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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Historical development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Post-war development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Campus</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Campus subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buildings_and_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings_and_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Buildings and sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buildings_and_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planned_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planned_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Planned expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planned_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation_and_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation_and_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organisation and governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation_and_governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisation and governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation_and_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Faculty_of_Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty_of_Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Faculty of Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty_of_Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculty_of_Engineering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty_of_Engineering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Faculty of Engineering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty_of_Engineering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculty_of_Life_Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty_of_Life_Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Faculty of Life Sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty_of_Life_Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculty_of_Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty_of_Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Faculty of Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty_of_Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculty_of_Health_Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty_of_Health_Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Faculty of Health Sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty_of_Health_Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculty_of_Social_Sciences_and_Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculty_of_Social_Sciences_and_Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Faculty of Social Sciences and Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculty_of_Social_Sciences_and_Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_dress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_dress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Academic dress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_dress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logo_and_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logo_and_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Logo and arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logo_and_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Academics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Academics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Admissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Admissions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings_and_reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Rankings and reputation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Degrees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publishing_and_commercial_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publishing_and_commercial_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Publishing and commercial activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publishing_and_commercial_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publishing and commercial activities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Publishing_and_commercial_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bristol_University_Press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bristol_University_Press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bristol University Press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bristol_University_Press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bristol_is_Open" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bristol_is_Open"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bristol is Open</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bristol_is_Open-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Student life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Student life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Students'_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Students'_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Students' Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Students'_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halls_of_residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halls_of_residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Halls of residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halls_of_residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academics_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Academics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Bristol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84" title="جامعة برستل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة برستل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Universiteti" title="Bristol Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bristol Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بریستول بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بریستول بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="ব্রিস্টল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রিস্টল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Брыстальскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брыстальскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_de_Bristol" title="Universitat de Bristol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat de Bristol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="University of Bristol" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristolsk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Bristolská univerzita – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bristolská univerzita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifysgol_Bryste" title="Prifysgol Bryste – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prifysgol Bryste" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="University of Bristol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristoli_%C3%9Clikool" title="Bristoli Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bristoli Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB" title="Πανεπιστήμιο του Μπρίστολ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο του Μπρίστολ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Br%C3%ADstol" title="Universidad de Brístol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Brístol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Bristolo" title="Universitato de Bristolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Bristolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristolgo_Unibertsitatea" title="Bristolgo Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bristolgo Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84" title="دانشگاه بریستول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه بریستول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Bristol" title="Université de Bristol – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université de Bristol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%80_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="브리스틀 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브리스틀 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բրիստոլի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրիստոլի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Bristol" title="Universitas Bristol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Bristol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Bristol" title="Università di Bristol – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università di Bristol" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C" title="אוניברסיטת בריסטול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת בריסטול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ბრისტოლის უნივერსიტეტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრისტოლის უნივერსიტეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Бристоль университеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бристоль университеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Bristoliensis" title="Universitas Bristoliensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Bristoliensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84" title="جامعة بريستول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة بريستول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Bristol" title="Universiti Bristol – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Universiti Bristol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%98%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Бристолийн Их сургууль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бристолийн Их сургууль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Bristol" title="Universiteit van Bristol – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Bristol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="ブリストル大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブリストル大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_universiteti" title="Bristol universiteti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bristol universiteti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਬ੍ਰਿਸਟਲ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬ੍ਰਿਸਟਲ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%84" title="یونیورسٹی آف برسٹل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یونیورسٹی آف برسٹل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_Bristolski" title="Uniwersytet Bristolski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet Bristolski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Bristol" title="Universidade de Bristol – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Bristol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_din_Bristol" title="Universitatea din Bristol – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea din Bristol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Бристольский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бристольский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="University of Bristol" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Универзитет у Бристолу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет у Бристолу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Bristolu" title="Univerzitet u Bristolu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Univerzitet u Bristolu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristolin_yliopisto" title="Bristolin yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bristolin yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Bristol" title="Universitetet i Bristol – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Universitetet i Bristol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Bristol" title="Unibersidad ng Bristol – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Bristol" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="యూనివర్సిటీ అఫ్ బ్రిస్టల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యూనివర్సిటీ అఫ్ బ్రిస్టల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="มหาวิทยาลัยบริสตอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยบริสตอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Донишгоҳи Бристол – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Донишгоҳи Бристол" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Bristol Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bristol Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Бристольський університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бристольський університет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%84" title="جامعہ برسٹل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جامعہ برسٹل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A6%DB%87%D9%86%D9%89%DB%8B%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%89" title="برىستول ئۇنىۋېرستېتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="برىستول ئۇنىۋېرستېتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Bristol" title="Đại học Bristol – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Bristol" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E4%BB%99%E6%A1%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="碧仙桃大學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碧仙桃大學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="布里斯托尔大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="布里斯托尔大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersit%C3%A8t_Bristol" title="Uniwersitèt Bristol – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Uniwersitèt Bristol" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q459506#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Bristol&params=51_27_23_N_02_36_16_W_type:edu_region:GB-BST"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°27′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°36′16″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.45639°N 2.60444°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.45639; -2.60444</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Research university located in Bristol, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bristol University" redirects here. For the university in Anaheim, California, see <a href="/wiki/Bristol_University_(California)" title="Bristol University (California)">Bristol University (California)</a>. For the university in Bristol, Tennessee, see <a href="/wiki/Bristol_University_(Tennessee)" title="Bristol University (Tennessee)">Bristol University (Tennessee)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Bristol</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_of_the_University_of_Bristol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shield_of_the_University_of_Bristol.svg/150px-Shield_of_the_University_of_Bristol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shield_of_the_University_of_Bristol.svg/225px-Shield_of_the_University_of_Bristol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shield_of_the_University_of_Bristol.svg/300px-Shield_of_the_University_of_Bristol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2053" data-file-height="2399" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Vim promovet insitam</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">[Learning] promotes one's innate power (from <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <i>Ode 4.4</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-arms_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arms-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Red_brick_university" title="Red brick university">red brick</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1595 – Merchant Venturers School<br />1876 – <a href="/wiki/University_College,_Bristol" title="University College, Bristol">University College, Bristol</a><br />1909 – received <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">£86.1 million (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Bristol_Financial_Statement_22/23_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bristol_Financial_Statement_22/23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">£902.2 million (2022/23)<sup id="cite_ref-Bristol_Financial_Statement_22/23_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bristol_Financial_Statement_22/23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Sir Paul Nurse</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bristolwebsitechancellor_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bristolwebsitechancellor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor">Vice-Chancellor</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Welch" title="Evelyn Welch">Evelyn Welch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Visitor</th><td class="infobox-data">Rt Hon. <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Powell" title="Lucy Powell">Lucy Powell</a> MP<br />(as <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">ex officio</a></i>) <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,675 (2022/23)<sup id="cite_ref-HESAStaff_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HESAStaff-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,010 (2022/23)<sup id="cite_ref-HESAStaff_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HESAStaff-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">32,100 (2022/23)<sup id="cite_ref-HESAStudents_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HESAStudents-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">23,470 (2022/23)<sup id="cite_ref-HESAStudents_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HESAStudents-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,635 (2022/23)<sup id="cite_ref-HESAStudents_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HESAStudents-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">England</div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Bristol&params=51_27_23_N_02_36_16_W_type:edu_region:GB-BST"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°27′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°36′16″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.45639°N 2.60444°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.45639; -2.60444</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Urban</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students' Union</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Bristol Union">University of Bristol Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colours</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b01c2e; color:white;"> </span> Pantone 187<sup id="cite_ref-vis-ident_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vis-ident-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">ACU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">Coimbra Group</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">EUA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/GW4" title="GW4">GW4</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Partnership_of_a_European_Group_of_Aeronautics_and_Space_Universities" title="Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space Universities">PEGASUS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SETsquared" title="SETsquared">SETsquared</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutton 13">Sutton 13</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_UK" title="Universities UK">Universities UK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Universities_Network" title="Worldwide Universities Network">WUN</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bristol.ac.uk">bristol<wbr />.ac<wbr />.uk</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459506#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Bristol_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d5/University_of_Bristol_logo.svg/200px-University_of_Bristol_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d5/University_of_Bristol_logo.svg/300px-University_of_Bristol_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d5/University_of_Bristol_logo.svg/400px-University_of_Bristol_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="97" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>University of Bristol</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Red_brick_university" title="Red brick university">red brick</a> <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-BristolwebsiteMap_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BristolwebsiteMap-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It received its <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> in 1909,<sup id="cite_ref-Bristolwebsite_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bristolwebsite-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it can trace its roots to a <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Merchant_Venturers" title="Society of Merchant Venturers">Merchant Venturers</a>' school founded in 1595 and <a href="/wiki/University_College,_Bristol" title="University College, Bristol">University College, Bristol</a>, which had been in existence since 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BristolUniversityHistory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Medical_School" title="Bristol Medical School">Bristol Medical School</a>, founded in 1833, was merged with the University College in 1893, and later became the university's school of medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> is organised into <a href="#Academic_structure">six academic faculties</a> composed of multiple schools and departments running over 200 undergraduate courses, largely in the <a href="/wiki/Tyndalls_Park" title="Tyndalls Park">Tyndalls Park</a> area of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a total income of £902.2 million in 2022–23, of which £203.3 million was from research grants and contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-Bristol_Financial_Statement_22/23_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bristol_Financial_Statement_22/23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the largest independent employer in Bristol.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Current academics include 23 fellows of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Medical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Medical Sciences">Academy of Medical Sciences</a>, 13 fellows of the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a>, 43 fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences,<sup id="cite_ref-acss.org.uk_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acss.org.uk-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 13 fellows of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Royal Academy of Engineering">Royal Academy of Engineering</a> and 48 fellows of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The University of Bristol's alumni and faculty include 13 Nobel laureates.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bristol is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a> of research-intensive British universities,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the European-wide <a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">Coimbra Group</a><sup id="cite_ref-CoimbraGroup_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoimbraGroup-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Universities_Network" title="Worldwide Universities Network">Worldwide Universities Network</a>, of which the university's previous vice-chancellor, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Thomas_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Thomas (academic)">Eric Thomas</a>, was chairman from 2005 to 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-WUN_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WUN-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the university holds an <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Programme" title="Erasmus Programme">Erasmus Charter</a>, sending more than 500 students per year to partner institutions in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has an average of 6.4 (Sciences faculty) to 13.1 (Medicine & Dentistry Faculty) applicants for each undergraduate place.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_University_of_Bristol" title="History of the University of Bristol">History of the University of Bristol</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest antecedent of the university was the engineering department of the <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Venturers%27_Technical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant Venturers' Technical College">Merchant Venturers' Technical College</a> (founded as a school as early as 1595) which became the engineering faculty of Bristol University.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university was also preceded by <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Medical_School" title="Bristol Medical School">Bristol Medical School</a> (1833) and <a href="/wiki/University_College,_Bristol" title="University College, Bristol">University College, Bristol</a>, founded in 1876,<sup id="cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BristolUniversityHistory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where its first lecture was attended by only 99 students.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university was able to apply for a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> due to the financial support of the <a href="/wiki/W._D._%26_H._O._Wills" class="mw-redirect" title="W. D. & H. O. Wills">Wills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Fry" title="Lewis Fry">Fry</a> families, who made their fortunes in tobacco plantations and chocolate respectively (while there was no funding from <a href="/wiki/Edward_Colston" title="Edward Colston">Edward Colston</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2018 study commissioned by the university estimated 85% of the philanthropic funds used for the institution's foundation "depended on the labour of enslaved people".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The royal charter was gained in May 1909, with 288 undergraduates and 400 other students entering the university in October 1909. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Overton_Wills_III" title="Henry Overton Wills III">Henry Overton Wills III</a> became its first chancellor.<sup id="cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BristolUniversityHistory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The University College was the first such institution in the country to <a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_education" title="Mixed-sex education">admit women on the same basis as men</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BristolUniversityHistory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, women were forbidden to take examinations in medicine until 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-archives-hub_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archives-hub-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_development">Historical development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#ffffoo; color:black; width:23em; max-width: 25%;" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left;"> <p>There shall be from henceforth for ever in Our said City of Bristol a University... </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom">King Edward VII</a>, Charter of Incorporation of the University of Bristol, 4 December 1909<sup id="cite_ref-charter_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since the founding of the university itself in 1909, it has grown considerably and is now one of the largest employers in the local area, although it is smaller by student numbers than the nearby <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_England" title="University of the West of England">University of the West of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HESA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HESA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a> of research-led UK universities, the <a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">Coimbra Group</a> of leading European universities and the <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Universities_Network" title="Worldwide Universities Network">Worldwide Universities Network</a> (WUN). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_years">Early years</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg/220px-University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg/330px-University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg/440px-University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2568" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wills_Memorial_Building" title="Wills Memorial Building">Wills Memorial Building</a> (Schools of Law and Earth Sciences) on <a href="/wiki/Park_Street,_Bristol" title="Park Street, Bristol">Park Street, Bristol</a>. The tower was cleaned in 2006–2007.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>After the founding of the university college in 1876, government support began in 1889. Funding from mergers with the Bristol Medical School in 1893 and the Merchant Venturers' Technical College in 1909,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowed the opening of a new medical school and an engineering school — two subjects that remain among the university's greatest strengths. In 1908, gifts from the Fry and Wills families, particularly £100,000 from <a href="/wiki/Henry_Overton_Wills_III" title="Henry Overton Wills III">Henry Overton Wills III</a> (£6m in today's money), were provided to endow a university for Bristol and the West of England, provided that a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> could be obtained within two years. In December 1909, the king granted such a charter and erected the University of Bristol.<sup id="cite_ref-charter_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry Wills became its first <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">chancellor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conwy_Lloyd_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conwy Lloyd Morgan">Conwy Lloyd Morgan</a> the first vice-chancellor.<sup id="cite_ref-past-officers_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-past-officers-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wills died in 1911 and in tribute his sons <a href="/wiki/George_Alfred_Wills" title="George Alfred Wills">George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Wills" title="Henry Herbert Wills">Harry</a> built the <a href="/wiki/Wills_Memorial_Building" title="Wills Memorial Building">Wills Memorial Building</a>, starting in 1913 and finally finishing in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, it houses parts of the academic provision for <a href="/wiki/Earth_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth sciences">earth sciences</a> and law, and graduation ceremonies are held in its Great Hall. The Wills Memorial Building is a Grade II* listed building.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920, George Wills bought the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Rooms_(Bristol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Rooms (Bristol)">Victoria Rooms</a> and endowed them to the university as a <a href="/wiki/Students%27_union" title="Students' union">students' union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BristolUniversityHistory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building now houses the Department of Music and is a Grade II* listed building.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King%27s_College_London_Students_Evacuated_To_Bristol,_England,_1940_D433.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/King%27s_College_London_Students_Evacuated_To_Bristol%2C_England%2C_1940_D433.jpg/220px-King%27s_College_London_Students_Evacuated_To_Bristol%2C_England%2C_1940_D433.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/King%27s_College_London_Students_Evacuated_To_Bristol%2C_England%2C_1940_D433.jpg/330px-King%27s_College_London_Students_Evacuated_To_Bristol%2C_England%2C_1940_D433.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/King%27s_College_London_Students_Evacuated_To_Bristol%2C_England%2C_1940_D433.jpg/440px-King%27s_College_London_Students_Evacuated_To_Bristol%2C_England%2C_1940_D433.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Evacuated <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> students at the University of Bristol in 1940</figcaption></figure> <p>At the point of foundation, the university was required to provide for the local community. This mission was behind the creation of the Department of Extra-Mural Adult Education in 1924 to provide courses to the local community. This mission continues today; a new admissions policy specifically caters to the "BS" <a href="/wiki/UK_postcodes" class="mw-redirect" title="UK postcodes">postcode</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-admit-policy_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admit-policy-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the famous names associated with Bristol in this early period is <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>, who graduated in 1921 with a degree in engineering, before obtaining a second degree in mathematics in 1923 from Cambridge. For his subsequent pioneering work on quantum mechanics, he was awarded the 1933 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the 1920s, the H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory was opened by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has since housed several Nobel Prize winners: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Cecil Frank Powell</a> (1950);<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Albrecht_Bethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Albrecht Bethe">Hans Albrecht Bethe</a> (1967);<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a> (1977).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The laboratory stands on the same site today, close to the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Grammar_School" title="Bristol Grammar School">Bristol Grammar School</a> and the city museum. </p><p>Sir <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> became the university's third chancellor in 1929, serving the university in that capacity until 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BristolUniversityHistory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He succeeded <a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Richard Haldane</a> who had held the office from 1912 following the death of Henry Wills.<sup id="cite_ref-archives-hub_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archives-hub-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-past-officers_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-past-officers-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During World War II, the Wills Memorial was bombed, destroying the Great Hall and the organ it housed,<sup id="cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BristolUniversityHistory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with 7,000 books removed from <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> for safe keeping. It has since been restored, complete with oak panelled walls and a new organ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-war_development">Post-war development</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-war development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1946, the university established the first drama department in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BristolUniversityHistory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, Bristol began offering special entrance <a href="/wiki/Exam" title="Exam">exams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grant_(money)" title="Grant (money)">grants</a> to aid the resettlement of servicemen returning home. Student numbers continued to increase, and the Faculty of Engineering eventually needed the new premises that were to become Queen's Building in 1955. This substantial building housed all of the university's engineers until 1996, when the <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Computer_Science,_University_of_Bristol" title="Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol">computer science</a> departments moved over the road into the new Merchant Venturers' Building to make space for these rapidly expanding fields. Today, Queen's Building caters for most of the teaching needs of the faculty and provides academic space for the "heavy" engineering subjects (<a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">aerospace</a>). </p><p>With unprecedented growth in the 1960s, particularly in undergraduate numbers, the Students' Union eventually acquired larger premises in a new building in the <a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Bristol" title="Clifton, Bristol">Clifton</a> area of the city, in 1965. This building was more spacious than the Victoria Rooms, which were now given over to the Department of Music. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Bristol Union">University of Bristol Union</a> provides many practice and performance rooms, some specialist rooms, as well as three bars: Bar 100, the Mandela (also known as AR2) and the Avon Gorge. Whilst spacious, the Union building is thought by many to be ugly<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and out of character compared to the architecture of the rest of the Clifton area, having been mentioned in a <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> poll to find the worst architectural eyesores in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university has proposed relocating the Union to a more central location as part of its development 'masterplan'.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, plans for redevelopment of the current building have been proposed.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1960s were a time of considerable student activism in the United Kingdom, and Bristol was no exception. In 1968, many students marched in support of the <a href="/wiki/Anderson_Report_(British_Education)" title="Anderson Report (British Education)">Anderson Report</a>, which called for higher student grants. This discontent culminated in an 11-day sit-in at the Senate House (the administrative headquarters of the university).<sup id="cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BristolUniversityHistory-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of chancellors and vice-chancellors led the university through these decades, with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Somerset,_10th_Duke_of_Beaufort" title="Henry Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort">Henry Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort</a> taking over from Churchill as chancellor in 1965 before being succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a> in 1970 who spent the next 18 years in the office.<sup id="cite_ref-past-officers_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-past-officers-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the age of mass higher education dawned, Bristol continued to build its student numbers. The various undergraduate residences were repeatedly expanded and, more recently, some postgraduate residences have been constructed. These more recent ventures have been funded (and are run) by external companies in agreement with the university. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Rooms_(750px).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Victoria_Rooms_%28750px%29.jpg/220px-Victoria_Rooms_%28750px%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Victoria_Rooms_%28750px%29.jpg/330px-Victoria_Rooms_%28750px%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Victoria_Rooms_%28750px%29.jpg/440px-Victoria_Rooms_%28750px%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption>The Victoria Rooms, housing the School of Music</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the few <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Deaf_Studies,_Bristol" title="Centre for Deaf Studies, Bristol">centres for deaf studies</a> in the United Kingdom was established in Bristol in 1981, followed in 1988 by the Norah Fry Centre for research into learning difficulties. Also in 1988, and again in 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Students' Union AGM voted to disaffiliate from the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Union of Students (United Kingdom)">National Union of Students</a> (NUS). On both occasions, however, the subsequent referendum of all students reversed that decision and Bristol remains affiliated to the NUS. </p><p>In 1988, Sir <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Morse" title="Jeremy Morse">Jeremy Morse</a>, then chairman of <a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Bank_(historic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyds Bank (historic)">Lloyds Bank</a>, became chancellor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the number of postgraduate students has grown (particularly the numbers pursuing taught master's degrees), there eventually became a need for separate representation on university bodies and the Postgraduate Union (PGU) was established in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Universities are increasingly expected to exploit the intellectual property generated by their research activities and, in 2000, Bristol established the Research and Enterprise Division (RED) to further this cause (particularly for technology-based businesses). In 2001, the university signed a 25-year research funding deal with IP2IPO, an intellectual property commercialisation company.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, research activities were expanded further with the opening of the Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science (ACCIS) and The Bristol Institute for Public Affairs (BIPA). </p><p>In 2002, the university was involved in an argument over press intrusion after details of then-prime minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>'s son's application to university were published in national newspapers. In the same year, the university opened the new Centre for Sports, Exercise and Health in the heart of the university precinct.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a cost, local residents are also able to use the facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_University_from_Cabot_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bristol_University_from_Cabot_Tower.jpg/220px-Bristol_University_from_Cabot_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bristol_University_from_Cabot_Tower.jpg/330px-Bristol_University_from_Cabot_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bristol_University_from_Cabot_Tower.jpg/440px-Bristol_University_from_Cabot_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>Most of the buildings here are used by the university. The <a href="/wiki/Wills_Memorial_Building" title="Wills Memorial Building">Wills Memorial Building</a> is left of centre. Viewed from the <a href="/wiki/Cabot_Tower_(Bristol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabot Tower (Bristol)">Cabot Tower</a> on Brandon Hill</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Hale,_Baroness_Hale_of_Richmond" title="Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond">Brenda Hale</a>, the first female <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Appeal_in_Ordinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of Appeal in Ordinary">Law Lord</a>, became chancellor of the university in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-archives-hub_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archives-hub-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-past-officers_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-past-officers-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Sir Paul Nurse</a> succeeded Lady Hale as chancellor on 1 January 2017. </p><p>Expansion of teaching and research activities continues. In 2004, the Faculty of Engineering completed work on the Bristol Laboratory for Advanced Dynamics Engineering (BLADE). This £18.5m project<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is intended to further the study of dynamics and is the most advanced such facility in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built as an extension to the Queen's Building and was officially opened by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">Queen Elizabeth II</a> in March 2005. </p><p>In January 2005, the School of Chemistry was awarded £4.5m by the <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_England" title="Higher Education Funding Council for England">Higher Education Funding Council for England</a> to create Bristol ChemLabS: a Centre for Excellence in Teaching & Learning (CETL),<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an additional £350k announced for the capital part of the project in February 2006. Bristol ChemLabS stands for Bristol Chemical Laboratory Sciences; it is the only chemistry CETL in the UK. </p><p>September 2009 saw the opening of the university's <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Nanoscience_and_Quantum_Information" title="Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information">Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information</a>. This £11 million building is known as the quietest building in the world<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and has other technologically sophisticated features such as self-cleaning glass. Advanced research into quantum computing, nanotechnology, materials and other disciplines are being undertaken in the building.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also a plan to significantly redevelop the centre of the University Precinct in the coming years.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first step began in September 2011, with the start of construction of a state-of-the-art Life Sciences building.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018 while building work was underway in the <a href="/wiki/Fry_Building" title="Fry Building">Fry Building</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the building caught fire.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018 the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Students%27_Union" title="University of Bristol Students' Union">University of Bristol Students' Union</a> (Bristol SU) adopted a motion that banned <a href="/wiki/TERF" class="mw-redirect" title="TERF">trans-exclusionary radical feminists</a> (TERFs) from appearing as speakers at Bristol SU events and that called upon the university to adopt the same policy. The motion said the TERF ban was necessary because TERF activity on the university campus "put[s] trans students' safety at risk ... in direct violation of the aims outlined in the Code of Conduct".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 March 2019, the University received a complaint regarding a lecture about <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a> given by Professor of Political Sociology <a href="/wiki/David_Miller_(sociologist)" title="David Miller (sociologist)">David Miller</a>, made by the <a href="/wiki/Community_Security_Trust" title="Community Security Trust">Community Security Trust</a>, a third-party. Soon after, further complaints were made by two students, who had not attended the lecture. A long and very complex complaints, appeals, two barrister investigations, a university Board of Trustees decision, and disciplinary hearing process followed.<sup id="cite_ref-et-20240205_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et-20240205-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately this led to Miller's dismissal in October 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-TJC20211001_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TJC20211001-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller pursued an <a href="/wiki/Employment_tribunal" title="Employment tribunal">employment tribunal</a> claim. On 5 February 2024, in an 108 page judgement the tribunal ruled in favour of Miller, based in part on a landmark ruling that "anti-Zionist beliefs qualified as a philosophical belief and as a protected characteristic pursuant to section 10 Equality Act 2010".<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20240206_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20240206-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-et-20240205_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et-20240205-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="RaquelRosarioSánchez"></span> In 2021, Raquel Rosario-Sánchez, a <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican</a> graduate student at Bristol who had attended meetings of feminist groups that opposed allowing trans women into female-only spaces, filed a civil action against Bristol University;<sup id="cite_ref-Correspondent_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Correspondent-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rosario-Sánchez alleges that she was the victim of a campaign of bullying and abuse against her by other members of the university, and that the university failed to protect her because it was afraid of upsetting trans-rights activists.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Correspondent_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Correspondent-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case went to trial in February 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The judgment was delivered in April 2022. The judge acknowledged that she had been subject to threats of violence, but dismissed all her claims, saying that there had been no actionable breach of duty by the university. He said that his ruling focused on how the university managed her complaints rather than any judgment about gender rights.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2023, following its previous disciplinary action against Rosario-Sánchez and the Women Talk Back group, it emerged that the Bristol Students Union has agreed out-of-court that "affiliated clubs and societies may lawfully offer single-sex services and be constituted as single-sex associations".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024 the university revised their emblem, removing the dolphin emblem because of its connection to the slave-trader Edward Colston and adding an image of moving pages and a bookmark.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QEH_Prize_Day_2004.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/QEH_Prize_Day_2004.JPG/200px-QEH_Prize_Day_2004.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/QEH_Prize_Day_2004.JPG/300px-QEH_Prize_Day_2004.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/QEH_Prize_Day_2004.JPG/400px-QEH_Prize_Day_2004.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The Great Hall of the <a href="/wiki/Wills_Memorial_Building" title="Wills Memorial Building">Wills Memorial Building</a>, here used for an award ceremony for the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth%27s_Hospital" title="Queen Elizabeth's Hospital">Queen Elizabeth's Hospital</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buildings_and_sites">Buildings and sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Buildings and sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The university does not have a main campus but is spread over a considerable geographic area. Most of its activities, however, are concentrated in the area of the city centre, referred to as the "University Precinct". </p><p>Some of the University of Bristol's buildings date to its pre-charter days when it was <a href="/wiki/University_College_Bristol" class="mw-redirect" title="University College Bristol">University College Bristol</a>. These buildings were designed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hansom" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Hansom">Charles Hansom</a>, and suffered being built in stages due to financial pressure. The first large scale building project the University of Bristol undertook on gaining a charter was the <a href="/wiki/Wills_Memorial_Building" title="Wills Memorial Building">Wills Memorial Building</a>. The armorials on the Founder's Window represent all of the interests present at the founding of the University of Bristol including the Wills and Fry families. Other notable buildings and sites include <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fort_House" title="Royal Fort House">Royal Fort House</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Botanic_Garden" title="University of Bristol Botanic Garden">University of Bristol Botanic Garden</a>, many large Victorian houses which were converted for teaching in the Faculty of Arts,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/The_Victoria_Rooms" class="mw-redirect" title="The Victoria Rooms">the Victoria Rooms</a> which house the Music Department and were designed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dyer_(architect)" title="Charles Dyer (architect)">Charles Dyer</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Tympanum_(architecture)" title="Tympanum (architecture)">tympanum</a> of the building depicts a scene from <i>The Advent of Morning</i> designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabez_Tyley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabez Tyley (page does not exist)">Jabez Tyley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Goldney_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldney gardens">Goldney gardens</a> entered the property of the University of Bristol through <a href="/wiki/George_Alfred_Wills" title="George Alfred Wills">George Wills</a> who had hoped to build an all-male hall of residence there. This was prevented due to the moral objection of the then warden of Clifton Hill House who objected to the idea of male and female residences being in such close proximity. University records show that Miss Starvey was prepared to resign over the issue and that she had the support of the then Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Conwy_Lloyd_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conwy Lloyd Morgan">Conwy Lloyd Morgan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually land was purchased in <a href="/wiki/Stoke_Bishop" title="Stoke Bishop">Stoke Bishop</a>, allowing the building of what has been described as a "quasi-<a href="/wiki/Oxbridge" title="Oxbridge">Oxbridge</a>" hall, <a href="/wiki/Wills_Hall" title="Wills Hall">Wills Hall</a>, to which was added the Dame Monica Wills Chapel by George Wills' widow after his death. When Goldney did become student accommodation in 1956, the flats were designed by Michael Grice who received an award from the Civic Trust for their design.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goldney2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Goldney2.jpg/200px-Goldney2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Goldney2.jpg/300px-Goldney2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Goldney2.jpg/400px-Goldney2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>The Gardens of Goldney Hall were acquired by the Wills family</figcaption></figure><p>Burwalls, a mansion house on the other side of the <a href="/wiki/Avon_Gorge" title="Avon Gorge">Avon Gorge</a>, was used as a halls of residence in the past and was a home of <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Oatley" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir George Oatley">Sir George Oatley</a>. The building is now used to house the Centre for Continuing Education.<sup id="cite_ref-burwalls_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burwalls-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the more modern buildings, including Senate House and the newer parts of the HH Wills Physics Laboratory, were designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Brentnall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Brentnall (page does not exist)">Ralph Brentnall</a> using funds from the University Grants Committee. He is also responsible for the extension to the Wills Memorial Building library which was completed to such standard that few now realise that is an extension to the original building.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2022, the university announced the opening of the Gambling Harms and Research Centre (GHRC). The centre worth £4 million aims to increase awareness and understanding of the dangers of gambling. The project was funded by the GambleAware charity, which chose the university for its history in researching gambling issues, and will integrate research from six facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planned_expansion">Planned expansion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Planned expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2016, the university announced that it plans to build a £300 million Temple Quarter Campus for c. 5,000 students, next to <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Temple_Meads_railway_station" title="Bristol Temple Meads railway station">Bristol Temple Meads railway station</a> within <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Temple_Quarter_Enterprise_Zone" title="Bristol Temple Quarter Enterprise Zone">Bristol Temple Quarter Enterprise Zone</a>. The new campus, which will include a <a href="/wiki/Business_school" title="Business school">business school</a>, digital research facilities and a student village, is expected to open in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the existing campus, there are plans to remodel Tyndall Avenue, pedestrianise the surrounding area and build a new library and resource hub.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation_and_governance">Organisation and governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organisation and governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Governance_of_the_University_of_Bristol" title="Governance of the University of Bristol">Governance of the University of Bristol</a></div> <p>In common with most UK universities, Bristol is headed formally by the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">chancellor</a>, currently <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Sir Paul Nurse</a> and led on a day-to-day basis by the <a href="/wiki/Vice-chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-chancellor">vice-chancellor</a>, currently Professor Evelyn Welch, who is the academic leader and chief executive. There are four pro vice-chancellors and three ceremonial pro-chancellors.<sup id="cite_ref-gov_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chancellor may hold office for up to ten years and the pro-chancellors for up to three, unless the University Court determines otherwise,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the vice-chancellor and pro-vice-chancellors have no term limits.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vice-chancellor is supported by a deputy vice-chancellor. </p><p>Responsibility for running the university is held at an executive level by the vice-chancellor, but the council is the only body that can recommend changes to the university's statutes and charter,<sup id="cite_ref-council_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-council-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the exception of academic ordinances. These can only be made with the consent of the senate, the chief academic body in the university which also holds responsibility for teaching and learning, examinations and research and enterprise.<sup id="cite_ref-council_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-council-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chancellor and pro chancellors are nominated by council and appointed formally by court, whose additional powers are now limited to these appointments and a few others, including some lay members of council.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, Convocation, the body of all staff, ceremonial officers and graduates of the university, returns 100 members to court and one member to council,<sup id="cite_ref-gov_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is otherwise principally a forum for discussion and to ensure graduates stay in touch with the university. </p><p>The university is made up of a number of schools and departments organised into six faculties:<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wills_memorial_library.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Wills_memorial_library.JPG/220px-Wills_memorial_library.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Wills_memorial_library.JPG/330px-Wills_memorial_library.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Wills_memorial_library.JPG/440px-Wills_memorial_library.JPG 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The Wills Memorial Library of Law and Earth Sciences</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty_of_Arts">Faculty of Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Faculty of Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>School of Arts <ul><li>Anthropology and Archaeology</li> <li>Film and Television</li> <li>Music</li> <li>Philosophy</li> <li>Theatre (see also the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Theatre_Collection" title="University of Bristol Theatre Collection">University of Bristol Theatre Collection</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>School of Humanities <ul><li>Classics and Ancient History</li> <li>English</li> <li>History</li> <li>History of Art</li> <li>Religion and Theology</li></ul></li> <li>School of Modern Languages <ul><li>French</li> <li>German</li> <li>Hispanic, Portuguese and Latin American Studies</li> <li>Italian</li> <li>Russian</li></ul></li> <li>Centre for English Language and Foundation Studies</li> <li>Centre for Innovation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty_of_Engineering">Faculty of Engineering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Faculty of Engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>School of Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Engineering Mathematics <ul><li>Computer Science</li> <li>Electrical & Electronic Engineering</li> <li>Engineering Mathematics</li></ul></li> <li>School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering <ul><li>Aerospace Engineering</li> <li>Civil Engineering</li> <li>Mechanical Engineering</li> <li>Engineering Design</li> <li>Engineering with Management</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UniversityofBristolEngineering.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/UniversityofBristolEngineering.JPG/220px-UniversityofBristolEngineering.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/UniversityofBristolEngineering.JPG/330px-UniversityofBristolEngineering.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/UniversityofBristolEngineering.JPG/440px-UniversityofBristolEngineering.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>Faculty of Engineering Queen's Building</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty_of_Life_Sciences">Faculty of Life Sciences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Faculty of Life Sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>School of Biological Sciences</li> <li>School of Biochemistry</li> <li>School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine</li> <li>School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience</li> <li>School of Psychological Science</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Bristol,_School_of_Chemistry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/University_of_Bristol%2C_School_of_Chemistry.jpg/220px-University_of_Bristol%2C_School_of_Chemistry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/University_of_Bristol%2C_School_of_Chemistry.jpg/330px-University_of_Bristol%2C_School_of_Chemistry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/University_of_Bristol%2C_School_of_Chemistry.jpg/440px-University_of_Bristol%2C_School_of_Chemistry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption>School of Chemistry</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty_of_Science">Faculty of Science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Faculty of Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>School of Chemistry</li> <li>School of Earth Sciences</li> <li>School of Geographical Sciences</li> <li>School of Mathematics</li> <li>School of Physics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Device_Thermography_and_Reliability" title="Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability">Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability</a></li> <li>Centre for Nanoscience & Quantum Information</li> <li>Interface Analysis Centre</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty_of_Health_Sciences">Faculty of Health Sciences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Faculty of Health Sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bristol Dental School</li> <li>Bristol Medical School <ul><li>Population Health Sciences <ul><li>Public Health</li> <li>Digital Health</li></ul></li> <li>Translational Health Sciences</li></ul></li> <li>Bristol Veterinary School</li> <li>Centre for Health Sciences Education <ul><li>Centre for Applied Anatomy</li> <li>Master's in Teaching and Learning for Health Professionals</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculty_of_Social_Sciences_and_Law">Faculty of Social Sciences and Law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Faculty of Social Sciences and Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>School of Education</li> <li>School for Policy Studies</li> <li>School of Economics</li> <li>Centre for Market and Public Organisation</li> <li>School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bristol.ac.uk/business-school/">University of Bristol Business School</a></li> <li>University of Bristol Law School</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_dress">Academic dress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Academic dress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UOB_Masters_hood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/UOB_Masters_hood.jpg/170px-UOB_Masters_hood.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/UOB_Masters_hood.jpg/255px-UOB_Masters_hood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/UOB_Masters_hood.jpg/340px-UOB_Masters_hood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>Master's hood at the University of Bristol</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Bristol" title="Academic dress of the University of Bristol">Academic dress of the University of Bristol</a></div> <p>The university specifies a mix of Cambridge and Oxford <a href="/wiki/Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">academic dress</a>. For the most part, it uses Oxford-style gowns and Cambridge-style hoods, which are required to be 'university red'<sup id="cite_ref-costume_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-costume-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see the logo at the top of the page). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logo_and_arms">Logo and arms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Logo and arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Bristol_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/University_of_Bristol_Arms.svg/170px-University_of_Bristol_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/University_of_Bristol_Arms.svg/255px-University_of_Bristol_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/University_of_Bristol_Arms.svg/340px-University_of_Bristol_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2004, the university unveiled its new logo. The icons in the logo are the sun for the Wills family, the dolphin for Colston, the horse for Fry and the ship-and-castle from the medieval seal of the City of Bristol, as also used in the coat of arms. The shape of the whole logo represents the open book of learning.<sup id="cite_ref-vis-ident_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vis-ident-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This logo has replaced the university <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">arms</a> shown, but the arms continue to be used where there is a specific historical or ceremonial requirement. The arms comprise: </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <p><i>argent on a cross quadrate gules the arms of the City of Bristol between in pale and a sun in splendour (for Wills) and an open book proper, leaved and clasped or, and inscribed with the words Nisi quia Dominus, and in fesse to the sinister a dolphin embowed (for Colston), and to the dexter a horse courant (for Fry), both of the third.</i> </p> </div> <p>The inscription on the book is the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> opening of the 124th Psalm, <i>"If the Lord Himself had not (been on our side...)"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-arms_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arms-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latin motto granted with the Arms below the shields is Vim promovet insitam, from the fourth Ode of Horace's fourth book meaning '[Learning] promotes one's innate power'.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admissions">Admissions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Admissions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="floatright"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center; margin-bottom: 5px"> <caption>UCAS Admission Statistics </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2023 </th> <th>2022 </th> <th>2021 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>2019 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Applications</b><sup id="cite_ref-mainscheme_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mainscheme-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>α<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UCASEoC23_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCASEoC23-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>61,490 </td> <td>60,075 </td> <td>58,185 </td> <td>52,385 </td> <td>52,525 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Accepted</b><sup id="cite_ref-mainscheme_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mainscheme-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>α<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UCASEoC23_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCASEoC23-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6,955 </td> <td>6,145 </td> <td>7,650 </td> <td>7,070 </td> <td>6,815 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Applications/Accepted Ratio</b><sup id="cite_ref-mainscheme_96-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mainscheme-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>α<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>8.8 </td> <td>9.8 </td> <td>7.6 </td> <td>7.4 </td> <td>7.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Offer Rate (%)</b><sup id="cite_ref-ukjune_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukjune-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>β<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-offer_rate23_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offer_rate23-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>58.0 </td> <td>52.2 </td> <td>64.6 </td> <td>71.8 </td> <td>69.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/UCAS_Tariff" title="UCAS Tariff">Average Entry Tariff</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-CUG_Entry_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CUG_Entry-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>174 </td> <td>167 </td> <td>164 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="font-size:80%;float:left"> <tbody><tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-greek"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mainscheme-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mainscheme_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mainscheme_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mainscheme_96-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Main scheme applications, International and UK</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ukjune-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ukjune_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UK domiciled applicants</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible mw-collapsible" style="font-size:85%; text-align:right;"> <caption class="nowrap">HESA Student Body Composition </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Domicile<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ethnicity<sup id="cite_ref-HESA_ethnicity_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HESA_ethnicity-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">British White</a> </td> <td align="right">57% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">57</span><div style="width:114px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:red"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_ethnicity_in_the_United_Kingdom#Collective_terms_for_minority_ethnic_groups" title="Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom">British Ethnic Minorities</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">14% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">14</span><div style="width:28px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">International EU</a> </td> <td align="right">4% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">4</span><div style="width:8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:blue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_students_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="International students in the United Kingdom">International Non-EU</a> </td> <td align="right">25% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">25</span><div style="width:50px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" data-sort-type="number">Undergraduate <a href="/wiki/Widening_participation" title="Widening participation">Widening Participation</a> Indicators<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Times23_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times23-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom#Education" title="Feminism in the United Kingdom">Female</a> </td> <td align="right">54% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">54</span><div style="width:108px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">Private School</a> </td> <td align="right">27% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">27</span><div style="width:54px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:orange"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low Participation Areas<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">7% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">7</span><div style="width:14px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:black"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Bristol had the 8th highest average entry qualification for undergraduates of any UK university in 2015, with new students averaging 485 <a href="/wiki/UCAS_Tariff" title="UCAS Tariff">UCAS points</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equivalent to just above AAAaa in <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)">A-level</a> grades. Competition for places is high with an average 7.7 applications per place according to the 2014 Sunday Times League Tables, making it the joint 11th most competitive university in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university gave offers of admission to 52.2% of its undergraduate applicants in 2022, the 17th lowest offer rate across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2017 <i>Times</i> and <i>Sunday Times</i> Good University Guide, approximately 40% of Bristol's undergraduates come from independent schools.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2016–17 academic year, the university had a domicile breakdown of 78:5:17 of UK:EU:non-EU students respectively with a female to male ratio of 55:45.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings_and_reputation">Rankings and reputation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Rankings and reputation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">Rankings</a></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">National rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Complete_University_Guide" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Complete</a></i> (2025)<sup id="cite_ref-Complete_League_Table_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Complete_League_Table-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">16</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Guardian" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Guardian</a></i> (2025)<sup id="cite_ref-The_Guardian_University_Guide_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_University_Guide-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">16</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Times/The_Sunday_Times" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Times / Sunday Times</a></i> (2025)<sup id="cite_ref-The_Times_and_Sunday_Times_University_Guide_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times_and_Sunday_Times_University_Guide-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">11</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;">Global rankings</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a></i> (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">97</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> (2025)<sup id="cite_ref-QS_World_University_Rankings_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QS_World_University_Rankings-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">54</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a></i> (2025)<sup id="cite_ref-THE_World_University_Rankings_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_World_University_Rankings-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">78</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_10_Years.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bristol_10_Years.png/260px-Bristol_10_Years.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bristol_10_Years.png/390px-Bristol_10_Years.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bristol_10_Years.png/520px-Bristol_10_Years.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>University of Bristol's <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">national league table</a> performance over the past ten years</figcaption></figure> <p>The University of Bristol ranks number 5 in the UK for research quality according to the most recent Research Excellence Framework assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chemistry (1st), Physics (5th), Engineering (6th), Mathematical sciences (4th), Computer science and informatics (7th), Earth systems and environmental sciences (2nd), Biological sciences (8th), Geography and environmental studies (1st), Law (3rd), Economics and econometrics (7th), and Modern languages and linguistics (4th) are among the highly rated subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Complete University Guide 2024 ranks Bristol 4th for the quality of its research.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bristol also ranks 5th for number of spin outs created and has the best business incubator in the world according to UBI Global.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The University of Bristol was the fourth most targeted university by the UK's top 100 employers, according to the Graduate Market in 2023 report produced by High Fliers.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was ranked joint 7th in the U.K. for graduate employability.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internationally, the 2024 <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a> placed Bristol at 55th overall in the world and 9th in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Ranking</a> placed Bristol at 76th globally and 9th in the U.K. in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another international ranking, the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a> <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a>, placed Bristol 88th globally and 8th in the UK in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geography_Department,_University_of_Bristol_-_geograph.org.uk_-_201159.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Geography_Department%2C_University_of_Bristol_-_geograph.org.uk_-_201159.jpg/170px-Geography_Department%2C_University_of_Bristol_-_geograph.org.uk_-_201159.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Geography_Department%2C_University_of_Bristol_-_geograph.org.uk_-_201159.jpg/255px-Geography_Department%2C_University_of_Bristol_-_geograph.org.uk_-_201159.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Geography_Department%2C_University_of_Bristol_-_geograph.org.uk_-_201159.jpg/340px-Geography_Department%2C_University_of_Bristol_-_geograph.org.uk_-_201159.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>School of Geographical Sciences</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Bristol_buildings.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/University_of_Bristol_buildings.JPG/220px-University_of_Bristol_buildings.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/University_of_Bristol_buildings.JPG/330px-University_of_Bristol_buildings.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/University_of_Bristol_buildings.JPG/440px-University_of_Bristol_buildings.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>Royal Fort and the Physics department</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Degrees">Degrees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Degrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bristol awards a range of <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">academic degrees</a> spanning bachelor's and master's degrees as well as junior doctorates and <a href="/wiki/Higher_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher doctorate">higher doctorates</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">postnominals</a> awarded are the <a href="/wiki/British_degree_abbreviations" title="British degree abbreviations">degree abbreviations</a> used commonly among British universities. The university is part of the <a href="/wiki/Engineering_Doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Doctorate">Engineering Doctorate</a> scheme,<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and awards the Eng. D. in <a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">systems engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineering_management" title="Engineering management">engineering management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">aerospace engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-destructive_evaluation" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-destructive evaluation">non-destructive evaluation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bristol notably does not award by title any bachelor's degrees in music, which is available for study but awarded BA (although it does award MMus and DMus), nor any degree in <a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">divinity</a>, since divinity is not available for study (students of theology are awarded a BA). Similarly, the university does not award BLitt (Bachelor of Letters), although it does award both MLitt and <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Letters" title="Doctor of Letters">DLitt</a>. In regulations, the university does not name MD or <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Dental_Surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Dental Surgery">DDS</a> as <a href="/wiki/Higher_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher doctorate">higher doctorates</a>, although they are in many universities<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as these degrees are normally accredited professional doctorates. </p><p>The degrees of DLitt, DSc, DEng, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Laws">LLD</a> and DMus, whilst having regulations specifying the grounds for award,<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are most often conferred as honorary degrees (<i>in honoris causa</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those used most commonly are the DLitt, DSc and LLD, with the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a> (and occasionally the MLitt) also sometimes conferred honorarily for distinction in the local area or within the university. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publishing_and_commercial_activities">Publishing and commercial activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Publishing and commercial activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>University of Bristol has various activities including publication, joint ventures, and catering and accommodation services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bristol_University_Press">Bristol University Press</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bristol University Press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bristol University Press is scholarly press based at University of Bristol.<sup id="cite_ref-brupr_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brupr-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, the University of Bristol established <b>Policy Press</b>, an <a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">academic publisher</a> based in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Law at the University of Bristol and specialising in the social sciences. In October 2016, Policy Press became an imprint of newly founded <b>Bristol University Press</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is not-for-profit university press which publishes 15 journals and 200 books a year in subjects including: Ageing and Gerontology, Business and Management, Criminology, Economics and Society, Environment and Sustainability, International Development, Law, Politics and International Relations, Science, Technology and Society, and Sociology. It achieved journal citation metrics with gains in Journal Impact Factors and improved results in Journal Citation Indicator, Scopus CiteScore and SJR.<sup id="cite_ref-buppr_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buppr-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bristol_is_Open">Bristol is Open</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bristol is Open"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bristol is Open, abbreviated as BiO, is a joint venture project between <a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Council" title="Bristol City Council">Bristol City Council</a> and University of Bristol. It is for delivering research contributing to the development of a Smart City and deploying a city-scale open and programmable testbed for experimentation and digital innovation.<sup id="cite_ref-biojv_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biojv-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collaboration of two organisations started in April 2015 and ended in December 2019 with Bristol City Council taking full control of BiO's operations.<sup id="cite_ref-biopn_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biopn-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has completed many technical trials and experiments including open access to Wi-Fi as a reduction of the digital divide and development for Smart City technology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Student life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Students'_Union"><span id="Students.27_Union"></span>Students' Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Students' Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:070327_ukbris_ubu01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/070327_ukbris_ubu01.jpg/220px-070327_ukbris_ubu01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/070327_ukbris_ubu01.jpg/330px-070327_ukbris_ubu01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/070327_ukbris_ubu01.jpg/440px-070327_ukbris_ubu01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Bristol Union">University of Bristol Union</a> building</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Students%27_Union" title="University of Bristol Students' Union">University of Bristol Students' Union</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Students%27_Union" title="University of Bristol Students' Union">University of Bristol Students' Union</a> (Bristol SU) located on Queen's Road in the Richmond Building is a founding member of the National Union of Students and is amongst the oldest <a href="/wiki/Students%27_union" title="Students' union">students' unions</a> in England. The union oversees three media outlets: UBTV, the Bristol University Radio Station (<a href="/wiki/BURST" class="mw-redirect" title="BURST">BURST</a>) and the student newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Epigram_(newspaper)" title="Epigram (newspaper)">Epigram</a></i>. There is also a local branch of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tab" title="The Tab">The Tab</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Union is responsible for representing students' academic interests through elections of student representatives and democratic events. The Union is also responsible for the organisation of the annual Welcome Fair, the co-ordination of Bristol Student Community Action, which organises volunteering projects in the local community, and the organisation of entertainment events and over 400<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> student groups, societies and clubs. Previous presidents have included <a href="/wiki/Sue_Lawley" title="Sue Lawley">Sue Lawley</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrat</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Lembit_%C3%96pik" title="Lembit Öpik">Lembit Öpik</a>. There is a separate union for postgraduate students, as well as an athletic union, which is a member of the <a href="/wiki/British_Universities_%26_Colleges_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="British Universities & Colleges Sport">British Universities & Colleges Sport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In distinction to the "<a href="/wiki/Blue_(university_sport)" title="Blue (university sport)">blues</a>" awarded for sporting excellence at Oxford and Cambridge, Bristol's most successful athletes are awarded "reds".<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halls_of_residence">Halls of residence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Halls of residence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Halls_of_residence_at_the_University_of_Bristol" title="Halls of residence at the University of Bristol">Halls of residence at the University of Bristol</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wills_Hall,_University_of_Bristol.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Wills_Hall%2C_University_of_Bristol.JPG/220px-Wills_Hall%2C_University_of_Bristol.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Wills_Hall%2C_University_of_Bristol.JPG/330px-Wills_Hall%2C_University_of_Bristol.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Wills_Hall%2C_University_of_Bristol.JPG/440px-Wills_Hall%2C_University_of_Bristol.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wills_Hall" title="Wills Hall">Wills Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Accommodation for students is primarily in the central precinct of the university and two areas of Bristol: <a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Bristol" title="Clifton, Bristol">Clifton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stoke_Bishop" title="Stoke Bishop">Stoke Bishop</a>, known respectively as the West and North Villages.<sup id="cite_ref-prosp_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prosp-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Stoke Bishop, <a href="/wiki/Wills_Hall" title="Wills Hall">Wills Hall</a> on the edge of the <a href="/wiki/The_Downs_(Bristol)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Downs (Bristol)">Clifton Downs</a> was the first to be opened, in 1929, by the then chancellor, Winston Churchill. Its original <a href="/wiki/Quadrangle_(architecture)" title="Quadrangle (architecture)">quadrangle</a> layout has been expanded twice, in 1962 and 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-prosp_153-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prosp-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill Hall">Churchill Hall</a>, named for the chancellor, followed in 1956, then <a href="/wiki/Badock_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Badock Hall">Badock Hall</a> in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-prosp_153-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prosp-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of Badock Hall's establishment, some of the buildings were called <a href="/wiki/Hiatt_Baker_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiatt Baker Hall">Hiatt Baker Hall</a>, but two years later, Hiatt Baker moved to its own site and is now the largest hall in the university.<sup id="cite_ref-prosp_153-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prosp-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first self-catering hall in Stoke Bishop was <a href="/wiki/University_Hall_(Bristol)" class="mw-redirect" title="University Hall (Bristol)">University Hall</a>, established in 1971 with expansion in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-prosp_153-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prosp-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goldney1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Goldney1.jpg/220px-Goldney1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Goldney1.jpg/330px-Goldney1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Goldney1.jpg/440px-Goldney1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Goldney_Hall" title="Goldney Hall">Goldney Hall</a></figcaption></figure><p> In Clifton, <a href="/wiki/Goldney_Hall" title="Goldney Hall">Goldney Hall</a> was built first in the early 18th century by the wealthy merchant <a href="/wiki/Goldney_family" title="Goldney family">Goldney family</a> and eventually became part of the university in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a popular location for filming, with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_(TV_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chronicles of Narnia (TV miniseries)">The Chronicles of Narnia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Eliott" title="The House of Eliott">The House of Eliott</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Truly,_Madly,_Deeply_(film)" title="Truly, Madly, Deeply (film)">Truly, Madly, Deeply</a></i>, as well as episodes of <i><a href="/wiki/Only_Fools_and_Horses" title="Only Fools and Horses">Only Fools and Horses</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Casualty_(TV_series)" title="Casualty (TV series)">Casualty</a></i>, being filmed there.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Grotto_at_Goldney_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Grotto at Goldney House">Grotto</a> in the grounds is a Grade I <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Clifton_Hill_House" title="Clifton Hill House">Clifton Hill House</a> is another Grade I listed building now used as student accommodation in Clifton. The original building was constructed between 1745 and 1750 by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Ware" title="Isaac Ware">Isaac Ware</a>, and has been used by the university since its earliest days in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-prosp_153-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prosp-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Manor_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Manor Hall">Manor Hall</a> comprises five separate buildings, the principal of which was erected from 1927 to 1932 to the design of <a href="/wiki/George_Oatley" title="George Oatley">George Oatley</a> following a donation from <a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Wills" title="Henry Herbert Wills">Henry Herbert Wills</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manor_Hall,_Bristol" title="Manor Hall, Bristol">Manor Hall</a> houses the largest and most dated rooms, some dating back to the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of its annexes, Manor House, has recently been refurbished and officially 'reopened' in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-prosp_153-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prosp-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CliftonHillHouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/CliftonHillHouse.JPG/220px-CliftonHillHouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/CliftonHillHouse.JPG/330px-CliftonHillHouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/CliftonHillHouse.JPG/440px-CliftonHillHouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Hill_House" title="Clifton Hill House">Clifton Hill House</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UoB_Manor_Hall_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/UoB_Manor_Hall_Front.jpg/220px-UoB_Manor_Hall_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/UoB_Manor_Hall_Front.jpg/330px-UoB_Manor_Hall_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/UoB_Manor_Hall_Front.jpg/440px-UoB_Manor_Hall_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3556" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Manor_Hall,_Bristol" title="Manor Hall, Bristol">Manor Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On the central precinct sits The Hawthorns, a student house accommodating 115 undergraduate students.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The house started life as a collection of villas built somewhere between 1888 and 1924<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that were later converted, bit by bit, into a hotel by John Dingle.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hawthorns also houses conferencing facilities, the staff refectory and bar, the Accommodation Office and the Student Houses Office. 33 Colston Street was opened in the city centre in October 2011 after the university acquired the property in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-prosp_153-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prosp-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several of the residences in the central precinct are more recent and have been built and are managed by third-party organisations under exclusivity arrangements with the university. New Bridewell House, opened in 2016, is in the former police HQ, and is operated by Fresh Student Housing. Unite House and Chantry Court, were opened in 2000 and 2003 respectively by the <a href="/wiki/UNITE_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="UNITE Group">UNITE Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dean's Court (2001, postgraduates only) and Woodland Court (2005), are both run by the Dominion Housing Group.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of the main halls elect groups of students to the <a href="/wiki/Junior_Common_Room#Bristol" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Common Room">Junior Common Room</a> to organise the halls social calendar for the next year. Residents of student houses, private accommodation and students living at home become members of Orbital – a society organising social events for students throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-prosp_153-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prosp-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Promotional plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sports membership at Bristol University totals up to 4,000 students across a wide range of unique team and individual pursuits. Its network of over 70 sports clubs and four sites are run by the university's Student Union and its Sport,Exercise and Health Department.<sup id="cite_ref-Sports_Exercise_and_Heath_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sports_Exercise_and_Heath-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Competing with other universities in the <a href="/wiki/British_Universities_and_Colleges_Sport" title="British Universities and Colleges Sport">British Universities and Colleges Sport league (BUCS)</a>, Bristol university is placed 8th in the country. </p><p>The university caters to its students with sporting facilities split across four primary complexes: </p><p><b>Bristol University Indoor Sports Centre</b>- The Indoor Sports Centre is located at the heart of the university campus and is home to a fully equipped two-storey gym, fitness studios, sports hall and Sports Medicine Clinic. <sup id="cite_ref-Indoor_Sports_Centre_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indoor_Sports_Centre-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Coombe Dingle Sports Complex</b>- This 38-acre site in the heart of Stoke Bishop, features the only indoor tennis centre in Bristol and is where the university's more traditional outdoor sports reside. Coombe Dingle is typically used for training and competition. Throughout the year Coombe Dingle hosts a variety of competitive fixtures, including inter-university BUCS matches, plus local and national league matches.:<sup id="cite_ref-Coombe_Dingle_Sports_Complex_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coombe_Dingle_Sports_Complex-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Facilities available at Coombe Dingle Sports Complex: • 3G pitch • Artificial pitches (sand dressed and floodlit) • Grass pitches (football and rugby) • Cricket squares and nets (including grass) • Tennis courts, indoor and outdoor (floodlit) • Lacrosse pitch • Netball courts (outdoor) • Olympic weight lifting gym • Softball and rounders facilities • Pavilion, lounge bar and meeting rooms • Sports Medicine Clinic </p><p><b>Richmond Building</b>- The university swimming pool is located inside the student union (Richmond Building). This six-lane swimming pool has a moveable bulkhead, creating a competition-length main pool, alongside a comfortable teaching pool for lessons. The pool is available to students, staff and the community for lane and casual swimming, or lessons, on a membership or pay-as-you-go basis. <sup id="cite_ref-Swimming_Pool_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swimming_Pool-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Saltford Boathouse</b>- The University Boathouse is based at Saltford, halfway to Bath on the River Avon. Used for term-time training/competition and out-of-term recreational water sport, the Boathouse moors up the universities rowing and sailing boats. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Bristol_people" title="List of University of Bristol people">List of University of Bristol people</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academics_2">Academics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Current academics at the University of Bristol include 23 fellows of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Medical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Medical Sciences">Academy of Medical Sciences</a>, 13 fellows of the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a>, 13 fellows of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Royal Academy of Engineering">Royal Academy of Engineering</a>, 43 fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences<sup id="cite_ref-acss.org.uk_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acss.org.uk-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 48 fellows of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include, Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berry_(physicist)" title="Michael Berry (physicist)">Michael Berry</a>, one of the discoverers of <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanics</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Geometric_phase" title="Geometric phase">geometric phase</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Rarity" title="John Rarity">John Rarity</a> international expert on <a href="/wiki/Quantum_optics" title="Quantum optics">quantum optics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quantum_cryptography" title="Quantum cryptography">quantum cryptography</a> and quantum communication, <a href="/wiki/David_May_(computer_scientist)" title="David May (computer scientist)">David May</a>, computer scientist and lead architect for the <a href="/wiki/Transputer" title="Transputer">transputer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Horton_(archaeologist)" title="Mark Horton (archaeologist)">Mark Horton</a>, a British maritime and historical archaeologist and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Hood_(psychologist)" title="Bruce Hood (psychologist)">Bruce Hood</a>, a world-leading experimental psychologist. </p><p>Academics in computer science include, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Cliff_(computer_scientist)" title="Dave Cliff (computer scientist)">David Cliff</a>, inventor of the seminal "ZIP" trading algorithm, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Flach" title="Peter Flach">Peter Flach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Fraser_(computer_scientist)" title="Mike Fraser (computer scientist)">Mike Fraser</a>, professor of human-computer interaction, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Gough_(scientist)" title="Julian Gough (scientist)">Julian Gough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Smart_(cryptographer)" title="Nigel Smart (cryptographer)">Nigel Smart</a>. Academics in engineering include the materials scientist <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Eichhorn" title="Stephen Eichhorn">Stephen Eichhorn</a>. </p><p>Past academics of the university include, <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Broadfoot" title="Patricia Broadfoot">Patricia Broadfoot</a>, vice-chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Gloucestershire" title="University of Gloucestershire">University of Gloucestershire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Thrift" title="Nigel Thrift">Nigel Thrift</a>, vice-chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Larner" title="Wendy Larner">Wendy Larner</a>, provost of <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Epstein" title="Anthony Epstein">Anthony Epstein</a>, co-discoverer of the <a href="/wiki/Epstein-Barr_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Epstein-Barr virus">Epstein-Barr virus</a>, was Professor of <a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a> at the university from 1968 to 1982,<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Lennard-Jones" title="John Lennard-Jones">John Lennard-Jones</a>, discoverer of the <a href="/wiki/Lennard-Jones_potential" title="Lennard-Jones potential">Lennard-Jones potential</a> in physics<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Alfred Marshall</a>, one of the University College's principals and influential economist in the latter part of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mathematicians and philosophers <a href="/wiki/Rohit_Parikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohit Parikh">Rohit Parikh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Rotman" title="Brian Rotman">Brian Rotman</a> lectured in the mathematics department, and philosophers of science <a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Paul Feyerabend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bird" title="Alexander Bird">Alexander Bird</a> taught in the department of philosophy. Another notable current academic in the department of philosophy includes <a href="/wiki/Havi_Carel" title="Havi Carel">Havi Carel</a>. Notable mathematicians who have worked in the department of mathematics include <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Leitgeb" title="Hannes Leitgeb">Hannes Leitgeb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Welch" title="Philip Welch">Philip Welch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Green_(mathematician)" title="Ben Green (mathematician)">Ben Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Booker_(mathematician)" title="Andrew Booker (mathematician)">Andrew Booker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Wolf" title="Julia Wolf">Julia Wolf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Marklof" title="Jens Marklof">Jens Marklof</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_McNamara_(mathematical_biologist)" title="John McNamara (mathematical biologist)">John McNamara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howell_Peregrine" title="Howell Peregrine">Howell Peregrine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Budd_(mathematician)" title="Christopher Budd (mathematician)">Christopher Budd</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Hogan_(mathematician)" title="John Hogan (mathematician)">John Hogan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Rickard" title="Jeremy Rickard">Jeremy Rickard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Jozsa" title="Richard Jozsa">Richard Jozsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corinna_Ulcigrai" title="Corinna Ulcigrai">Corinna Ulcigrai</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Evans_(mathematician)" title="David Evans (mathematician)">David Evans</a> and the statistician <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Goldstein" title="Harvey Goldstein">Harvey Goldstein</a>. </p><p>The University of Bristol is associated with three <a href="/wiki/Ig_Nobel_Prizes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ig Nobel Prizes">Ig Nobel Prizes</a>, an award for unusual or trivial achievements in scientific research. Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berry_(physicist)" title="Michael Berry (physicist)">Michael Berry</a> shared the award (with <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Andre Geim</a>, a Nobel Laureate) for using <a href="/wiki/Magnets" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnets">magnets</a> to levitate a frog.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gareth Jones also shared an Ig Nobel prize for scientifically documenting <a href="/wiki/Fellatio" title="Fellatio">fellatio</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fruit_bat" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit bat">fruit bats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. <a href="/wiki/Len_Fisher" title="Len Fisher">Len Fisher</a> was awarded the 1999 prize for physics for calculating the optimal way to dunk a biscuit.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alumni">Alumni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Notable Bristol alumni include:</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Blunt_Amadeus_Awards_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James Blunt, musician"><img alt="James Blunt, musician" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/James_Blunt_Amadeus_Awards_2017.jpg/120px-James_Blunt_Amadeus_Awards_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/James_Blunt_Amadeus_Awards_2017.jpg/180px-James_Blunt_Amadeus_Awards_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/James_Blunt_Amadeus_Awards_2017.jpg/240px-James_Blunt_Amadeus_Awards_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/James_Blunt" title="James Blunt">James Blunt</a>, musician </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Dirac,_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paul Dirac, physicist"><img alt="Paul Dirac, physicist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Paul_Dirac%2C_1933.jpg/81px-Paul_Dirac%2C_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Paul_Dirac%2C_1933.jpg/122px-Paul_Dirac%2C_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Paul_Dirac%2C_1933.jpg/162px-Paul_Dirac%2C_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1107" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>, physicist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JonathanEvans.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jonathan Evans, former head of MI5"><img alt="Jonathan Evans, former head of MI5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/JonathanEvans.jpg/97px-JonathanEvans.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/JonathanEvans.jpg/146px-JonathanEvans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/JonathanEvans.jpg/195px-JonathanEvans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2023" data-file-height="2492" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Evans_(MI5_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Evans (MI5 officer)">Jonathan Evans</a>, former head of <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_(2024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hun Manet, Prime Minister of Cambodia"><img alt="Hun Manet, Prime Minister of Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_%282024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC%29.jpg/90px-%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_%282024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_%282024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC%29.jpg/135px-%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_%282024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_%282024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC%29.jpg/180px-%ED%9B%88_%EB%A7%88%EB%84%B7_%EC%BA%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC_%282024%EB%85%84_5%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="1042" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Hun Manet</a>, Prime Minister of Cambodia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Pegg_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Simon Pegg, actor and writer"><img alt="Simon Pegg, actor and writer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Simon_Pegg_01.jpg/114px-Simon_Pegg_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Simon_Pegg_01.jpg/171px-Simon_Pegg_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Simon_Pegg_01.jpg/228px-Simon_Pegg_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Pegg" title="Simon Pegg">Simon Pegg</a>, actor and writer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Susanna_Reid_at_Soccer_Aid_for_UNICEF.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Susanna Reid, TV journalist"><img alt="Susanna Reid, TV journalist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Susanna_Reid_at_Soccer_Aid_for_UNICEF.jpg/103px-Susanna_Reid_at_Soccer_Aid_for_UNICEF.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Susanna_Reid_at_Soccer_Aid_for_UNICEF.jpg/155px-Susanna_Reid_at_Soccer_Aid_for_UNICEF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Susanna_Reid_at_Soccer_Aid_for_UNICEF.jpg/206px-Susanna_Reid_at_Soccer_Aid_for_UNICEF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Reid" title="Susanna Reid">Susanna Reid</a>, TV journalist </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Walliams.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="David Walliams, comedian"><img alt="David Walliams, comedian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/David_Walliams.JPG/83px-David_Walliams.JPG" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/David_Walliams.JPG/124px-David_Walliams.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/David_Walliams.JPG/165px-David_Walliams.JPG 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/David_Walliams" title="David Walliams">David Walliams</a>, comedian</div> </li> </ul> <p>Bristol alumnus <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> went on to win the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933 for his contribution to the formulation of quantum mechanics and is considered one of the most significant physicists of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable scientists include <a href="/wiki/Dani_Rabaiotti" title="Dani Rabaiotti">Dani Rabaiotti</a>, an environmental scientist and science communicator,<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Eliahu_Nissim" title="Eliahu Nissim">Eliahu Nissim</a>, a professor of aeronautical engineering, and the president of the <a href="/wiki/Open_University_of_Israel" title="Open University of Israel">Open University of Israel</a>. </p><p>Writers to have studied at Bristol include <a href="/wiki/Dick_King-Smith" title="Dick King-Smith">Dick King-Smith</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Kane" title="Sarah Kane">Sarah Kane</a>; <a href="/wiki/Angela_Carter" title="Angela Carter">Angela Carter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Simpson" title="Dorothy Simpson">Dorothy Simpson</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Gibbins" title="David Gibbins">David Gibbins</a>; <a href="/wiki/Julia_Donaldson" title="Julia Donaldson">Julia Donaldson</a>; Olivier award-winning playwright <a href="/wiki/Laura_Wade" title="Laura Wade">Laura Wade</a>; <a href="/wiki/Maddie_Mortimer" title="Maddie Mortimer">Maddie Mortimer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Holly_Smale" title="Holly Smale">Holly Smale</a>; and <a href="/wiki/David_Nicholls_(writer)" title="David Nicholls (writer)">David Nicholls</a>, author of the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Starter_for_Ten_(novel)" title="Starter for Ten (novel)">Starter for Ten</a></i>, turned into a screenplay set in the University of Bristol.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In government and politics, notable alumni include <a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert II, Prince of Monaco">Albert II, Prince of Monaco</a>; Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Hun Manet</a> of Cambodia; former Liberal Democrat MP <a href="/wiki/Lembit_%C3%96pik" title="Lembit Öpik">Lembit Öpik</a>, who was president of Bristol University Students' Union; <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Evans,_Baron_Evans_of_Weardale" title="Jonathan Evans, Baron Evans of Weardale">Sir Jonathan Evans</a>, former head of MI5; <a href="/wiki/Nkosazana_Dlamini-Zuma" title="Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma">Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Chairperson of the African Union Commission</a> from October 2012 to January 2017; <a href="/wiki/Karen_Ramagge_Prescott" title="Karen Ramagge Prescott">Karen Ramagge Prescott</a>, the first female <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Speaker of the Gibraltar Parliament">Speaker of the Gibraltar Parliament</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Boateng" title="Paul Boateng">Paul Boateng</a>, the UK's first Black Cabinet Minister. </p><p>In current affairs, former students include journalist and <i>McMafia</i> author <a href="/wiki/Misha_Glenny" title="Misha Glenny">Misha Glenny</a>; BBC News Chief Political Correspondent <a href="/wiki/James_Landale" title="James Landale">James Landale</a> (who founded the university independent newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Epigram_(newspaper)" title="Epigram (newspaper)">Epigram</a></i>); author and journalist <a href="/wiki/Julie_Myerson" title="Julie Myerson">Julie Myerson</a>; editor-in-chief of the Telegraph Media Group <a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_(journalist)" title="William Lewis (journalist)">William Lewis</a>; editor-in-chief of <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> <a href="/wiki/Will_Hutton" title="Will Hutton">Will Hutton</a>; Radio 4 presenter <a href="/wiki/Sue_Lawley" title="Sue Lawley">Sue Lawley</a>; newsreader <a href="/wiki/Alastair_Stewart" title="Alastair Stewart">Alastair Stewart</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> US Correspondent <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Waghorn" title="Dominic Waghorn">Dominic Waghorn</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Breakfast" title="BBC Breakfast">BBC Breakfast</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_Britain_(2014_TV_programme)" title="Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme)">Good Morning Britain</a></i> anchor <a href="/wiki/Susanna_Reid" title="Susanna Reid">Susanna Reid</a> was an editor of <i>Epigram</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In entertainment, former students include rapper <a href="/wiki/Shygirl" title="Shygirl">Shygirl</a>; singer <a href="/wiki/James_Blunt" title="James Blunt">James Blunt</a>; illusionist <a href="/wiki/Derren_Brown" title="Derren Brown">Derren Brown</a>; comedians <a href="/wiki/Jon_Richardson" title="Jon Richardson">Jon Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Brigstocke" title="Marcus Brigstocke">Marcus Brigstocke</a> (who did not graduate), <a href="/wiki/Matt_Lucas" title="Matt Lucas">Matt Lucas</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Walliams" title="David Walliams">David Walliams</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> actors <a href="/wiki/Simon_Pegg" title="Simon Pegg">Simon Pegg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Langham" title="Chris Langham">Chris Langham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Mackie" title="Pearl Mackie">Pearl Mackie</a>; <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> <a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTuber</a> <a href="/wiki/Gigguk" title="Gigguk">Gigguk</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Brass_Eye" title="Brass Eye">Brass Eye</a></i> creator <a href="/wiki/Chris_Morris_(satirist)" title="Chris Morris (satirist)">Chris Morris</a>; and <i><a href="/wiki/Stath_Lets_Flats" title="Stath Lets Flats">Stath Lets Flats</a></i> creator <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Demetriou" title="Jamie Demetriou">Jamie Demetriou</a>. </p><p>Notable alumni from the Film and Television Production department include film directors <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jackson_(director)" title="Mick Jackson (director)">Mick Jackson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Winterbottom" title="Michael Winterbottom">Michael Winterbottom</a>; <a href="/wiki/Marc_Evans" title="Marc Evans">Marc Evans</a>; <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Smith_(director)" title="Christopher Smith (director)">Christopher Smith</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alex_Cox" title="Alex Cox">Alex Cox</a>; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Webber" title="Peter Webber">Peter Webber</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Maddie_Moate" title="Maddie Moate">Maddie Moate</a>. </p><p>Other alumni include <a href="/wiki/Anne_McClain" title="Anne McClain">Anne McClain</a>, member of the 2013 NASA Astronaut Class;<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mathematician <a href="/wiki/Iain_Gordon" title="Iain Gordon">Iain Gordon</a>; long jumper <a href="/wiki/Jazmin_Sawyers" title="Jazmin Sawyers">Jazmin Sawyers</a>; <a href="/wiki/Luke_Bond" title="Luke Bond">Luke Bond</a>, an organist at <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a>; and baker <a href="/wiki/Kim-Joy_Hewlett" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim-Joy Hewlett">Kim-Joy Hewlett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_University_Wills_Memorial_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wills Memorial Building"><img alt="Wills Memorial Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bristol_University_Wills_Memorial_Building.jpg/240px-Bristol_University_Wills_Memorial_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bristol_University_Wills_Memorial_Building.jpg/360px-Bristol_University_Wills_Memorial_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bristol_University_Wills_Memorial_Building.jpg/480px-Bristol_University_Wills_Memorial_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1434" data-file-height="1075" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wills Memorial Building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:H.-H.-Wills-Physics-Laboratory-tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory"><img alt="H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/H.-H.-Wills-Physics-Laboratory-tower.jpg/271px-H.-H.-Wills-Physics-Laboratory-tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/H.-H.-Wills-Physics-Laboratory-tower.jpg/406px-H.-H.-Wills-Physics-Laboratory-tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/H.-H.-Wills-Physics-Laboratory-tower.jpg/542px-H.-H.-Wills-Physics-Laboratory-tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Victoria_Rooms_and_King_Edward_VII_fountain_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2474832.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victoria Rooms"><img alt="Victoria Rooms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/The_Victoria_Rooms_and_King_Edward_VII_fountain_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2474832.jpg/277px-The_Victoria_Rooms_and_King_Edward_VII_fountain_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2474832.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/The_Victoria_Rooms_and_King_Edward_VII_fountain_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2474832.jpg/415px-The_Victoria_Rooms_and_King_Edward_VII_fountain_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2474832.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/The_Victoria_Rooms_and_King_Edward_VII_fountain_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2474832.jpg/553px-The_Victoria_Rooms_and_King_Edward_VII_fountain_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2474832.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="977" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Victoria Rooms</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Bristol_Student%27s_Union_building_-_DSC05773.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Student's Union Building"><img alt="Student's Union Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/University_of_Bristol_Student%27s_Union_building_-_DSC05773.JPG/240px-University_of_Bristol_Student%27s_Union_building_-_DSC05773.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/University_of_Bristol_Student%27s_Union_building_-_DSC05773.JPG/360px-University_of_Bristol_Student%27s_Union_building_-_DSC05773.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/University_of_Bristol_Student%27s_Union_building_-_DSC05773.JPG/480px-University_of_Bristol_Student%27s_Union_building_-_DSC05773.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Student's Union Building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bristol_University_Chemistry_Department.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chemistry Department"><img alt="Chemistry Department" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bristol_University_Chemistry_Department.jpg/249px-Bristol_University_Chemistry_Department.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bristol_University_Chemistry_Department.jpg/374px-Bristol_University_Chemistry_Department.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bristol_University_Chemistry_Department.jpg/499px-Bristol_University_Chemistry_Department.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2725" data-file-height="1968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chemistry Department</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Library,_Tyndall_Avenue,_University_of_Bristol_-_DSC05832.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Library, Tyndall Avenue"><img alt="Library, Tyndall Avenue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Library%2C_Tyndall_Avenue%2C_University_of_Bristol_-_DSC05832.JPG/240px-Library%2C_Tyndall_Avenue%2C_University_of_Bristol_-_DSC05832.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Library%2C_Tyndall_Avenue%2C_University_of_Bristol_-_DSC05832.JPG/360px-Library%2C_Tyndall_Avenue%2C_University_of_Bristol_-_DSC05832.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Library%2C_Tyndall_Avenue%2C_University_of_Bristol_-_DSC05832.JPG/480px-Library%2C_Tyndall_Avenue%2C_University_of_Bristol_-_DSC05832.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Library, Tyndall Avenue</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_Of_Bristol,_Museum_Lecture_Theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum Lecture Theatre"><img alt="Museum Lecture Theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/University_Of_Bristol%2C_Museum_Lecture_Theatre.jpg/270px-University_Of_Bristol%2C_Museum_Lecture_Theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/University_Of_Bristol%2C_Museum_Lecture_Theatre.jpg/405px-University_Of_Bristol%2C_Museum_Lecture_Theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/University_Of_Bristol%2C_Museum_Lecture_Theatre.jpg/540px-University_Of_Bristol%2C_Museum_Lecture_Theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3522" data-file-height="2349" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Museum Lecture Theatre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Voronoi-Fry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Fry Building"><img alt="The Fry Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Voronoi-Fry.jpg/265px-Voronoi-Fry.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Voronoi-Fry.jpg/397px-Voronoi-Fry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Voronoi-Fry.jpg/530px-Voronoi-Fry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2766" data-file-height="1881" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Fry Building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CliftonHillHouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Clifton Hill House"><img alt="Clifton Hill House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/CliftonHillHouse.JPG/240px-CliftonHillHouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/CliftonHillHouse.JPG/360px-CliftonHillHouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/CliftonHillHouse.JPG/480px-CliftonHillHouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Clifton Hill House</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goldney1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Goldney House"><img alt="Goldney House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Goldney1.jpg/240px-Goldney1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Goldney1.jpg/360px-Goldney1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Goldney1.jpg/480px-Goldney1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="453" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Goldney House</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hampton-House.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hampton House"><img alt="Hampton House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hampton-House.jpg/276px-Hampton-House.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hampton-House.jpg/413px-Hampton-House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hampton-House.jpg/551px-Hampton-House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2968" data-file-height="1940" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hampton House</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Fort_House_in_Bristol.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Fort House"><img alt="Royal Fort House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Royal_Fort_House_in_Bristol.JPG/270px-Royal_Fort_House_in_Bristol.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Royal_Fort_House_in_Bristol.JPG/405px-Royal_Fort_House_in_Bristol.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Royal_Fort_House_in_Bristol.JPG/540px-Royal_Fort_House_in_Bristol.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal Fort House</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_House,_Tyndall_Avenue,_Bristol_-_DSC05820.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Senate House"><img alt="Senate House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Senate_House%2C_Tyndall_Avenue%2C_Bristol_-_DSC05820.JPG/240px-Senate_House%2C_Tyndall_Avenue%2C_Bristol_-_DSC05820.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Senate_House%2C_Tyndall_Avenue%2C_Bristol_-_DSC05820.JPG/360px-Senate_House%2C_Tyndall_Avenue%2C_Bristol_-_DSC05820.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Senate_House%2C_Tyndall_Avenue%2C_Bristol_-_DSC05820.JPG/480px-Senate_House%2C_Tyndall_Avenue%2C_Bristol_-_DSC05820.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Senate House</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:070522_ukbris_waverley.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Waverley House"><img alt="Waverley House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/070522_ukbris_waverley.jpg/120px-070522_ukbris_waverley.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/070522_ukbris_waverley.jpg/179px-070522_ukbris_waverley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/070522_ukbris_waverley.jpg/239px-070522_ukbris_waverley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Waverley House</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_UK_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of UK universities">Armorial of UK universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHOMBEC" title="CHOMBEC">CHOMBEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bristol" title="Education in Bristol">Education in Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_universities_in_Europe_(1801%E2%80%931945)" title="List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)">List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">List of universities in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Theatre_Collection" title="University of Bristol Theatre Collection">University of Bristol Theatre Collection</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes those who indicate that they identify as <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed Heritage</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Arabs" title="British Arabs">Arab</a> or any other ethnicity except White.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Calculated from the Polar4 measure, using Quintile1, in England and Wales. Calculated from the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) measure, using SIMD20, in Scotland.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-arms-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arms_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arms_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927234000/http://www.bristol.ac.uk/visualidentity/arms.html">"The University Arms"</a>. University of Bristol. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bristol.ac.uk/visualidentity/arms.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+University+Arms&rft.pub=University+of+Bristol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bristol.ac.uk%2Fvisualidentity%2Farms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bristol_Financial_Statement_22/23-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bristol_Financial_Statement_22/23_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bristol_Financial_Statement_22/23_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bristol_Financial_Statement_22/23_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216114616/https://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/finance/documents/UoB%20AR%20FS%202023%20WEB.pdf">"Financial Statements for the Year to 31 July 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Bristol. p. 89. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/finance/documents/UoB%20AR%20FS%202023%20WEB.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Financial+Statements+for+the+Year+to+31+July+2023&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=University+of+Bristol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bristol.ac.uk%2Fmedia-library%2Fsites%2Ffinance%2Fdocuments%2FUoB%2520AR%2520FS%25202023%2520WEB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bristolwebsitechancellor-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bristolwebsitechancellor_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070607210701/http://bristol.ac.uk/university/chancellor.html">"Bristol University"</a>. <i>Chancellor's biography</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/chancellor.html">the original</a> on 7 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chancellor%27s+biography&rft.atitle=Bristol+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bristol.ac.uk%2Funiversity%2Fchancellor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071121215029/http://www.privy-council.org.uk/output/Page49.asp">"Institutions for which the President of the Council acts as Visitor"</a>. Privy Council Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.privy-council.org.uk/output/Page49.asp">the original</a> on 21 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Institutions+for+which+the+President+of+the+Council+acts+as+Visitor&rft.pub=Privy+Council+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.privy-council.org.uk%2Foutput%2FPage49.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HESAStaff-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HESAStaff_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HESAStaff_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/staff/working-in-he">"Who's working in HE?"</a>. <i>www.hesa.ac.uk</i>. <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Statistics_Agency" title="Higher Education Statistics Agency">Higher Education Statistics Agency</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hesa.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Who%27s+working+in+HE%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fstaff%2Fworking-in-he&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HESAStudents-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HESAStudents_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HESAStudents_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HESAStudents_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-study#provider">"Where do HE students study? | HESA"</a>. <i>hesa.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hesa.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Where+do+HE+students+study%3F+%7C+HESA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fstudents%2Fwhere-study%23provider&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vis-ident-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vis-ident_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vis-ident_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013010817/http://www.bristol.ac.uk/visualidentity/logo.html">"University of Bristol logo"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Bristol+logo&rft.pub=University+of+Bristol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bristol.ac.uk%2Fvisualidentity%2Flogo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BristolwebsiteMap-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BristolwebsiteMap_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/maps/precinct.html">"Maps and Guides"</a>. <i>The University precinct map</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+precinct+map&rft.atitle=Maps+and+Guides&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bristol.ac.uk%2Funiversity%2Fmaps%2Fprecinct.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bristolwebsite-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bristolwebsite_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bristol.ac.uk/cms/go/statutes/regs/acts.html">"The University of Bristol Acts"</a>. <i>The University of Bristol Act 1909</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Bristol+Act+1909&rft.atitle=The+University+of+Bristol+Acts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bristol.ac.uk%2Fcms%2Fgo%2Fstatutes%2Fregs%2Facts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BristolUniversityHistory-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BristolUniversityHistory_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/history/">"Bristol University History"</a>. <i>History of the University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notable+alumni+%E2%80%93+Faculty+of+Engineering&rft.pub=University+of+Bristol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alumni.bristol.ac.uk%2FNetCommunity%2FPage.aspx%3F%26pid%3D280%26srcid%3D190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phy.bristol.ac.uk/history.html">"History of the Department"</a>. Department of Physics, University of Bristol<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Department&rft.pub=Department+of+Physics%2C+University+of+Bristol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phy.bristol.ac.uk%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1950/">"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950"</a>. The Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bristol.ac.uk/union/altprospectus/unilife/union">the original</a> on 26 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+introduction+of+the+PGU&rft.pub=University+of+Bristol+Postgraduate+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pgu.org.uk%2Fyourpgu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald_MacLeod2005" class="citation news cs1">Donald MacLeod (5 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.guardian.co.uk/businessofresearch/story/0,,1658169,00.html">"Bristol signs commercial research funding deal"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hosken, David (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2762080">"Fellatio by fruit bats prolongs copulation time"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>4</b> (10): e7595. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PLoSO...4.7595T">2009PLoSO...4.7595T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007595">10.1371/journal.pone.0007595</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2762080">2762080</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19862320">19862320</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Fellatio+by+fruit+bats+prolongs+copulation+time&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=e7595&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2762080%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19862320&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007595&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009PLoSO...4.7595T&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Jones%2C+G.&rft.au=Zhu%2C+G.&rft.au=Ye%2C+J.&rft.au=Hong%2C+T.&rft.au=Zhou%2C+S.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+S.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2762080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher1999" class="citation journal cs1">Fisher, L. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F17203">"Physics takes the biscuit"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>397</b> (6719): 469. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Natur.397..469F">1999Natur.397..469F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F17203">10.1038/17203</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4404966">4404966</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Physics+takes+the+biscuit&rft.volume=397&rft.issue=6719&rft.pages=469&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4404966%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F17203&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999Natur.397..469F&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F17203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/scientists_dirac.html">"Paul Dirac (1902 - 1984)"</a>. The Physics of the Universe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paul+Dirac+%281902+-+1984%29&rft.pub=The+Physics+of+the+Universe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.physicsoftheuniverse.com%2Fscientists_dirac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zsl.org/science/users/daniella-rabaiotti">"Daniella Rabaiotti"</a>. <i>Zoological Society of London (ZSL)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zoological+Society+of+London+%28ZSL%29&rft.atitle=Daniella+Rabaiotti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zsl.org%2Fscience%2Fusers%2Fdaniella-rabaiotti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2006/06/26/starter_feature.shtml">"Starter for Ten"</a>. BBC Bristol<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Starter+for+Ten&rft.pub=BBC+Bristol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbristol%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2006%2F06%2F26%2Fstarter_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-26351802">"Profile: Breakfast TV's Susanna Reid"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 3 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Breakfast+TV%27s+Susanna+Reid&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-26351802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alumni.bristol.ac.uk/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=190&srcid=238">"Notable alumni"</a>. Bristol University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notable+alumni&rft.pub=Bristol+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alumni.bristol.ac.uk%2FNetCommunity%2FPage.aspx%3Fpid%3D190%26srcid%3D238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aj6HTM33pBY">Video</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/great-british-bake-off-kim-joy-social-anxiety-mental-health-child-interview-a8630231.html">"Bake Off's Kim-Joy discusses experiencing severe social anxiety as a child"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 12 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Bake+Off%27s+Kim-Joy+discusses+experiencing+severe+social+anxiety+as+a+child&rft.date=2018-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fhealth-and-families%2Fgreat-british-bake-off-kim-joy-social-anxiety-mental-health-child-interview-a8630231.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarleton1984" class="citation book cs1">Carleton, Don (1984). <i>University for Bristol: A History in Text and Pictures</i>. University of Bristol. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86292-200-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-86292-200-3"><bdi>0-86292-200-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=University+for+Bristol%3A+A+History+in+Text+and+Pictures&rft.pub=University+of+Bristol&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-86292-200-3&rft.aulast=Carleton&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelany2002" class="citation book cs1">Delany, Rosalind (2002). <i>How Did This Garden Grow?: The History of the Botanic Gardens of the University of Bristol</i>. Friends of Bristol University Botanic Garden. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9543504-0-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9543504-0-5"><bdi>0-9543504-0-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Did+This+Garden+Grow%3F%3A+The+History+of+the+Botanic+Gardens+of+the+University+of+Bristol&rft.pub=Friends+of+Bristol+University+Botanic+Garden&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-9543504-0-5&rft.aulast=Delany&rft.aufirst=Rosalind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossley_Evans1994" class="citation book cs1">Crossley Evans, M. J. (1994). <i>A History of Wills Hall University of Bristol</i>. University of Bristol. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86292-421-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86292-421-9"><bdi>0-86292-421-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Wills+Hall+University+of+Bristol&rft.pub=University+of+Bristol&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-86292-421-9&rft.aulast=Crossley+Evans&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittingham2003" class="citation book cs1">Whittingham, Sarah (2003). <i>Wills Memorial Building</i>. University of Bristol. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86292-541-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86292-541-X"><bdi>0-86292-541-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wills+Memorial+Building&rft.pub=University+of+Bristol&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-86292-541-X&rft.aulast=Whittingham&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Bristol" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Bristol&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">University of Bristol</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b01c2e; color:white;width:1%">University</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_College,_Bristol" title="University College, Bristol">University College, Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_University_of_Bristol" title="History of the University of Bristol">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_the_University_of_Bristol" title="Governance of the University of Bristol">Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Bristol" title="Academic dress of the University of Bristol">Academic dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_admissions_controversy" title="University of Bristol admissions controversy">2003 admissions controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wills Memorial Building, University of Bristol"><img alt="Wills Memorial Building, University of Bristol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg/120px-University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg/180px-University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg/240px-University_of_bristol_tower_after_cleaning_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2568" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b01c2e; color:white;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chancellor: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Sir Paul Nurse</a></li> <li>Vice-Chancellor: <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Welch" title="Evelyn Welch">Evelyn Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Bristol_people" title="List of University of Bristol people">List of University of Bristol people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b01c2e; color:white;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Departments and<br />buildings</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Botanic_Garden" title="University of Bristol Botanic Garden">Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Deaf_Studies,_Bristol" title="Centre for Deaf Studies, Bristol">Centre for Deaf Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Device_Thermography_and_Reliability" title="Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability">Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Nanoscience_and_Quantum_Information" title="Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information">Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Computer_Science,_University_of_Bristol" title="Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol">Department of Computer Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fry_Building" title="Fry Building">Fry Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Medical_School" title="Bristol Medical School">Medical School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Fort_House" title="Royal Fort House">Royal Fort House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Rooms,_Bristol" title="Victoria Rooms, Bristol">Victoria Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wills_Memorial_Building" title="Wills Memorial Building">Wills Memorial Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Theatre" title="Winston Theatre">Winston Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b01c2e; color:white;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Students%27_Union" title="University of Bristol Students' Union">Students' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burst_Radio" title="Burst Radio">Burst Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigram_(newspaper)" title="Epigram (newspaper)"><i>Epigram</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(newspaper)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halls_of_residence_at_the_University_of_Bristol" title="Halls of residence at the University of Bristol">Halls of residence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goldney_Hall" title="Goldney Hall">Goldney Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Hill_House" title="Clifton Hill House">Clifton Hill House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wills_Hall" title="Wills Hall">Wills Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manor_Hall,_Bristol" title="Manor Hall, Bristol">Manor Hall</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b01c2e; color:white;width:1%">Clubs and societies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Society_of_Change_Ringers" title="University of Bristol Society of Change Ringers">Society of Change Ringers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol_Spel%C3%A6ological_Society" title="University of Bristol Spelæological Society">Spelæological Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#b01c2e; color:white;width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academics_of_the_University_of_Bristol" title="Category:Academics of the University of Bristol">Academics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_University_of_Bristol" title="Category:Alumni of the University of Bristol">Alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_University_of_Bristol" title="Category:Chancellors of the University of Bristol">Chancellors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Bristol_halls_of_residence" title="Category:University of Bristol halls of residence">Halls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_associated_with_the_University_of_Bristol" title="Category:People associated with the University of Bristol">Associated people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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href="/wiki/Template:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universities in the United Kingdom">Universities in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_England" title="List of universities in England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East of England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bedfordshire" title="University of Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranfield_University" title="Cranfield University">Cranfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Essex" title="University of Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hertfordshire" title="University of Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_University_of_the_Arts" title="Norwich University of the Arts">Norwich University of the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Suffolk" title="University of Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_higher_education_colleges_in_London" title="List of universities and higher education colleges in London">London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University <br /> of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London" title="Birkbeck, University of London">Birkbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunel_University_of_London" title="Brunel University of London">Brunel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_St_George%27s,_University_of_London" title="City St George's, University of London">City St George's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Institute_of_Art" title="Courtauld Institute of Art">Courtauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London" title="Goldsmiths, University of London">Goldsmiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cancer_Research" title="Institute of Cancer Research">Institute of Cancer Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Business_School" title="London Business School">London Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">LSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">LSHTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Royal Central School of Speech and Drama">Royal Central School of Speech and Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Holloway,_University_of_London" title="Royal Holloway, University of London">Royal Holloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Veterinary_College" title="Royal Veterinary College">Royal Veterinary College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Advanced_Study" title="School of Advanced Study">School of Advanced Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAS_University_of_London" title="SOAS University of London">SOAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">UCL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_London" title="University of East London">East London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Greenwich" title="University of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_University" title="Kingston University">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_University" title="London Metropolitan University">London Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_South_Bank_University" title="London South Bank University">London South Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University" title="Middlesex University">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_%E2%80%93_London" title="Northeastern University – London">Northeastern University – London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensbourne_University_London" title="Ravensbourne University London">Ravensbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_University_London" title="Regent's University London">Regent's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_The_American_International_University_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond, The American International University in London">Richmond, The American International University in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art" title="Royal College of Art">Royal College of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music" title="Royal College of Music">Royal College of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Roehampton" title="University of Roehampton">Roehampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_University,_Twickenham" title="St Mary's University, Twickenham">St Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London" title="University of the Arts London">University of the Arts London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_West_London" title="University of West London">West London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_University" title="Birmingham City University">Birmingham City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Grosseteste_University" title="Bishop Grosseteste University">Bishop Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Montfort_University" title="De Montfort University">De Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Derby" title="University of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper_Adams_University" title="Harper Adams University">Harper Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keele_University" title="Keele University">Keele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_University,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Newman University, Birmingham">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Northampton" title="University of Northampton">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Trent_University" title="Nottingham Trent University">Nottingham Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Staffordshire University">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Birmingham" title="University College Birmingham">University College Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wolverhampton" title="University of Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Worcester" title="University of Worcester">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bolton" title="University of Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Lancashire" title="University of Central Lancashire">Central Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chester" title="University of Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cumbria" title="University of Cumbria">Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill_University" title="Edge Hill University">Edge Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Huddersfield" title="University of Huddersfield">Huddersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Arts_University" title="Leeds Arts University">Leeds Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Beckett_University" title="Leeds Beckett University">Leeds Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Trinity_University" title="Leeds Trinity University">Leeds Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Hope_University" title="Liverpool Hope University">Liverpool Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Moores_University" title="Liverpool John Moores University">Liverpool John Moores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_School_of_Tropical_Medicine" title="Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine">LSTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University" title="Manchester Metropolitan University">Manchester Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbria_University" title="Northumbria University">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salford" title="University of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_University" title="Sheffield Hallam University">Sheffield Hallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sunderland" title="University of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teesside_University" title="Teesside University">Teesside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_St_John_University" title="York St John University">York St. John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_University_Bournemouth" title="Arts University Bournemouth">Arts University Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bath" title="University of Bath">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_Spa_University" title="Bath Spa University">Bath Spa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_University" title="Bournemouth University">Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Brighton" title="University of Brighton">Brighton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Buckingham" title="University of Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_New_University" title="Buckinghamshire New University">Buckinghamshire New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Christ_Church_University" title="Canterbury Christ Church University">Canterbury Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chichester" title="University of Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_the_Creative_Arts" title="University for the Creative Arts">Creative Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falmouth_University" title="Falmouth University">Falmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartpury_College" title="Hartpury College">Hartpury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gloucestershire" title="University of Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kent" title="University of Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Brookes_University" title="Oxford Brookes University">Oxford Brookes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Plymouth" title="University of Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Marjon_University" title="Plymouth Marjon University">Plymouth Marjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_University_Plymouth" title="Arts University Plymouth">Arts University Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Portsmouth" title="University of Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Agricultural_University" title="Royal Agricultural University">Royal Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solent_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Solent University">Solent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Surrey" title="University of Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_England" title="University of the West of England">UWE Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Winchester" title="University of Winchester">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_University" title="Ulster University">Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Scotland" title="List of universities in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abertay_University" title="Abertay University">Abertay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dundee" title="University of Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Napier_University" title="Edinburgh Napier University">Edinburgh Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Caledonian_University" title="Glasgow Caledonian University">Glasgow Caledonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">Highlands and Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Margaret_University" title="Queen Margaret University">Queen Margaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_University" title="Robert Gordon University">Robert Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Conservatoire_of_Scotland" title="Royal Conservatoire of Scotland">Royal Conservatoire of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stirling" title="University of Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strathclyde" title="University of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_Scotland" title="University of the West of Scotland">West of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Wales" title="List of universities in Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth_University" title="Aberystwyth University">Aberystwyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_University" title="Bangor University">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University" title="Cardiff Metropolitan University">Cardiff Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Wales" title="University of South Wales">South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_University" title="Swansea University">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David" title="University of Wales Trinity Saint David">Wales Trinity Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham_University" title="Wrexham University">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Universities_in_British_overseas_territories" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">Overseas territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_College" title="Bermuda College">Bermuda College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayman Islands Law School">Cayman Islands Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gibraltar" title="University of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_College_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="International College of the Cayman Islands">International College of the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_James_School_of_Medicine" title="Saint James School of Medicine">Saint James School of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthew%27s_University" title="St. Matthew's University">St. Matthew's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="University College of the Cayman Islands">University College of the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science,_Arts_and_Technology" title="University of Science, Arts and Technology">University of Science, Arts and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_Indies_Open_Campus" title="University of the West Indies Open Campus">University of the West Indies Open Campus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Universities_in_Crown_Dependencies" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">Crown dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Channel_Islands_in_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey">University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arden_University" title="Arden University">Arden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPP_University" title="BPP University">BPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Law" title="University of Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_London_International_Programmes" class="mw-redirect" title="University of London International Programmes">London International Programmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_student_protests" title="2010 United Kingdom student protests">2010 United Kingdom student protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_universities_by_date_of_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by date of foundation">List by date of foundation</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ancient_university" title="Ancient university">Ancient</a>; <a href="/wiki/Third-oldest_university_in_England_debate" title="Third-oldest university in England debate">Third-oldest in England</a>; <a href="/wiki/Red_brick_university" title="Red brick university">Redbrick</a>; <a href="/wiki/Plate_glass_university" title="Plate glass university">Plate glass</a>; <a href="/wiki/Post-1992_university" title="Post-1992 university">Post-1992</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_universities_by_endowment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by endowment">List by endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_enrolment" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom by enrolment">List by enrolment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleges_within_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom">Colleges within universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_degree_abbreviations" title="British degree abbreviations">Degree abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_Wales" title="Higher Education Funding Council for Wales">HEFCW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Students" title="Office for Students">Office for Students</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_England" title="Higher Education Funding Council for England">HEFCE</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Funding_Council" title="Scottish Funding Council">Scottish Funding Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_and_grants_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom">Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Radio_Association" title="Student Radio Association">Student Radio Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student unionism in the United Kingdom">Student unionism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuition_fees_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tuition fees in the United Kingdom">Tuition fees in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification" title="British undergraduate degree classification">Undergraduate degree classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCAS" title="UCAS">UCAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">University and College Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_(United_Kingdom)" title="Polytechnic (United Kingdom)">Polytechnic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Universities in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_and_colleges_in_South_West_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_South_West_England" title="Template:Universities and colleges in South West England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_and_colleges_in_South_West_England" title="Template talk:Universities and colleges in South West England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_South_West_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities and colleges in South West England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_and_colleges_in_South_West_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Universities and colleges in <a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AECC_University_College" class="mw-redirect" title="AECC University College">AECC (Bournemouth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_University_Bournemouth" title="Arts University Bournemouth">Arts Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bath" title="University of Bath">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_Spa_University" title="Bath Spa University">Bath Spa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_University" title="Bournemouth University">Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPP_University" title="BPP University">BPP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falmouth_University" title="Falmouth University">Falmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gloucestershire" title="University of Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Law" title="University of Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Plymouth" title="University of Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_University_Plymouth" title="Arts University Plymouth">Arts Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Marjon_University" title="Plymouth Marjon University">Plymouth Marjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Agricultural_University" title="Royal Agricultural University">Royal Agricultural (Cirencester)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_England" title="University of the West of England">West of England (UWE Bristol)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Higher Education colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyson_Institute_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Dyson Institute of Engineering and Technology">Dyson Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Further Education colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_College" title="Bath College">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_and_Poole_College" title="Bournemouth and Poole College">Bournemouth & Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgwater_and_Taunton_College" title="Bridgwater and Taunton College">Bridgwater & Taunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callywith_College" title="Callywith College">Callywith (Bodmin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirencester_College" title="Cirencester College">Cirencester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bristol_College" title="City of Bristol College">City of Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_College_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornwall College (England)">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Devon" title="Exeter College, Devon">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire_College" title="Gloucestershire College">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartpury_College" title="Hartpury College">Hartpury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_Maurward_College" title="Kingston Maurward College">Kingston Maurward (Dorset)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_College,_Swindon" title="New College, Swindon">New College Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroc_(college)" title="Petroc (college)">Petroc (Devon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_College_Plymouth" title="City College Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Devon_College" title="South Devon College">South Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_and_Stroud_College" title="South Gloucestershire and Stroud College">South Gloucestershire & Stroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strode_College" title="Strode College">Strode (Somerset)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_College" title="Swindon College">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro_and_Penwith_College" title="Truro and Penwith College">Truro & Penwith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weston_College" title="Weston College">Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weymouth_College" title="Weymouth College">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiltshire College">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeovil_College" title="Yeovil College">Yeovil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sixth form colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exeter_Mathematics_School" title="Exeter Mathematics School">Exeter Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Huish_College,_Taunton" title="Richard Huish College, Taunton">Richard Huish (Taunton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Brendan%27s_Sixth_Form_College" title="St Brendan's Sixth Form College">St Brendan's (Bristol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Sixth_Form_College" title="Salisbury Sixth Form College">Salisbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Education_in_Bristol" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Education_in_Bristol" title="Template:Education in Bristol"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Education_in_Bristol" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Education in Bristol"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Education_in_Bristol" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Education in Bristol"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Education_in_Bristol" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bristol" title="Education in Bristol">Education in Bristol</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bristol" title="Education in Bristol">Education in Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Bristol" title="List of schools in Bristol">List of schools in Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Merchant_Venturers" title="Society of Merchant Venturers">Society of Merchant Venturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Road_Primary_School" title="Bishop Road Primary School">Bishop Road Primary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Learning_Campus" title="Bridge Learning Campus">Bridge Learning Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchants%27_Academy" title="Merchants' Academy">Merchants' Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashton_Park_School" title="Ashton Park School">Ashton Park School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedminster_Down_School" title="Bedminster Down School">Bedminster Down School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_High_School" title="Blaise High School">Blaise High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Learning_Campus" title="Bridge Learning Campus">Bridge Learning Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Brunel_Academy" title="Bristol Brunel Academy">Bristol Brunel Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Cathedral_Choir_School" title="Bristol Cathedral Choir School">Bristol Cathedral Choir School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Free_School" title="Bristol Free School">Bristol Free School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Metropolitan_Academy" title="Bristol Metropolitan Academy">Bristol Metropolitan Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Academy_Bristol" title="City Academy Bristol">City Academy Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotham_School" title="Cotham School">Cotham School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_High_School,_Bristol" title="Fairfield High School, Bristol">Fairfield High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchants%27_Academy" title="Merchants' Academy">Merchants' Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier_High_School,_Bristol" title="Montpelier High School, Bristol">Montpelier High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis_Academy_Brightstowe" title="Oasis Academy Brightstowe">Oasis Academy Brightstowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis_Academy_Brislington" title="Oasis Academy Brislington">Oasis Academy Brislington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis_Academy_John_Williams" title="Oasis Academy John Williams">Oasis Academy John Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_School_Bristol" title="Orchard School Bristol">Orchard School Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redland_Green_School" title="Redland Green School">Redland Green School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bede%27s_Catholic_College" title="St Bede's Catholic College">St Bede's Catholic College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bernadette_Catholic_Secondary_School" title="St Bernadette Catholic Secondary School">St Bernadette Catholic Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Redcliffe_and_Temple_School" title="St Mary Redcliffe and Temple School">St Mary Redcliffe and Temple School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Academy,_Bristol" title="Trinity Academy, Bristol">Trinity Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badminton_School" title="Badminton School">Badminton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Grammar_School" title="Bristol Grammar School">Bristol Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel_Christian_School,_Bristol" title="Carmel Christian School, Bristol">Carmel Christian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_College" title="Clifton College">Clifton College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_High_School,_Bristol" title="Clifton High School, Bristol">Clifton High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_School_(Bristol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegiate School (Bristol)">Collegiate School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth%27s_Hospital" title="Queen Elizabeth's Hospital">Queen Elizabeth's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redmaids%27_High_School" title="Redmaids' High School">Redmaids' High School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Gateway_School" title="Bristol Gateway School">Bristol Gateway School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsweston_School" title="Kingsweston School">Kingsweston School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Further education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bristol_College" title="City of Bristol College">City of Bristol College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bristol_Post_16_Centre" title="North Bristol Post 16 Centre">North Bristol Post 16 Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Brendan%27s_Sixth_Form_College" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Brendan's Sixth Form College">St. Brendan's Sixth Form College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_and_Stroud_College" title="South Gloucestershire and Stroud College">South Gloucestershire and Stroud College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Higher education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Old_Vic_Theatre_School" title="Bristol Old Vic Theatre School">Bristol Old Vic Theatre School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Bristol" title="Trinity College, Bristol">Trinity College</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Law" title="University of Law">The University of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_England" title="University of the West of England">University of the West of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusia_Academy" title="Andalusia Academy">Andalusia Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_Grammar_School" title="Fairfield Grammar School">Fairfield Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrywood_Grammar_School" title="Merrywood Grammar School">Merrywood Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redland_High_School_for_Girls" title="Redland High School for Girls">Redland High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_St_Christopher%27s_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora St Christopher's School">St Christopher's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ursula%27s_School" title="St Ursula's School">St Ursula's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_College_(Bristol)" title="Wesley College (Bristol)">Wesley College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Worldwide_Universities_Network" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Worldwide_Universities_Network" title="Template:Worldwide Universities Network"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Worldwide_Universities_Network" title="Template talk:Worldwide Universities Network"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Worldwide_Universities_Network" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Worldwide Universities Network"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Worldwide_Universities_Network" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Universities_Network" title="Worldwide Universities Network">Worldwide Universities Network</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Australia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology_Sydney" title="University of Technology Sydney">Technology Sydney</a></dd> <dt>Brazil</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Federal_University_of_Minas_Gerais" title="Federal University of Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a></dd> <dt>Canada</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">Alberta</a></dd> <dt>China</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Renmin_University_of_China" title="Renmin University of China">Renmin</a></dd> <dt>Germany</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruhr_University_Bochum" title="Ruhr University Bochum">Ruhr Bochum</a></dd> <dt>Ghana</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ghana" title="University of Ghana">Ghana</a></dd> <dt>Hong Kong</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chinese University of Hong Kong">Chinese</a></dd> <dt>Mexico</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Monterrey_Institute_of_Technology_and_Higher_Education" title="Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education">Monterrey</a></dd> <dt>Netherlands</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_University" title="Maastricht University">Maastricht</a></dd> <dt>New Zealand</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">Auckland</a></dd> <dt>South Africa</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cape_Town" title="University of Cape Town">Cape Town</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria" title="University of Pretoria">Pretoria</a></dd> <dt>Switzerland</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lausanne" title="University of Lausanne">Lausanne</a></dd> <dt>Taiwan</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Cheng_Kung_University" title="National Cheng Kung University">Cheng Kung</a></dd> <dt>Thailand</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mahidol_University" title="Mahidol University">Mahidol</a></dd> <dt>Uganda</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Makerere_University" title="Makerere University">Makerere</a></dd> <dt>United Kingdom</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bristol</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">York</a></dd> <dt>United States</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">Rochester</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coimbra_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#4682b4;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coimbra_Group" title="Template:Coimbra Group"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coimbra_Group" title="Template talk:Coimbra Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coimbra_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coimbra Group"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coimbra_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Coimbra Group</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Barcelona" title="University of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">Coimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Dublin (TCD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Galway" title="University of Galway">Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Granada" title="University of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Graz" title="University of Graz">Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_University" title="Heidelberg University">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza_University" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza University">Iași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_University" title="Istanbul University">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jena" title="University of Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_catholique_de_Louvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Université catholique de Louvain">Louvain-la-Neuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Montpellier" title="University of Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry_University_Montpellier_3" title="Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3">Montpellier 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pavia" title="University of Pavia">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Poitiers" title="University of Poitiers">Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">St. Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Siena" title="University of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">Tartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turku" title="University of Turku">Turku I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85bo_Akademi_University" title="Åbo Akademi University">Turku II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">Vilnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="University of Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russell_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russell_Group" title="Template:Russell Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russell_Group" title="Template talk:Russell Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russell_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russell Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russell_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="CDIO_Initiative" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CDIO" title="Template:CDIO"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CDIO" title="Template talk:CDIO"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CDIO" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CDIO"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="CDIO_Initiative" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/CDIO_Initiative" title="CDIO Initiative">CDIO Initiative</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="South_Africa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">South Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria" title="University of Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia-Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chisholm_Institute" title="Chisholm Institute">Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtin_University" title="Curtin University">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland_University_of_Technology" title="Queensland University of Technology">Queensland Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology" title="Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology">Royal Melbourne Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Sunshine_Coast" title="University of the Sunshine Coast">Sunshine Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Institute_of_Petrochemical_Technology" title="Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology">Beijing Petrochemical Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Jiaotong_University" title="Beijing Jiaotong University">Beijing Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_University_of_Information_Technology" title="Chengdu University of Information Technology">Chengdu Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou_University" title="Shantou University">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Electronic_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Electronic Science and Technology of China">Electronic Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshan_University" title="Yanshan University">Yanshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Neusoft_University_of_Information" title="Dalian Neusoft University of Information">Dalian Neusoft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><i>Elsewhere</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universiti_Teknologi_MARA" title="Universiti Teknologi MARA">MARA Technological <span style="font-size:85%;">(Malaysia)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungku_Omar_Polytechnic" title="Ungku Omar Polytechnic">Ungku Omar Poly <span style="font-size:85%;">(Malaysia)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Sultan_Polytechnic" title="Ibrahim Sultan Polytechnic">Ibrahim Sultan Poly <span style="font-size:85%;">(Malaysia)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor%27s_University" title="Taylor's University">Taylor's <span style="font-size:85%;">(Malaysia)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">Auckland <span style="font-size:85%;">(New Zealand)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Polytechnic" title="Singapore Polytechnic">Singapore Poly <span style="font-size:85%;">(Singapore)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_University,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City">National Ho Chi Minh <span style="font-size:85%;">(Vietnam)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahti_University_of_Applied_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahti University of Applied Sciences">Lahti A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Lapland University of Applied Sciences">Lapland A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolia_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Metropolia University of Applied Sciences">Metropolia A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novia_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Novia University of Applied Sciences">Novia A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savonia_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Savonia University of Applied Sciences">Savonia A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sein%C3%A4joki_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences">Seinäjoki A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampere_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Tampere University of Applied Sciences">Tampere A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turku_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Turku University of Applied Sciences">Turku A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turku" title="University of Turku">Turku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_State_University" title="Astrakhan State University">Astrakhan State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauman_Moscow_State_Technical_University" title="Bauman Moscow State Technical University">Moscow State Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherepovets_State_University" title="Cherepovets State University">Cherepovets State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_State_Technical_University" title="Don State Technical University">Don State Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_Federal_University" title="Kazan Federal University">Kazan Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Aviation_Institute" title="Moscow Aviation Institute">Moscow Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Institute_of_Physics_and_Technology" title="Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology">Moscow Physics and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Engineering_Physics_Institute" title="Moscow Engineering Physics Institute">Moscow Engineering Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Eastern_Federal_University" title="North-Eastern Federal University">North-Eastern Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oryol State University">Orel State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University_of_Aerospace_Instrumentation" title="Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation">Saint Petersburg Aerospace Instrumentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Federal_University" title="Siberian Federal University">Siberian Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skolkovo_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology">Skolkovo Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomsk_Polytechnic_University" title="Tomsk Polytechnic University">Tomsk Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomsk_State_University_of_Control_Systems_and_Radio-electronics" title="Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radio-electronics">Tomsk Control Systems and Radioelectronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Federal_University" title="Ural Federal University">Ural Federal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Sweden</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blekinge_Institute_of_Technology" title="Blekinge Institute of Technology">Blekinge Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalmers_University_of_Technology" title="Chalmers University of Technology">Chalmers Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping_School_of_Engineering" title="Jönköping School of Engineering">Jönköping Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristianstad_University" title="Kristianstad University">Kristianstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTH_Royal_Institute_of_Technology" title="KTH Royal Institute of Technology">Royal Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link%C3%B6ping_University" title="Linköping University">Linköping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linnaeus_University" title="Linnaeus University">Linnaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lule%C3%A5_University_of_Technology" title="Luleå University of Technology">Luleå Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5_Institute_of_Technology" title="Umeå Institute of Technology">Umeå Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_West" title="University West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sk%C3%B6vde" title="University of Skövde">Skövde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">UK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Regional_College" title="South Eastern Regional College">South Eastern Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_University" title="Ulster University">Ulster</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chichester" title="University of Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strathclyde" title="University of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><i>Elsewhere</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hogeschool_Gent" title="Hogeschool Gent">Gent <span style="font-size:85%;">(Belgium)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus <span style="font-size:85%;">(Denmark)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Denmark Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9communications_de_Bretagne" title="École nationale supérieure des télécommunications de Bretagne">Bretagne Telecom <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochschule_Wismar" title="Hochschule Wismar">Hochschule Wismar <span style="font-size:85%;">(Germany)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan" title="Polytechnic University of Milan">Milan Poly <span style="font-size:85%;">(Italy)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Superior_de_Engenharia_do_Porto" title="Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto">Porto Superior Engineering <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Catalonia" title="Polytechnic University of Catalonia">Catalonia Poly <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnique_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Polytechnique Montréal">Montréal Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_College" title="Sheridan College">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Northridge" title="California State University, Northridge">Cal State Northridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embry%E2%80%93Riddle_Aeronautical_University" title="Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University">Embry–Riddle Aeronautical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Arkansas" title="University of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado" title="University of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">Notre Dame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Central and<br />South America</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Chile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_the_Most_Holy_Conception" title="Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception">Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chile" title="University of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Los_Lagos" title="University of Los Lagos">Los Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Santiago,_Chile" title="University of Santiago, Chile">Santiago Chile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Colombia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICESI_University" title="ICESI University">Higher Studies of Incolda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Colombia" title="National University of Colombia">Colombia National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Xavierian_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Xavierian University">Pontifical Xavierian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Antioquia" title="University of Antioquia">Antioquia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">Santo Tomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Quind%C3%ADo" title="University of Quindío">Quindío</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459506#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459506#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459506#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000419367603">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133584812">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1016858-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79054635">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124203727">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124203727">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35021957">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90114198">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000120662&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811406344005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007587771005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/c39d2eaa-0f45-4795-ba82-51a1737e1165">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01134578?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033326673">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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