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Asahi characters - Wikipedia

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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b><i>Asahi</i> characters</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">朝日文字</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Asahi moji</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> are forms of <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> particular to the <i><a href="/wiki/Asahi_Shimbun" class="mw-redirect" title="Asahi Shimbun">Asahi Shimbun</a></i> newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Unlike <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a>, where simplifications apply to all characters, the general custom in Japanese publications is to print <i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jōyō kanji">jōyō</a></i>/<a href="/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji"><i>jinmeiyō</i> kanji</a> in simplified <i><a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">shinjitai</a></i> forms, and to print <i><a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgai_kanji" title="Hyōgai kanji">hyōgaiji</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">表外字</span></span>, characters outside both lists) using their original, unsimplified <i><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai" title="Kyūjitai">kyūjitai</a></i> forms. For example, the <i>jōyō kanji</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">齊</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">齋</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">劑</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">濟</span></span> are printed in their <i>shinjitai</i> forms <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">斉</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">斎</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">剤</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">済</span></span>, but the <i>hyōgaiji</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">臍</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">纃</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">薺</span></span> (also containing <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">齊</span></span>, making simplification possible) remain unsimplified. </p><p>The <i>Asahi Shimbun</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s policy, however, is always to simplify <i>hyōgaiji</i> in print on the model of <i>shinjitai</i> simplifications. For example, in <i>Asahi Shimbun</i> newspaper publications, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">臍</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">heso</i></span>, "navel") would be printed as <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">𦜝</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_character_description_languages#Ideographic_Description_Sequences" title="Chinese character description languages">⿰</a>月斉</span></span>), and <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">齟齬</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sogo</i></span>, "discord") would be printed as <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">𪗱𪘚</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">⿰歯且⿰歯吾</span></span>). These simplifications are known as "Asahi characters". This policy is said<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (September 2024)">by whom?</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> to have been adopted because in the age of <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a>-based<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="Newspapers weren&#39;t printed with typewriters, nor was Japanese written with them. (April 2023)">dubious</span></a>&#32;&#8211; <a href="/wiki/Talk:Asahi_characters#Typewriter-based_printing?" title="Talk:Asahi characters">discuss</a></i>&#93;</sup> printing, more complicated kanji could not be clearly printed. This newspaper also is currently the only publication using this simplification practice. These simplifications are not used in other publications by the Asahi Shimbun company. </p><p>Some of these Asahi simplifications have been included in the <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a> and above character sets, and even more (although lesser supported) are included in Unicode. Some Asahi characters have become the de facto standard forms as a result of their inclusion in the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Industrial_Standards" title="Japanese Industrial Standards">JIS</a> standards (likely because the simplified forms are easier to display at lower sizes and resolutions), for example <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">鹸</span></span> in <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">石鹸</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sekken</i></span>, "soap"), the <i>kyūjitai</i> form <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">鹼</span></span> not being included until later versions. The character <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">葛</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">kuzu</i></span>, "arrowroot") has become a source of controversy, as only the simplified form was included in the JIS standards; the <i>kyūjitai</i> form (using <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">曷</span></span>) being added as a result of protest from people living in areas or with given names using this character. Simplification of the <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">辶</span></span> and <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">示</span></span> radicals is also observed by other newspaper companies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asahi_characters&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_shinjitai" title="Extended shinjitai">Extended <i>shinjitai</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asahi_characters&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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