Rapid real-world data analysis of patients with cancer, with and without COVID-19, across distinct health systems

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" > <head itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" > <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">  <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/css/output.5ecf62baa0fa.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/css/output.452c70ce66f7.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/css/output.7bf600913d6e.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/css/output.0bfa59184c7a.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/css/output.b576742ffc3e.css" type="text/css"> <title>Rapid real-world data analysis of patients with cancer, with and without COVID-19, across distinct health systems - PubMed</title> <link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/uswds/dist/fonts/merriweather-bold-webfont.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin />  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.png" />  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-192.png" />  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png">  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-72.png">  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-114.png">  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-144.png">  <meta name="ncbi_sg_optimize_id" content="">  <meta name="theme-color" content="#20558a">  <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="ncbi_pinger_gtm_track" content="true"/>  <meta name="ncbi_app" content="pubmed" /> <meta name="ncbi_db" content="pubmed" /> <meta name="ncbi_phid" content="321900014F250995000033D5E8826C19.1.m_6" /> <meta name="ncbi_pinger_stat_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/stat" /> <meta name="log_category" content="literature" /> <meta name="ncbi_cost_center" content="pubmed" />  <meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="abstract" /> <meta name="log_op" content="retrieve" /> <meta name="uid" content="34014037" /> <meta name="ncbi_uid" content="34014037" /> <meta name="log_displayeduids" content="34014037" /> <meta name="log_source_db" content="pubmed,pmc" /> <meta name="log_icons_present" content="true" />  <meta name="description" content="RWD can be rapidly leveraged to understand urgent healthcare challenges. Patients with cancer are more vulnerable to COVID-19 effects, especially in the setting of active cancer and comorbidities, with additional risk observed in NHB patients and those living in zip codes with median household incom …"><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:34014037, PMC8209944, doi:10.1002/cnr2.1388, Observational Study, Clara Hwang, Monika A Izano, Thomas D Brown, Aged, COVID-19 / diagnosis, COVID-19 / epidemiology*, COVID-19 / therapy, COVID-19 / virology, Comorbidity, Data Analysis, Female, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms / complications, Neoplasms / epidemiology*, Neoplasms / immunology, Patient Admission / statistics & numerical data, Respiration, Artificial, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2 / immunology, Severity of Illness Index, Social Determinants of Health / statistics & numerical data*, Socioeconomic Factors*, United States / epidemiology, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="Rapid real-world data analysis of patients with cancer, with and without COVID-19, across distinct health systems - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34014037/"><meta property="og:description" content="RWD can be rapidly leveraged to understand urgent healthcare challenges. Patients with cancer are more vulnerable to COVID-19 effects, especially in the setting of active cancer and comorbidities, with additional risk observed in NHB patients and those living in zip codes with median household incom …"><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="PubMed"><meta name="twitter:domain" content="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Rapid real-world data analysis of patients with cancer, with and without COVID-19, across distinct health systems - PubMed"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34014037/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="RWD can be rapidly leveraged to understand urgent healthcare challenges. Patients with cancer are more vulnerable to COVID-19 effects, especially in the setting of active cancer and comorbidities, with additional risk observed in NHB patients and those living in zip codes with median household incom …"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg">  <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml" title="PubMed search">  <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/core/no-script.css"> </noscript> <meta name="citation_title" content="Rapid real-world data analysis of patients with cancer, with and without COVID-19, across distinct health systems"> <meta name="citation_authors" content="Hwang C;Izano MA;Thompson MA;Gadgeel SM;Weese JL;Mikkelsen T;Schrag A;Teka M;Walters S;Wolf FM;Hirsch J;Rivera DR;Kluetz PG;Singh H;Brown TD;"> <meta name="citation_date" content="2021 Oct"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)"> <meta name="citation_pmid" content="34014037"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34014037/"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="4"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="5"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1002/cnr2.1388"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2573-8348"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34014037/" /> </head> <body > <noscript> <div class="no-script-banner" id="no-script-banner"> <div class="warning-message"> <div class="warning-message-text"> This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! </div> </div> </div> </noscript> <div class="no-session-banner" id="no-session-banner" hidden> <div class="warning-message"> <div class="warning-message-text"> Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. </div> <button class="close-banner-button" title="Close Clipboard and Search History not available warning banner" ref="linksrc=close_no_session_banner" aria-controls="no-session-banner" aria-label="Close Clipboard and Search History not available warning banner" aria-expanded="true"> </button> </div> </div> <a class="usa-skipnav" href="#article-details"> Skip to main page content </a>  <section class="usa-banner"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner-header"> <div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner"> <img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" /> <p>An official website of the United States government</p> <button class="usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-top" > <span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner-top" > <div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half"> <img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov" /> <div class="usa-media_block-body"> <p> <strong>The .gov means it’s official.</strong> <br /> Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half"> <img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" alt="Https" /> <div class="usa-media_block-body"> <p> <strong>The site is secure.</strong> <br /> The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header"> <div class="usa-grid"> <div class="usa-width-one-whole"> <div class="ncbi-header__logo"> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo"> <img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg" alt="NIH NLM Logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="ncbi-header__account"> <a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a> <button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none" aria-controls="account_popup"> <span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span> <span class="sr-only">Show account info</span> </button> </div> <div class="ncbi-popup-anchor"> <div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="ncbi-popup-head"> <button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu"><span class="fa fa-times"></span><span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button> <h4>Account</h4> </div> <div class="account-user-info"> Logged in as:<br/> <b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b> </div> <div class="account-links"> <ul class="usa-unstyled-list"> <li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li> <li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li> <li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys"> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a> </div> <section data-section="Alerts"> <div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div> </section>  <a id="maincontent" aria-label="Main page content below" role="navigation"></a> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8oYPFm6IX0QbSHQFOE52NDwNJ8ItxcCfLh4FZ01A7dWc3I24zlOTjOcZdUQ9D28Y"> <form action="/" method="get" autocomplete="off" class="usa-search usa-search-big search-form content-page-layout" id="search-form" role="search"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <a class="pubmed-logo" aria-label="Pubmed Logo" href="/" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="pubmed_logo"> <img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg" alt="pubmed logo" /> </a> <a href="#" class="search-input-trigger" data-alt-title="Hide search bar" title="Show search bar" aria-label="Show search bar"> </a> <div role="search" class="search-input"> <div class="form-field "> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="id_term"> Search: </label> <input type="search" name="term" data-skip-ie-scroll-to-top="" data-replace-term-with-exact="" data-exact-query="" placeholder="" class="term-input" required="required" id="id_term"/><a href="#" class="clear-btn" aria-label="Clear search input" title="Clear search input" role="button" data-pinger-ignore></a><button type="submit" class="search-btn" aria-label="Search" disabled data-pinger-ignore><span class="usa-search-submit-text">Search</span></button> </div> </div>   <div class="search-links-wrapper content-page-layout"> <div class="search-links"> <a href="/advanced/" class="search-input-link adv-search-link" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="adv_search">Advanced</a> <a href="/clipboard/" class="search-input-link clipboard-link hidden" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="clipboard"> Clipboard <span class="amount-in-clipboard"></span> </a> </div> <span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide"> <a href="/help/" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="user_guide"> User Guide </a> </span> </div> </div> </form> <div id="article-page-header"> <div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="actions-container"> <div class="return-to-search"> </div> <div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to"> <button id="save-results-panel-trigger" type="button" class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="save-action-panel" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="open"> Save </button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger" type="button" class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="email-action-panel" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="open"> Email </button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger" type="button" class="trigger more-actions-trigger" ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn" aria-label="Send to" aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link " href="#" role="button" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="clipboard" data-ga-label="send"> Clipboard </a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F34014037%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F34014037%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8oYPFm6IX0QbSHQFOE52NDwNJ8ItxcCfLh4FZ01A7dWc3I24zlOTjOcZdUQ9D28Y"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container"> <div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Save citation to file </h2> <form id="save-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8oYPFm6IX0QbSHQFOE52NDwNJ8ItxcCfLh4FZ01A7dWc3I24zlOTjOcZdUQ9D28Y"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label> <select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector"> <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option> <option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="csv">CSV</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel" ref="linksrc=close_save_panel" aria-controls="save-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="email-action-panel" class="email-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback" data-recaptcha-enabled="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Email citation </h2> <form id="email-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/send-email/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/send-email/" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post" method="post" > <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8oYPFm6IX0QbSHQFOE52NDwNJ8ItxcCfLh4FZ01A7dWc3I24zlOTjOcZdUQ9D28Y"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <span class="action-panel-label"> Subject: </span> <span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 34014037 - PubMed</span> <input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 34014037"/> <input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="b50cc500bed10962002517c9620dd75f26764d7366940653f81ee1f1fbed163b"/> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> To: </label> <input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label"> From: </label> <input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label> <select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format"> <option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option> <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option> </select> </div> <div class="include-supplemental-container"> <input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental"> <label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label> </div> <div class="form-field recaptcha "> <div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div> </div> <div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="send"> Send email </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel" ref="linksrc=close_email_panel" aria-controls="email-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" /> </form> </div> </div> <div id="collections-action-panel" class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false" data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to Collections </h3> <form id="collections-action-panel-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8oYPFm6IX0QbSHQFOE52NDwNJ8ItxcCfLh4FZ01A7dWc3I24zlOTjOcZdUQ9D28Y"> <div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"> <label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8oYPFm6IX0QbSHQFOE52NDwNJ8ItxcCfLh4FZ01A7dWc3I24zlOTjOcZdUQ9D28Y"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8oYPFm6IX0QbSHQFOE52NDwNJ8ItxcCfLh4FZ01A7dWc3I24zlOTjOcZdUQ9D28Y"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8oYPFm6IX0QbSHQFOE52NDwNJ8ItxcCfLh4FZ01A7dWc3I24zlOTjOcZdUQ9D28Y"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8oYPFm6IX0QbSHQFOE52NDwNJ8ItxcCfLh4FZ01A7dWc3I24zlOTjOcZdUQ9D28Y"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="34014037"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cnr2.1388" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3058&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=34014037&db=pubmed&nlmid=101747728" title="See full text options at Wiley" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Wiley" data-ga-label="34014037" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/http:--media.wiley.com-assets-7388-68-wiley-free-full-text.png" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> Wiley </span></a><a class="link-item pmc " href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/34014037/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=34014037&db=pubmed&nlmid=101747728" title="Free full text at PubMed Central" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMC" data-ga-label="34014037" ><span class="text"> Free PMC article </span></a> </div> </div> <div class="short-view"> <a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"> Full text links </a> </div> </div> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/34014037/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/34014037/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="34014037" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections." data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_button" data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F34014037%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8oYPFm6IX0QbSHQFOE52NDwNJ8ItxcCfLh4FZ01A7dWc3I24zlOTjOcZdUQ9D28Y"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="social-sharing"> <h3 class="title"> Share </h3> <ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list"> <li> <a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Rapid%20real-world%20data%20analysis%20of%20patients%20with%20cancer%2C%20with%20and%20without%20COVID-19%2C%20across%20distinct%20health%20systems%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34014037/" class="share-link share-link-twitter" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup" title="Share article on Twitter" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="social" data-ga-label="twitter"></a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34014037/" class="share-link share-link-facebook" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup" title="Share article on Facebook" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="social" data-ga-label="fb"></a> </li> <li> <div class="share-permalink"> <button class="trigger" title="Show article permalink" ref="linksrc=show_permalink_btn"> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Permalink </div> <div class="content"> <input type="text" class="permalink-text" value="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34014037/" aria-label="Article permalink"/><button class="permalink-copy-button usa-button-primary" title="Copy article permalink" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="link" data-ga-label="copy_link"><span class="button-title">Copy</span></button> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <nav class="page-navigator" role="navigation" aria-label="Page navigation"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Page navigation </h3> <ul class="items-list"> <li class="heading "> <a href="#heading" aria-label="navigate to Title & authors section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="heading"> Title & authors </a> </li> <li class="abstract "> <a href="#abstract" aria-label="navigate to Abstract section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="abstract"> Abstract </a> </li> <li class="conflict-of-interest "> <a href="#conflict-of-interest" aria-label="navigate to Conflict of interest statement section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="conflict-of-interest"> Conflict of interest statement </a> </li> <li class="figures "> <a href="#figures" aria-label="navigate to Figures section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="figures"> Figures </a> </li> <li class="similar "> <a href="#similar" aria-label="navigate to Similar articles section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="similar"> Similar articles </a> </li> <li class="citedby "> <a href="#citedby" aria-label="navigate to Cited by section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="citedby"> Cited by </a> </li> <li class="references "> <a href="#references" aria-label="navigate to References section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="references"> References </a> </li> <li class="publication-types "> <a href="#publication-types" aria-label="navigate to Publication types section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="publication-types"> Publication types </a> </li> <li class="mesh-terms "> <a href="#mesh-terms" aria-label="navigate to MeSH terms section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="mesh-terms"> MeSH terms </a> </li> <li class="linkout "> <a href="#linkout" aria-label="navigate to LinkOut - more resources section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="linkout"> LinkOut - more resources </a> </li> </ul> </div> <select class="short-view" autocomplete="off" title="navigate to selected section" aria-label="Navigate to page section"> <option value="heading">Title & authors</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="conflict-of-interest">Conflict of interest statement</option> <option value="figures">Figures</option> <option value="similar">Similar articles</option> <option value="citedby">Cited by</option> <option value="references">References</option> <option value="publication-types">Publication types</option> <option value="mesh-terms">MeSH terms</option> <option value="linkout">LinkOut - more resources</option> </select> </nav> </div> </aside> <main class="article-details" id="article-details">   <header class="heading" id="heading"> <div class="full-view" id="full-view-heading"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="publication-type" >Observational Study</div> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)" data-pinger-ignore> Cancer Rep (Hoboken) </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Cancer+Rep+%28Hoboken%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Cancer+Rep+%28Hoboken%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Cancer Rep (Hoboken)" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Cancer+Rep+%28Hoboken%29%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2021 Oct;4(5):e1388.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1002/cnr2.1388. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2021 May 20. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Rapid real-world data analysis of patients with cancer, with and without COVID-19, across distinct health systems </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hwang+C&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Clara Hwang">Clara Hwang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Izano+MA&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Monika A Izano">Monika A Izano</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Thompson+MA&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michael A Thompson">Michael A Thompson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Aurora Cancer Care, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gadgeel+SM&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shirish M Gadgeel">Shirish M Gadgeel</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Weese+JL&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="James L Weese">James L Weese</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Aurora Cancer Care, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mikkelsen+T&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Tom Mikkelsen">Tom Mikkelsen</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Schrag+A&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Andrew Schrag">Andrew Schrag</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Teka+M&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Mahder Teka">Mahder Teka</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Walters+S&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sheetal Walters">Sheetal Walters</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wolf+FM&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Frank M Wolf">Frank M Wolf</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hirsch+J&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jonathan Hirsch">Jonathan Hirsch</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rivera+DR&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Donna R Rivera">Donna R Rivera</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Oncology Center of Excellence, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kluetz+PG&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Paul G Kluetz">Paul G Kluetz</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Oncology Center of Excellence, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Singh+H&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Harpreet Singh">Harpreet Singh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Oncology Center of Excellence, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Brown+TD&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Thomas D Brown">Thomas D Brown</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/34014037/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Aurora Cancer Care, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Oncology Center of Excellence, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">34014037</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC8209944&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8209944/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC8209944 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1002/cnr2.1388&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.1388" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1002/cnr2.1388 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <div class="publication-type" >Observational Study</div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Rapid real-world data analysis of patients with cancer, with and without COVID-19, across distinct health systems </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Clara Hwang</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Cancer Rep (Hoboken)<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2021 Oct</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/34014037/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="mobile-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)" tabindex="0" aria-controls="short-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)" data-pinger-ignore> Cancer Rep (Hoboken) </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Cancer+Rep+%28Hoboken%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Cancer+Rep+%28Hoboken%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Cancer Rep (Hoboken)" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Cancer+Rep+%28Hoboken%29%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2021 Oct;4(5):e1388.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1002/cnr2.1388. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2021 May 20. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hwang+C&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Clara Hwang">Clara Hwang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Izano+MA&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Monika A Izano">Monika A Izano</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Thompson+MA&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michael A Thompson">Michael A Thompson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Aurora Cancer Care, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gadgeel+SM&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shirish M Gadgeel">Shirish M Gadgeel</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Weese+JL&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="James L Weese">James L Weese</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Aurora Cancer Care, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mikkelsen+T&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Tom Mikkelsen">Tom Mikkelsen</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Schrag+A&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Andrew Schrag">Andrew Schrag</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Teka+M&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Mahder Teka">Mahder Teka</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Walters+S&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sheetal Walters">Sheetal Walters</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wolf+FM&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Frank M Wolf">Frank M Wolf</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hirsch+J&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jonathan Hirsch">Jonathan Hirsch</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rivera+DR&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Donna R Rivera">Donna R Rivera</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Oncology Center of Excellence, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kluetz+PG&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Paul G Kluetz">Paul G Kluetz</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Oncology Center of Excellence, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Singh+H&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Harpreet Singh">Harpreet Singh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Oncology Center of Excellence, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Brown+TD&cauthor_id=34014037" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Thomas D Brown">Thomas D Brown</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Syapse, San Francisco, California, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Aurora Cancer Care, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Oncology Center of Excellence, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">34014037</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC8209944&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8209944/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC8209944 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1002/cnr2.1388&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.1388" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1002/cnr2.1388 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/34014037/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/34014037/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Background: </strong> The understanding of the impact of COVID-19 in patients with cancer is evolving, with need for rapid analysis. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Aims: </strong> This study aims to compare the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with cancer (with and without COVID-19) and characterize the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and cancer. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Methods and results: </strong> Real-world data (RWD) from two health systems were used to identify 146 702 adults diagnosed with cancer between 2015 and 2020; 1267 COVID-19 cases were identified between February 1 and July 30, 2020. Demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics were extracted. Incidence of all-cause mortality, hospitalizations, and invasive respiratory support was assessed between February 1 and August 14, 2020. Among patients with cancer, patients with COVID-19 were more likely to be Non-Hispanic black (NHB), have active cancer, have comorbidities, and/or live in zip codes with median household income <$30 000. Patients with COVID-19 living in lower-income areas and NHB patients were at greatest risk for hospitalization from pneumonia, fluid and electrolyte disorders, cough, respiratory failure, and acute renal failure and were more likely to receive hydroxychloroquine. All-cause mortality, hospital admission, and invasive respiratory support were more frequent among patients with cancer and COVID-19. Male sex, increasing age, living in zip codes with median household income <$30 000, history of pulmonary circulation disorders, and recent treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors or chemotherapy were associated with greater odds of all-cause mortality in multivariable logistic regression models. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusion: </strong> RWD can be rapidly leveraged to understand urgent healthcare challenges. Patients with cancer are more vulnerable to COVID-19 effects, especially in the setting of active cancer and comorbidities, with additional risk observed in NHB patients and those living in zip codes with median household income <$30 000. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> cancer risk factors; epidemiology; medical oncology; viral infection. </p> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> © 2021 The Authors. Cancer Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4029/8551987/8969f8b3381f/CNR2-4-e1388-g001.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="709" data-image-height="375" data-image-alt="FIGURE 1" data-pmc-id="PMC8209944" data-figure-id="cnr21388-fig-0001"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4029/8551987/11a0a07030a3/CNR2-4-e1388-g001.gif" alt="FIGURE 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="709"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="375"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Distribution of acute complications during… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Distribution of acute complications during hospitalizations among patients with COVID‐19 and cancer who… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> FIGURE 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Distribution of acute complications during hospitalizations among patients with COVID‐19 and cancer who were hospitalized. The following acute complications are visualized in Figure 1: Any arrhythmia; Any conduction disorder; Cardiac arrest; Cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pericarditis; Chronic pulmonary disease; Coagulopathy; Cytokine release syndrome; Kidney injury; Liver injury; Renal failure; Respiratory distress or failure; Sepsis</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption">  </button> </div> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/34343344/" ref="article_id=34343344&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="34343344" data-ga-label=""> Higher severity and risk of in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 patients with cancer during the year 2020 in Brazil: A countrywide analysis of secondary data. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Costa GJ, de Azevedo CRAS, Júnior JIC, Bergmann A, Thuler LCS.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Costa GJ, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Cancer. 2021 Nov 15;127(22):4240-4248. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33832. Epub 2021 Aug 3.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Cancer. 2021.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">34343344</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/33460571/" ref="article_id=33460571&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="33460571" data-ga-label=""> Characterisation of the first 250,000 hospital admissions for COVID-19 in Brazil: a retrospective analysis of nationwide data. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Ranzani OT, Bastos LSL, Gelli JGM, Marchesi JF, Baião F, Hamacher S, Bozza FA.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Ranzani OT, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Apr;9(4):407-418. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30560-9. Epub 2021 Jan 15.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Lancet Respir Med. 2021.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">33460571</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/33688026/" ref="article_id=33688026&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=3" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="33688026" data-ga-label=""> Characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital and intensive care in the first phase of the pandemic in Canada: a national cohort study. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Murthy S, Archambault PM, Atique A, Carrier FM, Cheng MP, Codan C, Daneman N, Dechert W, Douglas S, Fiest KM, Fowler R, Goco G, Gu Y, Guerguerian AM, Hall R, Hsu JM, Joffe A, Jouvet P, Kelly L, Kho ME, Kruisselbrink RJ, Kumar D, Kutsogiannis DJ, Lamontagne F, Lee TC, Menon K, O'Grady H, O'Hearn K, Ovakim DH, Pharand SG, Pitre T, Reel R, Reeve B, Rewa O, Richardson D, Rishu A, Sandhu G, Sarfo-Mensah S, Shadowitz E, Sligl W, Solomon J, Stelfox HT, Swanson A, Tessier-Grenier H, Tsang JLY, Wood G; SPRINT-SARI Canada Investigators and the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Murthy S, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">CMAJ Open. 2021 Mar 8;9(1):E181-E188. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20200250. Print 2021 Jan-Mar.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">CMAJ Open. 2021.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">33688026</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/33301018/" ref="article_id=33301018&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=4" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="33301018" data-ga-label=""> Risk Factors Associated With In-Hospital Mortality in a US National Sample of Patients With COVID-19. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Rosenthal N, Cao Z, Gundrum J, Sianis J, Safo S.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Rosenthal N, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Dec 1;3(12):e2029058. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.29058.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">JAMA Netw Open. 2020.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">33301018</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/33232275/" ref="article_id=33232275&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=5" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="33232275" data-ga-label=""> Clinical challenges in cancer patients with COVID-19: Aging, immunosuppression, and comorbidities. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Wang L, Sun Y, Yuan Y, Mei Q, Yuan X.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Wang L, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Nov 24;12(23):24462-24474. doi: 10.18632/aging.104205. Epub 2020 Nov 24.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Aging (Albany NY). 2020.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">33232275</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> <span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="actions-bar"> <a class="show-all-linked-articles" data-href="/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=34014037" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="show_all" > See all similar articles </a> </div> </div> <div class="citedby-articles" id="citedby"> <h2 class="title"> Cited by </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="citedby-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/37537960/" ref="article_id=37537960&linksrc=citedby_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="37537960" data-ga-label=""> Quantifying mortality burden in patients with cancer due to COVID-19 in the US: A national cross-sectional analysis. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Jambunathan B, Lang J, Mays M, Ekwenna O.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Jambunathan B, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Cancer Med. 2023 Aug;12(16):17413-17417. doi: 10.1002/cam4.6364. Epub 2023 Aug 3.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Cancer Med. 2023.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">37537960</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/37214207/" ref="article_id=37214207&linksrc=citedby_articles_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="37214207" data-ga-label=""> COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients with Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Ruiz JI, Lopez-Olivo MA, Geng Y, Suarez-Almazor ME.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Ruiz JI, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">J Immunother Precis Oncol. 2023 Feb 22;6(2):103-110. doi: 10.36401/JIPO-22-24. eCollection 2023 May.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">J Immunother Precis Oncol. 2023.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">37214207</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/36762131/" ref="article_id=36762131&linksrc=citedby_articles_link&ordinalpos=3" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="36762131" data-ga-label=""> Real world outcomes in cancer patients with COVID-19 infection: Northern Ireland experience. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Feeney L, Hamilton A, Lavery A, O'Neill C, Walls G, Taylor K, Turkington RC.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Feeney L, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Ulster Med J. 2023 Jan;92(1):29-37. Epub 2023 Jan 6.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Ulster Med J. 2023.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">36762131</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/35200588/" ref="article_id=35200588&linksrc=citedby_articles_link&ordinalpos=4" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="35200588" data-ga-label=""> Real-World Treatment Patterns and Clinical Effectiveness of Palbociclib Plus an Aromatase Inhibitor as First-Line Therapy in Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer: Analysis from the US Syapse Learning Health Network. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Law JW, Mitra D, Kaplan HG, Alfred T, Brufsky AM, Emir B, McCracken H, Liu X, Broome RG, Zhang C, DiCristo C, Chen C.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Law JW, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Curr Oncol. 2022 Feb 12;29(2):1047-1061. doi: 10.3390/curroncol29020089.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Curr Oncol. 2022.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">35200588</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="references" id="references"> <h2 class="title"> References </h2> <div id='top-references-list' class="references-lists-container"> <div class="refs-list"> <ol id="top-references-list-1" class="references-list"> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Johns Hopkins University & Medicine . COVID‐19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. 2020; <a href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="External link: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html">https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html</a>. Accessed 9 June, 2020. </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Rentsch CT, Kidwai‐Khan F, Tate JP, et al. Patterns of COVID‐19 testing and mortality by race and ethnicity among United States veterans: a nationwide cohort study. PLoS Med. 2020;17(9):e1003379. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7508372/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="PMC7508372" > PMC </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="/32960880/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="32960880" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Millett GA, Jones AT, Benkeser D, et al. Assessing differential impacts of COVID‐19 on black communities. Ann Epidemiol. 2020;47:37‐44. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7224670/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="PMC7224670" > PMC </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="/32419766/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="32419766" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Garg S, Kim L, Whitaker M, et al. Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory‐confirmed coronavirus disease 2019—COVID‐NET, 14 states, march January 30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(15):458‐464. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7755063/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="PMC7755063" > PMC </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="/32298251/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="32298251" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Azar KMJ, Shen Z, Romanelli RJ, et al. Disparities in outcomes among COVID‐19 patients in a large health care system in California. Health Aff (Millwood). 2020;39(7):1253‐1262. 101377hlthaff202000598. - <a class="reference-link" href="/32437224/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="32437224" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> <div class="actions-bar"> <button class="show-all" ref="linksrc=show_all_references_link" aria-controls="top-references-list-1" data-next-page-url="/34014037/references/" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="show_more" > Show all 34 references </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="publication-types" class="publication-types keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Publication types </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Observational Study" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Observational Study </button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Observational Study"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Observational+Study%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Observational+Study%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Observational Study"[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="pub_type" data-ga-label="Observational Study"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Observational+Study" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="pub_type_link" data-ga-label="Observational Study"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Observational Study"[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Observational Study"[pt]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> MeSH terms </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Aged" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Aged </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Aged"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Aged"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Aged"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Aged"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword COVID-19 / diagnosis" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> COVID-19 / diagnosis </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword COVID-19 / diagnosis"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22COVID-19%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22COVID-19%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="COVID-19/diagnosis"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="COVID-19 / diagnosis"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=COVID-19" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="COVID-19 / diagnosis"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""COVID-19/diagnosis"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""COVID-19/diagnosis"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword COVID-19 / epidemiology*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> COVID-19 / epidemiology* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword COVID-19 / epidemiology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22COVID-19%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22COVID-19%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="COVID-19/epidemiology"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="COVID-19 / epidemiology*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=COVID-19" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="COVID-19 / epidemiology*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""COVID-19/epidemiology"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""COVID-19/epidemiology"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword COVID-19 / therapy" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> COVID-19 / therapy </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword COVID-19 / therapy"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22COVID-19%2Ftherapy%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22COVID-19%2Ftherapy%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="COVID-19/therapy"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="COVID-19 / therapy"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=COVID-19" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="COVID-19 / therapy"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""COVID-19/therapy"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""COVID-19/therapy"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword COVID-19 / virology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> COVID-19 / virology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword COVID-19 / virology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22COVID-19%2Fvirology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22COVID-19%2Fvirology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="COVID-19/virology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="COVID-19 / virology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=COVID-19" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="COVID-19 / virology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""COVID-19/virology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""COVID-19/virology"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Comorbidity" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Comorbidity </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Comorbidity"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Comorbidity%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Comorbidity%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Comorbidity"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Comorbidity"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Comorbidity" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Comorbidity"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Comorbidity"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Comorbidity"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Data Analysis" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Data Analysis </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Data Analysis"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Data+Analysis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Data+Analysis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Data Analysis"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Data Analysis"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Data+Analysis" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Data Analysis"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Data Analysis"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Data Analysis"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Female" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Female </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Female"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Female"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Female"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Female"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Female"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Female"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Hospital Mortality" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Hospital Mortality </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Hospital Mortality"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Hospital+Mortality%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Hospital+Mortality%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Hospital Mortality"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Hospital Mortality"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hospital+Mortality" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Hospital Mortality"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Hospital Mortality"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Hospital Mortality"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Humans </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Humans"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Male" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Male </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Male"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Male"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Middle Aged" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Middle Aged </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Middle Aged"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Middle Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Middle Aged"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Middle+Aged" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Middle Aged"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Middle Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Middle Aged"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Neoplasms / complications" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Neoplasms / complications </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Neoplasms / complications"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fcomplications%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fcomplications%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Neoplasms/complications"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Neoplasms / complications"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Neoplasms" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Neoplasms / complications"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Neoplasms/complications"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Neoplasms/complications"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Neoplasms / epidemiology*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-13" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Neoplasms / epidemiology* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-13" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Neoplasms / epidemiology*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Neoplasms/epidemiology"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Neoplasms / epidemiology*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Neoplasms" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Neoplasms / epidemiology*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Neoplasms/epidemiology"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Neoplasms/epidemiology"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Neoplasms / immunology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Neoplasms / immunology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Neoplasms / immunology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Neoplasms/immunology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Neoplasms / immunology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Neoplasms" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Neoplasms / immunology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Neoplasms/immunology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Neoplasms/immunology"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Patient Admission / statistics & numerical data" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Patient Admission / statistics & numerical data </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-15" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Patient Admission / statistics & numerical data"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Patient+Admission%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Patient+Admission%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Patient Admission/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Patient Admission / statistics & numerical data"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Patient+Admission" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Patient Admission / statistics & numerical data"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Patient Admission/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Patient Admission/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Respiration, Artificial" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-16" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Respiration, Artificial </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-16" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Respiration, Artificial"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Respiration%2C+Artificial%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Respiration%2C+Artificial%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Respiration, Artificial"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Respiration, Artificial"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Respiration%2C+Artificial" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Respiration, Artificial"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Respiration, Artificial"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Respiration, Artificial"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Retrospective Studies" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-17" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Retrospective Studies </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-17" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Retrospective Studies"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Retrospective+Studies%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Retrospective+Studies%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Retrospective Studies"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Retrospective Studies"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Retrospective+Studies" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Retrospective Studies"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Retrospective Studies"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Retrospective Studies"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Risk Factors" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-18" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Risk Factors </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-18" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Risk Factors"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Risk+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Risk+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Risk Factors"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Risk Factors"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Risk+Factors" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Risk Factors"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Risk Factors"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Risk Factors"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword SARS-CoV-2 / immunology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-19" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> SARS-CoV-2 / immunology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-19" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword SARS-CoV-2 / immunology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="SARS-CoV-2/immunology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="SARS-CoV-2 / immunology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=SARS-CoV-2" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="SARS-CoV-2 / immunology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""SARS-CoV-2/immunology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""SARS-CoV-2/immunology"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Severity of Illness Index" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-20" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Severity of Illness Index </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-20" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Severity of Illness Index"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Severity+of+Illness+Index%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Severity+of+Illness+Index%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Severity of Illness Index"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Severity of Illness Index"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Severity+of+Illness+Index" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Severity of Illness Index"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Severity of Illness Index"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Severity of Illness Index"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Social Determinants of Health / statistics & numerical data*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-21" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Social Determinants of Health / statistics & numerical data* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-21" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Social Determinants of Health / statistics & numerical data*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Social+Determinants+of+Health%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Social+Determinants+of+Health%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Social Determinants of Health/statistics and numerical data"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Social Determinants of Health / statistics & numerical data*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Social+Determinants+of+Health" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Social Determinants of Health / statistics & numerical data*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Social Determinants of Health/statistics and numerical data"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Social Determinants of Health/statistics and numerical data"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Socioeconomic Factors*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-22" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Socioeconomic Factors* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-22" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Socioeconomic Factors*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Socioeconomic+Factors%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Socioeconomic+Factors%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Socioeconomic Factors"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Socioeconomic Factors*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Socioeconomic+Factors" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Socioeconomic Factors*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Socioeconomic Factors"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Socioeconomic Factors"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword United States / epidemiology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-23" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> United States / epidemiology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-23" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword United States / epidemiology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22United+States%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22United+States%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="United States/epidemiology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="United States / epidemiology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=United+States" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="United States / epidemiology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""United States/epidemiology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""United States/epidemiology"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="linkout" class="linkout"> <h2 class="title"> LinkOut - more resources </h2> <ul class="linkout-list"><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Full Text Sources</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a href="https://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/34014037" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=6082&uid=34014037&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101747728" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Full Text Sources" data-ga-label="Europe PubMed Central" > Europe PubMed Central </a></li><li><a href="http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=linkout&SEARCH=34014037.ui" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3682&uid=34014037&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101747728" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Full Text Sources" data-ga-label="Ovid Technologies, Inc." > Ovid Technologies, Inc. </a></li><li><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/34014037/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3494&uid=34014037&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101747728" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Full Text Sources" data-ga-label="PubMed Central" > PubMed Central </a></li><li><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cnr2.1388" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3058&uid=34014037&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101747728" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Full Text Sources" data-ga-label="Wiley" > Wiley </a></li></ul></li><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Other Literature Sources</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a href="https://scite.ai/reports/34014037" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=10307&uid=34014037&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101747728" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Other Literature Sources" data-ga-label="scite Smart Citations" > scite Smart Citations </a></li></ul></li><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Medical</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3162&uid=34014037&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101747728" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Medical" data-ga-label="MedlinePlus Health Information" > MedlinePlus Health Information </a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </main> <div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="Full Text Links Dialog"> <div id="full-text-links-dialog" class="dialog full-text-links-dialog"> <strong class="title">Full text links</strong> <button class="close-overlay" tabindex="3">[x]</button> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cnr2.1388" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3058&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=34014037&db=pubmed&nlmid=101747728" title="See full text options at Wiley" tabindex="1" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Wiley" data-ga-label="34014037" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/http:--media.wiley.com-assets-7388-68-wiley-free-full-text.png" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> Wiley </span></a><a class="link-item pmc " href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/34014037/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=34014037&db=pubmed&nlmid=101747728" title="Free full text at PubMed Central" tabindex="2" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMC" data-ga-label="34014037" ><span class="text"> Free PMC article </span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="Citation Dialog"> <div class="dialog citation-dialog"> <button class="close-overlay" tabindex="1">[x]</button> <div class="title">Cite</div> <div class="citation-text-block"> <div class="citation-text"></div> <div class="citation-actions"> <button class="copy-button dialog-focus" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="copy" tabindex="2"> Copy </button> <form method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8oYPFm6IX0QbSHQFOE52NDwNJ8ItxcCfLh4FZ01A7dWc3I24zlOTjOcZdUQ9D28Y"> <button type="submit" class="export-button" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="download" title="Download a file for external citation management software" tabindex="3"> <span class="download-title">Download .nbib</span> <span class="download-title-mobile">.nbib</span> </button> </form> <div class="citation-style-selector-wrapper"> <label class="selector-label">Format:</label> <select aria-label="Format" class="citation-style-selector" tabindex="4"> <option data-style-url-name="ama" value="AMA" > AMA </option> <option data-style-url-name="apa" value="APA" > APA </option> <option data-style-url-name="mla" value="MLA" > MLA </option> <option data-style-url-name="nlm" value="NLM" selected="selected"> NLM </option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="More Actions Dialog"> <div id="more-actions-dialog" class="dialog more-actions-dialog"> <strong class="title">Send To</strong> <ul class="more-actions-links"> <li><a id="clipboard-trigger" role="button" class="submit-button clipboard-trigger clipboard-trigger-target dialog-focus link-item " href="#">Clipboard</a></li> <li><a class="email-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Email</a></li> <li><a class="save-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Save</a></li> <li><a class="link-item" role="button" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F34014037%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li> <li><a class="link-item" role="button" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F34014037%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li> <li><a class="citation-manager-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Citation Manager</a></li> </ul> <button class="close-overlay">[x]</button> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ncbi-footer"> <div class="literature-footer" role="complementary" title="Links to NCBI Literature Resources"> <div class="usa-grid"> <p class="literature-footer-text">NCBI Literature Resources</p> <p class="literature-footer-text"> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/">MeSH</a> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="pmc_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/">PMC</a> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="bookshelf_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books">Bookshelf</a> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" href="/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a> </p> <p class="literature-footer-text attribution-statement">The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.</p> </div> </div>  <footer> <section class="icon-section"> <div id="icon-section-header" class="icon-section_header">Follow NCBI</div> <div class="grid-container container"> <div class="icon-section_container"> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi" aria-label="Twitter"> <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 37" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Twitter</title> <g id="twitterx1008"> <path id="path1008" d="M6.06736 7L16.8778 20.8991L6.00001 32.2H10.2L18.6 23.1L25.668 32.2H34L22.8 17.5L31.9 7H28.4L20.7 15.4L14.401 7H6.06898H6.06736ZM9.66753 8.73423H12.9327L29.7327 30.4658H26.5697L9.66753 8.73423Z" fill="#5B616B"/> </g> </svg> </a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm" aria-label="Facebook"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"> <title>Facebook</title> <path class="cls-11" d="M210.5,115.12H171.74V97.82c0-8.14,5.39-10,9.19-10h27.14V52l-39.32-.12c-35.66,0-42.42,26.68-42.42,43.77v19.48H99.09v36.32h27.24v109h45.41v-109h35Z"> </path> </svg></a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm" aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"> <title>LinkedIn</title> <path class="cls-11" d="M101.64,243.37H57.79v-114h43.85Zm-22-131.54h-.26c-13.25,0-21.82-10.36-21.82-21.76,0-11.65,8.84-21.15,22.33-21.15S101.7,78.72,102,90.38C102,101.77,93.4,111.83,79.63,111.83Zm100.93,52.61A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,163,182v61.39H119.18s.51-105.23,0-114H163v13a54.33,54.33,0,0,1,34.54-12.66c26,0,44.39,18.8,44.39,55.29v58.35H198.1V182A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,180.56,164.44Z"> </path> </svg></a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_github" href="https://github.com/ncbi" aria-label="GitHub"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"> <defs> <style> .cls-11, .cls-12 { fill: #737373; } .cls-11 { fill-rule: evenodd; } </style> </defs> <title>GitHub</title> <path class="cls-11" d="M151.36,47.28a105.76,105.76,0,0,0-33.43,206.1c5.28,1,7.22-2.3,7.22-5.09,0-2.52-.09-10.85-.14-19.69-29.42,6.4-35.63-12.48-35.63-12.48-4.81-12.22-11.74-15.47-11.74-15.47-9.59-6.56.73-6.43.73-6.43,10.61.75,16.21,10.9,16.21,10.9,9.43,16.17,24.73,11.49,30.77,8.79,1-6.83,3.69-11.5,6.71-14.14C108.57,197.1,83.88,188,83.88,147.51a40.92,40.92,0,0,1,10.9-28.39c-1.1-2.66-4.72-13.42,1-28,0,0,8.88-2.84,29.09,10.84a100.26,100.26,0,0,1,53,0C198,88.3,206.9,91.14,206.9,91.14c5.76,14.56,2.14,25.32,1,28a40.87,40.87,0,0,1,10.89,28.39c0,40.62-24.74,49.56-48.29,52.18,3.79,3.28,7.17,9.71,7.17,19.58,0,14.15-.12,25.54-.12,29,0,2.82,1.9,6.11,7.26,5.07A105.76,105.76,0,0,0,151.36,47.28Z"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M85.66,199.12c-.23.52-1.06.68-1.81.32s-1.2-1.06-.95-1.59,1.06-.69,1.82-.33,1.21,1.07.94,1.6Zm-1.3-1"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M90,203.89c-.51.47-1.49.25-2.16-.49a1.61,1.61,0,0,1-.31-2.19c.52-.47,1.47-.25,2.17.49s.82,1.72.3,2.19Zm-1-1.08"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M94.12,210c-.65.46-1.71,0-2.37-.91s-.64-2.07,0-2.52,1.7,0,2.36.89.65,2.08,0,2.54Zm0,0"></path> <path class="cls-12" d="M99.83,215.87c-.58.64-1.82.47-2.72-.41s-1.18-2.06-.6-2.7,1.83-.46,2.74.41,1.2,2.07.58,2.7Zm0,0"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M107.71,219.29c-.26.82-1.45,1.2-2.64.85s-2-1.34-1.74-2.17,1.44-1.23,2.65-.85,2,1.32,1.73,2.17Zm0,0"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M116.36,219.92c0,.87-1,1.59-2.24,1.61s-2.29-.68-2.3-1.54,1-1.59,2.26-1.61,2.28.67,2.28,1.54Zm0,0"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M124.42,218.55c.15.85-.73,1.72-2,1.95s-2.37-.3-2.52-1.14.73-1.75,2-2,2.37.29,2.53,1.16Zm0,0"></path> </svg></a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_blog" href="https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" aria-label="Blog"> <svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#737373;}</style></defs><path class="cls-1" d="M14,30a4,4,0,1,1-4-4,4,4,0,0,1,4,4Zm11,3A19,19,0,0,0,7.05,15a1,1,0,0,0-1,1v3a1,1,0,0,0,.93,1A14,14,0,0,1,20,33.07,1,1,0,0,0,21,34h3a1,1,0,0,0,1-1Zm9,0A28,28,0,0,0,7,6,1,1,0,0,0,6,7v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1A23,23,0,0,1,29,33a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h3A1,1,0,0,0,34,33Z"/></svg> </a> </div> </div> </section> <section class="container-fluid bg-primary"> <div class="container pt-5"> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12"> <p><a class="text-white" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">Connect with NLM</a></p> <ul class="list-inline social_media"> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" aria-label="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 38 35" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Twitter</title> <g id="twitterx1009" clip-path="url(#clip0_65276_3946)"> <path id="Vector" d="M17.5006 34.6565C26.9761 34.6565 34.6575 26.9751 34.6575 17.4996C34.6575 8.02416 26.9761 0.342773 17.5006 0.342773C8.02514 0.342773 0.34375 8.02416 0.34375 17.4996C0.34375 26.9751 8.02514 34.6565 17.5006 34.6565Z" fill="#205493" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-miterlimit="10"></path> <path id="path1009" d="M8.54811 8.5L16.2698 18.4279L8.50001 26.5H11.5L17.5 20L22.5486 26.5H28.5L20.5 16L27 8.5H24.5L19 14.5L14.5007 8.5H8.54927H8.54811ZM11.1197 9.73873H13.4519L25.4519 25.2613H23.1926L11.1197 9.73873Z" fill="white"></path> </g> <defs> <clipPath id="clip0_65276_3946"> <rect width="38" height="38" fill="white"></rect> </clipPath> </defs> </svg></a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve"> <style type="text/css"> .st10 { fill: #FFFFFF; } .st110 { fill: none; stroke: #FFFFFF; stroke-width: 8; stroke-miterlimit: 10; } </style> <title>SM-Facebook</title> <g> <g> <path class="st10" d="M159,99.1h-24V88.4c0-5,3.3-6.2,5.7-6.2h16.8V60l-24.4-0.1c-22.1,0-26.2,16.5-26.2,27.1v12.1H90v22.5h16.9 v67.5H135v-67.5h21.7L159,99.1z"></path> </g> </g> <circle class="st110" cx="123.6" cy="123.2" r="108.2"></circle> </svg> </a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" aria-label="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve"> <title>SM-Youtube</title> <style type="text/css"> .st4 { fill: none; stroke: #FFFFFF; stroke-width: 8; stroke-miterlimit: 10; } .st5 { fill: #FFFFFF; } </style> <circle class="st4" cx="124.2" cy="123.4" r="108.2"></circle> <g transform="translate(0,-952.36218)"> <path class="st5" d="M88.4,1037.4c-10.4,0-18.7,8.3-18.7,18.7v40.1c0,10.4,8.3,18.7,18.7,18.7h72.1c10.4,0,18.7-8.3,18.7-18.7 v-40.1c0-10.4-8.3-18.7-18.7-18.7H88.4z M115.2,1058.8l29.4,17.4l-29.4,17.4V1058.8z"></path> </g> </svg></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12"> <p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br> <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br> Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg"> <p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br> <a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br> <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg"> <p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg"> <nav class="bottom-links"> <ul class="mt-3"> <li> <a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </section> </footer>   <script type="text/javascript"> var nwds_version = "1.2.3"; var meta_nwds_ver = document.createElement('meta'); meta_nwds_ver.name = 'ncbi_nwds_ver'; meta_nwds_ver.content = nwds_version; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds_ver); var meta_nwds = document.createElement('meta'); meta_nwds.name = 'ncbi_nwds'; meta_nwds.content = 'yes'; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds); var alertsUrl = "/core/alerts/alerts.js"; if (typeof ncbiBaseUrl !== 'undefined') { alertsUrl = ncbiBaseUrl + alertsUrl; } </script> </div>  <script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/js/output.293fbf76aa18.js"></script>  <script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/js/output.550e9c8906a2.js"></script> <script> ncbi.awesome.basePage.init({ userInfo: { isLoggedIn: false, username: "", loginUrl: "https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F34014037%2F", logoutUrl: "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34014037/" }, baseUrl: 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov', noSessionCookieName: "pm-ns", searchIdCookieName: "pm-sid", adjNavSearchIdCookieName: "pm-adjnav-sid", searchFormSubmittedCookieName: "pm-sfs", isOnSearchPageCookieName: "pm-iosp", backToSearchCookieName: "pm-btsl", clinicalSeeAllCookieName: "pm-csa", jsCookieDomain: "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", userShareRequestFailed: "", noSharedSettings: "myncbi_no_shared_settings", noSharedAccount: "myncbi_no_shared_account" }); </script> <script type="module"> import dismissableNCBIAlert from "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/core/dismissable-ncbi-alert.js"; jQuery.getScript("https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/alerts/alerts.js", function () { galert(['body > *:last-child']); dismissableNCBIAlert(); }).fail(function() { }); </script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/pinger/pinger.js"> </script> <script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/js/output.04d45d85d031.js"></script> <script> ncbi.awesome.articlePage.init({ baseSuggestionsUrl: "/suggestions/", mathJaxUrl: "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/mathjax/unpacked/MathJax.js?config=MML_CHTML", clipboardAPIRoot: "/ajax/clipboard/", clipboardNextPageUrl: "/clipboard-next-page/", searchIdCookieName: "pm-sid", searchFormSubmittedCookieName: "pm-sfs", backToSearchCookieName: "pm-btsl", jsCookieDomain: "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", longTermPrefix: "longquery", adjNavURLPath: "/34014037/adj-nav/", adjNavSearchIdCookieName: "pm-adjnav-sid", articlePageUrl: "/34014037/", markJSUrl: "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/mark.js/dist/jquery.mark.js", termHighlightColor: "", highlightedTokens: "", citeFormatPreferenceCookieName: "pm-cf" }); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Rapid real-world data analysis of patients with cancer, with and without COVID-19, across distinct health systems - PubMed