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class="mw-page-title-main">Smithsonian Institution Building</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Building" title="Smithsonian Institution Building – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Smithsonian Institution Building" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castillo_de_la_Instituci%C3%B3n_Smithsonian" title="Castillo de la Institución Smithsonian – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Castillo de la Institución Smithsonian" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ساختمان مؤسسه اسمیتسونین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساختمان مؤسسه اسمیتسونین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2timent_de_la_Smithsonian_Institution" title="Bâtiment de la Smithsonian Institution – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bâtiment de la Smithsonian Institution" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Building" title="Smithsonian Institution Building – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Smithsonian Institution Building" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA%27%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F" title="בניין הסמית'סוניאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בניין הסמית'סוניאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebouw_van_het_Smithsonian_Institution" title="Gebouw van het Smithsonian Institution – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gebouw van het Smithsonian Institution" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9F%E3%82%BD%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8" title="スミソニアン協会本部 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スミソニアン協会本部" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="سمتھسونین انسٹیٹیوشن بلڈنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سمتھسونین انسٹیٹیوشن بلڈنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Здание Смитсоновского института – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Здание Смитсоновского института" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Smithsonian_Institution_Building&params=38_53_19.49_N_77_1_33.59_W_type:landmark_region:US"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°53′19.49″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°1′33.59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.8887472°N 77.0259972°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.8887472; -77.0259972</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States historic place</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:1px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">Smithsonian Institution Building</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.4; color: #202122; background: #87CEEB"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Historic Landmark</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smithsonian_Institution_Building_(53831938398).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Smithsonian_Institution_Building_%2853831938398%29.jpg/250px-Smithsonian_Institution_Building_%2853831938398%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Smithsonian_Institution_Building_%2853831938398%29.jpg/375px-Smithsonian_Institution_Building_%2853831938398%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Smithsonian_Institution_Building_%2853831938398%29.jpg/500px-Smithsonian_Institution_Building_%2853831938398%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4792" data-file-height="3594" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Main façade of the Smithsonian Building</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-lat="38.888747222222" data-lon="-77.025997222222" data-overlays="["_d5508c690acf9437cd5de9343bcbdd42c7463f95"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/13/38.888747222222/-77.025997222222/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,38.888747222222,-77.025997222222,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Smithsonian_Institution_Building&revid=1234186306&groups=_d5508c690acf9437cd5de9343bcbdd42c7463f95" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,38.888747222222,-77.025997222222,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Smithsonian_Institution_Building&revid=1234186306&groups=_d5508c690acf9437cd5de9343bcbdd42c7463f95 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Smithsonian_Institution_Building&params=38_53_19.49_N_77_1_33.59_W_type:landmark_region:US"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°53′19.49″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°1′33.59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.8887472°N 77.0259972°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.8887472; -77.0259972</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Built</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">1849–1855</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/James_Renwick_Jr." title="James Renwick Jr.">James Renwick Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/66000867">66000867</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background: #A8EDEF">Significant dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">October 15, 1966<sup id="cite_ref-nris_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Designated NHL</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">January 12, 1965<sup id="cite_ref-nhlsum_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smithsonian_building,_LCCN2017659613-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Smithsonian_building%2C_LCCN2017659613-crop.jpg/220px-Smithsonian_building%2C_LCCN2017659613-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Smithsonian_building%2C_LCCN2017659613-crop.jpg/330px-Smithsonian_building%2C_LCCN2017659613-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Smithsonian_building%2C_LCCN2017659613-crop.jpg/440px-Smithsonian_building%2C_LCCN2017659613-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2335" data-file-height="1699" /></a><figcaption>View facing northeast, 1864</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Smithsonian Institution Building</b>, more commonly known as the <b>Smithsonian Castle</b> or simply <b>The Castle</b>, is a building on the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> housing the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>'s administrative offices and information center. Built as the first Smithsonian museum building, it is constructed of <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Quarry" title="Seneca Quarry">Seneca red</a> <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a> Revival style (a recalling of a 12th-century combination of late <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> motifs; built in the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture" title="Romanesque Revival architecture">Romanesque</a> <a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">revival</a> styles). It was completed in 1855 and designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-nhlsum_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Institution_Building&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Castle was the first Smithsonian building, designed by architect <a href="/wiki/James_Renwick_Jr." title="James Renwick Jr.">James Renwick Jr.</a>, whose other works include <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York">St. Patrick's Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and the Smithsonian's <a href="/wiki/Renwick_Gallery" title="Renwick Gallery">Renwick Gallery</a>, also in Washington D.C. The building committee held a nationwide design competition in 1846 and selected Renwick's design by a unanimous vote.<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renwick's second design, which was Gothic Revival in style, was used in the design of <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Episcopal_Church_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Trinity Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.)">Trinity Episcopal Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-goode_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goode-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A cardboard model of Renwick's winning design survives and is on display in the Castle. Renwick was assisted by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mills_(architect)" title="Robert Mills (architect)">Robert Mills</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly in the internal arrangement of the building.<sup id="cite_ref-bldgsdc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bldgsdc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JosephHenry-SmithsonianCastle-20050517.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/JosephHenry-SmithsonianCastle-20050517.jpg/150px-JosephHenry-SmithsonianCastle-20050517.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/JosephHenry-SmithsonianCastle-20050517.jpg/225px-JosephHenry-SmithsonianCastle-20050517.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/JosephHenry-SmithsonianCastle-20050517.jpg/300px-JosephHenry-SmithsonianCastle-20050517.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>A statue of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a> is displayed in front of the building.</figcaption></figure> <p>Initially intended to be built in white marble, then in yellow sandstone,<sup id="cite_ref-bldgsdc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bldgsdc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the architect and building committee finally settled on Seneca red sandstone from the <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Quarry" title="Seneca Quarry">Seneca Quarry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery County, Maryland</a>. The redstone was substantially less expensive than granite or marble, and while initially easy to work, was found to harden to a satisfactory degree on exposure to the elements.<sup id="cite_ref-castleandquarry_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castleandquarry-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholarly evidence indicates it is likely that slaves were employed at Seneca in quarrying stone for the Castle, though no evidence has surfaced that slaves were involved in the actual Castle construction.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building committee selected Gilbert Cameron as the general contractor, and construction began in 1847. The East Wing was completed in 1849 and occupied by Secretary <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a> and his family. The West Wing was completed later the same year. A structural collapse in 1850 of partly completed work raised questions of workmanship and resulted in a change to fireproof construction. The Castle's exterior was completed in 1852; Renwick's work was completed and he withdrew from further participation. Cameron continued the interior work, which he completed in 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction funds came from "accrued interest on the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution#Founding" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithson bequest</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the upgraded fireproof construction, a fire in 1865 caused extensive damage to the upper floor of the building, destroying the correspondence of <a href="/wiki/James_Smithson" title="James Smithson">James Smithson</a>, Henry's papers, two hundred oil paintings of American Indians by <a href="/wiki/John_Mix_Stanley" title="John Mix Stanley">John Mix Stanley</a>, the Regent's Room and the lecture hall, and the contents of the public libraries of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beaufort,_South_Carolina" title="Beaufort, South Carolina">Beaufort, South Carolina</a>, confiscated by Union forces during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. The ensuing renovation was undertaken by local Washington architect <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Cluss" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolph Cluss">Adolf Cluss</a> in 1865–67. Further fireproofing work ensued in 1883, also by Cluss, who by this time had designed the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Industries_Building" title="Arts and Industries Building">Arts and Industries Building</a>. A third and fourth floor were added to the East Wing, and a third floor to the West Wing. Electric lighting was installed in 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1900, the wooden floor of the Great Hall was replaced with <a href="/wiki/Terrazzo" title="Terrazzo">terrazzo</a> and a Children's Museum was installed near the south entrance. A tunnel connected to the Arts and Industries Building. A general renovation took place in 1968–70 to install modern electrical systems, elevators and heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Enid_A._Haupt_Garden" title="Enid A. Haupt Garden">Enid A. Haupt Garden</a> was dedicated in 1987, along with the Renwick Gate facing Independence Avenue, built from Seneca redstone retrieved from the demolished D.C. Jail.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2023, the Castle closed for a planned five-year renovation.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project would include restoration of many aspects of the building, and removal of an upper floor of offices to restore the Grand Hall to its original appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Institution_Building&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_entrance_-_Smithsonian_Institution_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/East_entrance_-_Smithsonian_Institution_Building.JPG/220px-East_entrance_-_Smithsonian_Institution_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/East_entrance_-_Smithsonian_Institution_Building.JPG/330px-East_entrance_-_Smithsonian_Institution_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/East_entrance_-_Smithsonian_Institution_Building.JPG/440px-East_entrance_-_Smithsonian_Institution_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2277" data-file-height="1843" /></a><figcaption>East entrance to the building</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smithsonian_Institution_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Smithsonian_Institution_Castle.jpg/220px-Smithsonian_Institution_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Smithsonian_Institution_Castle.jpg/330px-Smithsonian_Institution_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Smithsonian_Institution_Castle.jpg/440px-Smithsonian_Institution_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3485" data-file-height="2193" /></a><figcaption>View facing southeast, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Renwick designed the Castle as the focal point of a picturesque landscape on the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> using elements from <a href="/wiki/Georg_Moller" title="Georg Moller">Georg Moller</a>'s <i>Denkmäler der deutschen Baukunst</i>. Renwick originally intended to detail the building with entirely American sculptural flora in the manner of <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe" title="Benjamin Henry Latrobe">Benjamin Henry Latrobe</a>'s work at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a>, but the final work used conventional pattern-book designs.<sup id="cite_ref-bldgsdc_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bldgsdc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building is completed in the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Revival">Gothic Revival</a> style with <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> motifs. This style was chosen to evoke the <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Gothic" title="Collegiate Gothic">Collegiate Gothic</a> in England and the ideas of knowledge and wisdom. The façade is built with red sandstone from the <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Quarry" title="Seneca Quarry">Seneca quarry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seneca,_Maryland" title="Seneca, Maryland">Seneca, Maryland</a> in contrast to the granite, marble and yellow sandstone from the other major buildings in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-castleandquarry_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castleandquarry-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building comprises a central section, two extensions or ranges, and two wings. Four towers contain occupiable space, while five smaller towers are primarily decorative, although some contain stairs. As constructed, the central section contained the main entry and museum space (now the Great Hall), with a basement beneath and a large lecture room above. Two galleries on the second floor were used to display artifacts and art. This area is now the Visitor's Information and Associates' Reception area. The East Range contained laboratory space on the first floor and research space on the second. The East Wing contained storage space on the first floor and a suite of rooms on the second as an apartment for the Secretary of the Smithsonian. This space is currently used as administrative offices and archives. The West Range was one story and used as a reading room. The West Wing, known as the chapel, was used as a library.<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The West Wing and Range are now used as a quiet room for visitors to go. </p><p>On the exterior, the principal tower on the south side is 91 feet (28 m) high and 37 feet (11 m) square. On the north side there are two towers, the taller on 145 feet (44 m) tall. A <a href="/wiki/Campanile" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanile">campanile</a> at the northeast corner is 17 feet (5.2 m) square and 117 feet (36 m) tall.<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plan allowed for expansion at either end, a major reason for the informal medieval-inspired design, which would not suffer if asymmetrically developed.<sup id="cite_ref-bldgsdc_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bldgsdc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:641px;max-width:641px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Exterior views</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:231px;max-width:231px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02.jpg/229px-12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="229" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02.jpg/344px-12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02.jpg/458px-12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2965" data-file-height="1640" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">North façade</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arts_and_Industries_Building_Across_the_Parterre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arts_and_Industries_Building_Across_the_Parterre.jpg/190px-Arts_and_Industries_Building_Across_the_Parterre.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arts_and_Industries_Building_Across_the_Parterre.jpg/285px-Arts_and_Industries_Building_Across_the_Parterre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Arts_and_Industries_Building_Across_the_Parterre.jpg/380px-Arts_and_Industries_Building_Across_the_Parterre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7249" data-file-height="4838" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Enid A. Haupt Garden</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smithsonian_Building_NR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Smithsonian_Building_NR.jpg/210px-Smithsonian_Building_NR.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Smithsonian_Building_NR.jpg/315px-Smithsonian_Building_NR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Smithsonian_Building_NR.jpg/420px-Smithsonian_Building_NR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5092" data-file-height="3073" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">South façade</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_use">Current use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Institution_Building&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Current use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Smithsonian Castle houses the administrative offices of the Smithsonian. The main Smithsonian visitor center is also located here, with interactive displays and maps. Computers electronically answer most common questions. A <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a> just inside the north entrance houses the <a href="/wiki/Tomb" title="Tomb">tomb</a> of <a href="/wiki/James_Smithson" title="James Smithson">James Smithson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-smithson1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithson1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Institution_Building&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Architecture of Washington, D.C.">Architecture of Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anna_Henry" title="Mary Anna Henry">Mary Anna Henry</a>, resident who kept detailed observations of events at the Castle during the Civil War.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Quarry" title="Seneca Quarry">Seneca Quarry</a>, the source of red sandstone for the Smithsonian Castle, listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Institution_Building&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nhlsum-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nhlsum_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhlsum_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1104&ResourceType=Building">"Smithsonian Institution Building"</a>. <i>National Historic Landmark summary listing</i>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Landmark+summary+listing&rft.atitle=Smithsonian+Institution+Building&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.cr.nps.gov%2Fnhl%2Fdetail.cfm%3FResourceId%3D1104%26ResourceType%3DBuilding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nris-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nris_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=657&ResourceType=Building">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i>National Register of Historic Places</i>. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.cr.nps.gov%2Fnhl%2Fdetail.cfm%3FResourceId%3D657%26ResourceType%3DBuilding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nrhpinv1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv1_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton1971" class="citation web cs1">Morton, W. Brown III (February 8, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/66000867_text">"National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination: Smithsonian Institution Building"</a>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory+Nomination%3A+Smithsonian+Institution+Building&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=1971-02-08&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=W.+Brown+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNHLS%2F66000867_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goode-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goode_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoode2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Moore_Goode" title="James Moore Goode">Goode, James M.</a> (2003). <i>Capital Losses</i>. Smithsonian. p. 233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781588341051" title="Special:BookSources/9781588341051"><bdi>9781588341051</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capital+Losses&rft.pages=233&rft.pub=Smithsonian&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781588341051&rft.aulast=Goode&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bldgsdc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bldgsdc_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bldgsdc_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bldgsdc_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bldgsdc_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottLee,_Antoinette_J.1993" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Pamela; Lee, Antoinette J. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buildingsofdistr0000scot/page/94">"The Mall"</a>. <i>Buildings of the District of Columbia</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buildingsofdistr0000scot/page/94">94–96</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-509389-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-509389-5"><bdi>0-19-509389-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mall&rft.btitle=Buildings+of+the+District+of+Columbia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=94-96&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-19-509389-5&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.au=Lee%2C+Antoinette+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbuildingsofdistr0000scot%2Fpage%2F94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-castleandquarry-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-castleandquarry_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castleandquarry_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeck2013" class="citation book cs1">Peck, Garrett (2013). <i>The Smithsonian Castle and the Seneca Quarry</i>. Charleston, SC: The History Press. pp. 42–56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1609499297" title="Special:BookSources/978-1609499297"><bdi>978-1609499297</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Smithsonian+Castle+and+the+Seneca+Quarry&rft.place=Charleston%2C+SC&rft.pages=42-56&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1609499297&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=Garrett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuslander2012" class="citation journal cs1">Auslander, Mark (December 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southernspaces.org/2012/enslaved-labor-and-building-smithsonian-reading-stones">"Enslaved Labor and Building the Smithsonian: Reading the Stones"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Spaces" title="Southern Spaces">Southern Spaces</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Spaces&rft.atitle=Enslaved+Labor+and+Building+the+Smithsonian%3A+Reading+the+Stones&rft.date=2012-12-12&rft.aulast=Auslander&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southernspaces.org%2F2012%2Fenslaved-labor-and-building-smithsonian-reading-stones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Smithsonian Institution Policies Governing the Use of Federally Appropriated Funds; Federally and Privately Financed Contracts and Grants; and Trust Funds", <i>Proceedings of the Meeting of the Board of Regents</i>, Smithsonian Institution, May 13, 1977, p. 49, <q>The construction of the original Smithsonian Building in 1847-1855 was funded from the accrued interest on the Smithson bequest.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Smithsonian+Institution+Policies+Governing+the+Use+of+Federally+Appropriated+Funds%3B+Federally+and+Privately+Financed+Contracts+and+Grants%3B+and+Trust+Funds&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Meeting+of+the+Board+of+Regents&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft.date=1977-05-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeck2013" class="citation book cs1">Peck, Garrett (2013). <i>The Smithsonian Castle and the Seneca Quarry</i>. Charleston, SC: The History Press. pp. 122–126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1609499297" title="Special:BookSources/978-1609499297"><bdi>978-1609499297</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Smithsonian+Castle+and+the+Seneca+Quarry&rft.place=Charleston%2C+SC&rft.pages=122-126&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1609499297&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=Garrett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.edu/museums/smithsonian-institution-building">"Smithsonian Institution Building (The Castle)"</a>. Smithsonian Institution<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smithsonian+Institution+Building+%28The+Castle%29&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.edu%2Fmuseums%2Fsmithsonian-institution-building&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuane2023" class="citation news cs1">Ruane, Michael E. (January 5, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230105233751/https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2023/01/05/smithsonian-castle-close-renovation/">"Smithsonian Castle to close for renovations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2023/01/05/smithsonian-castle-close-renovation/">the original</a></span> on January 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Smithsonian+Castle+to+close+for+renovations&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft.aulast=Ruane&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fdc-md-va%2F2023%2F01%2F05%2Fsmithsonian-castle-close-renovation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWachs2023" class="citation news cs1">Wachs, Audrey (January 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archpaper.com/2023/01/smithsonian-castle-to-close-for-its-first-major-renovation-in-50-years/">"Smithsonian's "Castle" to close for its first major renovation in 50 years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Architect%27s_Newspaper" title="The Architect's Newspaper">The Architect's Newspaper</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Architect%27s+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Smithsonian%27s+%22Castle%22+to+close+for+its+first+major+renovation+in+50+years&rft.date=2023-01-06&rft.aulast=Wachs&rft.aufirst=Audrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archpaper.com%2F2023%2F01%2Fsmithsonian-castle-to-close-for-its-first-major-renovation-in-50-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smithson1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smithson1_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070612155013/http://siarchives.si.edu/history/exhibits/historic/history.htm#sib">"Smithsonian Institution Building"</a>. <i>Histories of the Smithsonian Institution's Museums and Research Centers</i>. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siarchives.si.edu/history/exhibits/historic/history.htm#sib">the original</a> on June 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histories+of+the+Smithsonian+Institution%27s+Museums+and+Research+Centers&rft.atitle=Smithsonian+Institution+Building&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiarchives.si.edu%2Fhistory%2Fexhibits%2Fhistoric%2Fhistory.htm%23sib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Institution_Building&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mark Auslander, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southernspaces.org/2012/enslaved-labor-and-building-smithsonian-reading-stones">Enslaved Labor and Building the Smithsonian: Reading the Stones</a>," <i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Spaces" title="Southern Spaces">Southern Spaces</a></i>, December 12, 2012.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedman2022" class="citation book cs1">Redman, Samuel (2022). <i>The Museum: A Short History of Crisis and Resilience</i>. New York: New York University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4798-0933-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4798-0933-2"><bdi>978-1-4798-0933-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Museum%3A+A+Short+History+of+Crisis+and+Resilience&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-4798-0933-2&rft.aulast=Redman&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Institution+Building" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Institution_Building&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Smithsonian_Institution_Building" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Smithsonian Institution Building">Smithsonian Institution Building</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/42341487">Smithsonian Institution Building</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.si.edu/visit/infocenter/sicastle.htm">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Buildings_Survey" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Buildings Survey</a> (HABS) No. DC-141, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/dc0231/">Smithsonian Institution Building, 1000 Jefferson Drive, between Ninth & Twelfth Stre, Washington, District of Columbia, DC</a>", 128 photos, 4 color transparencies, 27 measured drawings, 7 data pages, 11 photo caption pages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/smithsonian-institution-building-the-castle">Smithsonian Institution Building, The Castle at Google Cultural Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?432001-1/smithsonian-institution-castle">C-SPAN Tour of the Smithsonian Castle</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_Art" title="National Museum of African Art">African Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">Air and Space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Udvar-Hazy_Center" title="Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center">Udvar–Hazy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">American Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renwick_Gallery" title="Renwick Gallery">Renwick Gallery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History" title="National Museum of American History">American History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Jazz_Masterworks_Orchestra" title="Smithsonian Jazz Masterworks Orchestra">Jazz Masterworks Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Numismatic_Collection" title="National Numismatic Collection">Numismatic Collection</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">American Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Gustav_Heye_Center" title="George Gustav Heye Center">Heye Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacostia_Community_Museum" title="Anacostia Community Museum">Anacostia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Industries_Building" title="Arts and Industries Building">Arts and Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Asian_Art" title="National Museum of Asian Art">Asian Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freer_Gallery_of_Art" title="Freer Gallery of Art">Freer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Sackler_Gallery" title="Arthur M. Sackler Gallery">Sackler</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Hewitt,_Smithsonian_Design_Museum" title="Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum">Cooper–Hewitt Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Gardens" title="Smithsonian Gardens">Gardens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archives_of_American_Gardens" title="Archives of American Gardens">Archives of American Gardens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirshhorn_Museum_and_Sculpture_Garden" title="Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden">Hirshhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Latino" title="National Museum of the American Latino">Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">Natural History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consortium_for_the_Barcode_of_Life" title="Consortium for the Barcode of Life">Barcode of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">Encyclopedia of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Volcanism_Program" title="Global Volcanism Program">Global Volcanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Museum" title="National Postal Museum">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Women%27s_History_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Women's History Museum">Women's History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zoo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Zoological_Park_(United_States)" title="National Zoological Park (United States)">National Zoological Park</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Beazley" title="Uncle Beazley">Uncle Beazley</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archives_of_American_Art" title="Archives of American Art">Archives of American Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Coral_Reef_Ecosystems_Program" title="Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program">Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_at_the_Smithsonian_Institution" title="Conservation and restoration at the Smithsonian Institution">Conservation and restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Smithsonian_Center_for_Astrophysics" title="Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute" title="Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute">Conservation Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Environmental_Research_Center" title="Smithsonian Environmental Research Center">Environmental Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Libraries_and_Archives" title="Smithsonian Libraries and Archives">Libraries and Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_Heritage_Library" title="Biodiversity Heritage Library">Biodiversity Heritage Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Marine_Station_at_Fort_Pierce" title="Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce">Marine Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Conservation_Institute" title="Museum Conservation Institute">Museum Conservation Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Migratory_Bird_Center" title="Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center">Migratory Bird</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Tropical_Research_Institute" title="Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute">Tropical Research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Asian_Pacific_American_Center" title="Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center">Asian Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Latino_Center" title="Smithsonian Latino Center">Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Center_for_Folklife_and_Cultural_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage">Folklife and Cultural Heritage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Folklife_Festival" title="Smithsonian Folklife Festival">Folklife Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Folkways" title="Smithsonian Folkways">Folkways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Global_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Global Sound">Global Sound</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Affiliations" title="Smithsonian Affiliations">Affiliations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Dillon_Ripley_Center" title="S. Dillon Ripley Center">Ripley Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Art_(journal)" title="American Art (journal)">American Art</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Air_%26_Space/Smithsonian" title="Air & Space/Smithsonian">Air & Space/Smithsonian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/STEM_in_30" title="STEM in 30">STEM in 30</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)"><i>Smithsonian</i> magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Channel" title="Smithsonian Channel">Smithsonian Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Contributions_and_Studies_Series" title="Smithsonian Contributions and Studies Series">Smithsonian Contributions and Studies Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Smithson_Medal" title="James Smithson Medal">James Smithson Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lang_Freer_Medal" title="Charles Lang Freer Medal">Charles Lang Freer Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodgkins_Medal" title="Hodgkins Medal">Hodgkins Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langley_Gold_Medal" title="Langley Gold Medal">Langley Gold Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Design_Awards" title="National Design Awards">National Design Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Philatelic_Achievement_Award" title="Smithsonian Philatelic Achievement Award">Smithsonian Philatelic Achievement Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Awards" title="Woodrow Wilson Awards">Woodrow Wilson Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Smithson" title="James Smithson">James Smithson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_International_Center_for_Scholars" title="Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars">Wilson Center</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Wilson_Quarterly" title="The Wilson Quarterly">The Wilson Quarterly</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Police">Smithsonian Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Tick_Collection" title="U.S. National Tick Collection">U.S. National Tick Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605937#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605937#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605937#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316746605">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/631422/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85123674">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282198205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Smithsonian Institution Building (Washington, D.C.)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6g81tm9">SNAC</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Smithsonian Institution Building"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69392q9">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63g2t99">3</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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