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</div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Logging</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Logging" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Logging" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list minerva-icon-only-menu"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Logging" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about cutting, processing, and moving trees. For electronic recording of events, see <a href="/wiki/Logging_(computing)" title="Logging (computing)">Logging (computing)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Log_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Log (disambiguation)">Log (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><b>Logging</b> is the process of cutting, processing, and moving <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">trees</a> to a location for <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a>. It may include <a href="/wiki/Skidder" title="Skidder">skidding</a>, on-site processing, and loading of trees or <a href="/wiki/Trunk_(botany)" title="Trunk (botany)">logs</a> onto <a href="/wiki/Logging_truck" title="Logging truck">trucks</a><sup id="cite_ref-dictionaryofforestry.org_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionaryofforestry.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Flatcar#Skeleton_car" title="Flatcar">skeleton cars</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a>, the term logging is sometimes used narrowly to describe the logistics of moving wood from the stump to somewhere outside the <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forest</a>, usually a <a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">sawmill</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Lumber_yard" title="Lumber yard">lumber yard</a>. In common usage, however, the term may cover a range of forestry or <a href="/wiki/Silviculture" title="Silviculture">silviculture</a> activities. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Felling_a_gumtree_c1884-1917_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Felling_a_gumtree_c1884-1917_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg/250px-Felling_a_gumtree_c1884-1917_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Felling_a_gumtree_c1884-1917_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg/330px-Felling_a_gumtree_c1884-1917_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Felling_a_gumtree_c1884-1917_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg/500px-Felling_a_gumtree_c1884-1917_Powerhouse_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1339"></a><figcaption>A Eucalyptus (<i><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</a></i>) being felled using springboards, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1884–1917</span>, Australia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McGiffert_Log_Loader_c._1907.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/McGiffert_Log_Loader_c._1907.jpg/250px-McGiffert_Log_Loader_c._1907.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/McGiffert_Log_Loader_c._1907.jpg/330px-McGiffert_Log_Loader_c._1907.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/McGiffert_Log_Loader_c._1907.jpg/500px-McGiffert_Log_Loader_c._1907.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="1040"></a><figcaption>McGiffert Log Loader in <a href="/wiki/East_Texas" title="East Texas">East Texas</a>, US, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1907</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Winter_in_Montgomery,_circa_1880s_-_DPLA_-_a85550daf546d80511282cac549cefaa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lumber under snow in Montgomery, Colorado, 1880s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Winter_in_Montgomery%2C_circa_1880s_-_DPLA_-_a85550daf546d80511282cac549cefaa.jpg/250px-Winter_in_Montgomery%2C_circa_1880s_-_DPLA_-_a85550daf546d80511282cac549cefaa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Winter_in_Montgomery%2C_circa_1880s_-_DPLA_-_a85550daf546d80511282cac549cefaa.jpg/330px-Winter_in_Montgomery%2C_circa_1880s_-_DPLA_-_a85550daf546d80511282cac549cefaa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Winter_in_Montgomery%2C_circa_1880s_-_DPLA_-_a85550daf546d80511282cac549cefaa.jpg/500px-Winter_in_Montgomery%2C_circa_1880s_-_DPLA_-_a85550daf546d80511282cac549cefaa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1316"></a><figcaption>Lumber under snow in Montgomery, Colorado, 1880s</figcaption></figure> <p>Logging is the beginning of a supply chain that provides raw <a href="/wiki/Material" title="Material">material</a> for many products societies worldwide use for <a href="/wiki/Housing" title="Housing">housing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a>, and consumer <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> products. Logging systems are also used to manage <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a>, reduce the risk of <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">wildfires</a>, and restore <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystem</a> functions,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though their efficiency for these purposes has been challenged.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Logging frequently has negative impacts. The harvesting procedure itself <a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">may be illegal</a>, including the use of corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission or from a protected area; the cutting of protected species; or the extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may involve the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Timber_mafia" title="Timber mafia">timber mafia</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excess logging can lead to irreparable harm to ecosystems, such as <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">biodiversity loss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infrastructure for logging can also lead to other <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">environmental degradation</a>. These negative environmental impacts can lead to <a href="/wiki/Environmental_conflict" title="Environmental conflict">environmental conflict</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, there is significant occupational injury risk involved in logging. </p><p>Logging can take many formats. <a href="/wiki/Clearcutting" title="Clearcutting">Clearcutting</a> (or "block cutting") is not necessarily considered a type of logging but a harvesting or silviculture method. Cutting trees with the highest value and leaving those with lower value, often diseased or malformed trees, is referred to as <a href="/wiki/High_grading" title="High grading">high grading</a>. It is sometimes called selective logging, and confused with <a href="/wiki/Selection_cutting" title="Selection cutting">selection cutting</a>, the practice of managing stands by harvesting a proportion of trees.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Logging usually refers to above-ground forestry logging. Submerged forests exist on land that has been flooded by damming to create <a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">reservoirs</a>. Harvesting trees from forests submerged by flooding or dam creation is called <a href="/wiki/Underwater_logging" title="Underwater logging">underwater logging</a>, a form of timber recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Clearcutting"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Clearcutting</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Logging_methods"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Logging methods</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Tree-length_logging_/_stem-only_harvesting"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext"><span><span>Tree-length logging</span></span> / stem-only harvesting</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Whole-tree_logging"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Whole-tree logging</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Cut-to-length_logging"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Cut-to-length logging</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Transporting_logs"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Transporting logs</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Pre-1880s:_Pre-Industrial_Era"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pre-1880s: Pre-Industrial Era</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#1880s_to_World_War_II:_Railroad_Logging_Era"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">1880s to World War II: Railroad Logging Era</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Post-World_War_II:_Modern_Mechanized_Logging"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Post-World War II: Modern Mechanized Logging</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Safety_considerations"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Safety considerations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Clearcutting">Clearcutting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Clearcutting" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Clearcutting" title="Clearcutting">Clearcutting</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tree_felling_at_Cwmcarn_Forest%2C_Ebbw_valley%2C_Wales.webm/220px--Tree_felling_at_Cwmcarn_Forest%2C_Ebbw_valley%2C_Wales.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="121" data-mwtitle="Tree_felling_at_Cwmcarn_Forest,_Ebbw_valley,_Wales.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Tree_felling_at_Cwmcarn_Forest,_Ebbw_valley,_Wales.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Tree_felling_at_Cwmcarn_Forest%2C_Ebbw_valley%2C_Wales.webm/Tree_felling_at_Cwmcarn_Forest%2C_Ebbw_valley%2C_Wales.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Tree_felling_at_Cwmcarn_Forest%2C_Ebbw_valley%2C_Wales.webm/Tree_felling_at_Cwmcarn_Forest%2C_Ebbw_valley%2C_Wales.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Tree_felling_at_Cwmcarn_Forest%2C_Ebbw_valley%2C_Wales.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Tree_felling_at_Cwmcarn_Forest%2C_Ebbw_valley%2C_Wales.webm/Tree_felling_at_Cwmcarn_Forest%2C_Ebbw_valley%2C_Wales.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source></video></span><figcaption>Clearing 150,000 trees at Cwmcarn Forest, Ebbw Valle, Wales</figcaption></figure> <p>Clearcutting, or clearfelling, is a method of harvesting that removes essentially all the standing trees in a selected area. Depending on management objectives, a clearcut may or may not have reserve trees left to attain goals other than regeneration,<sup id="cite_ref-dictionaryofforestry.org_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionaryofforestry.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including wildlife habitat management, mitigation of potential erosion or water quality concerns. <a href="/wiki/Silviculture" title="Silviculture">Silviculture</a> objectives for clearcutting, (for example, healthy regeneration of new trees on the site) and a focus on <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a> distinguish it from <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>. Other methods include <a href="/wiki/Shelterwood_cutting" title="Shelterwood cutting">shelterwood cutting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selection_cutting#Group_selection" title="Selection cutting">group selective</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selection_cutting#Single-tree_selection" title="Selection cutting">single selective</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seed_tree" title="Seed tree">seed-tree cutting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patch_cut" title="Patch cut">patch cut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Variable_retention" title="Variable retention">retention cutting</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Logging_methods">Logging methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Logging methods" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_winch_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Washington_winch_panorama.jpg/220px-Washington_winch_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="933"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 91px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Washington_winch_panorama.jpg/220px-Washington_winch_panorama.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="91" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Washington_winch_panorama.jpg/330px-Washington_winch_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Washington_winch_panorama.jpg/440px-Washington_winch_panorama.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Iron_Works_Skidder" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Iron Works Skidder">Washington Iron Works Skidder</a> in Nuniong is the only one of its kind in Australia, with donkey engine, spars, and cables still rigged for work.</figcaption></figure> <p>The above operations can be carried out by different methods, of which the following three are considered industrial methods: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tree-length_logging_/_stem-only_harvesting"><span id="Tree-length_logging_.2F_stem-only_harvesting"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Tree-length_logging"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Tree-length logging</span></span> / stem-only harvesting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tree-length logging / stem-only harvesting" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Trees are felled and then <a href="/wiki/Delimbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Delimbing">delimbed</a> and topped at the stump. The log is then transported to the landing, where it is <a href="/wiki/Log_bucking" title="Log bucking">bucked</a> and loaded on a truck. This leaves the <a href="/wiki/Slash_(logging)" title="Slash (logging)">slash</a> (and the nutrients it contains) in the cut area, where it must be further treated if wild land fires are of concern.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whole-tree_logging"><span class="anchor" id="Full-tree_logging"></span><span class="anchor" id="Whole-tree_logging"></span> Whole-tree logging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Whole-tree logging" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zrywka_drewna_w_Masywie_%C5%9Anie%C5%BCnika_PL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Zrywka_drewna_w_Masywie_%C5%9Anie%C5%BCnika_PL.jpg/250px-Zrywka_drewna_w_Masywie_%C5%9Anie%C5%BCnika_PL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="540"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Zrywka_drewna_w_Masywie_%C5%9Anie%C5%BCnika_PL.jpg/250px-Zrywka_drewna_w_Masywie_%C5%9Anie%C5%BCnika_PL.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Zrywka_drewna_w_Masywie_%C5%9Anie%C5%BCnika_PL.jpg/330px-Zrywka_drewna_w_Masywie_%C5%9Anie%C5%BCnika_PL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Zrywka_drewna_w_Masywie_%C5%9Anie%C5%BCnika_PL.jpg/500px-Zrywka_drewna_w_Masywie_%C5%9Anie%C5%BCnika_PL.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Horse_logging" title="Horse logging">Horse logging</a> in Poland</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Larix3T.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Larix3T.JPG/250px-Larix3T.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Larix3T.JPG/250px-Larix3T.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Larix3T.JPG/330px-Larix3T.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Larix3T.JPG/500px-Larix3T.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cable_logging" title="Cable logging">Cable logging</a> in French Alps (cable grue Larix 3T)</figcaption></figure> <p>Trees and plants are felled and transported to the roadside with top and limbs intact. There have been advancements to the process which now allows a logger or <a href="/wiki/Harvester_(forestry)" title="Harvester (forestry)">harvester</a> to cut the tree down, top, and delimb a tree in the same process. This ability is due to the advancement in the style felling head that can be used. The trees are then delimbed, topped, and bucked at the landing. This method requires that slash be treated at the landing. In areas with access to cogeneration facilities, the slash can be <a href="/wiki/Woodchipping" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodchipping">chipped</a> and used for the production of electricity or heat. Full-tree harvesting also refers to utilization of the entire tree including branches and tops.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This technique removes both nutrients and soil cover from the site and so can be harmful to the long-term health of the area if no further action is taken, however, depending on the species, many of the limbs are often broken off in handling so the result may not be as different from tree-length logging as it might seem.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cut-to-length_logging">Cut-to-length logging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cut-to-length logging" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cut-to-length_logging" title="Cut-to-length logging">Cut-to-length logging</a></div> <p>Cut-to-length logging is the process of felling, delimbing, bucking, and sorting (<a href="/wiki/Pulpwood" title="Pulpwood">pulpwood</a>, sawlog, etc.) at the stump area, leaving limbs and tops in the forest. <a href="/wiki/Harvester_(forestry)" title="Harvester (forestry)">Mechanical harvesters</a> fell the tree, delimb, and buck it, and place the resulting logs in bunks to be brought to the landing by a <a href="/wiki/Skidder" title="Skidder">skidder</a> or <a href="/wiki/Forwarder" title="Forwarder">forwarder</a>. This method is routinely available for trees up to 900 mm (35 in) in diameter. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Transporting_logs">Transporting logs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Transporting logs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1870-1880-Timber-floating-in-Vilnius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/1870-1880-Timber-floating-in-Vilnius.jpg/220px-1870-1880-Timber-floating-in-Vilnius.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="628"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 173px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/1870-1880-Timber-floating-in-Vilnius.jpg/220px-1870-1880-Timber-floating-in-Vilnius.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="173" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/1870-1880-Timber-floating-in-Vilnius.jpg/330px-1870-1880-Timber-floating-in-Vilnius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/1870-1880-Timber-floating-in-Vilnius.jpg/440px-1870-1880-Timber-floating-in-Vilnius.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Timber floating in Vilnius, 1873</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm/220px--Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="226" data-mwtitle="Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-width="1920" data-height="1080"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm/Logging_with_Belarus_MTZ-82-L_in_Estonia_2021.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source></video></span><figcaption>Logging with Belarus MTZ-82-L in Estonia 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>Logging methods have changed over time, driven by advancements in transporting timber from remote areas to markets. These shifts fall into three main eras: the manual logging era before the 1880s, the railroad logging era from the 1880s to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and the modern mechanized era that began after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-1880s:_Pre-Industrial_Era">Pre-1880s: Pre-Industrial Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pre-1880s: Pre-Industrial Era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In the early days, felled logs were transported using simple methods such as rivers to float tree trunks downstream to sawmills or paper mills. This practice, known as <a href="/wiki/Log_driving" title="Log driving">log driving</a> or <a href="/wiki/Timber_rafting" title="Timber rafting">timber rafting</a>, was the cheapest and most common. Some logs, due to high resin content, would sink and were known as deadheads. Logs were also moved with high-wheel loaders, a set of wheels over ten feet tall, initially pulled by oxen.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1880s_to_World_War_II:_Railroad_Logging_Era">1880s to World War II: Railroad Logging Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1880s to World War II: Railroad Logging Era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>As the logging industry expanded, the 1880s saw the introduction of mechanized equipment like railroads and steam-powered machinery, marking the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Forest_railway" title="Forest railway">railroad logging</a> era. Logs were moved more efficiently by railroads built into remote forest areas, often supported by additional methods like high-wheel <a href="/wiki/Loader_(equipment)" title="Loader (equipment)">loaders</a>, tractors and <a href="/wiki/Log_flume" title="Log flume">log flumes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Valley_Flumes_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valley_Flumes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest high-wheel loader, the "Bunyan Buggie," was built in 1960 for service in California, featuring wheels 24 feet (7.3 m) high.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-World_War_II:_Modern_Mechanized_Logging">Post-World War II: Modern Mechanized Logging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post-World War II: Modern Mechanized Logging" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>After World War II, mechanized logging equipment, including chainsaws, diesel trucks, and <a href="/wiki/Continuous_track" title="Continuous track">Caterpillar tractors</a>, transformed the logging industry, making railroad-based logging obsolete. With the advent of these tools, transporting logs became more efficient as new roads were constructed to access remote forests. However, in protected areas like <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Forest">United States National Forests</a> and designated <a href="/wiki/Wilderness" title="Wilderness">wilderness</a> zones, road building has been restricted to minimize environmental impacts such as erosion in <a href="/wiki/Riparian_zone" title="Riparian zone">riparian zones</a>. </p><p>Today, heavy machinery such as <a href="/wiki/Yarder" title="Yarder">yarders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skyline_logging" title="Skyline logging">skyline</a> systems are used to gather logs from steep terrain, while helicopters are used for <a href="/wiki/Heli-logging" title="Heli-logging">heli-logging</a> to minimize environmental impact.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Less common forms of logging, like <a href="/wiki/Horse_logging" title="Horse logging">horse logging</a> and the use of oxen, still exist but are mostly superseded.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Safety_considerations">Safety considerations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Safety considerations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Logging is a dangerous occupation. In the United States, it has consistently been one of the most hazardous industries and was recognized by the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH) as a priority industry sector in the <a href="/wiki/National_Occupational_Research_Agenda" title="National Occupational Research Agenda">National Occupational Research Agenda</a> (NORA) to identify and provide intervention strategies regarding occupational health and safety issues.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the logging industry employed 86,000 workers and accounted for 93 deaths. This resulted in a fatality rate of 108.1 deaths per 100,000 workers that year. This rate is over 30 times higher than the overall fatality rate.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forestry/logging-related injuries (fatal and non-fatal) are often difficult to track through formal reporting mechanisms. Thus, some programs have begun to monitor injuries through publicly available reports such as news media.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The logging industry experiences the highest fatality rate of 23.2 per 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Full-time_equivalent" title="Full-time equivalent">full-time equivalent</a> (FTE) workers and a non-fatal incident rate of 8.5 per 100 FTE workers. The most common type of injuries or illnesses at work include <a href="/wiki/Human_musculoskeletal_system" title="Human musculoskeletal system">musculoskeletal</a> disorders (MSDs), which include an extensive list of "inflammatory and degenerative conditions affecting the <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">ligaments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">joints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nerves" class="mw-redirect" title="Peripheral nerves">peripheral nerves</a>, and supporting <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Loggers work with heavy, moving weights, and use tools such as <a href="/wiki/Chainsaw" title="Chainsaw">chainsaws</a> and heavy equipment on uneven and sometimes steep or unstable <a href="/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain">terrain</a>. Loggers also deal with severe environmental conditions, such as inclement weather and severe heat or cold. An injured logger is often far from professional emergency treatment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Traditionally, the cry of "Timber!" developed as a warning alerting fellow workers in an area that a tree is being felled, so they should be alert to avoid being struck. The term "<a href="/wiki/Widowmaker_(forestry)" title="Widowmaker (forestry)">widowmaker</a>" for timber, typically a limb or branch that is no longer attached to a tree, but is still in the canopy either wedged in a crotch, tangled in other limbs, or miraculously balanced on another limb demonstrates another emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Situation_awareness" title="Situation awareness">situational awareness</a> as a safety principle.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In British Columbia, Canada, the BC Forest Safety Council was created in September 2004 as a not-for-profit society dedicated to promoting safety in the forest sector. It works with employers, workers, contractors, and government agencies to implement fundamental changes necessary to make it safer to earn a living in forestry.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The risks experienced in logging operations can be somewhat reduced, where conditions permit, by the use of mechanical tree harvesters, skidders, and forwarders.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output 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class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Horse_Logging.webm/160px--Horse_Logging.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="160" height="90" data-durationhint="70" data-mwtitle="Horse_Logging.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Horse_Logging.webm/Horse_Logging.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Horse_Logging.webm/Horse_Logging.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Horse_Logging.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-width="1280" data-height="720"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Horse_Logging.webm/Horse_Logging.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Horse_Logging.webm/Horse_Logging.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Horse_Logging.webm/Horse_Logging.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Horse_Logging.webm/Horse_Logging.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Horse Logging in Wales</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logging_in_North_Vancouver.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Log transportation by rail in British Columbia in 1920"><noscript><img alt="Log transportation by rail in British Columbia in 1920" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Logging_in_North_Vancouver.jpg/160px-Logging_in_North_Vancouver.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="117" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1253" data-file-height="917"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 117px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Logging_in_North_Vancouver.jpg/160px-Logging_in_North_Vancouver.jpg" data-alt="Log transportation by rail in British Columbia in 1920" data-width="160" data-height="117" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Logging_in_North_Vancouver.jpg/240px-Logging_in_North_Vancouver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Logging_in_North_Vancouver.jpg/320px-Logging_in_North_Vancouver.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Log transportation by rail in British Columbia in 1920</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joensuun_kanava2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Timber rafting in Joensuu canal, Finland, in 2009"><noscript><img alt="Timber rafting in Joensuu canal, Finland, in 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Joensuun_kanava2.jpg/250px-Joensuun_kanava2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="117" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="622"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 117px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Joensuun_kanava2.jpg/250px-Joensuun_kanava2.jpg" data-alt="Timber rafting in Joensuu canal, Finland, in 2009" data-width="160" data-height="117" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Joensuun_kanava2.jpg/330px-Joensuun_kanava2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Timber_rafting" title="Timber rafting">Timber rafting</a> in <a href="/wiki/Joensuu" title="Joensuu">Joensuu</a> <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canal</a>, Finland, in 2009</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Houtverwerking_op_de_rivier,_anoniem,_1850_-_1890_-_Rijksmuseum_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Log transport in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) c. 1870"><noscript><img alt="Log transport in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) 1870" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Houtverwerking_op_de_rivier%2C_anoniem%2C_1850_-_1890_-_Rijksmuseum_crop.jpg/250px-Houtverwerking_op_de_rivier%2C_anoniem%2C_1850_-_1890_-_Rijksmuseum_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3629" data-file-height="2899"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 128px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Houtverwerking_op_de_rivier%2C_anoniem%2C_1850_-_1890_-_Rijksmuseum_crop.jpg/250px-Houtverwerking_op_de_rivier%2C_anoniem%2C_1850_-_1890_-_Rijksmuseum_crop.jpg" data-alt="Log transport in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) 1870" data-width="160" data-height="128" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Houtverwerking_op_de_rivier%2C_anoniem%2C_1850_-_1890_-_Rijksmuseum_crop.jpg/330px-Houtverwerking_op_de_rivier%2C_anoniem%2C_1850_-_1890_-_Rijksmuseum_crop.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Log transport in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>) <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logging_in_Finnish_Lapland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bucked old growth wood in Finland"><noscript><img alt="Bucked old growth wood in Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Logging_in_Finnish_Lapland.jpg/250px-Logging_in_Finnish_Lapland.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 107px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Logging_in_Finnish_Lapland.jpg/250px-Logging_in_Finnish_Lapland.jpg" data-alt="Bucked old growth wood in Finland" data-width="160" data-height="107" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Logging_in_Finnish_Lapland.jpg/330px-Logging_in_Finnish_Lapland.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bucked old growth wood in Finland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TJ_harvesteri.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mechanical harvester at work"><noscript><img alt="Mechanical harvester at work" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/TJ_harvesteri.jpg/160px-TJ_harvesteri.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/TJ_harvesteri.jpg/160px-TJ_harvesteri.jpg" data-alt="Mechanical harvester at work" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/TJ_harvesteri.jpg/240px-TJ_harvesteri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/TJ_harvesteri.jpg/320px-TJ_harvesteri.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Harvester_(forestry)" title="Harvester (forestry)">Mechanical harvester</a> at work</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hardwood_logs_transported_down_Suriname_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hardwood logs transported down the Suriname River in South America in 1955"><noscript><img alt="Hardwood logs transported down the Suriname River in South America in 1955" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hardwood_logs_transported_down_Suriname_river.jpg/160px-Hardwood_logs_transported_down_Suriname_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 168px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hardwood_logs_transported_down_Suriname_river.jpg/160px-Hardwood_logs_transported_down_Suriname_river.jpg" data-alt="Hardwood logs transported down the Suriname River in South America in 1955" data-width="160" data-height="168" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hardwood_logs_transported_down_Suriname_river.jpg/240px-Hardwood_logs_transported_down_Suriname_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hardwood_logs_transported_down_Suriname_river.jpg/320px-Hardwood_logs_transported_down_Suriname_river.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hardwood logs transported down the <a href="/wiki/Suriname_River" title="Suriname River">Suriname River</a> in South America in 1955</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexico_logs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logs in Mexico in 2018"><noscript><img alt="Logs in Mexico in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mexico_logs.jpg/160px-Mexico_logs.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="106" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 106px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mexico_logs.jpg/160px-Mexico_logs.jpg" data-alt="Logs in Mexico in 2018" data-width="160" data-height="106" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mexico_logs.jpg/240px-Mexico_logs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mexico_logs.jpg/320px-Mexico_logs.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Logs in Mexico in 2018</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_(river_boat)" title="Ark (river boat)">Ark (river boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_logging" title="Cable logging">Cable logging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skyline_logging" title="Skyline logging">Skyline logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_and_climate_change" title="Deforestation and climate change">Deforestation and climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_railway" title="Forest railway">Forest railway</a> or logging railroad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_road#Logging_roads" title="Gravel road">Logging road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli-logging" title="Heli-logging">Heli-logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_driving" title="Log driving">Log driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_scaler" title="Log scaler">Log scaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumberjack" title="Lumberjack">Lumberjack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumberjack_World_Championship" title="Lumberjack World Championship">Lumberjack World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Logging_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Logging Championship (page does not exist)">World Logging Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logging_camp" title="Logging camp">Logging camp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logging_in_the_Sierra_Nevada" title="Logging in the Sierra Nevada">Logging in the Sierra Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_logging" title="Salvage logging">Salvage logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shovel_logging" title="Shovel logging">Shovel logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silviculture" title="Silviculture">Silviculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_rafting" title="Timber rafting">Timber rafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_industry" title="Wood industry">Wood industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood economy">Wood economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Forestry_Congress" title="World Forestry Congress">World Forestry Congress</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dictionaryofforestry.org-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dictionaryofforestry.org_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dictionaryofforestry.org_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionaryofforestry.org/">Society of American Foresters, 1998. Dictionary of Forestry.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725234528/http://www.dictionaryofforestry.org/">Archived</a> 2011-07-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKeiferCasanovaGarlandSmidt2019" class="citation journal cs1">Keifer, Matthew; Casanova, Vanessa; Garland, John; Smidt, Mathew; Struttmann, Tim (2019-04-03). "Foreword by the Editor-in-Chief and Guest Editors". <i>Journal of Agromedicine</i>. <b>24</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">119–</span>120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1059924X.2019.1596697">10.1080/1059924X.2019.1596697</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-924X">1059-924X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30890041">30890041</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150081506">150081506</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agromedicine&rft.atitle=Foreword+by+the+Editor-in-Chief+and+Guest+Editors&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E119-%3C%2Fspan%3E120&rft.date=2019-04-03&rft.issn=1059-924X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150081506%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30890041&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1059924X.2019.1596697&rft.aulast=Keifer&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Casanova%2C+Vanessa&rft.au=Garland%2C+John&rft.au=Smidt%2C+Mathew&rft.au=Struttmann%2C+Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALogging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Logging emits three times as much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere per acre as wildfire alone. Most of the tree parts unusable for lumber – the branches, tops, bark and sawdust from milling – are burned for energy, sending large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. In contrast, wildfire releases a surprisingly small amount of the carbon in trees, less than 2 percent. Logging in U.S. forests is now responsible for as much annual greenhouse gas emissions as burning coal.' Chad Hanson, Michael Dorsey, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/30/opinion/california-wildfires-oak-fire-yosemite-sequoias.html">'The Case Against Commercial Logging in Wildfire-Prone Forests,'</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> 30 July 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.illegal-logging.info/">Illegal Logging.Info</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/forestry/420-136/420-136.html">Virginia Tech: Dealing with Timber Theft</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081017123553/http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/forestry/420-136/420-136.html">Archived</a> 2008-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26842098/">msnbc.com – Guilty pleas in cedar tree theft</a> September 23, 2008 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; 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(2019-04-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7008449">"Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Loggers in the Ark-La-Tex Region"</a>. <i>Journal of Agromedicine</i>. <b>24</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">167–</span>176. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1059924X.2019.1567423">10.1080/1059924X.2019.1567423</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-924X">1059-924X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7008449">7008449</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30624156">30624156</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agromedicine&rft.atitle=Work-Related+Musculoskeletal+Symptoms+among+Loggers+in+the+Ark-La-Tex+Region&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E167-%3C%2Fspan%3E176&rft.date=2019-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7008449%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1059-924X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30624156&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1059924X.2019.1567423&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Anabel&rft.au=Casanova%2C+Vanessa&rft.au=Levin%2C+Jeffrey+L.&rft.au=Porras%2C+David+Gimeno+Ruiz+de&rft.au=Douphrate%2C+David+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7008449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALogging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLove" class="citation web cs1">Love, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grit.com/farm-and-garden/do-it-yourself/avoiding-widowmakers-zm0z17sozeva/">"Avoiding Widowmakers - Grit"</a>. <i>www.grit.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.grit.com&rft.atitle=Avoiding+Widowmakers+-+Grit&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grit.com%2Ffarm-and-garden%2Fdo-it-yourself%2Favoiding-widowmakers-zm0z17sozeva%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALogging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcforestsafe.org/">BC Forest Safety Council</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-3068683592">"Forestry: Guide to Managing Risks of Timber Harvesting Operations"</a>. <i>Trove</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trove&rft.atitle=Forestry%3A+Guide+to+Managing+Risks+of+Timber+Harvesting+Operations.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-3068683592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALogging" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryant1913" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Ralph Clement (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/loggingprincip00brya"><i>Logging; the principles and general methods of operation in the United States</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/J._Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Wiley & Sons">J. Wiley & Sons</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Logging%3B+the+principles+and+general+methods+of+operation+in+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=J.+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Ralph+Clement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Floggingprincip00brya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALogging" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostaMagnusson2002" class="citation journal cs1">Costa, F.; Magnusson, W. (2002). "Selective effects on abundance, diversity, and composition of tropical understory herbs". <i><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Applications" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological Applications">Ecological Applications</a></i>. <b>12</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">807–</span>819. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1890%2F1051-0761%282002%29012%5B0807%3ASLEOAD%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0807:SLEOAD]2.0.CO;2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Selective+effects+on+abundance%2C+diversity%2C+and+composition+of+tropical+understory+herbs&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E807-%3C%2Fspan%3E819&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1890%2F1051-0761%282002%29012%5B0807%3ASLEOAD%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Magnusson%2C+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALogging" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinardPutz1996" class="citation journal cs1">Pinard, M. A.; Putz, F. E. (1996). "Retaining forest biomass by reducing logging damage". <i><a href="/wiki/Biotropica" title="Biotropica">Biotropica</a></i>. <b>28</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">278–</span>295. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996Biotr..28..278P">1996Biotr..28..278P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2389193">10.2307/2389193</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2389193">2389193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=Retaining+forest+biomass+by+reducing+logging+damage&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E278-%3C%2Fspan%3E295&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2389193%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2389193&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996Biotr..28..278P&rft.aulast=Pinard&rft.aufirst=M.+A.&rft.au=Putz%2C+F.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALogging" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutzSistFredericksonDykstra2008" class="citation journal cs1">Putz, F.; Sist, P.; Frederickson, T.; Dykstra, D. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160219/https://naldc-legacy.nal.usda.gov/naldc/download.xhtml?id=21098&content=PDF">"Reduced-impact logging: challenges and opportunities"</a>. <i>Forest Ecology & Management</i>. <b>256</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">1427–</span>1433. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2008.03.036">10.1016/j.foreco.2008.03.036</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naldc-legacy.nal.usda.gov/naldc/download.xhtml?id=21098&content=PDF">the original</a> on 2021-01-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Reduced-impact+logging%3A+challenges+and+opportunities&rft.volume=256&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1427-%3C%2Fspan%3E1433&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2008.03.036&rft.aulast=Putz&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Sist%2C+P.&rft.au=Frederickson%2C+T.&rft.au=Dykstra%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnaldc-legacy.nal.usda.gov%2Fnaldc%2Fdownload.xhtml%3Fid%3D21098%26content%3DPDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALogging" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShuklaSellersNobre1990" class="citation journal cs1">Shukla, J.; Sellers, P.; Nobre, C. (1990). "Amazon deforestation and climate change". <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>247</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">1322–</span>1325. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990Sci...247.1322S">1990Sci...247.1322S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.247.4948.1322">10.1126/science.247.4948.1322</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10535%2F2838">10535/2838</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17843795">17843795</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8361418">8361418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Amazon+deforestation+and+climate+change&rft.volume=247&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1322-%3C%2Fspan%3E1325&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10535%2F2838&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8361418%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1990Sci...247.1322S&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17843795&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.247.4948.1322&rft.aulast=Shukla&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Sellers%2C+P.&rft.au=Nobre%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALogging" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSokalGurevitchBrown2004" class="citation journal cs1">Sokal, R. R.; Gurevitch, J.; Brown, K. A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC395920">"Long-term impacts of logging on forest diversity in Madagascar"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences">PNAS</a></i>. <b>101</b> (16): <span class="nowrap">6045–</span>6049. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PNAS..101.6045B">2004PNAS..101.6045B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0401456101">10.1073/pnas.0401456101</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC395920">395920</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15067121">15067121</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PNAS&rft.atitle=Long-term+impacts+of+logging+on+forest+diversity+in+Madagascar&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6045-%3C%2Fspan%3E6049&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC395920%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15067121&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0401456101&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004PNAS..101.6045B&rft.aulast=Sokal&rft.aufirst=R.+R.&rft.au=Gurevitch%2C+J.&rft.au=Brown%2C+K.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC395920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALogging" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Logging" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Logging">Logging</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/logging" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/logging">logging</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/logging/">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> – Logging safety</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180503013549/http://www.myminnesotawoods.umn.edu/2009/12/minnesota-timber-harvesting-publications-and-other-resource-links/">Publications on timber harvesting in Minnesota, US</a>. Many are applicable elsewhere.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia-international.org/campaigns/forests/">EIA forest reports</a>: Investigations into illegal logging.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160226181045/http://eia-global.org/forests_for_the_world/">EIA in the USA</a> Reports and info.</li> <li>Logging in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715180216/http://reynoldstonnewyork.com/LoggingandLoggingCamps.aspx">Reynoldston, NY</a> 1870–1930, northern foothills of the Adirondack Mountains</li> <li>Life in Logging Camps in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715180216/http://reynoldstonnewyork.com/LoggingandLoggingCamps.aspx">Reynoldston NY</a> 1870–1930</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcforestsafe.org">BC Forest Safety Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170220095621/http://oldphotoarchive.com/stories/old-logging-photos">Pictorial history of logging from 1880–1920</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160522030340/http://www.naturallywood.com/uploadedFiles/General/Sustainable_Forests/Sustainable_Forest_Management.pdf">Naturally:wood Sustainable Forest Management</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcollections.library.ubc.ca/cdm/landingpage/collection/capilano">Logging in North Vancouver in the 1910s</a> – A visual history from the UBC Library Digital Collections</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/cdm/search/collection/indocc/searchterm/log*%20lumber%20plywood%20woodworkers/field/all/mode/any/conn/and/cosuppress/">Industries and Occupation Photographs in the Pacific Northwest</a> – Logging and Lumber Mining Photographs from the University of Washington Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.lib.washington.edu/clarkkinseyweb/index.html">Kinsey Brothers Photography of the Lumber Industry in the Pacific Northwest</a> – University of Washington Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.lib.washington.edu/cmpweb/exhibits/logging/index.html">Man to Machine: Logging in the Pacific Northwest</a> – University of Washington Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forestindustry.com/">North American forest industry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160123161402/http://www.forestindustry.com/">Archived</a> 2016-01-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> online information portal</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tree_template.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Tree_template.svg/19px-Tree_template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Tree_template.svg/19px-Tree_template.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Tree_template.svg/29px-Tree_template.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Tree_template.svg/38px-Tree_template.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Trees" title="Portal:Trees">Trees</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/20px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/20px-Emblem-money.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/40px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business" title="Portal:Business">Business</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logging&oldid=1272884823">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logging&oldid=1272884823</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Logging&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="InklingF" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1738256446"> <span>Last edited on 30 January 2025, at 17:00</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قطع الأشجار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قطع الأشجار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%B2-chhi%C5%AB" title="Chhò-chhiū – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhò-chhiū" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Дърводобив – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дърводобив" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria_fustera" title="Indústria fustera – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Indústria fustera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%9B%C5%BEba_d%C5%99%C3%ADv%C3%AD" title="Těžba dříví – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Těžba dříví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holzernte" title="Holzernte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Holzernte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metsaraie" title="Metsaraie – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metsaraie" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Υλοτομία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υλοτομία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explotaci%C3%B3n_forestal" title="Explotación forestal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Explotación forestal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbarekspluatado" title="Arbarekspluatado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arbarekspluatado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="درخت‌بری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درخت‌بری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploitation_foresti%C3%A8re" title="Exploitation forestière – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Exploitation forestière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houtkap" title="Houtkap – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Houtkap" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%8C%EC%B1%84" title="벌채 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벌채" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D6%85%D5%A3%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Անտառօգտագործում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անտառօգտագործում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pridobivanje_drva" title="Pridobivanje drva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pridobivanje drva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestala_explotado" title="Forestala explotado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Forestala explotado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penebangan" title="Penebangan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penebangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Трелёвка – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Трелёвка" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakitermel%C3%A9s" title="Fakitermelés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fakitermelés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitrandrahana_ala" title="Fitrandrahana ala – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitrandrahana ala" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembalakan" title="Pembalakan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembalakan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%85" title="Мод бэлтгэх – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мод бэлтгэх" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houtkap" title="Houtkap – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Houtkap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%90%E6%8E%A1" title="伐採 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="伐採" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trefelling" title="Trefelling – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trefelling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B8mmerhogst" title="Tømmerhogst – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tømmerhogst" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozyskiwanie_drewna" title="Pozyskiwanie drewna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pozyskiwanie drewna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sach%27a_muthuy" title="Sach'a muthuy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sach'a muthuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лесозаготовка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лесозаготовка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logging" title="Logging – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Logging" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A4a%C5%BEba_dreva" title="Ťažba dreva – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ťažba dreva" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C4%8Dnja" title="Sečnja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sečnja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%95%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بڕینەوەی دار – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بڕینەوەی دار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mets%C3%A4nhakkuu" title="Metsänhakkuu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metsänhakkuu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avverkning" title="Avverkning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Avverkning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagtotroso" title="Pagtotroso – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagtotroso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89" title="การทำไม้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การทำไม้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCt%C3%BCk_(a%C4%9Fa%C3%A7)" title="Kütük (ağaç) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kütük (ağaç)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Лісозаготівля – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лісозаготівля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khai_th%C3%A1c_g%E1%BB%97" title="Khai thác gỗ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khai thác gỗ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokionaedje" title="Bokionaedje – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bokionaedje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AC%E6%A8%B9" title="斬樹 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斬樹" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%90%E6%9C%A8" title="伐木 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伐木" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukutheza" title="Ukutheza – South Ndebele" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Ukutheza" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele 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