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class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Carte inversée</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carte_invers%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Carte+invers%C3%A9e&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Suivre</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Carte_invers%C3%A9e&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modifier</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>Une <b>carte inversée</b> est une carte du monde qui utilise une représentation inverse de celle traditionnellement utilisée : le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sud">sud</a> y est orienté vers le haut de la carte et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord">nord</a> vers le bas.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Reversed_Earth_map_1000x500.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Reversed_Earth_map_1000x500.jpg/300px-Reversed_Earth_map_1000x500.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Reversed_Earth_map_1000x500.jpg/450px-Reversed_Earth_map_1000x500.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Reversed_Earth_map_1000x500.jpg/600px-Reversed_Earth_map_1000x500.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></a> <figcaption> Exemple de carte inversée. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Ce genre de cartes est généralement utilisé en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australie">Australie</a>, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouvelle-Zélande">Nouvelle-Zélande</a>, ainsi que dans d'autres pays de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9misph%C3%A8re_sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hémisphère sud">hémisphère sud</a>. La carte y est généralement centrée sur l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonésie">Indonésie</a> ou l'Australie avec l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europe">Europe</a> et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Am%C3%A9rique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amérique">Amérique</a> sur les côtés. Certaines cartes gardent cependant le méridien de Greenwich en leur centre.</p> <p>En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australie">Australie</a>, on utilise encore ce genre de carte à la fin des années 1970<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carte_invers%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le gouvernement voulait alors raviver le sentiment patriotique des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australiens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australiens">Australiens</a> en leur montrant qu'ils pouvaient être au centre du monde.</p> <p>C'est au <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle qu'on utilise pour la première fois ce genre de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cartographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cartographie">cartographie</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carte_invers%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Histoire"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Histoire</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carte_invers%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carte_invers%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Expression_artistique"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Expression artistique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carte_invers%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_internes"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Liens internes</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carte_invers%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carte_invers%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Références</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Carte_invers%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>C'est en 1154 qu'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al_Idrissi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al Idrissi">Al-Idrisi</a>, cartographe et explorateur du <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, dessine la première carte du monde. Cette carte du monde avait le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%B4le_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pôle Sud">pôle Sud</a> vers le haut, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%B4le_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pôle Nord">pôle Nord</a> vers le bas et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaaba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaaba">Kaabah</a> était dans le centre.</p> <p>Plus tard, les cartographes occidentaux ont tourné la carte à l'envers, le pôle Nord était vers le haut et le pôle Sud vers le bas, mais la Kaabah était toujours au centre.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style></p> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Reversed_maps?uselang%3Dfr">Carte inversée</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <p>En 1979, McArthur sort la <i>McArthur's Universal Corrective Map of the World</i> qui place l'Australie et le sud en haut.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Carte_invers%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Expression_artistique">Expression artistique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Carte_invers%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Expression artistique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><i>The Inversion of the World</i>, 1988, installation par Richard Purdy.</li> <li><i>Qui a dit que le Nord est en haut ?,</i> 2016, céramique monumentale par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Rouge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Rouge">Ligne Rouge</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Pavageau_aka_Ligne_Rouge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Pavageau aka Ligne Rouge">Louis Pavageau aka Ligne Rouge</a>).</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_internes">Liens internes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Carte_invers%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens internes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Projection_cartographique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Projection cartographique">Projection cartographique</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Carte_invers%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul> <li>Mappemonde Inversée : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://21maps.com/monde-a-lenvers">Le Monde à l'Envers</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.flourish.org/upsidedownmap/"><i>The Upsidedown Map Page</i></a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.numag.neu.edu/0303/world.html"><i>The World Turned Upside Down</i></a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Carte_invers%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carte_invers%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2017">« <cite style="font-style:normal">Le monde à l'envers — ou pourquoi le nord est en haut d'une carte. • 21Maps</cite> », <i>21Maps</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-18" data-sort-value="2017-12-18">18 décembre 2017</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://21maps.com/monde-a-lenvers">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-18" data-sort-value="2017-12-18">18 décembre 2017</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Le+monde+%C3%A0+l%27envers+%E2%80%94+ou+pourquoi+le+nord+est+en+haut+d%27une+carte.+%E2%80%A2+21Maps&rft.jtitle=21Maps&rft.date=2017-12-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ACarte+invers%C3%A9e"></span></span>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Cartographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la cartographie"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Circle-icons-map.svg/24px-Circle-icons-map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 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invertíu – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mapa invertíu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587evrilmi%25C5%259F_co%25C4%259Frafi_x%25C9%2599rit%25C9%2599l%25C9%2599r" title="Çevrilmiş coğrafi xəritələr – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çevrilmiş coğrafi xəritələr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ges%25C3%25BCdete_Karte" title="Gesüdete Karte – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gesüdete Karte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2594%25CE%25B9%25CE%25AC%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BE%25CE%25B7_%25CF%2587%25CE%25AC%25CF%2581%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7_%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B5_%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BD_%25CE%25BD%25CF%258C%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF_%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BD_%25CE%25BA%25CE%25BF%25CF%2581%25CF%2585%25CF%2586%25CE%25AE" title="Διάταξη χάρτη με τον νότο στην κορυφή – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διάταξη χάρτη με τον νότο στην κορυφή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South-up_map_orientation" title="South-up map orientation – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="South-up map orientation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapa_invertido" title="Mapa invertido – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mapa invertido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B1%25D5%25B7%25D5%25AD%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A3%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25B7%25D6%2580%25D5%25BB%25D5%25BE%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AE_%25D6%2584%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A5%25D5%25A6" title="Աշխարհագրական շրջված քարտեզ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աշխարհագրական շրջված քարտեզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peta_terbalik" title="Peta terbalik – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peta terbalik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapa_w_orientacji_po%25C5%2582udniowej" title="Mapa w orientacji południowej – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mapa w orientacji południowej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapa_invertido" title="Mapa invertido – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mapa invertido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart%25C4%2583_inversat%25C4%2583" title="Hartă inversată – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hartă inversată" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D1%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0" title="Перевёрнутая географическая карта – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перевёрнутая географическая карта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D1%2596%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0" title="Перевернута географічна карта – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перевернута географічна карта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258D%2597%25E4%25B8%258A%25E5%258C%2597%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%259C%25B0%25E5%259C%2596" title="南上北下地圖 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南上北下地圖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 10 mars 2023 à 04:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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