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aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wikipedia</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biographies of living persons</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Project page</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Biographies_of_living_persons" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li 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id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.viewsource" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-viewsource"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--editLock"></span> <span>View source</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia policy on material about living persons</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the guideline on whether a person is sufficiently noteworthy to have an article, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (people)">Wikipedia:Notability (people)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/30px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/45px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/60px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This page documents an English Wikipedia <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">policy</a>.</b><div style="font-size: 90%;">It describes a widely accepted standard that all editors should <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">normally</a> follow. Changes made to it should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PGCHANGE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PGCHANGE">consensus</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLP"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLP&redirect=no">WP:BLP</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><strong>Report problems about particular biographical material on Wikipedia</strong> to the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons/Noticeboard">biographies of living persons noticeboard</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">See also <a href="#Dealing_with_articles_about_yourself">§ Dealing with articles about yourself</a>, below.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b> Material about living persons added to <em>any</em> Wikipedia page must be written with the greatest care and attention to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiability</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">avoidance of original research</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Do_you_find_this_page_confusing?_Do_you_need_help?" style="border: 2px ridge #CAE1FF; font-size: 100%;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks noprint mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #CCB3FF;"><div id="Do_you_find_this_page_confusing?_Do_you_need_help?" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Do you find this page confusing? Do you need help?</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd vlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding: 0.75em 0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Special:MyTalk"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:MyTalk&action=edit&section=new&preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload&preloadtitle=Help+me%21">Just use this link to ask for help on your talk page</a></span>; a volunteer will visit you there shortly!</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Contactus-wmcolors.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Contactus-wmcolors.svg/220px-Contactus-wmcolors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Contactus-wmcolors.svg/330px-Contactus-wmcolors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Contactus-wmcolors.svg/440px-Contactus-wmcolors.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1050"></a><figcaption>If you have a complaint about a biography of a living person, and you wish to contact the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, see <strong><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/about/contact" class="extiw" title="foundationsite:about/contact">contact us</a></strong>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Editors must take particular care when adding <b>information about living persons</b> to <em>any</em> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> page, including but not limited to articles, talk pages, project pages, and drafts.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such material requires a high degree of sensitivity, and must adhere <em>strictly</em> to all applicable laws in the United States, to this policy, and to Wikipedia's three core content policies: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a> (NPOV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a> (V)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a> (NOR)</li></ul> <p>Wikipedia must get the article <em>right</em>. Be very firm about the use of high-quality <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. All quotations and any material <strong>challenged or likely to be challenged</strong> must be supported by an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citation</a> to a reliable, published source. Contentious material about living persons (or, in some cases, recently deceased) that is unsourced or poorly sourced—whether the material is negative, positive, neutral, or just questionable—must be <strong>removed immediately and without waiting for discussion</strong>.<sup id="cite_ref-ZeroInformation_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZeroInformation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Users who persistently or egregiously violate this policy may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked from editing</a>. </p><p>Biographies of living persons ("BLPs") must be written conservatively and with regard for the subject's privacy. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOT">Wikipedia is an encyclopedia</a>, not a <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">tabloid</a>: it is not Wikipedia's job to be sensationalist, or to be the primary vehicle for the spread of titillating claims about people's lives; the possibility of harm to living subjects must always be considered when exercising editorial judgment. This policy applies to any living person mentioned in a BLP, whether or not that person is the subject of the article, and to material about living persons in other articles and on other pages, including talk pages.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Responsibility_for_providing_citations" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">burden of evidence</a> rests with the editor who adds or restores the material. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#082849}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#082849}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239945185">.mw-parser-output .content-policy-list{width:200px;clear:right}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks help-box noprint content-policy-list plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_policies" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Content policies">Content policies</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biographies of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image use policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Content_policy_list" title="Template:Content policy list"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Content_policy_list" title="Template talk:Content policy list"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Content_policy_list" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Content policy list"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Writing_style"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Writing style</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Tone"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Tone</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Balance"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Balance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Attack_pages"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Attack pages</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Reliable_sources"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Reliable sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Challenged_or_likely_to_be_challenged"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Challenged or likely to be challenged</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Avoid_misuse_of_primary_sources"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Avoid misuse of primary sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Self-published_sources"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Self-published sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Avoid_self-published_sources"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Avoid self-published sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Using_the_subject_as_a_self-published_source"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Using the subject as a self-published source</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Avoid_gossip_and_feedback_loops"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Avoid gossip and feedback loops</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Remove contentious material that is unsourced or poorly sourced</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Further_reading,_External_links,_and_See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading, External links, and See also</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Presumption in favor of privacy</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Avoid_victimization"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Avoid victimization</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Public_figures"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Public figures</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#People_who_are_relatively_unknown"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">People who are relatively unknown</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Privacy_of_personal_information_and_using_primary_sources"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Privacy of personal information and using primary sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Privacy_of_names"><span class="tocnumber">3.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Privacy of names</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Subjects_notable_only_for_one_event"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Subjects notable only for one event</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#People_accused_of_crime"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">People accused of crime</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Use_in_continued_disputes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Use in continued disputes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Applicability"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Applicability</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Non-article_space"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Non-article space</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Usernames"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Usernames</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Images"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Recently_dead_or_probably_dead"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Recently dead or probably dead</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Legal_persons_and_groups"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">Legal persons and groups</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Maintenance"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Maintenance</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Importance"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Importance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Templates"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Templates</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Relationship between the subject, the article, and Wikipedia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Dealing_with_edits_by_the_subject_of_the_article"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Dealing with edits by the subject of the article</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Dealing_with_articles_about_yourself"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dealing with articles about yourself</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Legal_issues"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Legal issues</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#How_to_contact_the_Wikimedia_Foundation"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">How to contact the Wikimedia Foundation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Wikimedia_Foundation_resolution"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Wikimedia Foundation resolution</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Role_of_administrators"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Role of administrators</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Page_protection_and_blocks"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Page protection and blocks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Contentious_topics"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Contentious topics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Deletion"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Deletion</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-43"><a href="#Summary_deletion,_creation_prevention,_and_courtesy_blanking"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Summary deletion, creation prevention, and courtesy blanking</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-44"><a href="#Relatively_unknown_subjects"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Relatively unknown subjects</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-45"><a href="#Restoration"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Restoration</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-46"><a href="#Proposals"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Proposals</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="#Foundation_policies_and_resolutions"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Foundation policies and resolutions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="#Arbitration_cases"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Arbitration cases</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="#Policies"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">Policies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="#Guidelines"><span class="tocnumber">9.4</span> <span class="toctext">Guidelines</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="#Requests_for_comment"><span class="tocnumber">9.5</span> <span class="toctext">Requests for comment</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="#FAQs"><span class="tocnumber">9.6</span> <span class="toctext">FAQs</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54"><a href="#Essays"><span class="tocnumber">9.7</span> <span class="toctext">Essays</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-55"><a href="#Discussion_forums"><span class="tocnumber">9.8</span> <span class="toctext">Discussion forums</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="#Related_pages"><span class="tocnumber">9.9</span> <span class="toctext">Related pages</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-59"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Writing_style" data-mw-thread-id="h-Writing_style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Writing_style"></span>Writing style<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Writing_style"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPSTYLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPSTYLE&redirect=no">WP:BLPSTYLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tone" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tone-Writing_style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Tone-Writing_style"></span>Tone<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Tone-Writing_style"></span></h3></div> <p>BLPs should be written responsibly, cautiously, and in a dispassionate tone, avoiding both understatement and overstatement. Articles should document in a non-partisan manner what reliable <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary sources</a> have published about the subjects, and <a href="#Using_the_subject_as_a_self-published_source">in some circumstances</a> what the subjects have published about themselves. Summarize how actions and achievements are characterized by reliable sources without giving undue weight to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RECENTISM" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RECENTISM">recent events</a>. Do not label people with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LABEL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LABEL">contentious labels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PEACOCK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PEACOCK">loaded language</a>, or terms that lack precision, unless a person is commonly described that way in reliable sources. Instead use clear, direct language and let facts alone do the talking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balance" data-mw-thread-id="h-Balance-Writing_style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Balance-Writing_style"></span>Balance<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Balance-Writing_style"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPBALANCE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPBALANCE&redirect=no">WP:BLPBALANCE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Coatrack_articles" title="Wikipedia:Coatrack articles">Wikipedia:Coatrack articles</a></div> <p>Criticism and praise should be included if they can be sourced to reliable secondary sources, so long as the material is presented responsibly, conservatively, and in a disinterested tone. Do not give <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">disproportionate space</a> to particular viewpoints; the views of small minorities should not be included at all. Care must be taken with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Article_structure" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">article structure</a> to ensure the overall presentation and section headings are broadly neutral. Beware of <a href="/wiki/Association_fallacy" title="Association fallacy">claims that rely on guilt by association</a>, and biased, malicious or overly promotional content. </p><p>The idea expressed in <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Eventualism" class="extiw" title="meta:Eventualism">Eventualism</a>—that every Wikipedia article is a work in progress, and that it is therefore okay for an article to be <i>temporarily</i> unbalanced because it will eventually be brought into shape—does <em>not</em> apply to biographies. Given their potential impact on biography subjects' lives, biographies must be fair to their subjects at all times. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attack_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Attack_pages-Writing_style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Attack_pages-Writing_style"></span>Attack pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Attack_pages-Writing_style"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attack_page" title="Wikipedia:Attack page">Wikipedia:Attack page</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion#G10" title="Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion">Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion § G10</a></div> <p>Pages that are unsourced and negative in tone, especially when they appear to have been created primarily to disparage the subject, should be deleted at once if there is no policy-compliant version to revert to; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">see <a href="#Summary_deletion,_creation_prevention,_and_courtesy_blanking">§ Summary deletion, creation prevention, and courtesy blanking</a>, below</span>. Non-administrators should tag them with <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Db-attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Db-attack">db-attack</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> or <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Db-negublp" title="Template:Db-negublp">db-negublp</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. Creation of such pages, especially when repeated or in bad faith, is grounds for immediate blocking. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Reliable_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Reliable_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Reliable_sources"></span>Reliable sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Reliable_sources"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPRS"></span><span id="WP:BLPSOURCES"></span><span id="WP:BLPSOURCE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPRS&redirect=no">WP:BLPRS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPSOURCES&redirect=no">WP:BLPSOURCES</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPSOURCE&redirect=no">WP:BLPSOURCE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Challenged_or_likely_to_be_challenged" data-mw-thread-id="h-Challenged_or_likely_to_be_challenged-Reliable_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Challenged_or_likely_to_be_challenged-Reliable_sources"></span><span class="anchor" id="CHALLENGE"></span> Challenged or likely to be challenged<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Challenged_or_likely_to_be_challenged-Reliable_sources"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia:Verifiability § Reliable sources</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration/Editing_of_Biographies_of_Living_Persons#Principles" title="Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Editing of Biographies of Living Persons">Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Editing of Biographies of Living Persons § Principles</a></div> <p>Wikipedia's sourcing policy, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:V">Verifiability</a>, says that all quotations and any material <strong>challenged or likely to be challenged</strong> must be attributed to a reliable, published source using an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citation</a>; material not meeting this standard may be removed. This policy extends that principle, adding that <strong>contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced should be removed immediately and without discussion</strong>. This applies whether the material is negative, positive, neutral, or just questionable and whether it is in a biography or in some other article. The material should not be added to an article when the only sources are <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">tabloid journalism</a>. When material is both verifiable and noteworthy, it will have appeared in more reliable sources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avoid_misuse_of_primary_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Avoid_misuse_of_primary_sources-Reliable_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Avoid_misuse_of_primary_sources-Reliable_sources"></span><span class="anchor" id="Misuse_of_primary_sources"></span> Avoid misuse of primary sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Avoid_misuse_of_primary_sources-Reliable_sources"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary" title="Wikipedia:No original research">Wikipedia:No original research § Primary</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPPRIMARY"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPPRIMARY&redirect=no">WP:BLPPRIMARY</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Exercise extreme caution in using primary sources. Do <strong><em>not</em></strong> use trial transcripts and other court records, or other public documents, to support assertions about a living person. Do <strong><em>not</em></strong> use public records that include personal details, such as date of birth, home value, traffic citations, vehicle registrations, and home or business addresses. Where primary-source material has been discussed by a reliable secondary source, it <em>may</em> be acceptable to rely on it to augment the secondary source, subject to the restrictions of this policy, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOR">no original research</a>, and the other sourcing policies.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-published_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Self-published_sources-Reliable_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Self-published_sources-Reliable_sources"></span>Self-published sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Self-published_sources-Reliable_sources"></span></h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Avoid_self-published_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Avoid_self-published_sources-Self-published_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Avoid_self-published_sources-Self-published_sources"></span>Avoid self-published sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Avoid_self-published_sources-Self-published_sources"></span></h4></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Avoid_self-published_sources"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPSPS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPSPS&redirect=no">WP:BLPSPS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Never use <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_and_using_self-published_works" title="Wikipedia:Identifying and using self-published works">self-published sources</a>—including but not limited to books, <a href="/wiki/Zine" title="Zine">zines</a>, websites, blogs, podcasts, and social network posts—as sources of material about a living person, unless written or published <strong>by the subject of the article</strong>. "Self-published blogs" in this context refers to personal and group blogs. It does not refer to a reputable organisation publishing material about who it employs or to whom and why it grants awards, for example. Some news organizations host online columns that they call blogs, and these may be acceptable as sources so long as the writers are professionals and the blog is subject to the newspaper's full editorial control. Posts left by readers are never acceptable as sources. See <a href="#Images">§ Images</a> below for our policy on self-published images. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Using_the_subject_as_a_self-published_source" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_the_subject_as_a_self-published_source-Self-published_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_the_subject_as_a_self-published_source-Self-published_sources"></span>Using the subject as a self-published source<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_the_subject_as_a_self-published_source-Self-published_sources"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPSELFPUB"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPSELFPUB&redirect=no">WP:BLPSELFPUB</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia:Verifiability § Self-published sources</a></div> <p>There are living persons who publish material <strong>about themselves</strong>, such as through press releases or personal websites. Such material may be used as a source only if: </p> <ol><li>it is not unduly self-serving;</li> <li>it does not involve claims about third parties;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>it does not involve claims about events not directly related to the subject;</li> <li>there is no reasonable doubt as to its authenticity; and</li> <li>the article is not based primarily on such sources.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avoid_gossip_and_feedback_loops" data-mw-thread-id="h-Avoid_gossip_and_feedback_loops-Reliable_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Avoid_gossip_and_feedback_loops-Reliable_sources"></span>Avoid gossip and feedback loops<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Avoid_gossip_and_feedback_loops-Reliable_sources"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPGOSSIP"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPGOSSIP&redirect=no">WP:BLPGOSSIP</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTNEWS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTNEWS">Wikipedia is not a newspaper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources#Breaking_news" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources § Breaking news</a></div> <p>Avoid repeating <a href="/wiki/Gossip" title="Gossip">gossip</a>. Ask yourself whether the source is reliable; whether the material is being presented as true; and whether, even if true, it is relevant to a disinterested article about the subject. Be wary of relying on sources that use <a href="/wiki/Weasel_word" title="Weasel word">weasel words</a> and that attribute material to anonymous sources. Also beware of <a href="/wiki/Circular_reporting" title="Circular reporting">circular reporting</a>, in which material in a Wikipedia article gets picked up by a source, which is later cited in the Wikipedia article to support the original edit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced" data-mw-thread-id="h-Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced-Reliable_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced-Reliable_sources"></span>Remove contentious material that is unsourced or poorly sourced<span class="anchor" id="Rm1"></span><span class="anchor" id="Remove_contentious_material"></span><span class="anchor" id="Remove_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced_contentious_material"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced-Reliable_sources"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:GRAPEVINE"></span><span id="WP:BLPREMOVE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:GRAPEVINE&redirect=no">WP:GRAPEVINE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE&redirect=no">WP:BLPREMOVE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">Wikipedia:Libel</a></div> <p>Remove immediately any contentious material about a living person that: </p> <ol><li>is unsourced or poorly sourced;</li> <li>is an original interpretation or analysis of a source, or a synthesis of sources <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">Wikipedia:No original research</a>)</span>;</li> <li>relies on self-published sources, unless written by the subject of the BLP <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see <a href="#Using_the_subject_as_a_self-published_source">§ Using the subject as a self-published source</a>, above)</span>; or</li> <li>relies on sources that fail in some other way to meet <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiability</a> standards.</li></ol> <p>Note that, although the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_warring#3RR_exemptions" title="Wikipedia:Edit warring">three-revert rule does not apply to such removals</a>, what counts as exempt under BLP can be controversial. Editors who find themselves in edit wars over potentially defamatory material about living persons should consider raising the matter at the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons/Noticeboard">biographies of living persons noticeboard</a> instead of relying on the exemption. </p><p>Administrators may enforce the removal of clear BLP violations with page protection or by blocking the violator(s), even if they have been editing the article themselves or are in some other way involved. In less clear cases they should request the attention of an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UNINVOLVED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UNINVOLVED">uninvolved</a> administrator at the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators_Noticeboard/Incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Administrators Noticeboard/Incidents">administrators' noticeboard/Incidents page</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">See <a href="#Role_of_administrators">§ Role of administrators</a>, below</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading,_External_links,_and_See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-Further_reading,_External_links,_and_See_also-Reliable_sources"><span id="Further_reading.2C_External_links.2C_and_See_also"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Further_reading,_External_links,_and_See_also-Reliable_sources"></span><span class="anchor" id="Further_reading_and_external_links"></span> Further reading, External links, and See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Further_reading,_External_links,_and_See_also-Reliable_sources"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPEL"></span><span id="WP:BLPFR"></span><span id="WP:BLPSEEALSO"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPEL&redirect=no">WP:BLPEL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPFR&redirect=no">WP:BLPFR</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPSEEALSO&redirect=no">WP:BLPSEEALSO</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>External links about living persons, whether in BLPs or elsewhere, are held to a higher standard than for other topics. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Questionable</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPS">self-published sources</a> should not be included in the "Further reading" or "External links" sections of BLPs, and, when including such links in other articles, make sure the material linked to does not violate this policy. Self-published sources written or published by the subject of a BLP may be included in the "Further reading" or "External links" sections of that BLP with caution <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see <a href="#Using_the_subject_as_a_self-published_source">§ Using the subject as a self-published source</a>, above)</span>. In general, do not link to websites that contradict the spirit of this policy or violate the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links guideline</a>. Where that guideline is inconsistent with this or any other policy, the policies prevail. </p><p>"See also" links, whether placed in <a href="/wiki/MOS:SEEALSO" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:SEEALSO">their own section</a> or in a note within the text, should not be used to imply any contentious labeling, association, or claim regarding a living person, and must adhere to Wikipedia's policy of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">no original research</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy" data-mw-thread-id="h-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span>Presumption in favor of privacy<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avoid_victimization" data-mw-thread-id="h-Avoid_victimization-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Avoid_victimization-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span>Avoid victimization<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Avoid_victimization-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:AVOIDVICTIM"></span><span id="WP:VICTIMIZE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:AVOIDVICTIM&redirect=no">WP:AVOIDVICTIM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:VICTIMIZE&redirect=no">WP:VICTIMIZE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>When writing about a person noteworthy only for one or two events, including every detail can lead to problems—even when the material is well sourced. When in doubt, biographies should be pared back to a version that is completely sourced, neutral, and on-topic. This is of particular importance when dealing with living individuals whose notability stems largely or entirely from being victims of another's actions. Wikipedia editors must not act, intentionally or otherwise, in a way that amounts to participating in or prolonging the victimization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_figures" data-mw-thread-id="h-Public_figures-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Public_figures-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span>Public figures<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Public_figures-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PUBLICFIGURE"></span><span id="WP:WELLKNOWN"></span><span id="WP:BLPPUBLIC"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PUBLICFIGURE&redirect=no">WP:PUBLICFIGURE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WELLKNOWN&redirect=no">WP:WELLKNOWN</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPPUBLIC&redirect=no">WP:BLPPUBLIC</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_is_a_low-profile_individual" title="Wikipedia:Who is a low-profile individual">Wikipedia:Who is a low-profile individual</a></div> <p>In the case of <a href="/wiki/Public_figure" title="Public figure">public figures</a>, there will be a multitude of reliable published sources, and BLPs should simply document what these sources say. If an allegation or incident is noteworthy, relevant, and well documented, it belongs in the article—even if it is negative and the subject dislikes all mention of it. If you cannot find <em>multiple</em> reliable <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Third-party_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Third-party sources">third-party sources</a> documenting the allegation or incident, leave it out. </p> <ul><li><b>Example:</b> "John Doe had a messy divorce from Jane Doe." Is the divorce important to the article, and was it published by third-party reliable sources? If not, leave it out. If so, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LABEL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LABEL">avoid use of "messy"</a> and stick to the facts: "John Doe and Jane Doe divorced."</li> <li><b>Example:</b> A politician is alleged to have had an affair. It is denied, but multiple major newspapers publish the allegations, and there is a public scandal. The allegation belongs in the biography, citing those sources. It should state only that the politician was <em>alleged</em> to have had the affair, not that the affair actually <em>occurred</em>.</li></ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="Denial"></span>If the subject has denied such allegations, their denial(s) should be reported too. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People_who_are_relatively_unknown" data-mw-thread-id="h-People_who_are_relatively_unknown-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-People_who_are_relatively_unknown-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span><span class="anchor" id="Relatively_unknown"></span> People who are relatively unknown<span data-mw-comment-end="h-People_who_are_relatively_unknown-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:NPF" redirects here. For information regarding newly created pages on Wikipedia ("New Pages Feed"), see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation">Wikipedia:Page Curation</a>. For the New Pages Feed itself, see <a href="/wiki/Special:NewPagesFeed" title="Special:NewPagesFeed">Special:NewPagesFeed</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_is_a_low-profile_individual" title="Wikipedia:Who is a low-profile individual">Wikipedia:Who is a low-profile individual</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:NOTPUBLICFIGURE"></span><span id="WP:NPF"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NOTPUBLICFIGURE&redirect=no">WP:NOTPUBLICFIGURE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NPF&redirect=no">WP:NPF</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Many Wikipedia articles contain material on people who are not well known, regardless of whether they are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">notable</a> enough for their own article. In such cases, exercise restraint and include <em>only</em> material relevant to the person's notability, focusing on high-quality <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary sources</a>. Material published by the subject may be used, but with caution <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see <a href="#Using_the_subject_as_a_self-published_source">§ Using the subject as a self-published source</a>, above)</span>. Material that may adversely affect a person's reputation should be treated with special care; in many jurisdictions, repeating a defamatory claim is actionable, and there are additional protections for subjects who are not public figures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privacy_of_personal_information_and_using_primary_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Privacy_of_personal_information_and_using_primary_sources-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Privacy_of_personal_information_and_using_primary_sources-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span>Privacy of personal information and using primary sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Privacy_of_personal_information_and_using_primary_sources-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Wikipedia:Personal information" redirects here. For violations of Wikipedia editors' privacy, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Harassment#Posting_of_personal_information" title="Wikipedia:Harassment">Wikipedia:Harassment § Posting of personal information</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPPRIVACY"></span><span id="WP:DOB"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPPRIVACY&redirect=no">WP:BLPPRIVACY</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DOB&redirect=no">WP:DOB</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>With <a href="/wiki/Identity_theft" title="Identity theft">identity theft</a> a serious ongoing concern, many people regard their full names and dates of birth as private. Wikipedia includes full names and dates of birth that have been widely published by reliable sources, or by sources linked to the subject such that it may reasonably be inferred that the subject does not object to the details being made public. If a subject complains about our inclusion of their date of birth, or the person is borderline <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">notable</a>, err on the side of caution and simply list the year, provided that there is a reliable source for it. In a similar vein, articles should not include postal addresses, e-mail addresses, telephone numbers, or other contact information for living persons, although links to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ELOFFICIAL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ELOFFICIAL">websites maintained by the subject</a> are generally permitted. See <a href="#Avoid_misuse_of_primary_sources">§ Avoid misuse of primary sources</a> regarding the misuse of primary sources to obtain personal information about subjects. </p><p>The standard for inclusion of personal information of living persons is higher than mere existence of a reliable source that could be verified.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If multiple independent <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable sources</a> state differing years or dates of birth in conflict, include all birth dates/years for which a reliable source exists, clearly noting discrepancies. In this situation, editors must not include only one date/year which they consider "most likely", or include merely a single date from one of two or more reliable sources. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">Original research</a> must not be used to extrapolate the date of birth.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Joan_Crawford#Notes" title="Joan Crawford">Joan Crawford#Notes</a>) </p><p>A verified social media account of an article subject saying about themselves something along the lines of "today is my 50th birthday" may fall under <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_and_questionable_sources_as_sources_on_themselves" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published sources</a> for purposes of reporting a full date of birth. It may be usable if there is no reason to doubt it.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If you see personal information such as phone numbers, addresses, account numbers, etc. in a BLP or anywhere on Wikipedia, edit the page to remove it and <strong><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RFO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RFO">contact the oversight team</a></strong> so that they can evaluate it and possibly remove it from the page history. To reduce the chances of triggering the <a href="/wiki/Streisand_effect" title="Streisand effect">Streisand effect</a>, use a bland/generic edit summary and <em>do not</em> mention that you will be requesting Oversight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Privacy_of_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Privacy_of_names-Privacy_of_personal_information_and_using_primary_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Privacy_of_names-Privacy_of_personal_information_and_using_primary_sources"></span>Privacy of names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Privacy_of_names-Privacy_of_personal_information_and_using_primary_sources"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPNAME"></span><span id="WP:LPNAME"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPNAME&redirect=no">WP:BLPNAME</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:LPNAME&redirect=no">WP:LPNAME</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Caution should be applied when identifying individuals who are discussed primarily in terms of a single event. When the name of a private individual has not been widely disseminated or has been intentionally concealed, such as in certain court cases or occupations, it is often preferable to omit it, especially when doing so does not result in a significant loss of context. When deciding whether to include a name, its publication in secondary sources other than news media, such as scholarly journals or the work of recognized experts, should be afforded greater weight than the brief appearance of names in news stories. Consider whether the inclusion of names of living private individuals who are not directly involved in an article's topic adds significant value. </p><p>The presumption in favor of privacy is strong in the case of family members of articles' subjects and other loosely involved, otherwise low-profile persons. The names of any immediate, former, or significant family members or any significant relationship of the subject of a BLP may be part of an article, if reliably sourced, subject to editorial discretion that such information is relevant to a reader's complete understanding of the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Names of family members who are not also notable public figures <em>must</em> be removed from an article if they are not properly sourced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subjects_notable_only_for_one_event" data-mw-thread-id="h-Subjects_notable_only_for_one_event-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Subjects_notable_only_for_one_event-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span>Subjects notable only for one event<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Subjects_notable_only_for_one_event-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLP1E"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLP1E&redirect=no">WP:BLP1E</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)#People_notable_for_only_one_event" title="Wikipedia:Notability (people)">Wikipedia:Notability (people) § People notable for only one event</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_BLP1E_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What BLP1E is not">Wikipedia:What BLP1E is not</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#NEWS" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia is not news, or an indiscriminate collection of information</a>. Being in the news does not in itself mean that someone should be the subject of a Wikipedia article. We generally should avoid having an article on a person when each of three conditions is met: </p> <ol><li>Reliable sources cover the person only in the context of a single event.</li> <li>The person otherwise remains, and is likely to remain, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_is_a_low_profile_individual" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Who is a low profile individual">low-profile individual</a>. Biographies in these cases can give undue weight to the event and conflict with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>. In such cases, it is usually better to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merge</a> the information and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirect</a> the person's name to the event article.</li> <li>The event is not significant or the individual's role was either not substantial or not well documented. <a href="/wiki/John_Hinckley_Jr." title="John Hinckley Jr.">John Hinckley Jr.</a>, for example, has a separate article because the single event he was associated with, the <a href="/wiki/Reagan_assassination_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan assassination attempt">Reagan assassination attempt</a>, was significant, and his role was both substantial and well documented.</li></ol> <p>The significance of an event or the individual's role is indicated by how persistent the coverage is in reliable sources. It is important for editors to understand two clear differentiations of the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)#People_notable_for_only_one_event" title="Wikipedia:Notability (people)">people notable for only one event</a></i> guideline (<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BIO1E" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BIO1E">WP:BIO1E</a></i>) when compared with this policy (<i>WP:BLP1E</i>): <i>WP:BLP1E</i> should be applied only to biographies of <em>living</em> people, or those who have recently died, and to biographies of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_is_a_low_profile_individual" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Who is a low profile individual">low-profile individuals</a>. </p><p>In addition, some subject-specific notability guidelines, such as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(sports)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (sports)">Wikipedia:Notability (sports)</a>, provide criteria that may support the notability of certain individuals who are known chiefly for one event. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People_accused_of_crime" data-mw-thread-id="h-People_accused_of_crime-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-People_accused_of_crime-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span><span class="anchor" id="BLPCRIME"></span><span class="anchor" id="BLPCRIM"></span><span class="anchor" id="CRIME"></span> People accused of crime<span data-mw-comment-end="h-People_accused_of_crime-Presumption_in_favor_of_privacy"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(events)#Criminal_acts" title="Wikipedia:Notability (events)">Wikipedia:Notability (events) § Criminal acts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)#Crime_victims_and_perpetrators" title="Wikipedia:Notability (people)">Wikipedia:Notability (people) § Crime victims and perpetrators</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPCRIME"></span><span id="WP:SUSPECT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPCRIME&redirect=no">WP:BLPCRIME</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SUSPECT&redirect=no">WP:SUSPECT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>A living person accused of a crime is <a href="/wiki/Presumption_of_innocence" title="Presumption of innocence">presumed innocent</a> until convicted by a court of law. Accusations, investigations, arrests and charges do not amount to a conviction. For individuals who are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTPUBLICFIGURE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTPUBLICFIGURE">not public figures</a>—that is, individuals not covered by <a href="#Public_figures">§ Public figures</a>—editors must seriously consider <strong>not</strong> including material—in any article—that suggests the person has committed or is accused of having committed a crime, unless a conviction has been secured for that crime. </p><p>If different judicial proceedings result in seemingly contradictory outcomes that do not overrule each other,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> include sufficient explanatory information. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Use_in_continued_disputes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Use_in_continued_disputes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Use_in_continued_disputes"></span>Use in continued disputes <span class="anchor" id="Importation_of_off-wiki_disputes_into_Wikipedia"></span> <span class="anchor" id="Using_BLPs_to_continue_disputes"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Use_in_continued_disputes"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPCOI"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPCOI&redirect=no">WP:BLPCOI</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Wikipedia articles concerning living persons may include material—where relevant, properly weighted, and reliably sourced—about controversies or disputes in which the article subject has been involved. Wikipedia is not a forum provided for parties to off-wiki disputes to continue their hostilities. Experience has shown that misusing Wikipedia to perpetuate legal, political, social, literary, scholarly, or other disputes is harmful to the subjects of biographical articles, to other parties in the dispute, and to Wikipedia itself. </p><p>Therefore, an editor who is involved in a significant controversy or dispute with another individual—whether on- or off-wiki—or who is an avowed rival of that individual, should not edit that person's biography or other material about that person, given the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:POTENTIALCOI" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:POTENTIALCOI">potential conflict of interest</a>. More generally, editors who have a strongly negative or positive view of the subject of a biographical article should be especially careful to edit that article <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NPOV">neutrally</a>, if they choose to edit it at all.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Applicability" data-mw-thread-id="h-Applicability"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Applicability"></span>Applicability<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Applicability"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p><span class="anchor" id="Applicability_of_the_policy"></span> BLP applies to all material about living persons anywhere on Wikipedia, including talk pages, edit summaries, user pages, images, categories, lists, article titles and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">drafts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-article_space" data-mw-thread-id="h-Non-article_space-Applicability"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Non-article_space-Applicability"></span>Non-article space<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Non-article_space-Applicability"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPTALK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPTALK&redirect=no">WP:BLPTALK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced and not related to making content choices should be removed, deleted, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oversight" title="Wikipedia:Oversight">oversighted</a>, as appropriate. When seeking advice about whether to publish something about a living person, be careful not to post so much information on the talk page that the inquiry becomes moot. For example, it would be appropriate to begin a discussion by stating <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248585704">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk{color:#00B785}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk{color:#00B785}}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk{font-family:Georgia,"DejaVu Serif",serif;color:#008560;quotes:none}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk-italic{font-family:inherit;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-talk-marks{quotes:"\"""\""}</style><q class="inline-quote-talk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.example.com">This link</a> has serious allegations about the subject; should we summarize this someplace in the article?</q> The same principle applies to problematic images. Questionable claims already discussed can be removed with a reference to the previous discussion. </p><p>The BLP policy also applies to user and user talk pages. The single exception is that users may make any claim they wish about themselves in their user space, so long as they are not engaged in impersonation, and subject to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">what Wikipedia is not</a>, though minors are discouraged from disclosing identifying personal information on their userpages; for more information, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration/Protecting_children%27s_privacy" title="Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Protecting children's privacy">here</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this policy applies to posts about Wikipedians in project space, some leeway is permitted to allow the handling of administrative issues by the community, but administrators may delete such material if it rises to the level of defamation, or if it constitutes a violation of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">no personal attacks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usernames" data-mw-thread-id="h-Usernames-Applicability"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Usernames-Applicability"></span><span class="anchor" id="BLPABUSE"></span>Usernames<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Usernames-Applicability"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Username_policy#Usernames_with_libelous,_contentious,_or_non-public_information" title="Wikipedia:Username policy">Wikipedia:Username policy § Usernames with libelous, contentious, or non-public information</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPNAMEABUSE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPNAMEABUSE&redirect=no">WP:BLPNAMEABUSE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Usernames that contain libelous, blatantly false, or contentious statements or material about living persons should be <b>immediately blocked</b> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Suppression" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Suppression">suppressed from all revisions and logs</a>. This includes usernames that disclose any kind of non-public, private, or personally identifiable information about living persons, regardless of the legitimacy of the information and whether or not the information is correct. Requests for removing such usernames from logs should be <a href="/wiki/Special:EmailUser/Oversight" title="Special:EmailUser/Oversight">reported</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oversight" title="Wikipedia:Oversight">Oversight</a> team for evaluation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Images-Applicability"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Images-Applicability"></span>Images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Images-Applicability"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Original_images" title="Wikipedia:No original research">Wikipedia:No original research § Original images</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:MUG"></span><span id="WP:BLPIMAGE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:MUG&redirect=no">WP:MUG</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPIMAGE&redirect=no">WP:BLPIMAGE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Images of living persons should not be used out of context to present a person in a false or disparaging light. This is particularly important for police booking photographs (mugshots), or situations where the subject did not expect to be photographed. Because a police booking photograph can imply that the person depicted was charged with or convicted of a specific crime, a top-quality <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable source</a> with a widely acknowledged reputation for fact-checking and accuracy that links the photograph to the specific incident or crime in question must be cited. </p><p>Images of living persons that have been created by Wikipedians or others may be used only if they have been released under a copyright licence that is compatible with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Wikipedia:Image use policy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates-Applicability"><span id="Categories.2C_lists.2C_and_navigation_templates"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates-Applicability"></span>Categories, lists, and navigation templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates-Applicability"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPCAT"></span><span id="WP:BLPLIST"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPCAT&redirect=no">WP:BLPCAT</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPLIST&redirect=no">WP:BLPLIST</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizing_articles_about_people" title="Wikipedia:Categorizing articles about people">Wikipedia:Categorizing articles about people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CATEGORY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CATEGORY">Category</a> names do not carry disclaimers or modifiers, so the case for each content category must be made clear by the article text and its <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:V">verifiable</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable sources</a>. Categories regarding <a href="/wiki/Religious_belief" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious belief">religious beliefs</a> (or lack of such) or <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> should not be used unless the subject has publicly self-identified with the belief (or lack of such) or orientation in question, and the subject's beliefs or sexual orientation are relevant to their public life or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/notability" class="extiw" title="wikt:notability">notability</a>, according to reliable published sources. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPCRIMINAL"></span><span id="WP:BLPRACIST"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPCRIMINAL&redirect=no">WP:BLPCRIMINAL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPRACIST&redirect=no">WP:BLPRACIST</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="CRIMINAL"></span><span class="anchor" id="RACIST"></span><span class="anchor" id="SEXIST"></span><span class="anchor" id="EXTREMIST"></span> Caution should be used with content categories that suggest a person has a poor reputation (see <a href="/wiki/False_light" title="False light">false light</a>). For example, <a href="/wiki/Category:Criminals" title="Category:Criminals">Category:Criminals</a> and its subcategories should be added only for an incident that is relevant to the person's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">notability</a>; the incident was published by reliable <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Third-party_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Third-party sources">third-party sources</a>; the subject was convicted; and the conviction was not overturned on appeal. Do not categorize biographies of living people under such contentious topics as <a href="/wiki/Category:Racism" title="Category:Racism">racism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Sexism" title="Category:Sexism">sexism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Extremism" title="Category:Extremism">extremism</a>, and the like, since these have the effect of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Contentious_labels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">labeling a person</a> as a racist, sexist, or extremist. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Overcategorization#Subjective_inclusion_criteria" title="Wikipedia:Overcategorization">Wikipedia:Overcategorization § Subjective inclusion criteria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Overcategorization#Opinion_about_a_question_or_issue" title="Wikipedia:Overcategorization">Wikipedia:Overcategorization § Opinion about a question or issue</a>.)</span> </p><p>These principles apply equally to <strong>lists, navigation templates, and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox" title="Template:Infobox">Infobox</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> statements (referring to living persons within <em>any</em> Wikipedia page)</strong> that are based on religious beliefs (or lack of such) or sexual orientation or suggest that any living person has a poor reputation. This policy does not limit the use of administrative categories for WikiProjects, article clean-up, or other normal editor activities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recently_dead_or_probably_dead" data-mw-thread-id="h-Recently_dead_or_probably_dead-Applicability"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Recently_dead_or_probably_dead-Applicability"></span>Recently dead or probably dead<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Recently_dead_or_probably_dead-Applicability"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BDP"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BDP&redirect=no">WP:BDP</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Anyone born within the past 115 years (on or after 24 November 1909 <small>[<span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page">update</span></a></span>]</small>) is covered by this policy unless a reliable source has confirmed their death. Generally, this policy <em><strong>does not apply to material concerning people who are confirmed dead by reliable sources.</strong></em> The only exception would be for people who have recently died, in which case the policy can extend for an indeterminate period beyond the date of death—six months, one year, two years at the outside. Such extensions would apply particularly to contentious or questionable material about the subject that has implications for their living relatives and friends, such as in the case of a possible suicide or particularly gruesome crime. Even without confirmation of death, for the purposes of this policy, anyone born more than 115 years ago is presumed dead <em>unless</em> reliable sources confirm the person to have been living within the past two years. If the date of birth is unknown, editors should use reasonable judgement to infer—from dates of events noted in the article—if it is plausible that the person was born within the last 115 years and is therefore covered by this policy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_persons_and_groups" data-mw-thread-id="h-Legal_persons_and_groups-Applicability"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Legal_persons_and_groups-Applicability"></span>Legal persons and groups<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Legal_persons_and_groups-Applicability"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPGROUP"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPGROUP&redirect=no">WP:BLPGROUP</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>This policy does not normally apply to material about corporations, companies, or other entities regarded as <a href="/wiki/Legal_person" title="Legal person">legal persons</a>, though any such material must be written in accordance with other content policies. The extent to which the BLP policy applies to edits about groups is complex and must be judged on a case-by-case basis. A harmful statement about a small group or organization comes closer to being a BLP problem than a similar statement about a larger group; and when the group is very small, it may be impossible to draw a distinction between the group and the individuals that make up the group. When in doubt, make sure you are using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SOURCES" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SOURCES">high-quality sources</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Maintenance" data-mw-thread-id="h-Maintenance"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Maintenance"></span>Maintenance<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Maintenance"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p><span class="anchor" id="Maintenance_of_BLPs"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Importance" data-mw-thread-id="h-Importance-Maintenance"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Importance-Maintenance"></span>Importance<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Importance-Maintenance"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Report BLP incidents at the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons/Noticeboard">biographies of living persons noticeboard</a>.</div> <p>Wikipedia contains <a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">over a million articles about living persons</a>. From both a legal and an ethical standpoint, it is essential that a determined effort be made to eliminate defamatory and other inappropriate material from these articles, but these concerns must be balanced against other concerns, such as allowing articles to show a bias in the subject's favor by removing appropriate material simply because the subject objects to it, or allowing articles about non-<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">notable</a> publicity-seekers to be retained. When in doubt about whether material in a BLP is appropriate, the article should be pared back to a policy-compliant version. Sometimes the use of administrative tools such as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">page protection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">deletion</a> is necessary for the enforcement of this policy, and in extreme cases <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Office_actions" title="Wikipedia:Office actions">action</a> by Wikimedia Foundation staff is required. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Templates-Maintenance"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Templates-Maintenance"></span><span class="anchor" id="Templates"></span> Templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Templates-Maintenance"></span></h3></div> <p><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:BLP" title="Template:BLP">BLP</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> alerting readers to this policy may be added to the talk pages of BLPs and other articles that focus on living persons. <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Blpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Blpo">Blpo</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> is suitable for articles containing material on the deceased that also contains material about living persons. If a <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Biography" title="Template:WikiProject Biography">WikiProject Biography</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template is present, you can add <code>|living=yes</code> to the template parameters. If a <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_banner_shell" title="Template:WikiProject banner shell">WikiProject banner shell</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template is also present, add <code>|blp=yes</code> to it. </p><p>For articles, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:BLP_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:BLP dispute">BLP dispute</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> may be used on BLPs needing attention; <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:BLP_sources" title="Template:BLP sources">BLP sources</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> on BLPs needing better sourcing (an alternative is <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:BLP_primary_sources" title="Template:BLP primary sources">BLP primary sources</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>); and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:BLP_unsourced" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:BLP unsourced">BLP unsourced</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for those with no sources at all. </p><p>For editors violating this policy, the following can be used to warn them on their talk pages: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Uw-biog1" title="Template:Uw-biog1">uw-biog1</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Uw-biog2" title="Template:Uw-biog2">uw-biog2</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Uw-biog3" title="Template:Uw-biog3">uw-biog3</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Uw-biog4" title="Template:Uw-biog4">uw-biog4</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Uw-biog4im" title="Template:Uw-biog4im">uw-biog4im</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Uw-bioblock" title="Template:Uw-bioblock">uw-bioblock</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for when a block is issued</li></ul> <p>The template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:BLP_removal" title="Template:BLP removal">BLP removal</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> can be used on the talk page of an article to explain why material has been removed under this policy, and under what conditions the material may be replaced. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia" data-mw-thread-id="h-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"><span id="Relationship_between_the_subject.2C_the_article.2C_and_Wikipedia"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"></span>Relationship between the subject, the article, and Wikipedia<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dealing_with_edits_by_the_subject_of_the_article" data-mw-thread-id="h-Dealing_with_edits_by_the_subject_of_the_article-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Dealing_with_edits_by_the_subject_of_the_article-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"></span>Dealing with edits by the subject of the article<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Dealing_with_edits_by_the_subject_of_the_article-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPEDIT"></span><span id="WP:BLPKIND"></span><span id="WP:BLPKINDNESS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPEDIT&redirect=no">WP:BLPEDIT</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPKIND&redirect=no">WP:BLPKIND</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPKINDNESS&redirect=no">WP:BLPKINDNESS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Subjects sometimes become involved in editing material about themselves, either directly or through a representative. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbitration_Committee" title="Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee">Arbitration Committee</a> has ruled in favor of showing leniency to BLP subjects who try to fix what they see as errors or unfair material. <strong>Editors should make every effort to act with kindness toward the subjects of biographical material when the subjects arrive to express concern.</strong> </p><p>Although Wikipedia discourages people from <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autobiography" title="Wikipedia:Autobiography">writing about themselves</a>, removal of unsourced or poorly sourced material is acceptable. When a logged-out editor blanks all or part of a BLP, this might be the subject attempting to remove problematic material. Edits like these by subjects should not be treated as vandalism; instead, the subject should be invited to explain their concerns. The Arbitration Committee established the following principle in December 2005: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:70%; ; font-size: 98%; color: #202122;background-color: #F8F8FF;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers</a>, a guideline, advises Wikipedia users to consider the obvious fact that new users of Wikipedia will do things wrong from time to time. For those who either have or might have an article about themselves, there is a temptation—especially if apparently wrong or strongly negative information is included in such an article—to become involved in questions regarding their own article. This can open the door to rather immature behavior and loss of dignity for the new user. It is a violation of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">don't bite the newbies</a> to strongly criticize users who fall into this trap, rather than see this phenomenon as a new editor mistake.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dealing_with_articles_about_yourself" data-mw-thread-id="h-Dealing_with_articles_about_yourself-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Dealing_with_articles_about_yourself-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"></span>Dealing with articles about yourself<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Dealing_with_articles_about_yourself-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BIOSELF"></span><span id="WP:BLPSELF"></span><span id="WP:BLPCOMPLAIN"></span><span id="WP:BLPCOMPLAINT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BIOSELF&redirect=no">WP:BIOSELF</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPSELF&redirect=no">WP:BLPSELF</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPCOMPLAIN&redirect=no">WP:BLPCOMPLAIN</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPCOMPLAINT&redirect=no">WP:BLPCOMPLAINT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autobiography#Problems_in_an_article_about_you" title="Wikipedia:Autobiography">Wikipedia:Autobiography § Problems in an article about you</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Article_subjects" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Article subjects">Wikipedia:FAQ/Article subjects</a></div> <p>Wikipedia has editorial policies that will often help to resolve your concern, as well as many users willing to help and a wide range of escalation processes. Very obvious errors can be fixed quickly, including by yourself. But beyond that, post suggestions on the article talk page (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Help:Talk pages</a></i>), or place <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Help_me" title="Template:Help me">help me</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> on your <a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">user talk page</a>. You may also post an explanation of your concern on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons/Noticeboard">biographies of living persons noticeboard</a> and ask that uninvolved editors evaluate the article to make sure it is fairly written and properly sourced. </p><p>If you are an article subject and you find the article about you contains your personal information or potentially libelous statements, <strong><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RFO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RFO">contact the oversight team</a></strong> so that they can evaluate the issue and possibly <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:REVDEL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:REVDEL">remove it from the page history</a>. </p><p>Please bear in mind that Wikipedia is almost entirely operated by volunteers; impolite or demanding behavior, even if entirely understandable, will often be less effective. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_issues" data-mw-thread-id="h-Legal_issues-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Legal_issues-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"></span>Legal issues<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Legal_issues-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"></span></h3></div> <p>Subjects who have legal or other serious concerns about material they find about themselves on a Wikipedia page, whether in a BLP or elsewhere, may contact the Wikimedia Foundation's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Volunteer_response_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Volunteer response team">volunteer response team</a> (known as VRT). Please e-mail <strong><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="mailto:info-en-q@wikimedia.org"><span class="nowrap">info-en-q<span class="mw-no-invert"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="@"><noscript><img alt="@" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/At_sign.svg/15px-At_sign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="145"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/At_sign.svg/15px-At_sign.svg.png" data-alt="@" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/At_sign.svg/23px-At_sign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/At_sign.svg/30px-At_sign.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span>wikimedia.org</span></a></strong> with a link to the article and details of the problem; for more information on how to get an error corrected, see <strong><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us_-_Subjects" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Contact us - Subjects">here</a></strong>. It is usually better to ask for help rather than trying to change the material yourself. </p><p>As noted above, individuals involved in a significant legal or other off-wiki dispute with the subject of a biographical article are strongly discouraged from editing that article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="How_to_contact_the_Wikimedia_Foundation" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_contact_the_Wikimedia_Foundation-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_contact_the_Wikimedia_Foundation-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"></span>How to contact the Wikimedia Foundation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_contact_the_Wikimedia_Foundation-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"></span></h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Contactus-wmcolors.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Contactus-wmcolors.svg/150px-Contactus-wmcolors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1050"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Contactus-wmcolors.svg/150px-Contactus-wmcolors.svg.png" data-width="150" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Contactus-wmcolors.svg/225px-Contactus-wmcolors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Contactus-wmcolors.svg/300px-Contactus-wmcolors.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><strong><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/about/contact/">Contact us</a></strong></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a></div> <p>If you are not satisfied with the response of editors and admins to a concern about biographical material about living persons, you can contact the Wikimedia Foundation directly. See <strong><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/about/contact" class="extiw" title="foundationsite:about/contact">Contact us</a></strong> for details. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wikimedia_Foundation_resolution" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wikimedia_Foundation_resolution-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wikimedia_Foundation_resolution-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"></span>Wikimedia Foundation resolution<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wikimedia_Foundation_resolution-Relationship_between_the_subject,_the_article,_and_Wikipedia"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Biographies_of_living_people" class="extiw" title="foundation:Resolution:Biographies of living people">Foundation:Resolution:Biographies of living people</a></div> <p>On April 9, 2009, the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees passed a resolution regarding Wikimedia's handling of material about living persons. It noted that there are problems with some BLPs being overly promotional in tone, being vandalized, and containing errors and smears. The Foundation urges that special attention be paid to neutrality and verifiability regarding living persons; that human dignity and personal privacy be taken into account, especially in articles of ephemeral or marginal interest; and that anyone who has a complaint about how they are described on the project's websites be treated with patience, kindness, and respect. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Role_of_administrators" data-mw-thread-id="h-Role_of_administrators"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Role_of_administrators"></span>Role of administrators<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Role_of_administrators"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPADMINS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPADMINS&redirect=no">WP:BLPADMINS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Page_protection_and_blocks" data-mw-thread-id="h-Page_protection_and_blocks-Role_of_administrators"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Page_protection_and_blocks-Role_of_administrators"></span>Page protection and blocks<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Page_protection_and_blocks-Role_of_administrators"></span></h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Page_protection,_blocks"></span> </p><p>Administrators who suspect malicious or biased editing, or believe that inappropriate material may be added or restored, may protect pages. Administrators may enforce the removal of clear BLP violations with page protection or by blocking the violator(s), even if they have been editing the article themselves or are in some other way involved. In less clear cases, they should request the attention of an uninvolved administrator at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators_Noticeboard/Incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Administrators Noticeboard/Incidents">Wikipedia:Administrators Noticeboard/Incidents</a>. </p><p>See <a href="#Templates">§ Templates</a> for appropriate templates to use when warning or blocking for BLP violations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contentious_topics" data-mw-thread-id="h-Contentious_topics-Role_of_administrators"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Contentious_topics-Role_of_administrators"></span>Contentious topics<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Contentious_topics-Role_of_administrators"></span></h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Discretionary_sanctions"></span><span class="anchor" id="Contentious_topic"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPCT"></span><span id="WP:BLPDS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPCT&redirect=no">WP:BLPCT</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPDS&redirect=no">WP:BLPDS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>"All living or recently deceased subjects of biographical content on Wikipedia articles" have been designated as a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contentious_topics" title="Wikipedia:Contentious topics">contentious topic</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbitration_Committee" title="Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee">Arbitration Committee</a>. In this area, Wikipedia's norms and policies are more strictly enforced and Wikipedia administrators have additional authority to reduce disruption to the project. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deletion" data-mw-thread-id="h-Deletion-Role_of_administrators"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Deletion-Role_of_administrators"></span>Deletion<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Deletion-Role_of_administrators"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPDEL"></span><span id="WP:BLPDELETE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPDEL&redirect=no">WP:BLPDEL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPDELETE&redirect=no">WP:BLPDELETE</a></span></li></ul></div></div><p><span class="anchor" id="Deletion_of_BLPs"></span> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Summary_deletion,_creation_prevention,_and_courtesy_blanking" data-mw-thread-id="h-Summary_deletion,_creation_prevention,_and_courtesy_blanking-Deletion"><span id="Summary_deletion.2C_creation_prevention.2C_and_courtesy_blanking"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Summary_deletion,_creation_prevention,_and_courtesy_blanking-Deletion"></span>Summary deletion, creation prevention, and courtesy blanking<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Summary_deletion,_creation_prevention,_and_courtesy_blanking-Deletion"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy#Deletion_of_biographies_and_BLPs" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">Wikipedia:Deletion policy § Deletion of biographies and BLPs</a></div> <p>Biographical material about a living individual that is not compliant with this policy should be improved and rectified; if this is not possible, then it should be removed. If the entire page is substantially of poor quality, primarily containing contentious material that is unsourced or poorly sourced, then it may be necessary to delete the entire page as an initial step, followed by discussion if requested. </p><p>Page deletion is normally a last resort. If a dispute centers around a page's inclusion (e.g., because of questionable <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:N" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:N">notability</a> or where the subject has requested deletion), this is addressed via <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_discussions" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Deletion discussions">deletion discussions</a> rather than by summary deletion. Summary deletion is appropriate when the page contains unsourced negative material or is written non-neutrally, and when this cannot readily be rewritten or restored to an earlier version of an acceptable standard. The deleting administrator should be prepared to explain the action to others, by e-mail if the material is sensitive. Those who object to the deletion should bear in mind that the deleting admin may be aware of issues that others are not. Disputes may be taken to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_review" title="Wikipedia:Deletion review">deletion review</a>, but protracted public discussion should be avoided for deletions involving sensitive personal material about living persons, particularly if it is negative. Such debates may be courtesy blanked upon conclusion. After the deletion, any administrator may choose to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Salting" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Salting">protect it against re-creation</a>. Even if the page is not protected against re-creation, it should not be re-created unless a consensus has demonstrated support of re-creation that is consistent with our policies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relatively_unknown_subjects" data-mw-thread-id="h-Relatively_unknown_subjects-Deletion"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Relatively_unknown_subjects-Deletion"></span>Relatively unknown subjects<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Relatively_unknown_subjects-Deletion"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy#Deletion_of_biographies_and_BLPs" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">Wikipedia:Deletion policy § Deletion of biographies and BLPs</a></div><p><span class="anchor" id="Deletion_of_BLPs_of_relatively_unknown_subjects"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"></p><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPREQUESTDELETE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPREQUESTDELETE&redirect=no">WP:BLPREQUESTDELETE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Where the living subject of a biographical article has requested deletion, the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">deletion policy</a> says: "Discussions concerning <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BLP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BLP">biographical articles</a> of relatively unknown, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPF" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NPF">non-public figures</a>, where the subject has requested deletion and there is no rough consensus, <em>may</em> be closed as delete." In addition, it says: "Poorly sourced <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BIO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BIO">biographical articles</a> of unknown, non-public figures, where the discussions have no editor opposing the deletion, <em>may</em> be deleted after discussions have been completed." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Restoration" data-mw-thread-id="h-Restoration-Deletion"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Restoration-Deletion"></span>Restoration<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Restoration-Deletion"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:BLPUNDEL"></span><span id="WP:BLPRESTORE"></span><span id="WP:BLPREQUESTRESTORE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPUNDEL&redirect=no">WP:BLPUNDEL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPRESTORE&redirect=no">WP:BLPRESTORE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:BLPREQUESTRESTORE&redirect=no">WP:BLPREQUESTRESTORE</a></span></li></ul></div></div><p><span class="anchor" id="Restoring_deleted_content"></span> </p><p>To ensure that material about living people is written neutrally to a high standard, and based on high-quality reliable sources, the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">burden of proof</a> is on those who wish to retain, restore, or undelete the disputed material. When material about living persons has been deleted on good-faith BLP objections, any editor wishing to add, restore, or undelete it must ensure it complies with Wikipedia's content policies. If it is to be restored without significant change, consensus must be obtained first. Material that has been repaired to address concerns should be judged on a case-by-case basis. </p><p>In the case of an administrator deleting a complete article, wherever possible such disputed deletions should be discussed first with the administrator who deleted the article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proposals" data-mw-thread-id="h-Proposals-Deletion"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Proposals-Deletion"></span>Proposals<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Proposals-Deletion"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion_of_biographies_of_living_people" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion of biographies of living people">Wikipedia:Proposed deletion of biographies of living people</a></div><p><span class="anchor" id="Proposed_deletion_of_biographies_of_living_people"></span> </p><p>All BLPs must have at least one source that supports at least one statement made about the person in the article, or it may be proposed for deletion. <a href="/wiki/Template:Prod_blp" title="Template:Prod blp">The tag</a> may not be removed until a reliable source is provided, and if none is forthcoming, the article may be deleted after seven days. This does not affect other deletion processes mentioned in BLP policy and elsewhere. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Personality_rights" class="extiw" title="commons:Template:Personality rights"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Template:Personality rights</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This page is referenced in the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Wikipedia Glossary</a></span>.</div> <div class="side-box-imageright"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 44px;height: 44px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" data-width="44" data-height="44" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_policies_and_resolutions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Foundation_policies_and_resolutions-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Foundation_policies_and_resolutions-See_also"></span>Foundation policies and resolutions<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Foundation_policies_and_resolutions-See_also"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Wikimedia Foundation privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Biographies_of_living_people" class="extiw" title="wmf:Resolution:Biographies of living people">Wikimedia Foundation resolution on biographies of living persons</a>, amended November 2013.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arbitration_cases" data-mw-thread-id="h-Arbitration_cases-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Arbitration_cases-See_also"></span>Arbitration cases<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Arbitration_cases-See_also"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration/Badlydrawnjeff" title="Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Badlydrawnjeff">Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Badlydrawnjeff</a>, July 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ARBBLP#Biographies_of_living_persons" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ARBBLP">Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Editing of BLP § Biographies of living persons</a>, June 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbitration_Committee/Noticeboard/Archive_6#Motion_regarding_BLP_deletions" title="Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee/Noticeboard/Archive 6">Arbitration Committee/Motion regarding BLP deletions</a>, January 2010.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Manipulation_of_BLPs" title="Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Manipulation of BLPs">Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Manipulation of BLPs</a>, September 2011.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policies" data-mw-thread-id="h-Policies-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Policies-See_also"></span>Policies<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Policies-See_also"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attack_page" title="Wikipedia:Attack page">Attack page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guidelines" data-mw-thread-id="h-Guidelines-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Guidelines-See_also"></span>Guidelines<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Guidelines-See_also"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autobiography" title="Wikipedia:Autobiography">Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories#Treatment_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories">Fringe theories § Treatment of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Manual of Style/Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (people)">Notability (people)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Requests_for_comment" data-mw-thread-id="h-Requests_for_comment-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Requests_for_comment-See_also"></span>Requests for comment<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Requests_for_comment-See_also"></span></h3></div> <ul><li>Requests for comment/Biographies of living people—<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Biographies_of_living_people/Phase_I" title="Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Biographies of living people/Phase I">Phase I</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Biographies_of_living_people" title="Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Biographies of living people">Phase II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FAQs" data-mw-thread-id="h-FAQs-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-FAQs-See_also"></span>FAQs<span data-mw-comment-end="h-FAQs-See_also"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Article_subjects" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Article subjects">FAQ/Article subjects</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essays" data-mw-thread-id="h-Essays-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Essays-See_also"></span>Essays<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Essays-See_also"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:User_essays_on_BLP" title="Category:User essays on BLP">Category:User essays on BLP</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:An_article_about_yourself_isn%27t_necessarily_a_good_thing" title="Wikipedia:An article about yourself isn't necessarily a good thing">An article about yourself isn't necessarily a good thing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_harm" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding harm">Avoiding harm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Coatrack_articles" title="Wikipedia:Coatrack articles">Coatrack articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criticism" title="Wikipedia:Criticism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Minors_and_persons_judged_incompetent" title="Wikipedia:Minors and persons judged incompetent">Minors and persons judged incompetent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Signatures of living persons">Signatures of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiable_but_not_false" title="Wikipedia:Verifiable but not false">Verifiable but not false</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discussion_forums" data-mw-thread-id="h-Discussion_forums-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Discussion_forums-See_also"></span>Discussion forums<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Discussion_forums-See_also"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons/Noticeboard" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons/Noticeboard">Biographies of living persons/Noticeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting/Living_people" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Living people">WikiProject Deletion sorting/Living people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Related_pages-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Related_pages-See_also"></span>Related pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Related_pages-See_also"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles/Biography">Wikipedia:Requested articles/Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unreferenced_BLP_Rescue" title="Wikipedia:Unreferenced BLP Rescue">Wikipedia:Unreferenced BLP Rescue</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">People are presumed to be living unless there is reason to believe otherwise. This policy does not apply to people <a href="/wiki/Declared_death_in_absentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Declared death in absentia">declared dead <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">in absentia</i></span></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For examples of arbitration cases that refer to this policy's parameters, see:<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration/Rachel_Marsden#WP:BLP_applies_to_all_living_persons_mentioned_in_an_article" title="Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Rachel Marsden">Rachel Marsden case</a>, 28 November 2006: "Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons applies to all living persons in an entry, not merely the subject of the entry."<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Manning_naming_dispute#The_BLP_policy_and_article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Manning naming dispute">Manning naming dispute</a>, 16 October 2013: "The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BLP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BLP">biographies of living persons</a> policy applies to all references to living persons throughout Wikipedia, including the titles of articles and pages and all other portions of any page." </p> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Please note that <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Exceptional_claims_require_exceptional_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">exceptional claims</a> require exceptional sources.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For allegations of crime or misconduct that involve multiple parties, or the conduct of one party towards another, a denial would not constitute a "claim about third parties". If a self-published denial does additionally make claims about third parties, those additional claims do fall under this criteria, and do not merit inclusion in Wikipedia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is generally interpreted by the community to include the removal of names of non-notable minors from articles about their notable family members, such as when a notable individual births or sires a non-notable minor. Notability is not presumed or inherited with extremely limited exception (such as heir to a throne or similar).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, <a href="/wiki/O._J._Simpson" title="O. J. Simpson">O. J. Simpson</a> was <a href="/wiki/O._J._Simpson_murder_case" class="mw-redirect" title="O. J. Simpson murder case">acquitted</a> in 1995 of the murder of <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Brown_Simpson" title="Nicole Brown Simpson">Nicole Brown Simpson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Goldman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Goldman">Ronald Goldman</a>, but was later found liable for their <a href="/wiki/Wrongful_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrongful death">wrongful deaths</a> in a civil trial.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/rcr/rcr_conflicts/foundation/index.html">Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning</a>, Columbia University: "A conflict of interest involves the abuse – actual, apparent, or potential – of the trust that people have in professionals. The simplest working definition states: A conflict of interest is a situation in which financial or other personal considerations have the potential to compromise or bias professional judgment and objectivity. An apparent conflict of interest is one in which a reasonable person would think that the professional's judgment is likely to be compromised. A potential conflict of interest involves a situation that may develop into an actual conflict of interest. It is important to note that a conflict of interest exists whether or not decisions are affected by a personal interest; a conflict of interest implies only the potential for bias, not a likelihood. It is also important to note that a conflict of interest is not considered misconduct in research, since the definition for misconduct is currently limited to fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism."<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630123620/http://nytco.com/press/ethics.html">The New York Times Company</a>: "Conflicts of interest, real or apparent, may arise in many areas. They may involve tensions between journalists' professional obligations to our audience and their relationships with news sources, advocacy groups, advertisers, or competitors; with one another; or with the company or one of its units. And at a time when two-career families are the norm, the civic and professional activities of spouses, household members and other relatives can create conflicts or the appearance of them." </p> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Credentials" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Credentials">Wikipedia:Credentials</a> and its talk page.</span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ZeroInformation-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZeroInformation_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWales2006" class="citation mailinglist cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Wales, Jimmy</a> (16 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20180622205129/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2006-May/046440.html">"Zero information is preferred to misleading or false information"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiEN-l" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiEN-l">WikiEN-l</a></i> (Mailing list). <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2006-May/046440.html">the original</a> on 22 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2018</span>. <q>It should be removed, aggressively, unless it can be sourced. This is true of all information, but it is particularly true of negative information about living persons.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zero+information+is+preferred+to+misleading+or+false+information&rft.pub=Wikimedia+Foundation&rft.date=2006-05-16&rft.aulast=Wales&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.wikimedia.org%2Fpipermail%2Fwikien-l%2F2006-May%2F046440.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ABiographies+of+living+persons" class="Z3988"></span><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWales2006" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Wales, Jimmy (19 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20180622205914/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2006-May/046732.html">"Zero information is preferred to misleading or false information"</a>. <i>WikiEN-l</i> (Mailing list). Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2006-May/046732.html">the original</a> on 22 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2018</span>. <q>If you see an unsourced statement that would be libel if false, and it makes you feel suspicious enough to want to tag it as <span class="nowrap">{{citation needed}}</span>, please do not do that! Please just remove the statement and ask a question on the talk page.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zero+information+is+preferred+to+misleading+or+false+information&rft.pub=Wikimedia+Foundation&rft.date=2006-05-19&rft.aulast=Wales&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.wikimedia.org%2Fpipermail%2Fwikien-l%2F2006-May%2F046732.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ABiographies+of+living+persons" class="Z3988"></span><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWales2006" class="citation web cs1">Wales, Jimmy (4 August 2006). <a class="external text" href="https://wikimania2006.wikimedia.org/wiki/Archives/Jimbo_Keynote">"Archives/Jimbo Keynote"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikimania_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimania 2006">Wikimania 2006</a>. Wikimedia Foundation. <a class="external text" href="https://wikimania2006.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archives/Jimbo_Keynote&oldid=9800">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2018</span>. <q>One of the social things that I think we can do is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BIO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BIO">WP:BIO</a> [...] I think social policies have evolved in recent years, I mean the recent months, to actually handle this problem a lot better. A lot of the admins and experienced editors are taking a really strong stand against unsourced claims, which is always a typical example of the problem. [...] And the few people who are still sort of in the old days, saying, 'Well, you know, it's a wiki, why don't we just... ', yeah, they're sort of falling by the wayside, because lots of people are saying actually, we have a really serious responsibility to get things right.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archives%2FJimbo+Keynote&rft.pub=Wikimedia+Foundation&rft.date=2006-08-04&rft.aulast=Wales&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwikimania2006.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArchives%2FJimbo_Keynote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ABiographies+of+living+persons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Biographies_of_living_persons/Archive_45#Removal_of_WP:DOB" title="Wikipedia talk:Biographies of living persons/Archive 45">Wikipedia talk:Biographies of living persons/Archive 45 § Removal of WP:DOB</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_165#People's_birthdate,_conflicting_(reliable)_sources,_and_WP:SYNTHESIS" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)/Archive 165">Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)/Archive 165 § People's birthdate, conflicting (reliable) sources, and WP:SYNTHESIS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Biographies_of_living_persons/Archive_48#Tweets_announcing_%22Happy_birthday_to_me!_I'm_21_today!%22" title="Wikipedia talk:Biographies of living persons/Archive 48">Wikipedia talk:Biographies of living persons/Archive 48 § Tweets announcing "Happy birthday to me! I'm 21 today!"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration/Rangerdude#Mercy" title="Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Rangerdude">Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Rangerdude § Mercy</a>. Passed 6-0-1.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading" data-mw-thread-id="h-Further_reading"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Further_reading"></span>Further reading<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Further_reading"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul><li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Media_about_living_people" class="extiw" title="wmf:Resolution:Media about living people">Wikimedia Foundation Resolution: Biographies of living people (2009), Media about living people (2013)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines_(?)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template talk:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines_(?)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wikipedia key <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">policies and guidelines</a> <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wikipedia's policies and guidelines are developed by the community to describe best practices, clarify principles, resolve conflicts, and otherwise further our goal.">(?)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Content <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="defines the scope of the encyclopedia and the material that is suitable for it">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biographies of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Copyright</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">Copyright violations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Notability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autobiography" title="Wikipedia:Autobiography">Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">Reliable sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">Medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_include_the_full_text_of_lengthy_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources">Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">Plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_create_hoaxes" title="Wikipedia:Do not create hoaxes">Don't create hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories">Fringe theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patent_nonsense" title="Wikipedia:Patent nonsense">Patent nonsense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">External links</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Conduct <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="describes how editors can successfully collaborate and what behavior is acceptable">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Civility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Harassment" title="Wikipedia:Harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">No personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ownership_of_content" title="Wikipedia:Ownership of content">Ownership of content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_warring" title="Wikipedia:Edit warring">Edit warring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">Dispute resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry" title="Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry">Sockpuppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_legal_threats" title="Wikipedia:No legal threats">No legal threats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Child_protection" title="Wikipedia:Child protection">Child protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Paid-contribution_disclosure" title="Wikipedia:Paid-contribution disclosure">Paid-contribution disclosure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disruptive_editing" title="Wikipedia:Disruptive editing">Disruptive editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_disrupt_Wikipedia_to_illustrate_a_point" title="Wikipedia:Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point">Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gaming_the_system" title="Wikipedia:Gaming the system">Gaming the system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Please do not bite the newcomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Courtesy_vanishing" title="Wikipedia:Courtesy vanishing">Courtesy vanishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Responding_to_threats_of_harm" title="Wikipedia:Responding to threats of harm">Responding to threats of harm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Talk page guidelines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">Signatures</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Deletion <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="explains the processes by which pages, revisions, and logs may be deleted">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">Deletion policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion">Proposed deletion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion_of_biographies_of_living_people" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion of biographies of living people">Biographies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion">Criteria for speedy deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attack_page" title="Wikipedia:Attack page">Attack page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oversight" title="Wikipedia:Oversight">Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Revision_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Revision deletion">Revision deletion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Enforcement <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="explains the various means by which standards may be enforced">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Banning_policy" title="Wikipedia:Banning policy">Banning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">Page protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Editing <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="documents the various protocols about style and grouping">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editing_policy" title="Wikipedia:Editing policy">Editing policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">Summary style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold" title="Wikipedia:Be bold">Be bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Broad-concept_article" title="Wikipedia:Broad-concept article">Broad-concept article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template namespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Project content <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="protocols related to administration">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project namespace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">WikiProjects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userboxes" title="Wikipedia:Userboxes">User boxes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;;background: #dddddd;color:inherit;"><abbr title="Wikimedia Foundation">WMF</abbr> <abbr title="official policies and statements of the Wikimedia Foundation">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal; background: #e6e6e6;color:inherit;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policy:Universal Code of Conduct">Universal Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="wmf:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policies" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policies">List of policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Friendly_space_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Friendly space policy">Friendly space policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy">Licensing and copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;;font-weight: normal;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines">List of all policies and guidelines</a></b> <ul><li><b><span style="color:#118811;"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></span></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">List of policies</a></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></span></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">List of guidelines</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Summaries of values and principles</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=1255771913">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=1255771913</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Moxy" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1730909393"> <span>Last edited on 6 November 2024, at 16:09</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biografie%C3%AB_van_lewende_mense" title="Wikipedia:Biografieë van lewende mense – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wikipedia:Biografieë van lewende mense" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="ويكيبيديا:سير الأحياء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:سير الأحياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:জীৱিত ব্যক্তিৰ জীৱনী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:জীৱিত ব্যক্তিৰ জীৱনী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ویکی‌پدیا:دیری‌لرین بیوقرافی‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:دیری‌لرین بیوقرافی‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:জীবিত ব্যক্তির জীবনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:জীবিত ব্যক্তির জীবনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%99%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Википедия:Замандаштарҙың биографиялары – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Википедия:Замандаштарҙың биографиялары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%96_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Вікіпедыя:Біяграфіі сучаснікаў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вікіпедыя:Біяграфіі сучаснікаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Вікіпэдыя:Жывыя асобы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вікіпэдыя:Жывыя асобы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="विकिपीडिया:जियत लोग के जीवनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विकिपीडिया:जियत लोग के जीवनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Уикипедия:Биографии на живи хора – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Биографии на живи хора" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biografije_%C5%BEivih_osoba" title="Wikipedia:Biografije živih osoba – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Wikipedia:Biografije živih osoba" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Biografies_de_persones_vives" title="Viquipèdia:Biografies de persones vives – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viquipèdia:Biografies de persones vives" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_o_%C5%BEij%C3%ADc%C3%ADch_lidech" title="Wikipedie:Články o žijících lidech – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikipedie:Články o žijících lidech" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biografier_af_levende_personer" title="Wikipedia:Biografier af levende personer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wikipedia:Biografier af levende personer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_%C3%BCber_lebende_Personen" title="Wikipedia:Artikel über lebende Personen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikipedia:Artikel über lebende Personen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%B6%CF%8E%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%8E%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Βικιπαίδεια:Βιογραφίες ζώντων προσώπων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βικιπαίδεια:Βιογραφίες ζώντων προσώπων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biograf%C3%ADas_de_personas_vivas" title="Wikipedia:Biografías de personas vivas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wikipedia:Biografías de personas vivas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedio:Biografioj_de_vivantaj_homoj" title="Vikipedio:Biografioj de vivantaj homoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vikipedio:Biografioj de vivantaj homoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ویکی‌پدیا:زندگی‌نامه زندگان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:زندگی‌نامه زندگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Biographie_de_personne_vivante" title="Wikipédia:Biographie de personne vivante – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wikipédia:Biographie de personne vivante" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedy:Biografyen_fan_libbene_persoanen" title="Wikipedy:Biografyen fan libbene persoanen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wikipedy:Biografyen fan libbene persoanen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biograf%C3%ADas_de_persoas_vivas" title="Wikipedia:Biografías de persoas vivas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wikipedia:Biografías de persoas vivas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE:%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%93%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82_%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="વિકિપીડિયા:જીવંત વ્યક્તિઓનું જીવન ચરિત્ર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિકિપીડિયા:જીવંત વ્યક્તિઓનું જીવન ચરિત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%83%9D%EC%A1%B4_%EC%9D%B8%EB%AC%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:생존 인물의 전기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:생존 인물의 전기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1:%D4%B1%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B2_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վիքիպեդիա:Ապրող անձանց կենսագրություններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիքիպեդիա:Ապրող անձանց կենսագրություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="विकिपीडिया:जीवित व्यक्तियों की जीवनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:जीवित व्यक्तियों की जीवनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:%C5%BDivotopisi_%C5%BEivih_osoba" title="Wikipedija:Životopisi živih osoba – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wikipedija:Životopisi živih osoba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dagiti_biograpia_ti_sibibiag_a_tattao" title="Wikipedia:Dagiti biograpia ti sibibiag a tattao – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Wikipedia:Dagiti biograpia ti sibibiag a tattao" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biografi_tokoh_yang_masih_hidup" title="Wikipedia:Biografi tokoh yang masih hidup – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikipedia:Biografi tokoh yang masih hidup" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%C3%86vi%C3%A1grip_lifandi_f%C3%B3lks" title="Wikipedia:Æviágrip lifandi fólks – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Wikipedia:Æviágrip lifandi fólks" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biografie_di_persone_viventi" title="Wikipedia:Biografie di persone viventi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wikipedia:Biografie di persone viventi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF:%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಜೀವಂತ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳ ಜೀವನ ಚರಿತ್ರೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಜೀವಂತ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳ ಜೀವನ ಚರಿತ್ರೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ვიკიპედია:ცოცხალი ადამიანების ბიოგრაფიები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიკიპედია:ცოცხალი ადამიანების ბიოგრაფიები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedija:Biografiniai_straipsniai" title="Vikipedija:Biografiniai straipsniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikipedija:Biografiniai straipsniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89l%C5%91_szem%C3%A9lyek_%C3%A9letrajza" title="Wikipédia:Élő személyek életrajza – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:Élő személyek életrajza" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Википедија:Биографии на живи личности – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Википедија:Биографии на живи личности" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന വ്യക്തികളുടെ ജീവചരിത്രങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന വ്യക്തികളുടെ ജീവചരിത്രങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ويكيبيديا:سير حياة ناس لسه عايشين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويكيبيديا:سير حياة ناس لسه عايشين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biografi_orang_hidup" title="Wikipedia:Biografi orang hidup – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wikipedia:Biografi orang hidup" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%82%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%81%8F_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:သက်ရှိပုဂ္ဂိုလ်များ၏ အတ္ထုပ္ပတ္တိများ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:သက်ရှိပုဂ္ဂိုလ်များ၏ အတ္ထုပ္ပတ္တိများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biografie%C3%ABn_van_levende_personen" title="Wikipedia:Biografieën van levende personen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wikipedia:Biografieën van levende personen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%98%E5%91%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E3%81%AE%E4%BC%9D%E8%A8%98" title="Wikipedia:存命人物の伝記 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wikipedia:存命人物の伝記" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biografier_om_levende_personer" title="Wikipedia:Biografier om levende personer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wikipedia:Biografier om levende personer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86:%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95_%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%80" title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:ଜୀବିତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କ ଜୀବନୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:ଜୀବିତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କ ଜୀବନୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Tirik_insonlar_biografiyalari" title="Vikipediya:Tirik insonlar biografiyalari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vikipediya:Tirik insonlar biografiyalari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Biografias_de_pessoas_vivas" title="Wikipédia:Biografias de pessoas vivas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Biografias de pessoas vivas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biografiile_persoanelor_%C3%AEn_via%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Wikipedia:Biografiile persoanelor în viață – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wikipedia:Biografiile persoanelor în viață" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Википедия:Биографии современников – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Биографии современников" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biografit%C3%AB_e_personave_t%C3%AB_gjall%C3%AB" title="Wikipedia:Biografitë e personave të gjallë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Wikipedia:Biografitë e personave të gjallë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1" title="විකිපීඩියා:සජීවී පුද්ගල චරිතාපදාන – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:සජීවී පුද්ගල චරිතාපදාන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BB%D9%87%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="وڪيپيڊيا:جيئري ماڻهن جي سوانح حيات – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وڪيپيڊيا:جيئري ماڻهن جي سوانح حيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Biografije_%C5%BEive%C4%8Dih_oseb" title="Wikipedija:Biografije živečih oseb – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wikipedija:Biografije živečih oseb" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ویکیپیدیا:ژیاننامەی کەسایەتییە زیندووەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویکیپیدیا:ژیاننامەی کەسایەتییە زیندووەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Википедија:Биографије живих особа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Википедија:Биографије живих особа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Biografije_%C5%BEivih_osoba" title="Wikipedija:Biografije živih osoba – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wikipedija:Biografije živih osoba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikkelit_el%C3%A4vist%C3%A4_henkil%C3%B6ist%C3%A4" title="Wikipedia:Artikkelit elävistä henkilöistä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wikipedia:Artikkelit elävistä henkilöistä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Artiklar_om_nu_levande_personer" title="Wikipedia:Artiklar om nu levande personer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikipedia:Artiklar om nu levande personer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE:%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:வாழும் மனிதர்களின் வாழ்க்கை வரலாறு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:வாழும் மனிதர்களின் வாழ்க்கை வரலாறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%AF%D1%88%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BD_%D1%88%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Википедия:Яши биргән шәхесләр биографияләре – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Википедия:Яши биргән шәхесләр биографияләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%81%B5%E1%80%B0%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B8%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AF" title="ဝီႇၶီႇၽီးတီးယႃး:ပိုၼ်း ၵူၼ်းၸိူဝ်းတိုၵ်ႉမီးဢႃႇယု – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဝီႇၶီႇၽီးတီးယႃး:ပိုၼ်း ၵူၼ်းၸိူဝ်းတိုၵ်ႉမီးဢႃႇယု" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="వికీపీడియా:జీవించి ఉన్నవారి చరిత్రలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వికీపీడియా:జీవించి ఉన్నవారి చరిత్రలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" title="วิกิพีเดีย:ชีวประวัติของบุคคลที่มีชีวิตอยู่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิกิพีเดีย:ชีวประวัติของบุคคลที่มีชีวิตอยู่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Википедиа:Зиндагиномаи зиндагон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Википедиа:Зиндагиномаи зиндагон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Ya%C5%9Fayan_insanlar%C4%B1n_biyografileri" title="Vikipedi:Yaşayan insanların biyografileri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Yaşayan insanların biyografileri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Вікіпедія:Біографії живих людей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікіпедія:Біографії живих людей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD_%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ویکیپیڈیا:بقید حیات شخصیات کی سوانح نگاری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویکیپیڈیا:بقید حیات شخصیات کی سوانح نگاری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ti%E1%BB%83u_s%E1%BB%AD_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_%C4%91ang_s%E1%BB%91ng" title="Wikipedia:Tiểu sử người đang sống – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wikipedia:Tiểu sử người đang sống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%B0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D6%BC%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2:%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A1_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A2_%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9F" title="װיקיפּעדיע:ביאגראפיעס פון לעבעדיגע פערזענליכקייטן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="װיקיפּעדיע:ביאגראפיעס פון לעבעדיגע פערזענליכקייטן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%AC%9B%E5%9C%A8%E7%94%9F%E5%98%85%E4%BA%BA" title="Wikipedia:講在生嘅人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Wikipedia:講在生嘅人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%94%9F%E8%80%85%E5%82%B3%E8%A8%98" title="Wikipedia:生者傳記 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikipedia:生者傳記" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 November 2024, at 16:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available 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