https://www.ned.org/about/board-of-directors/">Board of Directors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8356" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8356"><a href="https://www.ned.org/about/staff/">Staff</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8359" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8359"><a href="https://www.ned.org/about/experts/">Experts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-7676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7676"><a href="https://www.ned.org/about/history/">History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7834" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7834"><a href="https://www.ned.org/about/how-we-work/">How We Work</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12282" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12282"><a href="http://www.ned.org/democracy-story/">Democracy Stories</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7701" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7701"><a href="https://www.ned.org/about/faqs/">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4321" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4321"><a href="https://www.ned.org/featured-publications/">NED PUBLICATIONS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7705" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7705"><a href="https://www.ned.org/about/jobs/">Careers</a></li> </ul></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="navigation-rgt"> <ul id="menu-secondary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-7687" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-7687"><a href="https://www.ned.org/fellowships/">Fellowships</a> <div class='sub-menu' ><ul> <li id="menu-item-8485" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8485"><a href="https://www.ned.org/fellowships/">Fellowships</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7879" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-7879"><a href="https://www.ned.org/fellowships/reagan-fascell-democracy-fellows-program/">Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellows</a> <ul> <li id="menu-item-17368" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-17368"><a href="http://www.ned.org/fellowships/reagan-fascell-democracy-fellows-program/applying-for-a-fellowship/">Apply for a Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellowship</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7871" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7871"><a href="https://www.ned.org/fellowships/current-fellows/">Current Fellows</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-7877" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7877"><a href="https://www.ned.org/fellowships/hurford-youth-fellows-program/">Hurford Youth Fellows</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17782" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-17782"><a href="https://www.ned.org/fellowships/penn-kemble-forum-on-democracy/">Penn Kemble Forum Fellows</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7874" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7874"><a href="https://www.ned.org/fellowships/visiting-fellows-program/">Visiting Fellows</a></li> </ul></div> </li> <li id="menu-item-37191" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-37191"><a href="https://www.ned.org/events/">Events</a> <div class='sub-menu' ><ul> <li id="menu-item-11810" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11810"><a href="http://www.ned.org/democracy-award/">Democracy Award</a> <ul> <li id="menu-item-39686" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-39686"><a href="https://www.ned.org/2024-democracy-award/">2024 Democracy Award</a></li> <li id="menu-item-38410" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-38410"><a href="https://www.ned.org/2023-democracy-award/">2023 Democracy Award</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-14995" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14995"><a href="http://www.ned.org/democracy-award/democracy-service-medal/">Democracy Service Medal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-11785" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11785"><a href="https://www.ned.org/seymour-martin-lipset-lecture-on-democracy-in-the-world/">Lipset Lecture Series</a></li> </ul></div> </li> <li id="menu-item-7686" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-7686"><a href="https://www.ned.org/ideas/">Ideas</a> <div class='sub-menu' ><ul> <li id="menu-item-8486" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8486"><a href="https://www.ned.org/ideas/">International Forum for Democratic Studies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7850" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7850"><a href="https://www.ned.org/ideas/about-the-forum/">About the Forum</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-20675"><a href="https://www.ned.org/ideas/priority-areas/">Forum Priority Areas</a> <ul> <li id="menu-item-36037" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36037"><a href="https://www.ned.org/combating-transnational-kleptocracy/">Combating Transnational Kleptocracy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-36038" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36038"><a href="https://www.ned.org/countering-authoritarian-influence/">Countering Authoritarian Influence</a></li> <li id="menu-item-36039" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36039"><a href="https://www.ned.org/emerging-technologies-and-democracy/">Emerging Technologies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-36040" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36040"><a href="https://www.ned.org/defending-the-integrity-of-the-information-space/">Information Space Integrity</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-20674" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20674"><a href="https://www.ned.org/ideas/publications/">Forum Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-36044" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36044"><a href="https://www.power3point0.org/">Power 3.0 Blog &#038; Podcast</a></li> <li id="menu-item-36041" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36041"><a href="https://sharppower.org">Sharp Power Research Portal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23245" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-23245"><a href="https://www.ned.org/ideas/democracy-resource-center/">Democracy Resource Center</a></li> <li id="menu-item-36043" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36043"><a href="https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/">Journal of Democracy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8246" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8246"><a href="/category/forum">Forum News Feed</a></li> <li id="menu-item-36042" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36042"><a href="https://www.ned.org/events/">Forum Events</a></li> </ul></div> </li> <li id="menu-item-37596" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-37596"><a href="https://www.ned.org/category/news/">News</a></li> </ul> </div> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-box-mobile" action="https://www.ned.org/"> <input type="submit" value="" class="search-btn" /> <input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" class="search-text" placeholder="START TYPING"/> </form> </div> </div> <div class="clear-nav"></div> </nav> </header> <div class="home-page"> <div class="large-container"> <div class="home-slider-main"> <div class="home-slider-sec"> <ul class="main-slider"> <li> <div class="img-block" style="background-image: url(https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NED-Lipset-Lecture-SP-Cover-002.png);"> <img alt="" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NED-Lipset-Lecture-SP-Cover-002.png" /> </div> <div class="banner-description"> <h2>2024 Lipset Lecture: Democracy and Autocracy in the Russo-Ukrainian War</h2> <p>On December 11, the 2024 Seymour Martin Lipset Lecture on Democracy in the World will be delivered by Serhii Plokhii, Professor of Ukrainian History and the Director of the Ukrainian Research Institute at Harvard University.</p> <span class="readmore-btn"><a href="https://www.ned.org/events/twenty-first-annual-seymour-martin-lipset-lecture-serhii-plokhii-on-david-vs-goliath-democracy-and-autocracy-in-the-russo-ukrainian-war/">READ MORE</a></span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="img-block" style="background-image: url(https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1233340868-scaled-1.jpg);"> <img alt="" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-1233340868-scaled-1.jpg" /> </div> <div class="banner-description"> <h2>Journal of Democracy: How Dictators Use Financial Repression Against Their Opponents</h2> <p>Félix Maradiaga has experienced financial repression in Nicaragua firsthand. His latest piece in the Journal of Democracy explores how new tools offer a lifeline for activists fighting repressive states.</p> <span class="readmore-btn"><a href="https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/how-dictators-use-financial-repression-against-their-opponents/">READ MORE</a></span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="img-block" style="background-image: url(https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-525582146-scaled.jpg);"> <img alt="" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-525582146-scaled.jpg" /> </div> <div class="banner-description"> <h2>Democracy at Thirty: South Africa’s Triumph and NED’s Enduring Impact</h2> <p>As South Africa looks to the future, lessons from NED's grantmaking offer a blueprint for supporting democratic resilience worldwide.</p> <span class="readmore-btn"><a href="https://www.ned.org/democracy-at-thirty/">READ MORE</a></span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="img-block" style="background-image: url(https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/a3b8f1e0-f504-531b-a804-74f491fb5581.png);"> <img alt="" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/a3b8f1e0-f504-531b-a804-74f491fb5581.png" /> </div> <div class="banner-description"> <h2>Stronger Together: Coalitions as a Catalyst for Information Integrity</h2> <p>A new report from the International Forum for Democratic Studies explores how coalitions provide civil society organizations with a powerful framework to fight back against authoritarians exploiting the information space.</p> <span class="readmore-btn"><a href="https://www.ned.org/stronger-together-coalitions-as-a-catalyst-for-information-integrity/">READ MORE</a></span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="img-block" style="background-image: url(https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Irene-Mwendwa-Pollicy-copy-min-scaled.jpg);"> <img alt="" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Irene-Mwendwa-Pollicy-copy-min-scaled.jpg" /> </div> <div class="banner-description"> <h2>Forum Q&A: Irene Mwendwa on Women, Data, and Democracy</h2> <p>In a new expert Q&A, Beth Kerley of the International Forum for Democratic Studies discussed the challenge of AI and democracy in Africa with Irene Mwendwa, executive director of NED grantee Pollicy.</p> <span class="readmore-btn"><a href="https://www.ned.org/forum-qa-irene-mwendwa-on-women-data-and-democracy/">READ MORE</a></span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="img-block" style="background-image: url(https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/f023ce14-0966-015c-3633-bad280051e7e.jpg);"> <img alt="" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/f023ce14-0966-015c-3633-bad280051e7e.jpg" /> </div> <div class="banner-description"> <h2>CIMA Report: Breaking Barriers</h2> <p>A new report from NED's Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) and the Fojo Media Institute analyzes the systemic issues that women journalists face and how to push for gender equality.</p> <span class="readmore-btn"><a href="https://www.cima.ned.org/publication/breaking-barriers-a-whole-of-society-approach-to-gender-equality-in-media-development/">READ MORE</a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="home-slider-rgt-box"> <span class="small-title">WHO WE ARE</span> <h2>THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY</h2> <div class="home-slider-rgt-des">The National Endowment for Democracy (NED) is a private, nonprofit foundation dedicated to the growth and strengthening of democratic institutions around the world. Each year, NED makes more than 2,000 grants to support the projects of non-governmental groups abroad who are working for democratic goals in more than 100 countries. </div> <span class="learn-more-btn"><a href="http://www.ned.org/about/">LEARN MORE</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="home-blog-listing"> <div class="leftside-content"> <div class="map-section"><div data-plugin="responsive-vector-maps" data-ver="6.6.2" class="map-container rvm-map-container" id="world-map-21359" ></div><script type="text/javascript">( function($) { $(function(){var markers = [{latLng: [50.3785, 14.9706 ],name: "Central & Eastern", weburl : "/region/central-and-eastern-europe" } ,{latLng: [-4.442039, -61.326854 ],name: "Latin America &", weburl : "/region/latin-america-and-caribbean" } ,{latLng: [-3.7, 25 ],name: "Africa", weburl : "/region/africa" } ,{latLng: [29.2985, 42.5510 ],name: "Middle East &", weburl : "/region/middle-east-and-northern-africa" } ,{latLng: [66.0266501, 92.7256534 ],name: "Eurasia", weburl : "/region/eurasia" } ,{latLng: [38.1760581, 100.8845135 ],name: "Asia", weburl : "/region/asia" } ];var marker_dimensions = [100,100,100,100,100,100];var marker_popup = ["Europe","Caribbean","","Northern Africa","",""];var region_background = {};var region_popup = {};var map = new jvm.Map({ container: $("#world-map-21359"), map: "world_merc_en" , regionsSelectable: false, regionStyle: { initial: { fill: "#4184bf", "fill-opacity": 1, stroke: "#1e73be", "stroke-width": 1}, hover: { "fill": "#0C4CA3", "fill-opacity" : 1 }, selected: { fill: "#FFFFFF" }}, backgroundColor: "#004992", zoomButtons: false, zoomOnScroll: false, onRegionOver : function(event, code){region_over = true ;if( region_over ) { event.preventDefault(); } }, onRegionOut: function(element, code, region) { document.body.style.cursor = "default"; }, onRegionClick : function(event, code){}, series: { markers: [{ attribute: "r", scale: [4, 12] , values: marker_dimensions }] }, markers: markers, onMarkerTipShow: function(event, label, code) {label.html( label.html() + '<br>' + marker_popup[code] );}, onMarkerClick: function(event, index) {if( markers[index].weburl ) { window.location.assign( markers[index].weburl ) ; } }, markerStyle: {initial: { fill: "#76cdf2", stroke: "#1e73be" }}});});})(jQuery);</script><script type="text/javascript">( function($) {var map_container_width = $( "#world-map-21359").width();var map_container_height = map_container_width / 1.5435268; $("#world-map-21359").css( { "height" : map_container_height , "max-height" : map_container_height } );$( window ).resize( function() {var map_container_width = $( "#world-map-21359").width();var map_container_height = map_container_width / 1.5435268; $( "#world-map-21359").css( { "height" : map_container_height , "max-height" : map_container_height } );});})(jQuery);</script> <div class="map-content"> <div class="plus-icon"> <i class="fa fa-plus"></i> </div> <div class="map-desc"> <h2>Where Ned Works</h2> <span class="small-title">CLICK ON A REGION TO EXPLORE GRANTS</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="related-events"><div class="block-content"><div class="col-1 related-item"><div class="event-detail"><div class="featured_img_bg" style="background-image: url(https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/President-Ronald-Reagan-008.jpg)"></div><h2>About the National Endowment for Democracy</h2><p>The Endowment is both a keystone of President Ronald Reagan’s legacy and a rare example of bipartisan cooperation and solidarity.</p><span class="learn-more-btn"><a href="https://www.ned.org/about">Learn More</a></span></div><div class="img-block-bg" style="background-image: url('https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Ojo-Público-Peru-homepage-400x230.png')"><div class="album_description"><div class="albumcontent"><a href="https://www.ned.org/category/democracy-stories/" class="button">Learn More About NED-Supported Activists Around the World<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></div></div></div></div><div class="col-2 related-item"><div class="apppy-grant"><h2>Interested in working at NED?</h2><span class="readmore-btn"><a href="http://bit.ly/2xuyYJI">See all job openings</a></span></div><div class="start-block"><h2>100+</h2><p># OF COUNTRIES WE WORK WITH EACH YEAR</p></div></div></div></div> </div> <div class="right-sidebar"> <h2>#NEDEvents</h2> <div class="event"> <div class="event-block"> <div class="event-img"> <a href="https://www.ned.org/events/twenty-first-annual-seymour-martin-lipset-lecture-serhii-plokhii-on-david-vs-goliath-democracy-and-autocracy-in-the-russo-ukrainian-war/"> <span class="date">Dec 11</span> <img src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Lipset-Lecture_1292024-400x250.png" alt=""/> </a> </div> <div class="event-desc"> <h3>"Twenty-First Annual Seymour Martin Lipset Lecture: Serhii Plokhii on “David..."</h3> <div class="time"> 05:30 PM - 06:30 PM </div> <p> The 2024 Seymour Martin Lipset Lecture on Democracy in the World will be delivered by Serhii Plokhii, the... </p> <span class="readmore-btn"><a href="https://www.ned.org/events/twenty-first-annual-seymour-martin-lipset-lecture-serhii-plokhii-on-david-vs-goliath-democracy-and-autocracy-in-the-russo-ukrainian-war/">READ MORE</a></span> </div> </div> <span class="readmore-btn event-all"><a href="https://www.ned.org/events/">VIEW ALL EVENTS</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container posts-row" > <div class="latest-news-content"> <span class="small-title">WHAT WE’RE UP TO</span> <h2>LATEST NEWS</h2> <div class="news-list"> <span class="date">November 05, 2024</span> <div class="share no-cursor" href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="fa fa-mail-forward"></i>Share</div> <a class="share " target="_blank" href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.ned.org/democracy-at-thirty/&title=%22Democracy+at+Thirty%3A+South+Africa%27s+Triumph+and+NED%27s+Enduring+Impact%22+">Facebook</a><a class="share" target="_blank" href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?status=%22Democracy+at+Thirty%3A+South+Africa%27s+Triumph+and+NED%27s+Enduring+Impact%22++https://www.ned.org/democracy-at-thirty/">twitter</a><a class="share" href="https://api.addthis.com/oexchange/0.8/forward/email/offer?url=https://www.ned.org/democracy-at-thirty/&pubid=ra-553f24543dbd3571&ct=1&title=%22Democracy+at+Thirty%3A+South+Africa%27s+Triumph+and+NED%27s+Enduring+Impact%22+" target="_blank">Email To Friend</a><div class = 'home-news-image' style = 'background: url(https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-525582146-400x250.jpg) no-repeat center center; background-size:cover' ></div> <div class = "home-news-content"> <a href="https://www.ned.org/democracy-at-thirty/"><h3>Democracy at Thirty: South Africa's Triumph and NED's Enduring...</h3></a> <p>As South Africa looks to the future, lessons from NED's grantmaking offer a blueprint for supporting democratic resilience worldwide.</p> </div> </div> <div class="news-list"> <span class="date">September 26, 2024</span> <div class="share no-cursor" href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="fa fa-mail-forward"></i>Share</div> <a class="share " target="_blank" href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.ned.org/2023-2024-reagan-fascell-democracy-fellows/&title=%22Celebrating+the+2023%E2%80%932024+Reagan-Fascell+Democracy+Fellows%22+">Facebook</a><a class="share" target="_blank" href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?status=%22Celebrating+the+2023%E2%80%932024+Reagan-Fascell+Democracy+Fellows%22++https://www.ned.org/2023-2024-reagan-fascell-democracy-fellows/">twitter</a><a class="share" href="https://api.addthis.com/oexchange/0.8/forward/email/offer?url=https://www.ned.org/2023-2024-reagan-fascell-democracy-fellows/&pubid=ra-553f24543dbd3571&ct=1&title=%22Celebrating+the+2023%E2%80%932024+Reagan-Fascell+Democracy+Fellows%22+" target="_blank">Email To Friend</a><div class = 'home-news-image' style = 'background: url(https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Fellows-with-Damon-and-Z-400x250.jpg) no-repeat center center; background-size:cover' ></div> <div class = "home-news-content"> <a href="https://www.ned.org/2023-2024-reagan-fascell-democracy-fellows/"><h3>Celebrating the 2023–2024 Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellows</h3></a> <p>The 2023–2024 cohort of Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellows brought an incredible wealth of experience, sharp strategic vision, and a spirit of solidarity to NED.</p> </div> </div> <div class="news-list"> <span class="date">September 19, 2024</span> <div class="share no-cursor" href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="fa fa-mail-forward"></i>Share</div> <a class="share " target="_blank" href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.ned.org/ned-celebrates-release-of-vladimir-kara-murza-and-15-russian-political-prisoners-recommits-to-those-still-behind-bars/&title=%22NED+Celebrates+Release+of+Vladimir+Kara-Murza+and+15+Russian+Political+Prisoners%3B+Recommits+to+Those+Still+Behind+Bars%22+">Facebook</a><a class="share" target="_blank" href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?status=%22NED+Celebrates+Release+of+Vladimir+Kara-Murza+and+15+Russian+Political+Prisoners%3B+Recommits+to+Those+Still+Behind+Bars%22++https://www.ned.org/ned-celebrates-release-of-vladimir-kara-murza-and-15-russian-political-prisoners-recommits-to-those-still-behind-bars/">twitter</a><a class="share" href="https://api.addthis.com/oexchange/0.8/forward/email/offer?url=https://www.ned.org/ned-celebrates-release-of-vladimir-kara-murza-and-15-russian-political-prisoners-recommits-to-those-still-behind-bars/&pubid=ra-553f24543dbd3571&ct=1&title=%22NED+Celebrates+Release+of+Vladimir+Kara-Murza+and+15+Russian+Political+Prisoners%3B+Recommits+to+Those+Still+Behind+Bars%22+" target="_blank">Email To Friend</a><div class = 'home-news-image' style = 'background: url(https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Sept-16-400x250.jpg) no-repeat center center; background-size:cover' ></div> <div class = "home-news-content"> <a href="https://www.ned.org/ned-celebrates-release-of-vladimir-kara-murza-and-15-russian-political-prisoners-recommits-to-those-still-behind-bars/"><h3>NED Celebrates Release of Vladimir Kara-Murza and 15 Russian...</h3></a> <p>A bipartisan group of Members of Congress, government leaders, and an active network of civil society organizations gathered to recognize the Kara-Murzas and those still imprisoned by the Kremlin.</p> </div> </div> <div class="news-list"> <span class="date">September 16, 2024</span> <div class="share no-cursor" href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="fa fa-mail-forward"></i>Share</div> <a class="share " target="_blank" href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.ned.org/getting-ahead-of-digital-repression-authoritarian-innovation-and-democratic-response/&title=%22Getting+Ahead+of+Digital+Repression%3A+Authoritarian+Innovation+and+Democratic+Response%22+">Facebook</a><a class="share" target="_blank" href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?status=%22Getting+Ahead+of+Digital+Repression%3A+Authoritarian+Innovation+and+Democratic+Response%22++https://www.ned.org/getting-ahead-of-digital-repression-authoritarian-innovation-and-democratic-response/">twitter</a><a class="share" href="https://api.addthis.com/oexchange/0.8/forward/email/offer?url=https://www.ned.org/getting-ahead-of-digital-repression-authoritarian-innovation-and-democratic-response/&pubid=ra-553f24543dbd3571&ct=1&title=%22Getting+Ahead+of+Digital+Repression%3A+Authoritarian+Innovation+and+Democratic+Response%22+" target="_blank">Email To Friend</a><div class = 'home-news-image' style = 'background: url(https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/shutterstock_1062285074-400x250.jpg) no-repeat center center; background-size:cover' ></div> <div class = "home-news-content"> <a href="https://www.ned.org/getting-ahead-of-digital-repression-authoritarian-innovation-and-democratic-response/"><h3>Getting Ahead of Digital Repression: Authoritarian Innovation...</h3></a> <p>In April 2024, the Hoover Institution's project on China’s Global Sharp Power, Stanford University’s Global Digital Policy Incubator, and the National Endowment for Democracy’s International Forum for Democratic Studies held a closed-door,...</p> </div> </div> <div class="news-list"> <span class="date">September 13, 2024</span> <div class="share no-cursor" href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="fa fa-mail-forward"></i>Share</div> <a class="share " target="_blank" href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.ned.org/ned-welcomes-victoria-nuland-to-the-board-of-directors/&title=%22NED+Welcomes+Victoria+Nuland+to+the+Board+of+Directors%22+">Facebook</a><a class="share" target="_blank" href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?status=%22NED+Welcomes+Victoria+Nuland+to+the+Board+of+Directors%22++https://www.ned.org/ned-welcomes-victoria-nuland-to-the-board-of-directors/">twitter</a><a class="share" href="https://api.addthis.com/oexchange/0.8/forward/email/offer?url=https://www.ned.org/ned-welcomes-victoria-nuland-to-the-board-of-directors/&pubid=ra-553f24543dbd3571&ct=1&title=%22NED+Welcomes+Victoria+Nuland+to+the+Board+of+Directors%22+" target="_blank">Email To Friend</a><div class = 'home-news-image' style = 'background: url(https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/VN_PhotoResize-1-400x250.jpg) no-repeat center center; background-size:cover' ></div> <div class = "home-news-content"> <a href="https://www.ned.org/ned-welcomes-victoria-nuland-to-the-board-of-directors/"><h3>NED Welcomes Victoria Nuland to the Board of Directors</h3></a> <p>Veteran US diplomat Ambassador Victoria Nuland is joining the NED Board of Directors, bringing a wealth of knowledge and insights that will greatly contribute to NED’s mission.</p> </div> </div> <span class="readmore-btn post"><a href="https://www.ned.org/category/news/">VIEW ALL POSTS</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="initiatives-sec"> <div class="large-container"> <h2>Initiatives of the National Endowment for Democracy</h2> <div class="initiatives-blogs"> <ul> <li> <div class="img"> <img src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/initiatives-img-1.jpg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="content"> <h3>WORLD MOVEMENT FOR DEMOCRACY</h3> <p>A network of activists, practitioners, scholars, policy makers, and funders who work</p> <span class="readmore-btn"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ned.org/world-movement-for-democracy/">READ MORE</a></span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="img"> <img src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ned_forum_wm_2021.jpg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="content"> <h3>INTERNATIONAL FORUM FOR DEMOCRATIC STUDIES</h3> <p>The Forum strives to bridge the gap between academic research and the practice of democracy.</p> <span class="readmore-btn"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ned.org/ideas/about-the-forum/">READ MORE</a></span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="img"> <img src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/journal_of_democracy.png" alt="" /> </div> <div class="content"> <h3>journal of democracy</h3> <p>The Journal of Democracy is the world’s leading publication on the theory and practice of democracy</p> <span class="readmore-btn"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ned.org/journal-of-democracy/">READ MORE</a></span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="img"> <img src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cima_wm_2021.jpg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="content"> <h3>CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL MEDIA ASSISTANCE</h3> <p>Raises the visibility and improves the effectiveness of media development around the world.</p> <span class="readmore-btn"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ned.org/center-for-international-media-assistance/">READ MORE</a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-sec"> <div class="large-container"> <div class="footer-main"> <div class="footer-logo"> <a href="https://www.ned.org/"><img src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/themes/ned/images/footer-logo-2.png" alt="NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY" /></a> </div> <div class="contact"> <div class="contact-detail"> <span class="small-title">CONTACT US</span> <a class="phone" href="callto:http://(202)%20378-9700">(202) 378-9700</a> | <a class="info-mail" href="mailto:http://INFO@NED.ORG">INFO@NED.ORG</a> | <a class="info-mail" href="/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> <div class="subscribe-btn"> <a href="http://eepurl.com/gpmc3D">SUBSCRIBE TODAY</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copyright-sec"> <div class="large-container"> <div class="copyright-main"> <div class="social-media"><ul><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/National.Endowment.for.Democracy" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/nedemocracy" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/nationalendowmentfordemocracy" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-endowment-for-democracy/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/nedemocracy/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li></ul></div><p>1201 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20004</p> </div> <div class="footer-link"> <!-- --> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=5.9.4" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/www.ned.org\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.9.4" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0" id="imagesloaded-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js?ver=4.2.2" id="masonry-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="heateor_sss_sharing_js-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function heateorSssLoadEvent(e) {var t=window.onload;if (typeof window.onload!="function") {window.onload=e}else{window.onload=function() {t();e()}}}; var heateorSssSharingAjaxUrl = 'https://www.ned.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php', heateorSssCloseIconPath = 'https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/../images/close.png', heateorSssPluginIconPath = 'https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/../images/logo.png', heateorSssHorizontalSharingCountEnable = 0, heateorSssVerticalSharingCountEnable = 0, heateorSssSharingOffset = -10; var heateorSssMobileStickySharingEnabled = 1;var heateorSssCopyLinkMessage = "Link copied.";var heateorSssUrlCountFetched = [], heateorSssSharesText = 'Shares', heateorSssShareText = 'Share';function heateorSssPopup(e) {window.open(e,"popUpWindow","height=400,width=600,left=400,top=100,resizable,scrollbars,toolbar=0,personalbar=0,menubar=no,location=no,directories=no,status")} /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/js/sassy-social-share-public.js?ver=3.3.63" id="heateor_sss_sharing_js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/responsive-vector-maps/js/regions-data/jquery-jvectormap-world_merc_en.js?ver=6.5.4" id="rvm_jquery-jvectormap-world_merc_js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/plugins/responsive-vector-maps/js/rvm_toggle_default_cards.js?ver=6.5.4" id="rvm_toggle_default_cards_js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"c8eb398605","applicationID":"9433139","transactionName":"NlBXNhEADxcCAEBRWg8adAEXCA4KTBdEFV0OWFA=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":619,"atts":"GhdUQFkaHBk=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10