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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg/290px-Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg/435px-Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg/580px-Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Quadrangularis_Reversum" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrangularis Reversum">Quadrangularis Reversum</a>, one of Partch's instruments featuring the 43-tone scale</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>43-tone scale</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">just intonation</a> scale with 43 pitches in each <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a>. It is based on an eleven-limit tonality diamond, similar to the seven-limit diamond previously devised by <a href="/wiki/Max_Friedrich_Meyer" title="Max Friedrich Meyer">Max Friedrich Meyer</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and refined by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Harry Partch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Kassel's sole mention of the 43-note scale is: "By 1941 Partch was in the Midwest, where he expanded his instrumentarium, ... set a final 43-tone gamut and began to compose for larger ensembles." There is no mention of Meyer at all, nor of Partch "refining" either the seven-limit diamond or his 43-tone scale after having decided on that compromise (the seven-limit diamond actually suggests a 39-, 41-, or 55-note scale). (March 2020)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first of Partch's "four concepts" is "The scale of musical <a href="/wiki/Interval_(music)" title="Interval (music)">intervals</a> begins with absolute <a href="/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance" title="Consonance and dissonance">consonance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unison" title="Unison">1 to 1</a>) and gradually progresses into an infinitude of <a href="/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance" title="Consonance and dissonance">dissonance</a>, the consonance of the intervals decreasing as the odd numbers of their <a href="/wiki/Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">ratios</a> increase."<sup id="cite_ref-Gilmore1992_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilmore1992-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPartch197487_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPartch197487-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost all of Partch's music is written in the 43-tone scale, and although most of his instruments can play only subsets of the full scale, he used it as an all-encompassing framework. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Partch%27s_43-tone_scale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Partch chose the 11 <a href="/wiki/Limit_(music)" title="Limit (music)">limit</a> (i.e. all rational numbers with odd factors of numerator and denominator not exceeding 11) as the basis of his music, because the 11th <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">harmonic</a> is the first that is utterly foreign to Western ears.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Is this in 'Genesis' somewhere? Nothing in the next sentence is. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The seventh harmonic is poorly approximated by 12-tone <a href="/wiki/Equal_temperament" title="Equal temperament">equal temperament</a>, but it appears in ancient Greek scales, is well-approximated by <a href="/wiki/Meantone_temperament" title="Meantone temperament">meantone temperament</a>, and it is familiar from the <a href="/wiki/Barbershop_music" title="Barbershop music">barbershop quartet</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the ninth harmonic is comparatively well approximated by equal temperament and it exists in <a href="/wiki/Pythagorean_tuning" title="Pythagorean tuning">Pythagorean tuning</a> (because 3 × 3 = 9); but the 11th harmonic falls right in the middle between two pitches of 12-tone equal temperament (551.3 cents).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="None of this is found in 'Genesis', especially not the barbershop quartet. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although theorists like <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Hindemith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a> have suggested that the 11th harmonic is implied by, e.g. F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> in the key of C,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Where exactly have Hindemith and Schoenberg suggested this? (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Partch's opinion is that it is simply too far out of tune, and "if the ear does not realize an implication, it does not exist."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPartch1974126_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPartch1974126-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratios_of_the_11_limit">Ratios of the 11 limit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Partch%27s_43-tone_scale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ratios of the 11 limit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Here are all the ratios within the <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> with odd factors up to and including 11, known as the 11-limit <a href="/wiki/Tonality_diamond" title="Tonality diamond">tonality diamond</a>. Note that the <a href="/wiki/Inversion_(interval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inversion (interval)">inversion</a> of every interval is also present, so the set is symmetric about the octave. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cent_(music)" title="Cent (music)">Cents</a> </td> <td>0</td> <td>150.6</td> <td>165.0</td> <td>182.4</td> <td>203.9</td> <td>231.2</td> <td>266.9</td> <td>315.6</td> <td>347.4</td> <td>386.3</td> <td>417.5</td> <td>435.1</td> <td>498.0</td> <td>551.3</td> <td>582.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">Ratio</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unison" title="Unison">1/1</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutral_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral second">12/11</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutral_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral second">11/10</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_second" title="Major second">10/9</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_second" title="Major second">9/8</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diminished_third" title="Diminished third">8/7</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Augmented_second" title="Augmented second">7/6</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minor_third" title="Minor third">6/5</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutral_third" title="Neutral third">11/9</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_third" title="Major third">5/4</a></td> <td>14/11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Septimal_major_third" title="Septimal major third">9/7</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perfect_fourth" title="Perfect fourth">4/3</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tritone" title="Tritone">11/8</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Septimal_tritone" title="Septimal tritone">7/5</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/41_equal_temperament" title="41 equal temperament">41-ET</a> </td> <td>0.0</td> <td>5.1</td> <td>5.6</td> <td>6.2</td> <td>7.0</td> <td>7.9</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>10.8</td> <td>11.9</td> <td>13.2</td> <td>14.3</td> <td>14.9</td> <td>17.0</td> <td>18.8</td> <td>19.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Audio </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="50" style="width:50px;" data-durationhint="7" data-mwtitle="Unison_on_C.mid" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Unison_on_C.mid" type="audio/midi" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Unison_on_C.mid/Unison_on_C.mid.ogg" type="audio/ogg; 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codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/Major_tone_on_C.mid/Major_tone_on_C.mid.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="50" style="width:50px;" data-mwtitle="Septimal_major_second_on_C.mid" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Septimal_major_second_on_C.mid" type="audio/midi" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Septimal_major_second_on_C.mid/Septimal_major_second_on_C.mid.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Septimal_major_second_on_C.mid/Septimal_major_second_on_C.mid.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_6" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="50" style="width:50px;" data-mwtitle="Septimal_minor_third_on_C.mid" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Septimal_minor_third_on_C.mid" type="audio/midi" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Septimal_minor_third_on_C.mid/Septimal_minor_third_on_C.mid.ogg" type="audio/ogg; 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codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/Just_perfect_fourth_on_C.mid/Just_perfect_fourth_on_C.mid.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_13" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="50" style="width:50px;" data-mwtitle="Eleventh_harmonic_on_C.mid" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Eleventh_harmonic_on_C.mid" type="audio/midi" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Eleventh_harmonic_on_C.mid/Eleventh_harmonic_on_C.mid.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Eleventh_harmonic_on_C.mid/Eleventh_harmonic_on_C.mid.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_14" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="50" style="width:50px;" data-mwtitle="Lesser_septimal_tritone_on_C.mid" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Lesser_septimal_tritone_on_C.mid" type="audio/midi" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Lesser_septimal_tritone_on_C.mid/Lesser_septimal_tritone_on_C.mid.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Lesser_septimal_tritone_on_C.mid/Lesser_septimal_tritone_on_C.mid.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Cents </td> <td>617.5</td> <td>648.7</td> <td>702.0</td> <td>764.9</td> <td>782.5</td> <td>813.7</td> <td>852.6</td> <td>884.4</td> <td>933.1</td> <td>968.8</td> <td>996.1</td> <td>1017.6</td> <td>1035.0</td> <td>1049.4</td> <td>1200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ratio </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Septimal_tritone" title="Septimal tritone">10/7</a></td> <td>16/11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perfect_fifth" title="Perfect fifth">3/2</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subminor_sixth" class="mw-redirect" title="Subminor sixth">14/9</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minor_sixth" title="Minor sixth">11/7</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minor_sixth" title="Minor sixth">8/5</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutral_sixth" title="Neutral sixth">18/11</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_sixth" title="Major sixth">5/3</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Supermajor_sixth" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermajor sixth">12/7</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Augmented_sixth" title="Augmented sixth">7/4</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minor_seventh" title="Minor seventh">16/9</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minor_seventh" title="Minor seventh">9/5</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutral_seventh" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral seventh">20/11</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutral_seventh" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral seventh">11/6</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">2/1</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>41-ET </td> <td>21.1</td> <td>22.2</td> <td>24.0</td> <td>26.1</td> <td>26.7</td> <td>27.8</td> <td>29.1</td> <td>30.2</td> <td>31.9</td> <td>33.1</td> <td>34.0</td> <td>34.8</td> <td>35.4</td> <td>35.9</td> <td>41.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Audio </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_15" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="50" style="width:50px;" data-mwtitle="Greater_septimal_tritone_on_C.mid" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Greater_septimal_tritone_on_C.mid" type="audio/midi" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Greater_septimal_tritone_on_C.mid/Greater_septimal_tritone_on_C.mid.ogg" type="audio/ogg; 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codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Perfect_octave_on_C.mid/Perfect_octave_on_C.mid.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filling_in_the_gaps">Filling in the gaps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Partch%27s_43-tone_scale&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Filling in the gaps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two reasons why the 11-limit ratios by themselves would not make a good scale. First, the scale only contains a complete set of chords (<a href="/wiki/Otonality_and_Utonality" class="mw-redirect" title="Otonality and Utonality">otonalities and utonalities</a>) based on one <a href="/wiki/Tonic_(music)" title="Tonic (music)">tonic</a> pitch. Second, it contains large gaps, between the tonic and the two pitches to either side, as well as several other places. Both problems can be solved by filling in the gaps with "multiple-number ratios", or intervals obtained from the product or quotient of other intervals within the 11 limit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (March 2013)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cent_(music)" title="Cent (music)">Cents</a> </td> <td>0</td> <td><b>21.5</b></td> <td><b>53.2</b></td> <td><b>84.5</b></td> <td><b>111.7</b></td> <td>150.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">Ratio</a> </td> <td>1/1</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Syntonic_comma" title="Syntonic comma">81/80</a></b></td> <td><b>33/32</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Septimal_chromatic_semitone" title="Septimal chromatic semitone">21/20</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Semitone" title="Semitone">16/15</a></b></td> <td>12/11 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Cents </td> <td>266.9</td> <td><b>294.1</b></td> <td>315.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ratio </td> <td>7/6</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Semiditone" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiditone">32/27</a></b></td> <td>6/5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Cents </td> <td>435.1</td> <td><b>470.8</b></td> <td>498.0</td> <td><b>519.5</b></td> <td>551.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ratio </td> <td>9/7</td> <td><b>21/16</b></td> <td>4/3</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wolf_interval" title="Wolf interval">27/20</a></b></td> <td>11/8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Cents </td> <td>648.7</td> <td><b>680.5</b></td> <td>702.0</td> <td><b>729.2</b></td> <td>764.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ratio </td> <td>16/11</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wolf_interval" title="Wolf interval">40/27</a></b></td> <td>3/2</td> <td><b>32/21</b></td> <td>14/9 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Cents </td> <td>884.4</td> <td><b>905.9</b></td> <td>933.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ratio </td> <td>5/3</td> <td><b>27/16</b></td> <td>12/7 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Cents </td> <td>1049.4</td> <td><b>1088.3</b></td> <td><b>1115.5</b></td> <td><b>1146.8</b></td> <td><b>1178.5</b></td> <td>1200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ratio </td> <td>11/6</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Major_seventh" title="Major seventh">15/8</a></b></td> <td><b>40/21</b></td> <td><b>64/33</b></td> <td><b>160/81</b></td> <td>2/1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Together with the 29 ratios of the 11 limit, these 14 multiple-number ratios make up the full 43-tone scale.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Erv_Wilson" title="Erv Wilson">Erv Wilson</a> who worked with Partch has pointed out that these added tones form a constant structure of 41 tones with two variables.<sup id="cite_ref-Anaphoria_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anaphoria-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A constant structure giving one the property of anytime a ratio appears it will be subtended by the same number of steps. In this way Partch resolved his harmonic and melodic symmetry in one of the best ways possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Anaphoria_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anaphoria-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Partch_scales">Other Partch scales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Partch%27s_43-tone_scale&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other Partch scales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 43-tone scale was published in <i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_of_a_Music" title="Genesis of a Music">Genesis of a Music</a></i>, and is sometimes known as the Genesis scale, or Partch's pure scale. Other scales he used or considered include a 29 tone scale for adapted viola from 1928; 29, 37, and 55 tone scales from an unpublished manuscript titled "Exposition of Monophony" from 1928; 33,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilmore1995462_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilmore1995462-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a 39 tone scale proposed for a keyboard, and a 41 tone scale and an alternative 43 tone scale from "Exposition of Monophony".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Besides the 11 limit diamond, he also published 5 and 13 limit diamonds, and in an unpublished manuscript worked out a 17 limit diamond.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilmore1995467_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilmore1995467-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Erv Wilson who did the original drawings in Partch's <i>Genesis of a Music</i> has made a series of diagrams of Partch's diamond as well as others like Diamonds.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Partch%27s_43-tone_scale&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chrysalis-foundation.org/Meyer-s_Diamond.htm">"Musical Mathematics: Meyer's Diamond"</a>, <i>Chrysalis-Foundation.org</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKassel2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kassel, Richard (2001). "Partch, Harry". <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Music_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Music Online">Grove Music Online</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.20967">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20967</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Partch%2C+Harry&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.20967&rft.aulast=Kassel&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Partch%27s+43-tone+scale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gilmore1992-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gilmore1992_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmore1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Gilmore" title="Bob Gilmore">Gilmore, Bob</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WFgZAQAAIAAJ"><i>Harry Partch: "the early vocal works 1930–33"</i></a>. British Harry Partch Society. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9529504-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9529504-0-0"><bdi>978-0-9529504-0-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harry+Partch%3A+%22the+early+vocal+works+1930%E2%80%9333%22&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=British+Harry+Partch+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-9529504-0-0&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWFgZAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Partch%27s+43-tone+scale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPartch197487-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPartch197487_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPartch1974">Partch 1974</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbott1992" class="citation journal cs1">Abbott, Lynn (1992). "Play That Barber Shop Chord: A Case for the African-American Origin of Barbershop Harmony". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Music_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Music (journal)">American Music</a></i>. <b>10</b> (3): 289–325. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3051597">10.2307/3051597</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3051597">3051597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Music&rft.atitle=Play+That+Barber+Shop+Chord%3A+A+Case+for+the+African-American+Origin+of+Barbershop+Harmony&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=289-325&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3051597&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3051597%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Partch%27s+43-tone+scale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDöhl2014" class="citation journal cs1">Döhl, Frédéric (2014). "From Harmonic Style to Genre. The Early History (1890s–1940s) of the Uniquely American Musical Term Barbershop". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Music_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Music (journal)">American Music</a></i>. <b>32</b> (2): 123–171. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5406%2Famericanmusic.32.2.0123">10.5406/americanmusic.32.2.0123</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194072078">194072078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Music&rft.atitle=From+Harmonic+Style+to+Genre.+The+Early+History+%281890s%E2%80%931940s%29+of+the+Uniquely+American+Musical+Term+Barbershop&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=123-171&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5406%2Famericanmusic.32.2.0123&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194072078%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=D%C3%B6hl&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Partch%27s+43-tone+scale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPartch1974126-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPartch1974126_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPartch1974">Partch 1974</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anaphoria-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anaphoria_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anaphoria_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anaphoria.com/Partchpapers.pdf">"Letter to John from ERV Wilson, 19 October 1964 - SH 5 Chalmers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Anaphoria.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+to+John+from+ERV+Wilson%2C+19+October+1964+-+SH+5+Chalmers&rft.pub=Anaphoria.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanaphoria.com%2FPartchpapers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Partch%27s+43-tone+scale" class="Z3988"></span>page 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilmore1995462-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilmore1995462_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilmore1995">Gilmore 1995</a>, p. 462.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilmore1995467-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilmore1995467_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilmore1995">Gilmore 1995</a>, p. 467.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anaphoria.com/wilsondiamondcoprime.html">"The diamond and other lambdoma"</a>. Wilson archives. <i>Anaphoria.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anaphoria.com&rft.atitle=The+diamond+and+other+lambdoma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanaphoria.com%2Fwilsondiamondcoprime.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Partch%27s+43-tone+scale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmore1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Gilmore" title="Bob Gilmore">Gilmore, Bob</a> (Winter–Summer 1995). "Changing the Metaphor: Ratio Models of Musical Pitch in the Work of Harry Partch, Ben Johnston, and James Tenney". <i><a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a></i>. <b>33</b> (1 & 2): 458–503.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+of+New+Music&rft.atitle=Changing+the+Metaphor%3A+Ratio+Models+of+Musical+Pitch+in+the+Work+of+Harry+Partch%2C+Ben+Johnston%2C+and+James+Tenney&rft.chron=winter%E2%80%93summer&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1+%26+2&rft.pages=458-503&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Partch%27s+43-tone+scale" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPartch1974" class="citation book cs1">Partch, Harry (1974) [1947]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genesisofmusicac00partc"><i>Genesis of a Music</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80106-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80106-8"><bdi>978-0-306-80106-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis+of+a+Music&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-306-80106-8&rft.aulast=Partch&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgenesisofmusicac00partc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Partch%27s+43-tone+scale" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Harry_Partch" title="Template:Harry Partch"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Harry_Partch" title="Template talk:Harry Partch"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Harry_Partch" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Harry Partch"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Harry_Partch" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Harry Partch</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Harry_Partch" title="List of works by Harry Partch">List of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_instruments_by_Harry_Partch" class="mw-redirect" title="List of instruments by Harry Partch">List of instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_of_a_Music" title="Genesis of a Music">Genesis of a Music</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delusion_of_the_Fury" title="Delusion of the Fury">Delusion of the Fury</a></i> (1966)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tonality_diamond" title="Tonality diamond"><img alt="Partch's 11-limit tonality diamond." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Harry_Partch_instrument-Gourd_Tree.jpg/60px-Harry_Partch_instrument-Gourd_Tree.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Harry_Partch_instrument-Gourd_Tree.jpg/90px-Harry_Partch_instrument-Gourd_Tree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Harry_Partch_instrument-Gourd_Tree.jpg/120px-Harry_Partch_instrument-Gourd_Tree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2494" data-file-height="2494" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">43-tone scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrangularis_Reversum" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrangularis Reversum">Quadrangularis Reversum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otonality_and_Utonality" class="mw-redirect" title="Otonality and Utonality">Otonality and Utonality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odentity_and_Udentity" class="mw-redirect" title="Odentity and Udentity">Odentity and Udentity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonality_diamond" title="Tonality diamond">Tonality diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonality_flux" title="Tonality flux">Tonality flux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_School" title="West Coast School">West Coast School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Harry_Partch" title="Category:Harry Partch">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microtonal_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Microtonal_music" title="Template:Microtonal music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Microtonal_music" title="Template talk:Microtonal music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microtonal_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microtonal music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microtonal_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microtonality" title="Microtonality">Microtonal music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Composers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barrett_(composer)" title="Richard Barrett (composer)">Richard Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easley_Blackwood_Jr." title="Easley Blackwood Jr.">Easley Blackwood Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Bohlen" title="Heinz Bohlen">Heinz Bohlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Carrillo" title="Julián Carrillo">Julián Carrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Cox" title="Franklin Cox">Franklin Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Couper" title="Mildred Couper">Mildred Couper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eaton_(composer)" title="John Eaton (composer)">John Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Ferneyhough" title="Brian Ferneyhough">Brian Ferneyhough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Finnissy" title="Michael Finnissy">Michael Finnissy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rn_Fongaard" title="Bjørn Fongaard">Bjørn Fongaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_H%C3%A1ba" title="Alois Hába">Alois Hába</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Charles Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Johnston_(composer)" title="Ben Johnston (composer)">Ben Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stu_Mackenzie" title="Stu Mackenzie">Stu Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claus-Steffen_Mahnkopf" title="Claus-Steffen Mahnkopf">Claus-Steffen Mahnkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Mandelbaum" title="Joel Mandelbaum">Joel Mandelbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Maneri" title="Joe Maneri">Joe Maneri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Redgate" title="Roger Redgate">Roger Redgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schneider_(guitarist)" title="John Schneider (guitarist)">John Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevish" title="Sevish">Sevish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Sims" title="Ezra Sims">Ezra Sims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Vicentino" title="Nicola Vicentino">Nicola Vicentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Vivier" title="Claude Vivier">Claude Vivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Walker_(composer)" title="Elaine Walker (composer)">Elaine Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Wyschnegradsky" title="Ivan Wyschnegradsky">Ivan Wyschnegradsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Monte_Young" title="La Monte Young">La Monte Young</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Three_quarter_flat" title="Three quarter flat"><img alt="Three quarter flat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Three_quarter_flat.svg/55px-Three_quarter_flat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Three_quarter_flat.svg/83px-Three_quarter_flat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Three_quarter_flat.svg/110px-Three_quarter_flat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Three-quarter_sharp" title="Three-quarter sharp"><img alt="Three-quarter sharp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Three-quarter_sharp.svg/40px-Three-quarter_sharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Three-quarter_sharp.svg/60px-Three-quarter_sharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Three-quarter_sharp.svg/80px-Three-quarter_sharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inventors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Branca" title="Glenn Branca">Glenn Branca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Carlos" title="Wendy Carlos">Wendy Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Darreg" title="Ivor Darreg">Ivor Darreg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriaan_Fokker" title="Adriaan Fokker">Adriaan Fokker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Harrison" title="Lou Harrison">Lou Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Landman" title="Yuri Landman">Yuri Landman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Harry Partch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui_St._George_Tucker" title="Tui St. George Tucker">Tui St. George Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Vicentino" title="Nicola Vicentino">Nicola Vicentino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunings and<br />scales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-octave-repeating_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-octave-repeating scale">Non-octave-<br />repeating scales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_scale" title="Alpha scale">Alpha scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_scale" title="Beta scale">Beta scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_scale" title="Gamma scale">Gamma scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_scale" title="Delta scale">Delta scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohlen%E2%80%93Pierce_scale" title="Bohlen–Pierce scale">Lambda scale</a> (Bohlen–Pierce scale)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Equal_temperament" title="Equal temperament">Equal temperament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15_equal_temperament" title="15 equal temperament">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_equal_temperament" title="17 equal temperament">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_equal_temperament" title="19 equal temperament">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_equal_temperament" title="22 equal temperament">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_equal_temperament" title="23 equal temperament">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_tone" title="Quarter tone">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_equal_temperament" title="31 equal temperament">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34_equal_temperament" title="34 equal temperament">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41_equal_temperament" title="41 equal temperament">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53_equal_temperament" title="53 equal temperament">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58_equal_temperament" title="58 equal temperament">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72_equal_temperament" title="72 equal temperament">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96_equal_temperament" title="96 equal temperament">96</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">Just intonation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harry Partch's 43-tone scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ward_Poole" title="Henry Ward Poole">Double diatonic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts and<br />techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limit_(music)" title="Limit (music)">Limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otonality_and_Utonality" class="mw-redirect" title="Otonality and Utonality">Otonality and Utonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semitone" title="Semitone">Semitone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonido_13" title="Sonido 13">Sonido 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenharmonic_music" title="Xenharmonic music">Xenharmonicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonality_diamond" title="Tonality diamond">Tonality diamond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups and<br />publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Microtonal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Microtonal Society">Boston Microtonal Society</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_of_a_Music" title="Genesis of a Music">Genesis of a Music</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huygens-Fokker_Foundation" title="Huygens-Fokker Foundation">Huygens-Fokker Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beauty_in_the_Beast" title="Beauty in the Beast">Beauty in the Beast</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_quarter_tone_pieces" title="List of quarter tone pieces">quarter tone pieces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_in_just_intonation" title="List of compositions in just intonation">just pieces</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_(opera)" title="Mother (opera)">Mother</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonata_for_Microtonal_Piano_(Ben_Johnston)" title="Sonata for Microtonal Piano (Ben Johnston)">Sonata for Microtonal Piano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suite_for_Microtonal_Piano" title="Suite for Microtonal Piano">Suite for Microtonal Piano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Microtonal_Etudes_for_Electronic_Music_Media" title="Twelve Microtonal Etudes for Electronic Music Media">Twelve Microtonal Etudes for Electronic Music Media</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Microtonal_Banana" title="Flying Microtonal Banana">Flying Microtonal Banana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/K.G._(album)" title="K.G. (album)">K.G.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L.W._(album)" title="L.W. (album)">L.W.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enharmonic_keyboard" title="Enharmonic keyboard">Enharmonic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalized_keyboard" title="Generalized keyboard">Generalized keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Modernism (music)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_tunings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musical_tuning" title="Template:Musical tuning"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musical_tuning" title="Template talk:Musical tuning"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musical_tuning" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musical tuning"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_tunings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musical_tuning" title="Musical tuning">Musical tunings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cent_(music)" title="Cent (music)">Cent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millioctave" title="Millioctave">Millioctave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savart" title="Savart">Savart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interval_(music)" title="Interval (music)">Interval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interval_ratio" title="Interval ratio">Interval ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_class" title="Pitch class">Pitch class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance" title="Consonance and dissonance">Consonance and dissonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pitch_intervals" title="List of pitch intervals">List of musical intervals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intervals_in_5-limit_just_intonation" title="List of intervals in 5-limit just intonation">List of intervals in 5-limit just intonation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meantone_intervals" title="List of meantone intervals">List of meantone intervals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtonal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtonal music">Microtone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">Just intonation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euler%E2%80%93Fokker_genus" title="Euler–Fokker genus">Euler–Fokker genus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_scale" title="Harmonic scale">Harmonic scale</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harry Partch's 43-tone scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexany" title="Hexany">Hexany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limit_(music)" title="Limit (music)">Limit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five-limit_tuning" title="Five-limit tuning">5-limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-limit_tuning" title="7-limit tuning">7-limit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_in_just_intonation" title="List of compositions in just intonation">List of compositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otonality_and_Utonality" class="mw-redirect" title="Otonality and Utonality">Otonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_intense_diatonic_scale" title="Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale">Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagorean_tuning" title="Pythagorean tuning">Pythagorean tuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale_of_harmonics" title="Scale of harmonics">Scale of harmonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonality_diamond" title="Tonality diamond">Tonality diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonality_flux" title="Tonality flux">Tonality flux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musical_temperament" title="Musical temperament">Temperaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Equal_temperament" title="Equal temperament">Equal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whole-tone_scale" title="Whole-tone scale">6-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_equal_temperament" title="12 equal temperament">12-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_equal_temperament" title="15 equal temperament">15-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_equal_temperament" title="17 equal temperament">17-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_equal_temperament" title="19 equal temperament">19-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_equal_temperament" title="22 equal temperament">22-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_equal_temperament" title="23 equal temperament">23-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_tone" title="Quarter tone">24-tone</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_quarter_tone_pieces" title="List of quarter tone pieces">pieces</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_equal_temperament" title="31 equal temperament">31-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34_equal_temperament" title="34 equal temperament">34-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41_equal_temperament" title="41 equal temperament">41-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53_equal_temperament" title="53 equal temperament">53-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58_equal_temperament" title="58 equal temperament">58-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72_equal_temperament" title="72 equal temperament">72-tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96_equal_temperament" title="96 equal temperament">96-tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regular_temperament" title="Regular temperament">Linear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meantone_temperament" title="Meantone temperament">Meantone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quarter-comma_meantone" title="Quarter-comma meantone">quarter-comma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Septimal_meantone_temperament" title="Septimal meantone temperament">septimal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schismatic_temperament" title="Schismatic temperament">Schismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_temperament" class="mw-redirect" title="Miracle temperament">Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_temperament" title="Magic temperament">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_diatonic_tuning" title="Regular diatonic tuning">Regular diatonic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Irregular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Well_temperament" title="Well temperament">Well temperament</a>/<a href="/wiki/Temperament_ordinaire" title="Temperament ordinaire">Temperament ordinaire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kirnberger_temperament" title="Kirnberger temperament">Kirnberger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vallotti_temperament" title="Vallotti temperament">Vallotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werckmeister_temperament" title="Werckmeister temperament">Werckmeister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Young_temperament" title="Young temperament">Young</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional<br /> non-Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_musicology" title="Chinese musicology">Chinese musicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C3%AD-%C3%A8r-l%C7%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Shí-èr-lǜ">Shí-èr-lǜ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastgah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dastgah">Dastgah</a></li> <li>Maqam <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_maqam" title="Arabic maqam">Arabic maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_makam" title="Turkish makam">Turkish makam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">Mugham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqam" title="Muqam">Muqam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octoechos" title="Octoechos">Octoechos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelog" title="Pelog">Pelog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">Raga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carnatic_raga" title="Carnatic raga">Carnatic raga</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slendro" title="Slendro">Slendro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachord" title="Tetrachord">Tetrachord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-octave</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/833_cents_scale" title="833 cents scale">833 cents scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A12_scale" title="A12 scale">A12 scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_scale" title="Alpha scale">Alpha scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_scale" title="Beta scale">Beta scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_scale" title="Gamma scale">Gamma scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_scale" title="Delta scale">Delta scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohlen%E2%80%93Pierce_scale" title="Bohlen–Pierce scale">Lambda scale</a> (Bohlen–Pierce)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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