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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typewriter_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Typewriter art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typewriter_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TTY_and_RTTY" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TTY_and_RTTY"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>TTY and RTTY</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TTY_and_RTTY-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Line-printer_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Line-printer_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Line-printer art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Line-printer_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ASCII_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ASCII_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>ASCII art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ASCII_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ANSI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ANSI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>ANSI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ANSI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_and_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_and_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types and styles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_and_styles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types and styles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_and_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Emoticons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emoticons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Emoticons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emoticons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ASCII_comic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ASCII_comic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>ASCII comic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ASCII_comic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Adventures_of_Nerd_Boy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Adventures_of_Nerd_Boy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>The Adventures of Nerd Boy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Adventures_of_Nerd_Boy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styles_of_the_computer_underground_text_art_scene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styles_of_the_computer_underground_text_art_scene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Styles of the computer underground text art scene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styles_of_the_computer_underground_text_art_scene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Atari_400/800_ATASCII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atari_400/800_ATASCII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Atari 400/800 ATASCII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atari_400/800_ATASCII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C-64_PETSCII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C-64_PETSCII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>C-64 PETSCII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C-64_PETSCII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Block_ASCII"_/_"High_ASCII"_style_ASCII_art_on_the_IBM_PC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Block_ASCII"_/_"High_ASCII"_style_ASCII_art_on_the_IBM_PC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>"Block ASCII" / "High ASCII" style ASCII art on the IBM PC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Block_ASCII"_/_"High_ASCII"_style_ASCII_art_on_the_IBM_PC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Amiga"/"Oldskool"_style_ASCII_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Amiga"/"Oldskool"_style_ASCII_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>"Amiga"/"Oldskool" style ASCII art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Amiga"/"Oldskool"_style_ASCII_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_text_editors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_text_editors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4.1</span> <span>In text editors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_text_editors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newskool_style_ASCII_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newskool_style_ASCII_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.5</span> <span>Newskool style ASCII art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newskool_style_ASCII_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methods_for_generating_ASCII_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methods_for_generating_ASCII_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Methods for generating ASCII art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Methods_for_generating_ASCII_art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Methods for generating ASCII art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Methods_for_generating_ASCII_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Image_to_text_conversion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_to_text_conversion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Image to text conversion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_to_text_conversion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non_fixed-width_ASCII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non_fixed-width_ASCII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Non fixed-width ASCII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non_fixed-width_ASCII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animated_ASCII_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animated_ASCII_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Animated ASCII art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animated_ASCII_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_text-based_visual_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_text-based_visual_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other text-based visual art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_text-based_visual_art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other text-based visual art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_text-based_visual_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ANSI_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ANSI_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>ANSI art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ANSI_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shift_JIS_and_Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shift_JIS_and_Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Shift_JIS and Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shift_JIS_and_Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kaomoji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaomoji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Kaomoji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaomoji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Control_and_combining_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control_and_combining_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Control and combining characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Control_and_combining_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overprinting_(surprint)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overprinting_(surprint)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Overprinting (surprint)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overprinting_(surprint)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ASCII art</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A" title="فن أسكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فن أسكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA" title="অ্যাস্‌কি শিল্প – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাস্‌কি শিল্প" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="ASCII изкуство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="ASCII изкуство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_ASCII" title="Art ASCII – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Art ASCII" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_art" title="ASCII art – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="ASCII art" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_art" title="ASCII art – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="ASCII art" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII-Art" title="ASCII-Art – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="ASCII-Art" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII-kunst" title="ASCII-kunst – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="ASCII-kunst" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_ASCII" title="Arte ASCII – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arte ASCII" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII-arto" title="ASCII-arto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="ASCII-arto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="هنر اسکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنر اسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_ASCII" title="Art ASCII – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Art ASCII" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_ASCII" title="Arte ASCII – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arte ASCII" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4_%EC%95%84%ED%8A%B8" title="아스키 아트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아스키 아트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF" title="ASCII արվեստ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ASCII արվեստ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascii-art" title="Ascii-art – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ascii-art" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_ASCII" title="Seni ASCII – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seni ASCII" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_in_ASCII" title="Arte in ASCII – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Arte in ASCII" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_art" title="ASCII art – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="ASCII art" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_ASCII" title="אמנות ASCII – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמנות ASCII" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_m%C4%81ksla" title="ASCII māksla – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ASCII māksla" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_menas" title="ASCII menas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="ASCII menas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_ASCII" title="Seni ASCII – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seni ASCII" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII-art" title="ASCII-art – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="ASCII-art" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="アスキーアート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アスキーアート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII-kunst" title="ASCII-kunst – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="ASCII-kunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII-kunst" title="ASCII-kunst – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="ASCII-kunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII-Art" title="ASCII-Art – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="ASCII-Art" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_art" title="ASCII art – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ASCII art" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="ASCII-графика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ASCII-графика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D2%BB%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тиэкис графическай уруһуйдара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тиэкис графическай уруһуйдара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ASCII කලාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ASCII කලාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_art" title="ASCII art – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="ASCII art" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_umenie" title="ASCII umenie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="ASCII umenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII-umetnost" title="ASCII-umetnost – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="ASCII-umetnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aski_umetnost" title="Aski umetnost – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Aski umetnost" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII-taide" title="ASCII-taide – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="ASCII-taide" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII-konst" title="ASCII-konst – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="ASCII-konst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_sanat%C4%B1" title="ASCII sanatı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="ASCII sanatı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="ASCII-графіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="ASCII-графіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_thu%E1%BA%ADt_ASCII" title="Nghệ thuật ASCII – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nghệ thuật ASCII" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="ASCII艺术 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="ASCII艺术" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=Character_graphic&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Character graphic">Character graphic</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Computer art form using text characters</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Text Art" redirects here. For the art form also known as "text art", see <a href="/wiki/Word_art" title="Word art">Word art</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish-shell-logo-ascii-black.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fish-shell-logo-ascii-black.svg/220px-Fish-shell-logo-ascii-black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fish-shell-logo-ascii-black.svg/330px-Fish-shell-logo-ascii-black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fish-shell-logo-ascii-black.svg/440px-Fish-shell-logo-ascii-black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption>ASCII art of a fish</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ASCII art</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">graphic design</a> technique that uses <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a> for presentation and consists of pictures pieced together from the 95 printable (from a total of 128) <a href="/wiki/Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">characters</a> defined by the <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> Standard from 1963 and ASCII compliant character sets with proprietary extended characters (beyond the 128 characters of standard 7-bit ASCII). The term is also loosely used to refer to <a href="#Other_text-based_visual_art">text-based visual art in general</a>. ASCII art can be created with any <a href="/wiki/Text_editor" title="Text editor">text editor</a>, and is often used with <a href="/wiki/Free-form_language" title="Free-form language">free-form languages</a>. Most examples of ASCII <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> require a <a href="/wiki/Monospaced_font" title="Monospaced font">fixed-width font</a> (non-proportional <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">fonts</a>, as on a traditional <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a>) such as <a href="/wiki/Courier_(typeface)" title="Courier (typeface)">Courier</a> for presentation. </p><p>Among the oldest known examples of ASCII art are the creations by computer-art pioneer <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Knowlton" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Knowlton">Kenneth Knowlton</a> from around 1966, who was working for <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-cgihist_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgihist-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Studies in Perception I" by Knowlton and <a href="/wiki/Leon_Harmon" title="Leon Harmon">Leon Harmon</a> from 1966 shows some examples of their early ASCII art.<sup id="cite_ref-sip1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sip1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ASCII art was invented, in large part, because early printers often lacked graphics ability and thus, characters were used in place of graphic marks. Also, to mark divisions between different print jobs from different users, bulk printers often used ASCII art to print large <a href="/wiki/Banner_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Banner page">banner pages</a>, making the division easier to spot so that the results could be more easily separated by a computer operator or clerk.<sup id="cite_ref-Moritsugu2000_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moritsugu2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ASCII art was also used in early e-mail when images could not be embedded. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typewriter_art">Typewriter art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Typewriter art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn-Daily-Eagle-1875-01-06_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A portion of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 6 January 1875, showing an advertisement made from typewriter art." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Brooklyn-Daily-Eagle-1875-01-06_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Brooklyn-Daily-Eagle-1875-01-06_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Brooklyn-Daily-Eagle-1875-01-06_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Brooklyn-Daily-Eagle-1875-01-06_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Brooklyn-Daily-Eagle-1875-01-06_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>"Typewriter art" advertisement in the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a>, 6 January 1875</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1867, typewriters have been used for creating visual art.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2013)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typists could find guides in books or magazines with instructions on how to type portraits or other depictions.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TTY_and_RTTY">TTY and RTTY</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: TTY and RTTY"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_-_ASCII_-_teleprinter_art_-1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_-_ASCII_-_teleprinter_art_-1962.jpg/170px-Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_-_ASCII_-_teleprinter_art_-1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_-_ASCII_-_teleprinter_art_-1962.jpg/255px-Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_-_ASCII_-_teleprinter_art_-1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_-_ASCII_-_teleprinter_art_-1962.jpg/340px-Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_-_ASCII_-_teleprinter_art_-1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1103" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a>, printout from <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">teleprinter</a> 1961–1962</figcaption></figure> <p>TTY stands for "TeleTYpe" or "TeleTYpewriter", and is also known as <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> or Teletype. RTTY stands for <a href="/wiki/Radioteletype" title="Radioteletype">Radioteletype</a>; <a href="/wiki/Character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Character set">character sets</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Baudot_code" title="Baudot code">Baudot code</a>, which predated ASCII, were used. According to a chapter in the "RTTY Handbook", text images have been sent via teletypewriter as early as 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-rttyhb_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rttyhb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, none of the "old" RTTY art has been discovered yet. What is known is that text images appeared frequently on radioteletype in the 1960s and the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-joan_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Line-printer_art">Line-printer art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Line-printer art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Andries_van_Dam" title="Andries van Dam">Andries van Dam</a> published a representation of an electronic circuit produced on an <a href="/wiki/IBM_1403" title="IBM 1403">IBM 1403</a> <a href="/wiki/Line_printer" title="Line printer">line printer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Knowlton" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Knowlton">Kenneth Knowlton</a> was producing realistic images, also on line printers, by overprinting several characters on top of one another.<sup id="cite_ref-sip1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sip1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that it was not ASCII art in a sense that the 1403 was driven by an <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a>-coded platform and the character sets and trains available on the 1403 were derived from EBCDIC rather than ASCII, despite some glyphs commonalities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ASCII_art">ASCII art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: ASCII art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The widespread usage of ASCII art can be traced to the computer <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">bulletin board systems</a> of the late 1970s and early 1980s. The limitations of computers of that time period necessitated the use of text characters to represent images. Along with ASCII's use in communication, however, it also began to appear in the underground online art groups of the period. An ASCII comic is a form of <a href="/wiki/Webcomic" title="Webcomic">webcomic</a> which uses ASCII text to create images. In place of images in a regular comic, ASCII art is used, with the text or dialog usually placed underneath.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aa_example1.png" class="mw-file-description" title=""Oldskool" or "Amiga" style ASCII banner text"><img alt=""Oldskool" or "Amiga" style ASCII banner text" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Aa_example1.png/120px-Aa_example1.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Aa_example1.png/180px-Aa_example1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Aa_example1.png/240px-Aa_example1.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="95" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Oldskool" or "Amiga" style ASCII banner text</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aa_example2.png" class="mw-file-description" title=""Newskool" style"><img alt=""Newskool" style" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Aa_example2.png/120px-Aa_example2.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Aa_example2.png/180px-Aa_example2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Aa_example2.png/240px-Aa_example2.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Newskool" style</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aa_example3.png" class="mw-file-description" title=""Block" or "High ASCII" style, cf. ANSI art"><img alt=""Block" or "High ASCII" style, cf. ANSI art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Aa_example3.png/120px-Aa_example3.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Aa_example3.png/180px-Aa_example3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Aa_example3.png/240px-Aa_example3.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="115" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Block" or "High ASCII" style, cf. <a href="/wiki/ANSI_art" title="ANSI art">ANSI art</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ascii_art_alphabet.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The alphabet in Newskool (Note: artificially shrunk vertically)"><img alt="The alphabet in Newskool (Note: artificially shrunk vertically)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ascii_art_alphabet.png/120px-Ascii_art_alphabet.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ascii_art_alphabet.png/180px-Ascii_art_alphabet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ascii_art_alphabet.png/240px-Ascii_art_alphabet.png 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="77" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The alphabet in Newskool (Note: artificially shrunk vertically)</div> </li> </ul> <p>During the 1990s, graphical browsing and <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_font" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable-width font">variable-width</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">fonts</a> became increasingly popular, leading to a decline in ASCII art. Despite this, ASCII art continued to survive through online <a href="/wiki/Multi-user_dungeon" title="Multi-user dungeon">MUDs</a>, an acronym for "Multi-User Dungeon", (which are textual <a href="/wiki/Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiplayer">multiplayer</a> <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">role-playing video games</a>), <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">Email</a>, <a href="/wiki/Message_boards" class="mw-redirect" title="Message boards">message boards</a>, and other forms of online communication which commonly employ the needed <a href="/wiki/Monospaced_font" title="Monospaced font">fixed-width</a>. </p><p>It is seen to this day on the <a href="/wiki/Command_line_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Command line interface">CLI</a> <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">app</a> <a href="/wiki/Neofetch" title="Neofetch">Neofetch</a>, which displays the <a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logo</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">OS</a> on which it is invoked.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ASCII_full.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="There are 95 printable ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126."><img alt="There are 95 printable ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/ASCII_full.svg/120px-ASCII_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/ASCII_full.svg/180px-ASCII_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/ASCII_full.svg/240px-ASCII_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="164" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">There are 95 printable ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arch_Linux_Base_Neofetch_output.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Neofetch on Arch Linux"><img alt="Neofetch on Arch Linux" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Arch_Linux_Base_Neofetch_output.png/120px-Arch_Linux_Base_Neofetch_output.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Arch_Linux_Base_Neofetch_output.png/180px-Arch_Linux_Base_Neofetch_output.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Arch_Linux_Base_Neofetch_output.png/240px-Arch_Linux_Base_Neofetch_output.png 2x" data-file-width="1370" data-file-height="1028" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neofetch on <a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch Linux</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neofetch.png" class="mw-file-description" title="On MacOS Mojave"><img alt="On MacOS Mojave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Neofetch.png/120px-Neofetch.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Neofetch.png/180px-Neofetch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Neofetch.png/240px-Neofetch.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="545" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">On <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">MacOS Mojave</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ANSI">ANSI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: ANSI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ASCII and more importantly, <a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ANSI</a> were staples of the early technological era; terminal systems relied on coherent presentation using color and control signals standard in the terminal protocols. </p><p>Over the years, <a href="/wiki/Warez" title="Warez">warez</a> groups began to enter the ASCII art scene.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warez groups usually release <a href="/wiki/.nfo" title=".nfo">.nfo</a> files with their software, <a href="/wiki/Software_cracking" title="Software cracking">cracks</a> or other general software reverse-engineering releases.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ASCII art will usually include the warez group's name and maybe some ASCII borders on the outsides of the release notes, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">BBS</a> systems were based on ASCII and ANSI art, as were most <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> and similar <a href="/wiki/System_console" class="mw-redirect" title="System console">console</a> applications, and the precursor to <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ASCII_Panzerhaubitze_und_Sattelzug.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/ASCII_Panzerhaubitze_und_Sattelzug.png" decoding="async" width="171" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="129" /></a><figcaption>A self-propelled howitzer and truck made using ASCII art</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NVIDIA_ASCII_logo.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/NVIDIA_ASCII_logo.webp/220px-NVIDIA_ASCII_logo.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/NVIDIA_ASCII_logo.webp/330px-NVIDIA_ASCII_logo.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/NVIDIA_ASCII_logo.webp/440px-NVIDIA_ASCII_logo.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="3827" data-file-height="2406" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> ASCII logo</figcaption></figure> <p>ASCII art is used wherever text can be more readily printed or transmitted than graphics, or in some cases, where the transmission of pictures is not possible. This includes typewriters, <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">teleprinters</a>, non-graphic <a href="/wiki/Computer_terminal" title="Computer terminal">computer terminals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Printer_separator" class="mw-redirect" title="Printer separator">printer separators</a>, in early <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networking</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">BBSes</a>), <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a> news messages. ASCII art is also used within the <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> of computer programs for representation of company or product logos, and flow control or other diagrams. In some cases, the entire source code of a program is a piece of ASCII art – for instance, an entry to one of the earlier <a href="/wiki/International_Obfuscated_C_Code_Contest" title="International Obfuscated C Code Contest">International Obfuscated C Code Contest</a> is a program that adds numbers, but visually looks like a binary adder drawn in logic ports.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Electronic_schematic" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic schematic">electronic schematic</a> archives represent the circuits using ASCII art.<sup id="cite_ref-Markup_2004_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markup_2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Circuits_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Circuits-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schematics_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schematics-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cunningham_2010_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cunningham_2010-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASCII-Circuits_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASCII-Circuits-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_2005_SR-T_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2005_SR-T-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_2009_SR-T_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2009_SR-T-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_2005_Remote_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2005_Remote-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_2007_PT-04_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2007_PT-04-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_2009_4000AF_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2009_4000AF-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_2012_PCT-100_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2012_PCT-100-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of ASCII-style art predating the modern computer era can be found in the June 1939, July 1948 and October 1948 editions of Popular Mechanics.<sup id="cite_ref-popscience_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popscience-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early computer games played on terminals frequently used ASCII art to simulate graphics, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Roguelike" title="Roguelike">roguelike</a> genre using ASCII art to visually represent dungeons and monsters within them.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "0verkill" is a 2D platform multiplayer shooter game designed entirely in color ASCII art.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/MPlayer" title="MPlayer">MPlayer</a> and <a href="/wiki/VLC_media_player" title="VLC media player">VLC media player</a> can display videos as ASCII art through the <a href="/wiki/AAlib" title="AAlib">AAlib</a> library. ASCII art is used in the making of DOS-based <a href="/wiki/ZZT" title="ZZT">ZZT</a> games. </p><p>Many game walkthrough guides come as part of a basic .txt file; this file often contains the name of the game in ASCII art. Such as below, word art is created using backslashes and other ASCII values in order to create the illusion of 3D. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_and_styles">Types and styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Types and styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Different techniques could be used in ASCII art to obtain different artistic effects. </p><p>"Typewriter-style" lettering, made from individual letter characters:<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </p> <pre>H H EEEEE L L OOO W W OOO RRRR L DDDD  !! H H E L L O O W W W O O R R L D D !! HHHHH EEEEE L L O O W W W O O RRRR L D D !! H H E L L O O ,, W W O O R R L D D H H EEEEE LLLLL LLLLL OOO ,, W W OOO R R LLLLL DDDD  !! </pre> <p>Line art, for creating shapes: </p> <pre>.--. /\ ____ '--' /__\ (^._.^)~ <(o.o )> </pre> <p>Solid art, for creating filled objects: </p> <pre>.g@8g. db 'Y8@P' d88b </pre> <p>Shading, using symbols with various intensities for creating gradients or contrasts: </p> <pre>:$#$: "4b. ':. :$#$: "4b. ':. </pre> <p>Combinations of the above, often used as signatures, for example, at the end of an email: </p> <pre> |\_/| **************************** (\_/) / @ @ \ * "Purrrfectly pleasant" * (='.'=) ( > º < ) * Poppy Prinz * (")_(") `>>x<<´ * (pprinz@example.com) * / O \ **************************** </pre> <p>As-pixel characters use combinations of ░ , █ , ▄, ▀ (<a href="/wiki/Block_Elements" title="Block Elements">Block Elements</a>), and/or ⣿, ⣴, ⢁, etc (<a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">Braille ASCII</a>) to make pictures: </p> <pre>⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣾⣿⣷⣦⣌⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡈⢻⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⠟⠋⣉⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⡷⢀⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⡿⠋⣠⣾⣿⣿⠟⢁⣼⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⡿⠋⣠⣾⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⡿⠋⣠⣾⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡿⠋⣠⣾⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⣠⣾⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⣠⣾⣿⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣧⡈⠻⢿⣿⡿⠋⣠⣾⣿⣿⡟⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emoticons">Emoticons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Emoticons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">Emoticon</a></div> <p>The simplest forms of ASCII art are combinations of two or three characters for expressing emotion in text. They are commonly referred to as '<a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">emoticon</a>', 'smilie', or '<a href="/wiki/Smiley" title="Smiley">smiley</a>'. There is another type of one-line ASCII art that does not require the mental rotation of pictures, which is widely known in Japan as <a href="/wiki/Kaomoji" title="Kaomoji">kaomoji</a> (literally "face characters".) </p><p>More complex examples use several lines of text to draw large symbols or more complex figures. <a href="/wiki/List_of_emoticons" title="List of emoticons">Hundreds of different text smileys</a> have developed over time,<sup id="cite_ref-smileys2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smileys2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but only a few are generally accepted, used and understood. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ASCII_comic">ASCII comic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: ASCII comic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <b>ASCII comic</b> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Webcomic" title="Webcomic">webcomic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Adventures_of_Nerd_Boy">The Adventures of Nerd Boy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Adventures of Nerd Boy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>The Adventures of Nerd Boy</b>, or just <b>Nerd Boy</b>, was an ASCII comic, published by Joaquim Gândara between 5 August 2001 and 17 July 2007, and consisting of 600 strips. They were posted to ASCII art <a href="/wiki/Newsgroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsgroup">newsgroup</a> alt.ascii-art and on the website.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some strips have been translated to <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Styles_of_the_computer_underground_text_art_scene">Styles of the computer underground text art scene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Styles of the computer underground text art scene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atari_400/800_ATASCII"><span id="Atari_400.2F800_ATASCII"></span><span class="anchor" id="ATASCII_art"></span>Atari 400/800 ATASCII</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Atari 400/800 ATASCII"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Atari_8-bit_computers" title="Atari 8-bit computers">Atari 400/800</a>, which were released in 1979, did not follow the ASCII standard and had their own character set, called <a href="/wiki/ATASCII" title="ATASCII">ATASCII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (March 2012)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> The emergence of ATASCII art coincided with the growing popularity of <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">BBS Systems</a> caused by availability of the <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_coupler" title="Acoustic coupler">acoustic couplers</a> that were compatible with the 8-bit home computers. ATASCII text animations are also referred to as "break animations" by the Atari sceners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="C-64_PETSCII"><span class="anchor" id="PETSCII_art"></span>C-64 PETSCII</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: C-64 PETSCII"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a>, which was released in 1982, also did not follow the ASCII standard. The C-64 character set is called <a href="/wiki/PETSCII" title="PETSCII">PETSCII</a>, an extended form of <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>-1963. As with the Atari's ATASCII art, C-64 fans developed a similar scene that used PETSCII for their creations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Block_ASCII"_/_"High_ASCII"_style_ASCII_art_on_the_IBM_PC"><span id=".22Block_ASCII.22_.2F_.22High_ASCII.22_style_ASCII_art_on_the_IBM_PC"></span>"Block ASCII" / "High ASCII" style ASCII art on the IBM PC</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: "Block ASCII" / "High ASCII" style ASCII art on the IBM PC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Contradicts_other plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accuracy dispute"><img alt="Accuracy dispute" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ambox_contradict.svg/40px-Ambox_contradict.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ambox_contradict.svg/60px-Ambox_contradict.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ambox_contradict.svg/80px-Ambox_contradict.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>appears to contradict the article <a href="/wiki/ANSI_art" title="ANSI art">ANSI art</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please discuss at the <a href="/wiki/Talk:ASCII_art" title="Talk:ASCII art">talk page</a> and do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ASCII_notepad_acidview_compare.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/ASCII_notepad_acidview_compare.png/200px-ASCII_notepad_acidview_compare.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/ASCII_notepad_acidview_compare.png/300px-ASCII_notepad_acidview_compare.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/ASCII_notepad_acidview_compare.png/400px-ASCII_notepad_acidview_compare.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption>Block ASCII display via Notepad versus ACiDView for Windows</figcaption></figure> <p>So-called "block ASCII" or "high ASCII" uses the extended characters of the 8-bit <a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">code page 437</a>, which is a proprietary standard introduced by <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> in 1979 (ANSI Standard x3.16) for the IBM PC DOS and MS-DOS operating systems. "Block ASCIIs" were widely used on the PC during the 1990s until the Internet replaced BBSes as the main communication platform. Until then, "block ASCIIs" dominated the <a href="/wiki/Computer_art_scene" title="Computer art scene">PC Text Art Scene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-asciistyles_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asciistyles-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ddarthistory_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ddarthistory-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first art scene group that focused on the extended character set of the PC in their art work was called "<a href="/wiki/Aces_of_ANSI_Art" title="Aces of ANSI Art">Aces of ANSI Art</a>" (<a href="/wiki/A.A.A" class="mw-redirect" title="A.A.A"><A.A.A></a>). Some members left in 1990, and formed a group called "<a href="/wiki/ANSI_Creators_in_Demand" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI Creators in Demand">ANSI Creators in Demand</a>" (<a href="/wiki/ACiD" class="mw-redirect" title="ACiD">ACiD</a>). In that same year the second major underground art scene group was founded, <a href="/wiki/ICE_Advertisements" title="ICE Advertisements">ICE</a>, "Insane Creators Enterprise".<sup id="cite_ref-100years_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100years-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is some debate between ASCII and block ASCII artists, with "Hardcore" ASCII artists maintaining that block ASCII art is in fact not ASCII art, because it does not use the 128 characters of the original ASCII standard. On the other hand, block ASCII artists argue that if their art uses only characters of the computers character set, then it is to be called ASCII, regardless if the character set is proprietary or not. </p><p>Microsoft Windows does not support the <a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">ANSI Standard</a> x3.16. One can view block ASCIIs with a text editor using the font "<a href="/wiki/Terminal_(font)" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal (font)">Terminal</a>", but it will not look exactly as it was intended by the artist. With a special ASCII/ANSI viewer, such as ACiDView for Windows (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_text_editors#ASCII_and_ANSI_art" title="List of text editors">ASCII and ANSI art viewers</a>), one can see block ASCII and ANSI files properly. An example that <a href="#"Block"_ASCII_art">illustrates the difference</a> in appearance is part of this article. Alternatively, one could look at the file using the <a href="/wiki/TYPE_(DOS_command)" title="TYPE (DOS command)">TYPE</a> command in the command prompt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Amiga"/"Oldskool"_style_ASCII_art"><span id=".22Amiga.22.2F.22Oldskool.22_style_ASCII_art"></span>"Amiga"/"Oldskool" style ASCII art</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: "Amiga"/"Oldskool" style ASCII art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paso-IceCream-AmigaVsPC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/Paso-IceCream-AmigaVsPC.png/200px-Paso-IceCream-AmigaVsPC.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/Paso-IceCream-AmigaVsPC.png/300px-Paso-IceCream-AmigaVsPC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/Paso-IceCream-AmigaVsPC.png/400px-Paso-IceCream-AmigaVsPC.png 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption>Oldschool/Amiga ASCII look on Commodore Amiga Computer versus look on the IBM PC (notice the tight spacing)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the art scene one popular ASCII style that used the 7-bit standard ASCII character set was the so-called "Oldskool" style. It is also called "Amiga style", due to its origin and widespread use on the <a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Commodore Amiga</a> computers. The style uses primarily the characters: <code>_/\-+=.()<>:</code>. The "oldskool" art looks more like the outlined drawings of shapes than real pictures. This is an example of "<a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a> style" (also referred to as "old school" or "oldskool" style) <a href="/wiki/Computer_art_scene" title="Computer art scene">scene</a> ASCII art.<sup id="cite_ref-asciistyles_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asciistyles-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Amiga ASCII scene surfaced in 1992, seven years after the introduction of the Commodore <a href="/wiki/Amiga_1000" title="Amiga 1000">Amiga 1000</a>. The Commodore 64 PETSCII scene did not make the transition to the Commodore Amiga as the C64 demo and warez scenes did. Among the first Amiga ASCII art groups were ART, Epsilon Design, Upper Class, Unreal (later known as "DeZign"). This means that the text art scene on the Amiga was actually younger than the text art scene on the PC. The Amiga artists also did not call their ASCII art style "Oldskool". That term was introduced on the PC. When and by whom is unknown and lost in history. </p><p>The Amiga style ASCII artwork was most often released in the form of a single text file, which included all the artwork (usually requested), with some design parts in between, as opposed to the PC art scene where the art work was released as a <a href="/wiki/ZIP_archive" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP archive">ZIP archive</a> with separate text files for each piece. Furthermore, the releases were usually called "ASCII collections" and not "art packs" like on the IBM PC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="In_text_editors">In text editors</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In text editors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <pre style="float:right;"> _____ ___ ____ _ _ | ___|_ _/ ___| | ___| |_ | |_ | | | _| |/ _ \ __| | _| | | |_| | | __/ |_ |_| |___\____|_|\___|\__| </pre> <p>This kind of ASCII art is handmade in a text editor. Popular editors used to make this kind of ASCII art include <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Notepad" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Notepad">Microsoft Notepad</a>, <a href="/wiki/CygnusEd" title="CygnusEd">CygnusEditor</a> aka. CED (<a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a>), and EditPlus2 (<a href="/wiki/Wintel" title="Wintel">PC</a>). </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oldskool_font&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oldskool font (page does not exist)">Oldskool font</a> example from the PC, which was taken from the ASCII editor <a href="/wiki/FIGlet" title="FIGlet">FIGlet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Newskool_style_ASCII_art">Newskool style ASCII art</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Newskool style ASCII art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roy-csnewskool.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Roy-csnewskool.png/200px-Roy-csnewskool.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Roy-csnewskool.png/300px-Roy-csnewskool.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Roy-csnewskool.png/400px-Roy-csnewskool.png 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>Newskool ASCII screenshot</figcaption></figure> <p>"Newskool" is a popular form of ASCII art which capitalizes on character strings like "$#Xxo". In spite of its name, the style is not "new"; on the contrary, it was very old but fell out of favor and was replaced by "Oldskool" and "Block" style ASCII art. It was dubbed "Newskool" upon its comeback and renewed popularity at the end of the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-asciistyles_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asciistyles-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newskool changed significantly as the result of the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">extended proprietary characters</a>. The classic 7-bit standard ASCII characters remain predominant, but the extended characters are often used for "fine tuning" and "tweaking". The style developed further after the introduction and adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methods_for_generating_ASCII_art">Methods for generating ASCII art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Methods for generating ASCII art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_text_editors#ASCII_and_ANSI_art" title="List of text editors">List of text editors § ASCII and ANSI art</a></div> <p>While some prefer to use a simple <a href="/wiki/Text_editor" title="Text editor">text editor</a> to produce ASCII art, specialized programs, such as JavE have been developed that often simulate the features and tools in bitmap image editors. For Block ASCII art and ANSI art the artist almost always uses a special text editor, because to generate the required characters on a standard keyboard, one needs to know the <a href="/wiki/Alt_code" title="Alt code">Alt code</a> for each character. For example, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">7</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">8</kbd> will produce ▓, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">7</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">7</kbd> will produce ▒, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">8</kbd> will produce ◘. </p><p>The special text editors have sets of special characters assigned to existing keys on the keyboard. Popular <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>-based editors, such as <a href="/wiki/TheDraw" title="TheDraw">TheDraw</a> and ACiDDraw had multiple sets of different special characters mapped to the <a href="/wiki/Function_key" title="Function key">function keys</a> to make the use of those characters easier for the artist who can switch between individual sets of characters via basic keyboard shortcuts. PabloDraw is one of the very few special ASCII/ANSI art editors that were developed for <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_to_text_conversion">Image to text conversion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Image to text conversion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other programs allow one to automatically convert an image to text characters, which is a special case of <a href="/wiki/Vector_quantization" title="Vector quantization">vector quantization</a>. A method is to sample the image down to <a href="/wiki/Grayscale" title="Grayscale">grayscale</a> with less than <a href="/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)" title="Integer (computer science)">8-bit</a> precision, and then assign a character for each value. Such ASCII art generators often allow users to choose the intensity and contrast of the generated image.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three factors limit the <i>fidelity</i> of the conversion, especially of photographs: </p> <ul><li>depth (solutions: reduced line spacing; bold style; block elements; colored background; good <a href="#Types_and_styles">shading</a>);</li> <li>sharpness (solutions: a longer text, with a smaller font; a greater set of characters; <a href="#Non_fixed-width_ASCII">variable width</a> fonts);</li> <li>ratio (solutions with compatibility issues: font with a square grid; stylized without extra <a href="/wiki/Leading" title="Leading">line spacing</a>).</li></ul> <p>Examples of converted images are given below. </p><p>This is one of the earliest forms of ASCII art, dating back to the early days of the 1960s <a href="/wiki/Minicomputer" title="Minicomputer">minicomputers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">teletypes</a>. During the 1970s, it was popular in US <a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">malls</a> to get a <a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">t-shirt</a> with a photograph printed in ASCII art on it from an automated kiosk containing a computer, and London's <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a> had a similar service to produce printed portraits. With the advent of the web, <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a>, many ASCII conversion programs will now quantize to a full <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a> colorspace, enabling colorized ASCII images. </p> <table style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Redwingblackbird1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Redwingblackbird1.jpg/200px-Redwingblackbird1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Redwingblackbird1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="212" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red-winged_blackbird_ASCII_art.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Red-winged_blackbird_ASCII_art.png/200px-Red-winged_blackbird_ASCII_art.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Red-winged_blackbird_ASCII_art.png/300px-Red-winged_blackbird_ASCII_art.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Red-winged_blackbird_ASCII_art.png/400px-Red-winged_blackbird_ASCII_art.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="456" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bird_converted_to_ASCII_characters.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bird_converted_to_ASCII_characters.png/200px-Bird_converted_to_ASCII_characters.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bird_converted_to_ASCII_characters.png/300px-Bird_converted_to_ASCII_characters.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bird_converted_to_ASCII_characters.png/400px-Bird_converted_to_ASCII_characters.png 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="346" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Still images or movies can also be converted to ASCII on various <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNIX-like" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX-like">UNIX-like</a> systems using the <a href="/wiki/AAlib" title="AAlib">AAlib</a> (black and white) or <a href="/wiki/Libcaca" title="Libcaca">libcaca</a> (colour) graphics device driver, or the <a href="/wiki/VLC_media_player" title="VLC media player">VLC media player</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mpv_(media_player)" title="Mpv (media player)">mpv</a> under <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, Linux or <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>; all of which render the screen using ASCII symbols instead of pixels.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also a number of <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> <b>applications</b>, such as ASCII cam for <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, that generate ASCII art in real-time using input from the phone's camera. These applications typically allow the ASCII art to be saved as either a text file or as an image made up of ASCII text. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non_fixed-width_ASCII">Non fixed-width ASCII</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Non fixed-width ASCII"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most ASCII art is created using a <a href="/wiki/Monospaced_font" title="Monospaced font">monospaced font</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Courier_(typeface)" title="Courier (typeface)">Courier</a>, where all characters are identical in width. Early computers in use when ASCII art came into vogue had monospaced fonts for screen and printer displays. Today, most of the more commonly used fonts in word processors, web browsers and other programs are proportional fonts, such as <a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a> or <a href="/wiki/Times_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Roman">Times Roman</a>, where different widths are used for different characters. ASCII art drawn for a fixed width font will usually appear distorted, or even unrecognizable when displayed in a proportional font. </p><p>Some ASCII artists have produced art for display in proportional fonts. These ASCIIs, rather than using a purely shade-based correspondence, use characters for slopes and borders and use block shading. These ASCIIs generally offer greater precision and attention to detail than fixed-width ASCIIs for a lower character count, although they are not as universally accessible since they are usually relatively font-specific. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animated_ASCII_art">Animated ASCII art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Animated ASCII art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Animated ASCII art started in 1970 from so-called VT100 animations produced on <a href="/wiki/VT100" title="VT100">VT100</a> terminals. These animations were simply text with cursor movement instructions, deleting and erasing the characters necessary to appear animated. Usually, they represented a long hand-crafted process undertaken by a single person to tell a story. </p><p>Contemporary <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a> revitalized animated ASCII art again. It became possible to display animated ASCII art via <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> or <a href="/wiki/Java_(Sun)" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (Sun)">Java applets</a>. Static ASCII art pictures are loaded and displayed one after another, creating the animation, very similar to how movie projectors unreel film reel and project the individual pictures on the big screen at movie theaters. A new term was born: "<i>ASCIImation</i>" – another name of <i>animated ASCII art</i>. A seminal work in this arena is the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a> ASCIImation.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More complicated routines in JavaScript generate more elaborate ASCIImations showing effects like <a href="/wiki/Morphing" title="Morphing">Morphing</a> effects, star field emulations, fading effects and calculated images, such as <a href="/wiki/Mandelbrot_set" title="Mandelbrot set">mandelbrot fractal</a> animations.<sup id="cite_ref-asciimation1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asciimation1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-asciimation2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asciimation2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are now many tools and programs that can transform raster images into text symbols; some of these tools can operate on streaming video. For example, the music video for American singer <a href="/wiki/Beck" title="Beck">Beck</a>'s song "<a href="/wiki/Guero" title="Guero">Black Tambourine</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-beckbt_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beckbt-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is made up entirely of ASCII characters that approximate the original footage. <a href="/wiki/VLC_media_player" title="VLC media player">VLC</a>, a media player software, can render any video in colored ASCII through the <a href="/wiki/Libcaca" title="Libcaca">libcaca</a> module. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_text-based_visual_art">Other text-based visual art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other text-based visual art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a variety of other types of art using text symbols from character sets other than ASCII and/or some form of color coding. Despite not being pure ASCII, these are still often referred to as "ASCII art". The character set portion designed specifically for drawing is known as the line drawing characters or <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-graphics">pseudo-graphics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ANSI_art">ANSI art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: ANSI art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ANSI_art" title="ANSI art">ANSI art</a></div> <p>The IBM PC graphics hardware in text mode uses 16 bits per character. It supports a variety of configurations, but in its default mode under DOS they are used to give 256 glyphs from one of the IBM PC code pages (<a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">Code page 437</a> by default), 16 foreground colors, eight background colors, and a flash option. Such art can be loaded into screen memory directly. <a href="/wiki/ANSI.SYS" title="ANSI.SYS">ANSI.SYS</a>, if loaded, also allows such art to be placed on screen by outputting escape sequences that indicate movements of the screen cursor and color/flash changes. If this method is used then the art becomes known as <a href="/wiki/ANSI_art" title="ANSI art">ANSI art</a>. The IBM PC code pages also include characters intended for simple drawing which often made this art appear much cleaner than that made with more traditional character sets. Plain text files are also seen with these characters, though they have become far less common since Windows GUI text editors (using the <a href="/wiki/Windows_ANSI_code_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows ANSI code page">Windows ANSI code page</a>) have largely replaced DOS-based ones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shift_JIS_and_Japan">Shift_JIS and Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Shift_JIS and Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Monā"></span></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mona01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mona01.svg/220px-Mona01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mona01.svg/330px-Mona01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mona01.svg/440px-Mona01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><b>Monā</b></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">モナー</span></span>)</span> Posted on <b><a href="/wiki/2channel" title="2channel">2channel</a></b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">２ちゃんねる</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Nichanneru</i></span>)</span> in 2000</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gikoneko01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gikoneko01.svg/220px-Gikoneko01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gikoneko01.svg/330px-Gikoneko01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gikoneko01.svg/440px-Gikoneko01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><b>Giko cat</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ギコ猫</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Gikoneko</i></span>)</span> Posted on 2channel in 2000</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS_art" title="Shift JIS art">Shift_JIS art</a></div> <p>In Japan, ASCII art (AA) is mainly known as <b>Shift_JIS art</b>. <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a> offers a larger selection of characters than plain ASCII (including <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_and_computers" title="Japanese language and computers">characters from Japanese scripts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms" class="mw-redirect" title="Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms">fullwidth forms of ASCII characters</a>), and may be used for text-based art on Japanese websites. </p><p>Often, such artwork is designed to be viewed with the default Japanese font on a platform, such as the proportional MS P Gothic.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kaomoji">Kaomoji</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Kaomoji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Emoticon#Japanese_style" title="Emoticon">Emoticon § Japanese_style</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_emoticons#Eastern" title="List of emoticons">List of emoticons § Eastern</a></div> <p>Users on ASCII-NET, in which the word <i>ASCII</i> refers to the <a href="/wiki/ASCII_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCII (company)">ASCII Corporation</a> rather than the <a href="/wiki/American_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange" class="mw-redirect" title="American Standard Code for Information Interchange">American Standard Code for Information Interchange</a>, popularised a style of emoticon<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%A1%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:顔文字">顔文字</a></span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kaomoji</i></span>, emoticon)</span> in which the face appears upright rather than rotated. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Icon </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>(^_^) (^^ゞ　(^_^;)　(-_-;)　(~_~;)　(・。・;)　(・_・;)　(・・;)　^^;　^_^; (#^.^#) (^ ^;)</td> <td>Smiley, nervous, embarrassed, troubled, shy, sweat drop </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unicode"><span class="anchor" id="Unicode_art"></span>Unicode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> would seem to offer the ultimate flexibility in producing text based art with its huge variety of characters. However, finding a suitable fixed-width font is likely to be difficult if a significant subset of Unicode is desired. (Modern UNIX-style operating systems do provide complete fixed-width Unicode fonts, e.g. for <a href="/wiki/Xterm" title="Xterm">xterm</a>. Windows has the <a href="/wiki/Courier_New" class="mw-redirect" title="Courier New">Courier New</a> font, which includes characters like ┌╥─╨┐♥☺Ƹ̵̡Ӝ̵̨̄Ʒ). Also, the common practice of rendering Unicode with a mixture of variable width fonts is likely to make predictable display hard, if more than a tiny subset of Unicode is used. ≽<sup>ʌ</sup>ⱷ҅<sub>ᴥ</sub>ⱷ<sup>ʌ</sup>≼ is an adequate representation of a cat's face in a font with varying character widths. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Control_and_combining_characters">Control and combining characters</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Control and combining characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Zalgo_text" title="Zalgo text">Zalgo text</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">combining characters</a> mechanism of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> provides considerable ways of customizing the style, even <a href="/wiki/Obfuscation" title="Obfuscation">obfuscating</a> the text (e.g. via an online generator like Obfuscator,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which focuses on the filters<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). <b>Glitcher</b> is one example of <b>Unicode art</b>, initiated in 2012: <i>These symbols, intruding up and down, are made by combining lots of diacritical marks. It’s a kind of art. There’s quite a lot of artists who use the Internet or specific social networks as their canvas.</i><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The corresponding creations are favored in web browsers (thanks to their always better support<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), as <a href="/wiki/Geek" title="Geek">geekily</a> stylized usernames for social networks. With a fair compatibility, and among different online tools, <b>[Facebook symbols]</b><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showcases various types of Unicode art, mainly for aesthetic purpose (Ɯıḳĭƥḙȡḯả Wîkipêȡıẚ Ẉǐḳîṗȅḍȉā Ẃįḵįṗẻḑìẵ Ẉĭḵɪṕḗdïą Ẇïƙỉpểɗĭà Ẅȉḱïṕȩđĩẵ etc.). Besides, the creations can be hand-crafted (by programming), or pasted from mobile applications (e.g. the category of 'fancy text'<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tools on Android). The underlying technique dates back to the old systems that incorporated <a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">control characters</a>, though. E.g. the German composite <code>ö</code> would be imitated on <a href="/wiki/ZX_Spectrum" title="ZX Spectrum">ZX Spectrum</a> by overwriting<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <code>"</code> after <a href="/wiki/Backspace" title="Backspace">backspace</a> and <code>o</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overprinting_(surprint)"><span id="Overprinting_.28surprint.29"></span>Overprinting (surprint)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Overprinting (surprint)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1970s and early 1980s it was popular to produce a kind of text art that relied on overprinting. This could be produced either on a screen or on a printer by typing a character, backing up, and then typing another character, just as on a typewriter. This developed into sophisticated graphics in some cases, such as the <a href="/wiki/PLATO_(computer_system)" title="PLATO (computer system)">PLATO</a> system (circa 1973), where superscript and subscript allowed a wide variety of graphic effects. A common use was for <a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">emoticons</a>, with WOBTAX and VICTORY both producing convincing smiley faces.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overprinting had previously been used on typewriters, but the low-resolution pixelation of characters on video terminals meant that overprinting here produced seamless pixel graphics, rather than visibly overstruck combinations of letters on paper. </p><p>Beyond pixel graphics, this was also used for printing photographs, as the overall darkness of a particular character space dependent on how many characters, as well as the choice of character, were printed in a particular place. Thanks to the increased granularity of tone, photographs were often converted to this type of printout. Even manual typewriters or <a href="/wiki/Daisy_wheel_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy wheel printer">daisy wheel printers</a> could be used. The technique has fallen from popularity since all cheap printers can easily print photographs, and a normal text file (or an e-mail message or Usenet posting) cannot represent overprinted text. However, something similar has emerged to replace it: shaded or colored ASCII art, using ANSI video terminal markup or color codes (such as those found in <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">IRC</a>, and many internet <a href="/wiki/Message_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Message board">message boards</a>) to add a bit more tone variation. In this way, it is possible to create ASCII art where the characters only differ in color. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micrography" title="Micrography">Micrography</a></li> <li>Types and styles: <a href="/wiki/Alt_code" title="Alt code">Alt code</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASCII_stereogram" title="ASCII stereogram">ASCII stereogram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Box-drawing_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Box-drawing character">box-drawing characters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">emoticon</a>, <a href="/wiki/FILE_ID.DIZ" title="FILE ID.DIZ">FILE_ID.DIZ</a>, <a href="/wiki/.nfo" title=".nfo">.nfo</a> (release info file)</li> <li>Pre-ASCII history: <a href="/wiki/Calligram" title="Calligram">Calligram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concrete_poetry" title="Concrete poetry">Concrete poetry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">Typewriter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Typewriter_mystery_game" title="Typewriter mystery game">Typewriter mystery game</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radioteletype" title="Radioteletype">Radioteletype</a></li> <li>Related art: <a href="/wiki/ANSI_art" title="ANSI art">ANSI art</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASCII_porn" title="ASCII porn">ASCII porn</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATASCII" title="ATASCII">ATASCII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fax_art" title="Fax art">Fax art</a>, <a href="/wiki/PETSCII" title="PETSCII">PETSCII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS_art" title="Shift JIS art">Shift JIS art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Text_semigraphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Text semigraphics">Text semigraphics</a></li> <li>Related context: <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">Bulletin board system</a> (BBS), <a href="/wiki/Computer_art_scene" title="Computer art scene">Computer art scene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Artscene_groups" title="Category:Artscene groups">Category:Artscene groups</a></li> <li>Software: <a href="/wiki/AAlib" title="AAlib">AAlib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cowsay" title="Cowsay">cowsay</a></li> <li>Unicode: <a href="/wiki/Homoglyph" title="Homoglyph">Homoglyph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duplicate_characters_in_Unicode" title="Duplicate characters in Unicode">Duplicate characters in Unicode</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cgihist-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cgihist_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minolta-Forum&rft.atitle=Minolta+SR-T+Batterieadapter&rft.date=2005-12-12&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mi-fo.de%2Fforum%2Findex.php%3Fshowtopic%3D11119%26view%3Dfindpost%26p%3D130223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2009_SR-T-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2009_SR-T_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (2009-03-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327222617/http://www.mi-fo.de/forum/index.php?showtopic=11119&st=20&p=241848&#entry241848">"Minolta SR-T Batterieadapter"</a> [Using a 7×7 mm SMD transistor-based low-side voltage regulator circuit as Mercury battery replacement]. <i>Minolta-Forum</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mi-fo.de/forum/index.php?showtopic=11119&view=findpost&p=241848">the original</a> on 2016-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minolta-Forum&rft.atitle=Minolta+SR-T+Batterieadapter&rft.date=2009-03-14&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mi-fo.de%2Fforum%2Findex.php%3Fshowtopic%3D11119%26view%3Dfindpost%26p%3D241848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2005_Remote-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2005_Remote_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2005" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (2005-03-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331184713/http://www.mi-fo.de/forum/index.php?showtopic=6555">"Eigenbau eines Kabelauslösers - Problem mit der Funktion…"</a> [Building your own remote camera trigger - problem with function…]. <i>Minolta-Forum</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mi-fo.de/forum/index.php?showtopic=6555">the original</a> on 2016-03-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minolta-Forum&rft.atitle=Eigenbau+eines+Kabelausl%C3%B6sers+-+Problem+mit+der+Funktion%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2005-03-07&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mi-fo.de%2Fforum%2Findex.php%3Fshowtopic%3D6555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2007_PT-04-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2007_PT-04_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (2009-04-26) [2007-11-01]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160606192151/http://www.mi-fo.de/forum/index.php?showtopic=18866&st=0&p=215814&#entry215814">"Funkblitzauslöser PT-04 m. Minolta-Blitz 5600HS(D) - Funkauslöser funktioniert, aber Blitz löst trotzdem nicht aus"</a> [Wireless remote flash control PT-04 with Minolta flash 5600HS(D) - wireless triggering works, but still flash does not fire]. <i>Minolta-Forum</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mi-fo.de/forum/index.php?showtopic=18866&st=0&p=215814&#entry215814">the original</a> on 2016-06-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2010-04-09) [2009-04-17]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327044441/http://www.mi-fo.de/forum/index.php?showtopic=23553">"Auto-Off-Deaktivierung bei Minolta Program 4000 AF - Automatische Abschaltung des 4000 AF für Slave-Betrieb deaktivieren?"</a> [Deactivating auto-off function of Minolta Program 4000 AF]. <i>Minolta-Forum</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mi-fo.de/forum/index.php?showtopic=23553">the original</a> on 2016-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minolta-Forum&rft.atitle=Auto-Off-Deaktivierung+bei+Minolta+Program+4000+AF+-+Automatische+Abschaltung+des+4000+AF+f%C3%BCr+Slave-Betrieb+deaktivieren%3F&rft.date=2010-04-09&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mi-fo.de%2Fforum%2Findex.php%3Fshowtopic%3D23553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_2012_PCT-100-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2012_PCT-100_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minolta-Forum&rft.atitle=Innenschaltung+Minolta+PC+Terminal+Adapter+PCT-100&rft.date=2012-05-09&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Matthias+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mi-fo.de%2Fforum%2Findex.php%3Fshowtopic%3D31845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popscience-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popscience_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCumbrowski2007" class="citation web cs1">Cumbrowski, Carsten (2007-02-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roysac.com/blog/2007/02/keyboard-text-art-from-over-twenty-years-before-ascii/">"Keyboard Text Art From Over Twenty Years Before ASCII"</a>. <i>roysac.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=roysac.com&rft.atitle=Keyboard+Text+Art+From+Over+Twenty+Years+Before+ASCII&rft.date=2007-02-14&rft.aulast=Cumbrowski&rft.aufirst=Carsten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roysac.com%2Fblog%2F2007%2F02%2Fkeyboard-text-art-from-over-twenty-years-before-ascii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentin2016" class="citation web cs1">Valentin, Christian (2016-10-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://killscreen.com/previously/articles/cogmind-proves-roguelike-isnt-done-ascii-art-yet/">"Roguelikes Aren't Done With ASCII Art Yet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kill_Screen" title="Kill Screen">Kill Screen</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kill+Screen&rft.atitle=Roguelikes+Aren%27t+Done+With+ASCII+Art+Yet&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft.aulast=Valentin&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkillscreen.com%2Fpreviously%2Farticles%2Fcogmind-proves-roguelike-isnt-done-ascii-art-yet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanselman2018" class="citation web cs1">Hanselman, Scott (2018-01-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hanselman.com/blog/building-0verkill-on-windows-10-subsystem-for-linux-2d-ascii-art-deathmatch-game">"Building 0verkill on Windows 10 Subsystem for Linux - 2D ASCII art deathmatch game"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The top of the NWDOSTIP.TXT file shows a large text logo in typewriter-style art.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152204/https://www.sac.sk/download/text/mpdostip.zip">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smileys2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smileys2_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtextfiles2008" class="citation web cs1">textfiles (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artscene.textfiles.com/asciiart/smileys.txt">"Collection of ASCII Smileys"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080310030328/http://artscene.textfiles.com/asciiart/smileys.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Android Apps on Google Play"</a>. <i>play.google.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=play.google.com&rft.atitle=fancy+text+-+Android+Apps+on+Google+Play&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fstore%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dfancy%2Btext%26c%3Dapps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldofspectrum.org/ZXBasicManual/zxmanchap16.html">"World of Spectrum - Documentation - ZX Spectrum manual - Chapter 16"</a>. <i>www.worldofspectrum.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldofspectrum.org&rft.atitle=World+of+Spectrum+-+Documentation+-+ZX+Spectrum+manual+-+Chapter+16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldofspectrum.org%2FZXBasicManual%2Fzxmanchap16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.platohistory.org/blog/2012/09/plato-emoticons-revisited.html">PLATO Emoticons, revisited</a>, Brian Dear, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.platohistory.org/">PLATO History: Remembering the future</a>,</i> 19 September 2012</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeal2008" class="citation web cs1">Beal, Vangie (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/textmessageabbreviations.asp#smiley">"Text Messaging Abbreviations: A Guide to Understanding Online Chat Acronyms & Smiley Faces"</a>. <i>Webopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080306032531/http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/textmessageabbreviations.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webopedia&rft.atitle=Text+Messaging+Abbreviations%3A+A+Guide+to+Understanding+Online+Chat+Acronyms+%26+Smiley+Faces&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Beal&rft.aufirst=Vangie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webopedia.com%2Fquick_ref%2Ftextmessageabbreviations.asp%23smiley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlssonMiller2012" class="citation web cs1">Carlsson, Anders; Miller, A. Bill (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goto80.com/chipflip/06/">"Future Potentials for ASCII art"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708122352/http://goto80.com/chipflip/06/">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Future+Potentials+for+ASCII+art&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Carlsson&rft.aufirst=Anders&rft.au=Miller%2C+A.+Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoto80.com%2Fchipflip%2F06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCumbrowski2007" class="citation web cs1">Cumbrowski, Carsten (2007-11-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roysac.com/blog/2007/02/history-of-text-art-video-by-rad-man-acid/">"History of Text Art Video by RaD Man / ACiD"</a>. roysac.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080302081249/http://www.roysac.com/blog/2007/02/history-of-text-art-video-by-rad-man.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Text+Art+Video+by+RaD+Man+%2F+ACiD&rft.pub=roysac.com&rft.date=2007-11-02&rft.aulast=Cumbrowski&rft.aufirst=Carsten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roysac.com%2Fblog%2F2007%2F02%2Fhistory-of-text-art-video-by-rad-man-acid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2002" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Mike (2002-09-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/~mbj/Smiley/Smiley.html">"The First Smiley :-)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">Microsoft Research</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080305013423/http://research.microsoft.com/~mbj/smiley/smiley.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+First+Smiley+%3A-%29&rft.pub=Microsoft+Research&rft.date=2002-09-12&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2F~mbj%2FSmiley%2FSmiley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFnb-pl.jogger.pl2006" class="citation web cs1">nb-pl.jogger.pl (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060514214623/http://nb-pl.jogger.pl/">"[ Nerdboy PL ]"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nb-pl.jogger.pl/">the original</a> on 2006-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5B+Nerdboy+PL+%5D&rft.date=2006&rft.au=nb-pl.jogger.pl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnb-pl.jogger.pl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> translators: Ania Górecka [ag], Asia Mazur [as], Błażej Kozłowski [bug], Janusz [jp], Łukasz Dąbrowski [luk], Łukasz Tyrała [lt.], Łukasz Wilk [wilu], Marcin Gliński [fsc])</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilk2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wilk, Łukasz (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060115054807/http://ascii.art.pl/nerd.htm">"Strona grupy dyskusyjnej PL.REC.ASCII-ART"</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ascii.art.pl/nerd.htm">the original</a> on 2006-01-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strona+grupy+dyskusyjnej+PL.REC.ASCII-ART&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Wilk&rft.aufirst=%C5%81ukasz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fascii.art.pl%2Fnerd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWirth2007" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Wirth, Christian (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hackercons-notacon-2007-Building_Character_ANSI"><i>Building Character: ANSI From the Ground Up</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Notacon" title="Notacon">Notacon</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Building+Character%3A+ANSI+From+the+Ground+Up&rft.pub=Notacon&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Wirth&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhackercons-notacon-2007-Building_Character_ANSI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASCII+art" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:ASCII_art" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:ASCII art">ASCII art</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media4u.ch/en/the-matrix.html/">media4u.ch - ASCII Art</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821202348/http://www.media4u.ch/en/the-matrix.html/">Archived</a> 2019-08-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (ASCII Art Movie. The Matrix in ASCII Art)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://textart.io/art#">TexArt.io ASCII Art collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artscene.textfiles.com/">Textfiles.com archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121220052340/http://sixteencolors.net/">Sixteen Colors ANSI Art and ASCII Art Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defacto2.net/documents.cfm">Defacto2.net Scene NFO Files Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asciiart.website/">Chris.com ASCII art collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pictoriano.com/">"As-Pixel Characters" ASCII art collection</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190706040403/http://www.pictoriano.com/">Archived</a> 2019-07-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asciimation.co.nz/">ASCII Art Animation of Star Wars, "ASCIIMATION"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://textimage.my1.ru/news">ASCII Keyboard Art Collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animasci.com">Animasci</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6CnxAf5njc">Video to ASCII Demonstration in 4 stages</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Digital_art" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Digital_art" title="Template:Digital art"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Digital_art" title="Template talk:Digital art"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Digital_art" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Digital art"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Digital_art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_art" title="Computer art">Computer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">CGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2D_computer_graphics" title="2D computer graphics">2D graphics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2.5D" title="2.5D">2.5D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D graphics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_art" title="Xerox art">Xerox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applications_of_3D_printing" title="Applications of 3D printing">3D printer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_art_software" title="Graphic art software">Graphic art software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractal-generating_software" title="Fractal-generating software">Fractal-generating software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Animation software">Animation software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ASCII art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_art_scene" title="Computer art scene">Computer art scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_music" title="Computer music">Computer music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token" title="Non-fungible token">Crypto art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberarts" title="Cyberarts">Cyberarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_illustration" title="Digital illustration">Digital illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_imaging" title="Digital imaging">Digital imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_painting" title="Digital painting">Digital painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">Digital photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_poetry" title="Digital poetry">Digital poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_architecture" title="Digital architecture">Digital architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_art" title="Evolutionary art">Evolutionary art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractal_art" title="Fractal art">Fractal art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_artificial_intelligence" title="Generative artificial intelligence">Generative artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_music" title="Generative music">Generative music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF_art" title="GIF art">GIF art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_art" title="Glitch art">Glitch art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_(virtual_reality)" title="Immersion (virtual reality)">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">Internet art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_graphics" title="Motion graphics">Motion graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_visualization" title="Music visualization">Music visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph_manipulation" title="Photograph manipulation">Photograph manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_art" title="Pixel art">Pixel art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-photorealistic_rendering#Artistic_rendering" title="Non-photorealistic rendering">Render art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_art" title="Software art">Software art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texture_mapping" title="Texture mapping">Texture mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_art" title="Virtual art">Virtual art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refik_Anadol" title="Refik Anadol">Refik Anadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Arcangel" title="Cory Arcangel">Cory Arcangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sougwen_Chung" title="Sougwen Chung">Sougwen Chung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Cohen_(artist)" title="Harold Cohen (artist)">Harold Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_Davies" title="Char Davies">Char Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Dinkins" title="Stephanie Dinkins">Stephanie Dinkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Elwes" title="Jake Elwes">Jake Elwes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Em" title="David Em">David Em</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Paul_Henry" title="Desmond Paul Henry">Desmond Paul Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Klingemann" title="Mario Klingemann">Mario Klingemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Hershman_Leeson" title="Lynn Hershman Leeson">Lynn Hershman Leeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Lieberman" title="Zachary Lieberman">Zachary Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Lovejoy" title="Margot Lovejoy">Margot Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Martino" title="Mauro Martino">Mauro Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Millikin" title="Eric Millikin">Eric Millikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Naderi_Yeganeh" title="Hamid Naderi Yeganeh">Hamid Naderi Yeganeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Paglen" title="Trevor Paglen">Trevor Paglen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Reas" title="Casey Reas">Casey Reas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Ridler" title="Anna Ridler">Anna Ridler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Rubin_(artist)" title="Ben Rubin (artist)">Ben Rubin (artist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Sims" title="Karl Sims">Karl Sims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Utterback" title="Camille Utterback">Camille Utterback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar_Van_Arman" title="Pindar Van Arman">Pindar Van Arman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable artworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmond_de_Belamy" title="Edmond de Belamy">Edmond de Belamy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnsley_fern" title="Barnsley fern">Barnsley fern</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Dress_Up" title="Jesus Dress Up">Jesus Dress Up</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Listening_Post_(artwork)" title="Listening Post (artwork)">Listening Post (artwork)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Remember_To_Rise" title="Remember To Rise">Remember To Rise</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations<br />and conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artfutura" title="Artfutura">Artfutura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artmedia" title="Artmedia">Artmedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Museum_of_Digital_Art" title="Austin Museum of Digital Art">Austin Museum of Digital Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Arts_Society" title="Computer Arts Society">Computer Arts Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVA_Conferences" title="EVA Conferences">EVA Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Center_for_Digital_Art" title="Los Angeles Center for Digital Art">Los Angeles Center for Digital Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumen_Prize" title="Lumen Prize">Lumen Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onedotzero" title="Onedotzero">onedotzero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGGRAPH" title="SIGGRAPH">SIGGRAPH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%26A_Digital_Futures" title="V&A Digital Futures">V&A Digital Futures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&oldid=1258897847">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ASCII_art&oldid=1258897847</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ASCII_art" title="Category:ASCII art">ASCII art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_art" title="Category:Computer art">Computer art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Digital_art" 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research section\"] = 1,\n [\"Proper name\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 3,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rbglq","timestamp":"20241122140504","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"ASCII art","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ASCII_art","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q193097","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q193097","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-12T17:24:53Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T06:48:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6b\/Fish-shell-logo-ascii-black.svg","headline":"visual art genre using plain-text characters (any character set) to draw pictures"}</script> </body> </html>