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pigments</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: fungal pigments"> <meta name="keywords" content="fungal pigments"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="fungal pigments"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 467</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fungal pigments</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">467</span> Fungal Pigments For Fabrics Dyeing: Initial Tests Using Industrial Dyeing Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vicente%20A.%20Hernandez">Vicente A. Hernandez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felipe%20Galleguillos"> Felipe Galleguillos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rene%20Thibaut"> Rene Thibaut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alejandro%20Muller"> Alejandro Muller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural pigments have been proposed as an eco-friendly alternative to artificial pigments. Among the diverse organisms able to synthesize natural pigments, several wood colonizing fungi produce extracellular pigments which have been tested to dye fabrics at laboratory conditions with good results. However, the dyeing conditions used at laboratory level not necessary meet the real conditions in which dyeing of fabrics is conducted at industrial level. In this work, yellow and red pigments from the fungi Penicillium murcianum and Talaromyces australis, respectively, were used to dye yarn and linen fabrics using dyeing processes optimized according to the standard conditions used at industrial level. After dyeing treatments, fabrics were tested for color fastness to wash and to wet and dry rubbing, but also to tensile strength tests. Satisfactory result was obtained with both yellow and red pigments in yarn and linen, when used alone or mixed to different proportions. According to these results, natural pigments synthesized by both wood colonizing fungi have a great potential to be used in dyeing processes at industrial level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20pigments" title="natural pigments">natural pigments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20pigments" title=" fungal pigments"> fungal pigments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yarn" title=" yarn"> yarn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linen" title=" linen"> linen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65402/fungal-pigments-for-fabrics-dyeing-initial-tests-using-industrial-dyeing-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">466</span> Optimization of Monascus Orange Pigments Production Using pH-Controlled Fed-Batch Fermentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Min%20Kim">Young Min Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deokyeong%20Choe"> Deokyeong Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Soo%20Shin"> Chul Soo Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Monascus pigments, commonly used as a natural colorant in Asia, have many biological activities, such as cholesterol level control, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidant, that have recently been elucidated. Especially, amino acid derivatives of Monascus pigments are receiving much attention because they have higher biological activities than original Monascus pigments. Previously, there have been two ways to produce amino acid derivatives: one-step production and two-step production. However, the one-step production has low purity, and the two-step production—precursor(orange pigments) fermentation and derivatives synthesis—has low productivity and growth rate during its precursor fermentation step. In this study, it was verified that pH is a key factor that affects the stability of orange pigments and the growth rate of Monascus. With an optimal pH profile obtained by pH-stat fermentation, we designed a process of precursor(orange pigments) fermentation that is a pH-controlled fed-batch fermentation. The final concentration of orange pigments in this process increased to 5.5g/L which is about 30% higher than the concentration produced from the previously used precursor fermentation step. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivation%20process" title="cultivation process">cultivation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fed-batch%20fermentation" title=" fed-batch fermentation"> fed-batch fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monascus%20pigments" title=" monascus pigments"> monascus pigments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH%20stability" title=" pH stability"> pH stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55435/optimization-of-monascus-orange-pigments-production-using-ph-controlled-fed-batch-fermentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">465</span> Investigation of Chlorophylls a and b Interaction with Inner and Outer Surfaces of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dehestani">M. Dehestani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ghasemi-Kooch"> M. Ghasemi-Kooch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, adsorption of chlorophylls a and b pigments in aqueous solution on the inner and outer surfaces of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) has been studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The linear interaction energy algorithm has been used to calculate the binding free energy. The results show that the adsorption of two pigments is fine on the both positions. Although there is the close similarity between these two pigments, their interaction with the nanotube is different. This result is useful to separate these pigments from one another. According to interaction energy between the pigments and carbon nanotube, interaction between these pigments-SWCNT on the inner surface is stronger than the outer surface. The interaction of SWCNT with chlorophylls phytol tail is stronger than the interaction of SWCNT with porphyrin ring of chlorophylls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorophyll" title=" chlorophyll"> chlorophyll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamics simulation"> molecular dynamics simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotube" title=" nanotube"> nanotube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78825/investigation-of-chlorophylls-a-and-b-interaction-with-inner-and-outer-surfaces-of-single-walled-carbon-nanotube-using-molecular-dynamics-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">464</span> Characterization of Pigments in an Egyptian Icon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abd%20Elfattah%20Ibraheem%20Elghrbawy">Mohamed Abd Elfattah Ibraheem Elghrbawy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Icons are a significant group of cultural heritage objects that deserve to be maintained and conserved, as these ions are performed according to religious standards and norms. The ideal structure of icons is five strata, the lower layer is a wood plate, and the upper layer is the varnish layer that is exposed to photo-oxidation, that is turned into a fragile yellow layer. In addition, the components of the icons are important in dating these ions, so X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) patterns were used. SEM-EDX pattern revealed that the red pigment was vermillion (HgS), that was used in the late period, with a slight difference from the synthesized pigment. Pigments were subjected to chromatic alteration due to different agents, such as microbial agents and pollutants, in particular SO₂, whereas the pigment-based pigments are more sensitive. Moreover, cleaning, varnish removal, and retouching are important processes in the conservation of icons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title="conservation">conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage" title=" cultural heritage"> cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egyptian%20icon" title=" Egyptian icon"> Egyptian icon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigments" title=" pigments"> pigments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167815/characterization-of-pigments-in-an-egyptian-icon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">463</span> Ergosterol Regulated Functioning of Rubisco in Tomato</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabir%20Kumar%20Paul">Prabir Kumar Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joyeeta%20Mitra"> Joyeeta Mitra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ergosterol, is an important fungal metabolite on phylloplane which is not synthesised by plants. However, the functional requirement of ergosterol to the plants is still an enigma. Being ubiquitously present in all plants except algae needs an insight into its physiological implication. The present study aimed at understanding if and how ergosterol influences the physiology of chloroplast particularly the activity of RuBisCo and carbonic anhydrase. The concept of the study was based on one of our earlier observation of enhanced Hills reaction in plants treated with fungal metabolites which contained ergosterol. The fungal metabolite treated plants had a significantly high concentration of photosynthetic pigments. Eight-week-old tomato plants raised under aseptic conditions at 25 + 10 C, 75 % relative humidity and 12 hour L/D photoperiod. Metabolites of Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum were sprayed on plants either singly or in a 1: 1 combination. A separate group of plants was also treated with 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0. 7.0 mg ergosterol / ml of n- heptane. Control plants were treated with sterile distilled water only. Plants were sampled at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of treatment. RuBisCo and carbonic anhydrase was estimated from sampled leaves. RuBisCo was separated on 1D SDS-PAGE and subjected to MALDI – TOF- TOF – MS analysis. The presence of ergosterol in fungal metabolites was confirmed. Fungal metabolites significantly enhanced the concentration and activity of RuBisCo and carbonic anhydrase. The Vmax activity of the enzymes was significantly high in metabolite treated plants. 1:1 mix of metabolite was more effective than when applied individually. Insilico analysis revealed, RuBisCo subunits had a binding site for ergosterol and in its presence affinity of Co2 to the enzyme increased by several folds. Invivo activity of RuBisCo was significantly elicited by ergosterol. Results of the present study indicate that ergosterol from phylloplane microfungi probably regulates the binding of Co2 to RuBisCo along with activity of carbonic anhydrase thereby modulating the physiology of choloroplast. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonic%20anhydrase" title="carbonic anhydrase">carbonic anhydrase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergosterol" title=" ergosterol"> ergosterol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylloplane" title=" phylloplane"> phylloplane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RuBisCo" title=" RuBisCo"> RuBisCo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60882/ergosterol-regulated-functioning-of-rubisco-in-tomato" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">462</span> Evaluation of Negative Air Ions in Bioaerosol Removal: Indoor Concentration of Airborne Bacterial and Fungal in Residential Building in Qom City, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Asadgol">Z. Asadgol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nadali"> A. Nadali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Arfaeinia"> H. Arfaeinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khalifeh%20Gholi"> M. Khalifeh Gholi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Fateh"> R. Fateh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fahiminia"> M. Fahiminia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present investigation was conducted to detect the type and concentrations of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in one room (bedroom) of each selected residential building located in different regions of Qom during February 2015 (n=9) to July 2016 (n=11). Moreover, we evaluated the efficiency of negative air ions (NAIs) in bioaerosol reduction in indoor air in residential buildings. In the first step, the mean concentrations of bacterial and fungal in nine sampling sites evaluated in winter were 744 and 579 colony forming units (CFU)/m<sup>3</sup>, while these values were 1628.6 and 231 CFU/m<sup>3</sup> in the 11 sampling sites evaluated in summer, respectively. The most predominant genera between bacterial and fungal in all sampling sites were detected as <em>Micrococcus</em> spp. and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. and also, <em>Aspergillus</em> spp. and <em>Penicillium</em> spp., respectively. The 95% and 45% of sampling sites have bacterial and fungal concentrations over the recommended levels, respectively. In the removal step, we achieved a reduction with a range of 38% to 93% for bacterial genera and 25% to 100% for fungal genera by using NAIs. The results suggested that NAI is a highly effective, simple and efficient technique in reducing the bacterial and fungal concentration in the indoor air of residential buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial" title="bacterial">bacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal" title=" fungal"> fungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20air%20ions%20%28NAIs%29" title=" negative air ions (NAIs)"> negative air ions (NAIs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air" title=" indoor air"> indoor air</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76068/evaluation-of-negative-air-ions-in-bioaerosol-removal-indoor-concentration-of-airborne-bacterial-and-fungal-in-residential-building-in-qom-city-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">461</span> Functionalization of Single-Walled Nanotubes by Synthesied Pigments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahab%20Zomorodbakhsh">Shahab Zomorodbakhsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayron%20Nesa%20Motevasel"> Hayron Nesa Motevasel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water soluble compoundes were attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to form water-soluble nano pigments. functionalized SWNTs were then characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, UV analysis, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)and defunctionalization test and Representative results concerning the solubility. The product can be dissolved in water and High-resolution transmission electron microscope images showed that the SWNTs were efficiently functionalized, thus the p-stacking interaction between aromatic rings and COOH of SWNTs was considered responsible for the high solubility and High transmission electron in singlewall nanotubes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionalized%20CNTs" title="functionalized CNTs">functionalized CNTs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singlewalled%20carbon%20nanotubes" title=" singlewalled carbon nanotubes"> singlewalled carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20soluble%20compoundes" title=" water soluble compoundes"> water soluble compoundes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20pigments" title=" nano pigments"> nano pigments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22309/functionalization-of-single-walled-nanotubes-by-synthesied-pigments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">460</span> Isolation and Molecular Identification of Two Fungal Strains Capable of Degrading hydrocarbon Contaminants on Saudi Arabian Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20A.%20EL%20Hanafy">Amr A. EL Hanafy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Anwar"> Yasir Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20A.%20Mohamed"> Saleh A. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Mohamed%20Saleh%20Al-Garni"> Saleh Mohamed Saleh Al-Garni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20S.%20M.%20Sabir"> Jamal S. M. Sabir </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20A.%20H.%20Abu%20Zinadah"> Osama A. H. Abu Zinadah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Morsi%20Ahmed"> Mohamed Morsi Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the vicinity of the red sea about 15 fungi species were isolated from oil contaminated sites. On the basis of aptitude to degrade the crude oil and DCPIP assay, two fungal isolates were selected amongst 15 oil degrading strains. Analysis of ITS-1, ITS-2 and amplicon pyrosequencing studies of fungal diversity revealed that these strains belong to Penicillium and Aspergillus species. Two strains that proved to be the most efficient in degrading crude oil was Aspergillus niger (54 %) and Penicillium commune (48 %) Subsequent to two weeks of cultivation in BHS medium the degradation rate were recorded by using spectrophotometer and GC-MS. Hence, it is cleared that these fungal strains has the capability of degradation and can be utilized for cleaning the Saudi Arabian environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20%20strains" title="fungal strains">fungal strains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocarbon%20contaminants" title=" hydrocarbon contaminants"> hydrocarbon contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20identification" title=" molecular identification"> molecular identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title=" biodegradation"> biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36036/isolation-and-molecular-identification-of-two-fungal-strains-capable-of-degrading-hydrocarbon-contaminants-on-saudi-arabian-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">459</span> Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Photosynthesis Pigments, Proline Accumulation and Oil Quantity of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in Flowering and Seed Formation Stages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Batoul%20Mohamed%20Abdullatif">Batoul Mohamed Abdullatif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouf%20Ali%20Asiri"> Nouf Ali Asiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> O. basilicum plant was subjected to deficit irrigation using four treatments viz. control, irrigated with 70% of soil water capacity (SWC), Treatment 1, irrigated with 50% SWC, Treatment 2, irrigated with 30% SWC and Treatment 3, irrigated with 10 % SWC. Photosynthesis pigments viz. chlorophyll a, b, and the carotenoids, proline accumulation, and oil quantity were investigated under these irrigation treatments. The results indicate that photosynthesis pigments and oil content of deficit irrigation treatments did not significantly reduced than that of the full irrigation control. Photosynthesis pigments were affected by the stage of growth and not by irrigation treatments. They were high during flowering stage and low during seed formation stage for all treatments. The lowest irrigation plants (10 % SWC) achieved, during flowering stage, 0.72 mg\g\fresh weight of chlorophyll a, compared to 0.43 mg\g\fresh weight in control plant, 0.40 mg\g\fresh weight of chlorophyll b, compared to 0.19 mg\g\fresh weight in control plants and 0.29 mg\g\fresh weight of carotenoids, compared to 0.21 mg\g\fresh weight in control plants. It has been shown that reduced irrigation rates tend to enhance O. basilicum to have high oil quantity reaching a value of 63.37 % in a very low irrigation rate (10 % SWC) compared to 45.38 of control in seeds. Proline was shown to be accumulated in roots to almost double the amount in shoot during flowering stage in treatment 3. This accumulation seems to have a pronounce effect on O. basilicum acclimation to deficit irrigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deficit%20irrigation" title="deficit irrigation">deficit irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthesis%20pigments" title=" photosynthesis pigments"> photosynthesis pigments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proline%20accumulation" title=" proline accumulation"> proline accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20quantity" title=" oil quantity"> oil quantity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sweet%20basil%20flowering%20formation" title=" sweet basil flowering formation"> sweet basil flowering formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20formation" title=" seed formation"> seed formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2422/effect-of-deficit-irrigation-on-photosynthesis-pigments-proline-accumulation-and-oil-quantity-of-sweet-basil-ocimum-basilicum-l-in-flowering-and-seed-formation-stages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">458</span> Fungi Isolated from House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on Penned Cattle in South Texas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherity%20A.%20Ysquierdo">Cherity A. Ysquierdo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pia%20U.%20Olafson"> Pia U. Olafson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donald%20B.%20Thomas"> Donald B. Thomas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Musca domestica L. were collected from cattle diagnosed with bovine ringworm to evaluate the potential of the house fly to disseminate Trichophyton verrucosum E. Bodin, a fungal dermatophyte that is the causative agent for ringworm in cattle. Fungal isolates were cultured from 45 individual flies on supplemented Sabouraud dextrose agar, and isolates were identified using morphological and microscopic approaches. Each isolate was further identified by PCR amplification of the ribosomal DNA locus with fungal specific primers and subsequent amplicon sequencing. No T. verrucosum were identified using these approaches. However, 36 different fungal species representing 17 genera were cultured from these flies, including several allergenic and pathogenic species. Several species within the fungal orders Hypocreales, Microascales, Onygenales, Saccharomycetales, Xylaniales, and Agaricales were observed for the first time on house flies. The most frequent fungus recovered was Cladosporium cladosporoides, which is known to be a ubiquitous, airborne allergen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bovine%20ringworm" title="bovine ringworm">bovine ringworm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cladosporium" title=" Cladosporium"> Cladosporium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermatophyte" title=" dermatophyte"> dermatophyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musca%20domestica" title=" Musca domestica"> Musca domestica</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60294/fungi-isolated-from-house-flies-diptera-muscidae-on-penned-cattle-in-south-texas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">457</span> Analyzing Antimicrobial Power of Cotula cinerea Essential Oil: Case of Western Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdenbi">A. Abdenbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Dennai"> B. Dennai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Touati"> B. Touati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bouaaza"> M. Bouaaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Saad"> A. Saad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The essential oils of many plants have become popular in recent years and their bioactive principles have recently won several industry sectors, however their use as antibacterial and anti fungal agents has been reported. This study focuses on the physico chemical and phyto chemical with a study of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of aromatic and medicinal plant of southwest Algeria, this essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation of aerial parts of Cotula cinerea, belonging to the Asteraceae family, it is very extensive in the spring season in a region called Kenadza road, located 12km from Bechar. Variable anti fungal activity of the essential oil of Cotula cinerea (yield 2%) were revealed about four fungal strains, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of essential oils were determined by the method of dilution in agar. Significant fungal sensitivity of Penicillium sp with an inhibition of 32.3 mm area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cotula%20cinerea" title="Cotula cinerea">Cotula cinerea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physico-%20chemical%20analysis%20and%20phyto-%20chemical" title=" physico- chemical analysis and phyto- chemical"> physico- chemical analysis and phyto- chemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti%20fungal%20power" title=" anti fungal power"> anti fungal power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19795/analyzing-antimicrobial-power-of-cotula-cinerea-essential-oil-case-of-western-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">456</span> Isolation and Screening of Fungal Strains for β-Galactosidase Production </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parmjit%20S.%20Panesar">Parmjit S. Panesar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rupinder%20Kaur"> Rupinder Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20S.%20Singh"> Ram S. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enzymes are the biocatalysts which catalyze the biochemical processes and thus have a wide variety of applications in the industrial sector. <em>β</em>-Galactosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.23) also known as lactase, is one of the prime enzymes, which has significant potential in the dairy and food processing industries. It has the capability to catalyze both the hydrolytic reaction for the production of lactose hydrolyzed milk and transgalactosylation reaction for the synthesis of prebiotics such as lactulose and galactooligosaccharides. These prebiotics have various nutritional and technological benefits. Although, the enzyme is naturally present in almonds, peaches, apricots and other variety of fruits and animals, the extraction of enzyme from these sources increases the cost of enzyme. Therefore, focus has been shifted towards the production of low cost enzyme from the microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and fungi. As compared to yeast and bacteria, fungal <em>β</em>-galactosidase is generally preferred as being extracellular and thermostable in nature. Keeping the above in view, the present study was carried out for the isolation of the <em>β</em>-galactosidase producing fungal strain from the food as well as the agricultural wastes. A total of more than 100 fungal cultures were examined for their potential in enzyme production. All the fungal strains were screened using X-gal and IPTG as inducers in the modified Czapek Dox Agar medium. Among the various isolated fungal strains, the strain exhibiting the highest enzyme activity was chosen for further phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The strain was identified as <em>Rhizomucor pusillus </em>on the basis of 5.8s RNA gene sequencing data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta-galactosidase" title="beta-galactosidase">beta-galactosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme" title=" enzyme"> enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal" title=" fungal"> fungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50588/isolation-and-screening-of-fungal-strains-for-v-galactosidase-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">455</span> Lifestyle Switching Phenomenon of Plant Associated Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gauravi%20Agarkar">Gauravi Agarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahendra%20Rai"> Mahendra Rai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fungi are closely associated with the plants in various types of interactions such as mycorrhizal, parasitic or endophytic. Some of these interactions are beneficial and a few are harmful to the host plants. It has been suggested that these plant-associated fungi are able to change their lifestyle abd this means endophyte may become parasite or vice versa. This phenomenon may have profound effect on plant-fungal interactions and various ecological niches. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors that trigger the change in fungal lifestyle and understand whether these different lifestyles are interconnected at some points either by physiological, biochemical or molecular routes. This review summarizes the factors affecting plant fungal interactions and discusses the possible mechanisms for lifestyles switching of fungi based on available experimental evidences. Research should be boosted in this direction to fetch more advantages in future and to avoid the severe consequences in agriculture and other related fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic" title="endophytic">endophytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle%20switching" title=" lifestyle switching"> lifestyle switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycorrhizal" title=" mycorrhizal"> mycorrhizal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasitic" title=" parasitic"> parasitic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-fungal%20interactions" title=" plant-fungal interactions"> plant-fungal interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23774/lifestyle-switching-phenomenon-of-plant-associated-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">454</span> Late Bronze Age Pigments: Characterization of Mycenaean Pottery with Multi-Analytical Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elif%20Do%C4%9Fru">Elif Doğru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%C3%BClent%20K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lduman"> Bülent Kızılduman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huriye%20%C4%B0cil"> Huriye İcil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Throughout history, Cyprus has been involved in various commercial and cultural relationships with different civilizations, owing to its strategic location. Particularly during the Late Bronze Age, Cyprus emerged as a significant region engaged in interactions with the Mycenaeans and other Mediterranean civilizations. Presently, findings from archaeological excavations provide valuable insights into Cyprus' cultural history and its connections with other civilizations. Painted Mycenaean ceramics discovered during the excavations at Kaleburnu-Kral Tepesi (Galinaporni-Vasili), dated to the Late Bronze Age in Cyprus, are considered significant archaeological findings that carry traces of the art and culture of that era, reflecting the island's commercial and cultural connections. Considering these findings, there is a need for archaeometric studies to aid in the understanding of the commercial and cultural ties at Kaleburnu-Kral Tepesi. In line with this need, analytical studies have been initiated concerning the provenance and production techniques of the Mycenaean ceramics discovered in the excavations at Kaleburnu-Kral Tepesi, dated to the Late Bronze Age. In the context of origin analysis studies, it is advocated that understanding the techniques and materials used for the figures and designs applied on Mycenaean ceramics would significantly contribute to a better comprehension of historical contexts. Hence, the adopted approach involves not only the analysis of the ceramic raw material but also the characterization of the pigments on the ceramics as a whole. In light of this, in addition to the studies aimed at determining the provenance and production techniques of the Mycenaean ceramic bodies, the characterization of the pigments used in the decorations of the relevant ceramics has been included in the research scope. Accordingly, this study aims to characterize the pigments used in the decorations of Mycenaean ceramics discovered at Kaleburnu-Kral Tepesi, dated to the Late Bronze Age. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) methods have been employed to determine the surface morphology and chemical properties of the Mycenaean pigments. The characterization has been conducted through the combination of multiple analytical methods. The characterization of the pigments of Mycenaean ceramics aims to enhance the scientific perspective adopted for understanding the contributions of Mycenaean ceramics found in Cyprus to the island's culture, by providing scientific data on the types and origins of pigments used during the Late Bronze Age. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycenaean" title="mycenaean">mycenaean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic" title=" ceramic"> ceramic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=provenance" title=" provenance"> provenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigment" title=" pigment"> pigment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174824/late-bronze-age-pigments-characterization-of-mycenaean-pottery-with-multi-analytical-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">453</span> An Image Processing Scheme for Skin Fungal Disease Identification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20M.%20A.%20S.%20S.%20Perera">A. A. M. A. S. S. Perera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20A.%20Ranasinghe"> L. A. Ranasinghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20K.%20H.%20Nimeshika"> T. K. H. Nimeshika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20M.%20Dhanushka%20Dissanayake"> D. M. Dhanushka Dissanayake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namalie%20Walgampaya"> Namalie Walgampaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, skin fungal diseases are mostly found in people of tropical countries like Sri Lanka. A skin fungal disease is a particular kind of illness caused by fungus. These diseases have various dangerous effects on the skin and keep on spreading over time. It becomes important to identify these diseases at their initial stage to control it from spreading. This paper presents an automated skin fungal disease identification system implemented to speed up the diagnosis process by identifying skin fungal infections in digital images. An image of the diseased skin lesion is acquired and a comprehensive computer vision and image processing scheme is used to process the image for the disease identification. This includes colour analysis using RGB and HSV colour models, texture classification using Grey Level Run Length Matrix, Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix and Local Binary Pattern, Object detection, Shape Identification and many more. This paper presents the approach and its outcome for identification of four most common skin fungal infections, namely, Tinea Corporis, Sporotrichosis, Malassezia and Onychomycosis. The main intention of this research is to provide an automated skin fungal disease identification system that increase the diagnostic quality, shorten the time-to-diagnosis and improve the efficiency of detection and successful treatment for skin fungal diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Circularity%20Index" title="Circularity Index">Circularity Index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grey%20Level%20Run%20Length%20Matrix" title=" Grey Level Run Length Matrix"> Grey Level Run Length Matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grey%20Level%20Co-Occurrence%20Matrix" title=" Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix"> Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Local%20Binary%20Pattern" title=" Local Binary Pattern"> Local Binary Pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Object%20detection" title=" Object detection"> Object detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ring%20Detection" title=" Ring Detection"> Ring Detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shape%20Identification" title=" Shape Identification"> Shape Identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82490/an-image-processing-scheme-for-skin-fungal-disease-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">452</span> Parasitic and Fungal Identification Bamboo Lobster Panulirus versicolour and Ornate Lobster P. ornatus Cultures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indriyani%20Nur">Indriyani Nur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusnaini"> Yusnaini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lobster cultures have failed because of mortalities associated with parasitic and fungal infections. Monitoring of spawned eggs and larva of bamboo lobsters, Panulirus versicolour, and ornate lobsters, P. ornatus, in a hatchery, was conducted in order to characterize fungal and parasitic diseases of eggs and larva. One species of protozoan parasite (Vorticella sp.) was identified from larvae while two species of fungi (Lagenidium sp. and Haliphthoros sp.) were found on eggs. Furthermore, adult lobsters cultured in floating net cage had burning-like diseases on their pleopod, uropod, and telson. Histopathological samples were collected for parasite and tissue changes. There were two parasites found to infect lobsters on external body and gill which are Octolasmis sp. and Oodinium sp. Histopathology showed tissue changes which are necrosis on hepatopancreas, necrosis in the gills and around the uropods and telson. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal" title="fungal">fungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lobster" title=" lobster"> lobster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasite" title=" parasite"> parasite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infection" title=" infection"> infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45988/parasitic-and-fungal-identification-bamboo-lobster-panulirus-versicolour-and-ornate-lobster-p-ornatus-cultures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">451</span> Effect of Supplementing Different Sources and Levels of Phytase Enzyme to Diets on Productive Performance for Broiler Chickens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunbul%20Jassim%20Hamodi">Sunbul Jassim Hamodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muna%20Khalid%20Khudayer"> Muna Khalid Khudayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firas%20Muzahem%20Hussein"> Firas Muzahem Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplement sources of Phytase enzyme (bacterial, fungal, enzymes mixture) using levels (250, 500, 750) FTY/ kg feed to diets compared with control on the performance for one thousand fifty broiler chicks (Ross 308) from 1day old with initial weight 39.78 gm till 42 days. The study involved 10 treatments, three replicates per treatment (35 chicks/replicate). Treatments were as follows: T1: control diet (without any addition). T2: added bacterial phytase enzyme 250FTY/ kg feed. T3: added bacterial phytase enzyme 500FTY/ kg feed. T4: added bacterial phytase enzyme 750FTY/ kg feed. T5: added fungal phytase enzyme 250FTY/ kg feed. T6: added fungal phytase enzyme 500FTY/ kg feed. T7: added fungal phytase enzyme 750FTY/ kg feed. T8 added enzymes mixture 250U/ kg feed. T9: added enzymes mixture 500U/ kg feed. T10: added enzymes mixture 750U/ kg feed. The results revealed that supplementing 750 U from enzymes mixture to broiler diet increased significantly (p <0.05) body weight compared with (250 FTY bacterial phytase/Kgfeed), (750 FTY bacterial phytase/Kg feed), (750FTY fungal phytase/Kgfeed) at 6 weeks, also supplemented different sources and levels from phytase enzyme improved a cumulative weight gain for (500 FTY bacterial phytase/Kgfeed), (250FTY fungal phytase/Kgfeed), (500FTY fungal phytase/Kgfeed), (250 Uenzymes mixture/Kgfeed), (500 Uenzymes mixture/Kgfeed) and (750 U enzymes mixture/Kgfeed) treatments compared with (750 FTY fungal phytase/Kgfeed)treatment, about accumulative feed consumption (500 FTY fungal phytase/Kgfeed) and (250 Uenzymes mixture/Kgfeed) increased significantly compared with control group and (750FTY fungal phytase/Kgfeed) during 1-6 weeks. There were significantly improved in cumulative feed conversion for (500U enzymes mixture/Kgfeed) compared with the worse feed conversion ratio that recorded in (250 FTY bacterial phytase/Kgfeed). No significant differences between treatments in internal organs relative weights, carcass cuts, dressing percentage and production index. Mortality was increased in (750FTY fungal phytase/Kgfeed) compared with other treatments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytase" title="phytase">phytase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytic%20acid" title=" phytic acid"> phytic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler" title=" broiler"> broiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productive%20performance" title=" productive performance"> productive performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44695/effect-of-supplementing-different-sources-and-levels-of-phytase-enzyme-to-diets-on-productive-performance-for-broiler-chickens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">450</span> Role of Selenite and Selenate Uptake by Maize Plants in Chlorophyll A and B Content</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Garousi">F. Garousi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Veres"> S. Veres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%89.%20B%C3%B3di"> É. Bódi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20V%C3%A1rallyay"> S. Várallyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Kov%C3%A1cs"> B. Kovács</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extracting and determining chlorophyll pigments (chlorophyll a and b) in green leaves are the procedures based on the solvent extraction of pigments in samples using N,N-dimethylformamide as the extractant. In this study, two species of soluble inorganic selenium forms, selenite (Se( IV)) and selenate (Se( VI)) at different concentrations were investigated on maize plants that were growing in nutrient solutions during 2 weeks and at the end of the experiment, amounts of chlorophyll a and b for first and second leaves of maize were measured. In accordance with the results we observed that our regarded Se concentrations in both forms of Se( IV) and Se( VI) were not effective on maize plants’ chlorophyll a and b significantly although high level of 3 mg.kg-1 Se( IV) had negative affect on growth of the samples that had been treated by it but about Se( VI) samples we did not observe this state and our different considered Se( VI) concentrations were not toxic for maize plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title="maize">maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20selenate" title=" sodium selenate"> sodium selenate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20selenite" title=" sodium selenite"> sodium selenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorophyll%20a%20and%20b" title=" chlorophyll a and b "> chlorophyll a and b </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27082/role-of-selenite-and-selenate-uptake-by-maize-plants-in-chlorophyll-a-and-b-content" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">449</span> Isolation and Identification of Fungal Pathogens in Palm Groves of Oued Righ </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakhdari%20Wassima">Lakhdari Wassima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouffroukh%20Ammar"> Ouffroukh Ammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahliz%20Abderrahm%C3%A8ne"> Dahliz Abderrahmène</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soud%20Adila"> Soud Adila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammi%20Hamida"> Hammi Hamida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%E2%80%99lik%20Randa"> M’lik Randa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prospected palm groves of Oued Righ regions (Ouargla, Algeria) allowed us to observe sudden death of palm trees aged between 05 and 70 years. Field examinations revealed abnormal clinical signs with sometimes a quick death of affected trees. Entomologic investigations have confirmed the absence of phytophagous insects on dead trees. Further investigations by questioning farmers on the global management of palm groves visited (Irrigation, water quality used, soil type, etc.) did not establish any relationship between these aspects and the death of palm trees, which naturally pushed us to focus our investigations for research on fungal pathogens. Thus, laboratory studies were conducted to know the real causes of this phenomenon, 13 fungi were found on different parts of the dead palm trees. The flowing fungal types were identified: 1-Diplodia phoenicum, 2-Theilaviopsis paradoxa, 3-Phytophthora sp, 4-Helminthosporium sp, 5-Stemphylium botryosum, 6-Alternaria sp, 7-Aspergillus niger, 8-Aspergillus sp. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20tree" title="palm tree">palm tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=death" title=" death"> death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20pathogens" title=" fungal pathogens"> fungal pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oued%20Righ" title=" Oued Righ "> Oued Righ </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14128/isolation-and-identification-of-fungal-pathogens-in-palm-groves-of-oued-righ" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">448</span> The Method for Synthesis of Chromium Oxide Nano Particles as Increasing Color Intensity on Industrial Ceramics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bagher%20Aziz%20Kalantari">Bagher Aziz Kalantari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Rafiei"> Javad Rafiei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Reza%20Talei%20Bavil%20Olyai"> Mohamad Reza Talei Bavil Olyai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Disclosed is a method of preparing a pigmentary chromium oxide nano particles having 50 percent particle size less than about 100nm. According to the disclosed method, a substantially dry solid composition of potassium dichromate and carbon active is heated in CO2 atmosphere to a temperature of about 600ºc for 1hr. Thereafter, the solid Cr2O3 product was washed twice with distilled water. The other aim of this study is to assess both the colouring performance and the potential of nano-pigments in the ceramic tile decoration. The rationable consists in nano-pigment application in several ceramics, including a comparison of colour performance with conventional micro-pigments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20chromium%20oxide" title="green chromium oxide">green chromium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20particles" title=" nano particles"> nano particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colour%20performances" title=" colour performances"> colour performances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size" title=" particle size"> particle size</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46235/the-method-for-synthesis-of-chromium-oxide-nano-particles-as-increasing-color-intensity-on-industrial-ceramics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">447</span> Scientific Investigation for an Ancient Egyptian Polychrome Wooden Stele </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abdrabou">Ahmed Abdrabou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medhat%20Abdalla"> Medhat Abdalla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The studied stele dates back to Third Intermediate Period (1075-664) B.C in an ancient Egypt. It is made of wood and covered with painted gesso layers. This study aims to use a combination of multi spectral imaging {visible, infrared (IR), Visible-induced infrared luminescence (VIL), Visible-induced ultraviolet luminescence (UVL) and ultraviolet reflected (UVR)}, along with portable x-ray fluorescence in order to map and identify the pigments as well as to provide a deeper understanding of the painting techniques. Moreover; the authors were significantly interested in the identification of wood species. Multispectral imaging acquired in 3 spectral bands, ultraviolet (360-400 nm), visible (400-780 nm) and infrared (780-1100 nm) using (UV Ultraviolet-induced luminescence (UVL), UV Reflected (UVR), Visible (VIS), Visible-induced infrared luminescence (VIL) and Infrared photography. False color images are made by digitally editing the VIS with IR or UV images using Adobe Photoshop. Optical Microscopy (OM), potable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (p-XRF) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used in this study. Mapping and imaging techniques provided useful information about the spatial distribution of pigments, in particular visible-induced luminescence (VIL) which allowed the spatial distribution of Egyptian blue pigment to be mapped and every region containing Egyptian blue, even down to single crystals in some instances, is clearly visible as a bright white area; however complete characterization of the pigments requires the use of p. XRF spectroscopy. Based on the elemental analysis found by P.XRF, we conclude that the artists used mixtures of the basic mineral pigments to achieve a wider palette of hues. Identification of wood species Microscopic identification indicated that the wood used was Sycamore Fig (Ficus sycomorus L.) which is recorded as being native to Egypt and was used to make wooden artifacts since at least the Fifth Dynasty. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polychrome%20wooden%20stele" title="polychrome wooden stele">polychrome wooden stele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multispectral%20imaging" title=" multispectral imaging"> multispectral imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IR%20luminescence" title=" IR luminescence"> IR luminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wood%20identification" title=" Wood identification"> Wood identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sycamore%20Fig" title=" Sycamore Fig"> Sycamore Fig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-XRF" title=" p-XRF "> p-XRF </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58954/scientific-investigation-for-an-ancient-egyptian-polychrome-wooden-stele" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">446</span> Proposal for a Web System for the Control of Fungal Diseases in Grapes in Fruits Markets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Tarme%C3%B1o%20Noriega">Carlos Tarmeño Noriega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Aguilar%20Alonso"> Igor Aguilar Alonso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fungal diseases are common in vineyards; they cause a decrease in the quality of the products that can be sold, generating distrust of the customer towards the seller when buying fruit. Currently, technology allows the classification of fruits according to their characteristics thanks to artificial intelligence. This study proposes the implementation of a control system that allows the identification of the main fungal diseases present in the Italia grape, making use of a convolutional neural network (CNN), OpenCV, and TensorFlow. The methodology used was based on a collection of 20 articles referring to the proposed research on quality control, classification, and recognition of fruits through artificial vision techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title="computer vision">computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20networks" title=" convolutional neural networks"> convolutional neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20control" title=" quality control"> quality control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20market" title=" fruit market"> fruit market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenCV" title=" OpenCV"> OpenCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TensorFlow" title=" TensorFlow"> TensorFlow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160550/proposal-for-a-web-system-for-the-control-of-fungal-diseases-in-grapes-in-fruits-markets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">445</span> Painting in Neolithic of Northwest Iberia: Archaeometrical Studies Applied to Megalithic Monuments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%C3%A9sar%20Oliveira">César Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20M.%20S.%20Bettencourt"> Ana M. S. Bettencourt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luciano%20Vilas%20Boas"> Luciano Vilas Boas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%C3%ADs%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Luís Gonçalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlo%20Bottaini"> Carlo Bottaini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Funerary megalithic monuments are probably under the most remarkable remains of the Neolithic period of western Europe. Some monuments are well known for their paintings, sometimes associated with engraved motifs, giving the funerary crypts a character of great symbolic value. The engraved and painted motifs, the colors used in the paintings, and the offerings associated with the deposited corpses are archaeological data that, being part of the funeral rites, also reveal the ideological world of these communities and their way of interacting with the world. In this sense, the choice of colors to be used in the paintings, the pigments collected, and the proceeds for making the paints would also be significant performances. The present study will focus on the characterization of painted art from megalithic monuments located in different areas of North-Western Portugal (coastal and inland). The colorant composition of megalithic barrows decorated with rock art motifs was studied using a multi-analytical approach (XRD, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and GC-MS), allowing the characterization of the painting techniques, pigments, and the organic compounds used as binders. Some analyses revealed that the pigments used for painting were produced using a collection of mined or quarried organic and inorganic substances. The results will be analyzed from the perspective of contingencies and regularity among the different case studies in order to interpret more or less standardized behaviors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=funerary%20megalithic%20monuments" title="funerary megalithic monuments">funerary megalithic monuments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=painting%20motifs" title=" painting motifs"> painting motifs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeometrical%20studies" title=" archaeometrical studies"> archaeometrical studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Northwest%20Iberia" title=" Northwest Iberia"> Northwest Iberia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviors" title=" behaviors"> behaviors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159912/painting-in-neolithic-of-northwest-iberia-archaeometrical-studies-applied-to-megalithic-monuments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">444</span> Associated Mycoflora AF Mucuna Sloanei Seeds and Their Effects on Nutritional and Phytochemical Contents of the Seeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.N.%20Emiri">U.N. Emiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Moroyei"> E. Moroyei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mycoflora associated with the seed rot disease of Mucuna sloanei and their effects on nutrient and phytochemical composition of the seeds were investigated. The fungal pathogens implicated in the seed rot disease were Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum. The fungal isolates were aseptically inoculated into healthy M. Sloanei seeds and incubated for 7 days at room temperature of 25 ± 30c. The results of the proximate and mineral analysis in mg/100g of fungal infected and non-infected (control) seeds that were carried out revealed that there was an increase in Moisture and Carbohydrate content of the fungal infected seeds relative to the non-infected seeds (control). However, there was a decrease in Ash, Fibre, Lipid, and Protein content of the fungal infected seeds relative to the non-infected (control). It was observed that moisture had increased from 10.50 ± 0.16 in the non-infected seeds to 17.60 ± 0.20 in the infected samples and Carbohydrate content had also increased from 49.6 ± 0.25 in the non-infected to 52.50 ± 0.29 in the infected seeds. The following parameters decreased in the infected than in the non-infected seeds. They include Ash 2.60 ± 0.12, Crude fibre 1.9 ± 0.08, Lipid 6.50 ± 0.16, and Protein content 18.50 ± 0.06. Similarly, Calcium 2.50 ± 0.12, Phosphorus 1.80 + 0.12 and Potassium 1.80 + 0.09 increased in the infected than in the non-infected seed, while iron 0.20 ± 0.05, Sodium 0.02 ± 0.01 and Magnesium 0.06 ± 0.02 decreased in the infected seeds. All phytochemical contents analyzed increased in the infected seeds viz Tannim 0.50 ± 0.12, Oxalate 1.60 ± 0.05, Hydrogen cyanide 1.82 ± 0.06, and Saponin 2.50+0.28. However, the nutrient compositions and Phytochemical between the infected and non-infected seeds are not significantly different (p > 0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mycoflora" title="Mycoflora">Mycoflora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucuna%20sloanei" title=" mucuna sloanei"> mucuna sloanei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seeds" title=" seeds"> seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical" title=" phytochemical"> phytochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20composition" title=" nutrient composition"> nutrient composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117101/associated-mycoflora-af-mucuna-sloanei-seeds-and-their-effects-on-nutritional-and-phytochemical-contents-of-the-seeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">443</span> Biodegradation of Triclosan and Tetracycline in Sewage Sludge by Pleurotus Ostreatus Fungal Pellets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayda%20Maadani%20Mallak">Ayda Maadani Mallak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20lakzian"> Amir lakzian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Khodaverdi"> Elham Khodaverdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gholam%20Hossein%20Haghnia"> Gholam Hossein Haghnia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products such as antibiotics and antibacterials has been increased in recent years. Since the major part of consumed compounds remains unchanged in the wastewater treatment plant, they will easily find their way into the human food chain following the land use of sewage sludge (SS). Biological treatment of SS is one the most effective methods for expunging contaminants. White rot fungi, due to their ligninolytic enzymes, are extensively used to degrade organic compounds. Among all three different morphological forms and growth patterns of filamentous fungi (mycelia, clumps, and pellets), fungal pellet formation has been the subject of interest in industrial bioprocesses. Therefore this study was aimed to investigate the uptake of tetracycline (TC) and triclosan (TCS) by radish plant (Raphanus sativus) from soil amended with untreated and pretreated SS by P. ostreatus fungal pellets under greenhouse conditions. The experimental soil was amended with 1) Contaminated SS with TC at a concentration of 100 mgkg-1 and pretreated by fungal pellets, 2) Contaminated SS with TC at 100 mgkg-1 and untreated with fungal pellets, 3) Contaminated SS with TCS at a concentration of 50 mgkg-1 and pretreated by fungal pellets, 4) contaminated SS with TCS at 50 mgkg-1 and untreated with fungal pellets. An uncontaminated and untreated SS-amended soil also was considered as control treatment. An AB SCIEX 3200 QTRAP LC-MS/MS system was used in order to analyze the concentration of TC and TCS in plant tissues and soil medium. Results of this study revealed that the presence of TC and TCS in SS-amended soil decreased the radish biomass significantly. The reduction effect of TCS on dry biomass of shoot and root was 39 and 45% compared to controls, whereas for TC, the reduction percentage for shoot and root was 27 and 40.6%, respectively. However, fungal treatment of SS by P. ostreatus pellets reduced the negative effect of both compounds on plant biomass remarkably, as no significant difference was observed compared to control treatments. Pretreatment of SS with P. ostreatus also caused a significant reduction in translocation factor (concentration in shoot/root), especially for TC compound up to 32.3%, whereas this reduction for TCS was less (8%) compared to untreated SS. Generally, the results of this study confirmed the positive effect of using fungal pellets in SS amendment to decrease TC and TCS uptake by radish plants. In conclusion, P. ostreatus fungal pellets might provide future insights into bioaugmentation to remove antibiotics from environmental matrices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic" title="antibiotic">antibiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20pellet" title=" fungal pellet"> fungal pellet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewage%20sludge" title=" sewage sludge"> sewage sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white-rot%20fungi" title=" white-rot fungi"> white-rot fungi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143431/biodegradation-of-triclosan-and-tetracycline-in-sewage-sludge-by-pleurotus-ostreatus-fungal-pellets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">442</span> Aflatoxin Contamination of Abattoir Wastes in Ogun State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F.%20Gbadebo">A. F. Gbadebo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20O.%20Atanda"> O. O. Atanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20C.%20Adetunji"> M. C. Adetunji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the level of aflatoxin contamination of abattoir wastes in Ogun State, Nigeria, due to continued complaints of poor hygiene of abattoir centers in the states as a result of improper disposal of abattoir wastes. Wastes from the three senatorial districts of the state were evaluated for their levels of aflatoxin contamination. The moisture content, total plate count, fungal counts, percentage frequency of fungal occurrence as well as the level of aflatoxin contamination of the abattoir wastes were determined by standard methods. The moisture content of the wastes ranged between 79.10-87.46 %, total plate count from 1.37-3.27×10³cfu/ml, and fungal counts from 2.73-3.30×10²cfu/ml. Four fungal species: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Penicillium citrinum were isolated from the wastes, with Aspergillus flavus having the highest percentage frequency of occurrence of 29.76%. The aflatoxin content of the samples was found to range between 3.20-4.80 µg/kg. These findings showed that abattoir wastes from Ogun State are contaminated with aflatoxins and pose a health risk to humans and animals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abattoir%20wastes" title="abattoir wastes">abattoir wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aflatoxin" title=" aflatoxin"> aflatoxin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20load" title=" microbial load"> microbial load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogun%20state" title=" Ogun state"> Ogun state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156770/aflatoxin-contamination-of-abattoir-wastes-in-ogun-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">441</span> Effect of Garlic Powder Extract on Fungi Isolated from Diseased Irish Potato in Bokkos, Plateau State Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musa%20Filibus%20Gugu">Musa Filibus Gugu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An investigation was carried out on the effect of garlic powder extract on fungi associated with Irish potato rot in Bokkos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Diseased Irish potatoes were randomly collected from three markets in the study location and fungal species isolated. Isolated fungal species were Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Pytophthora infestans. Frequency of occurrence for Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Pytophthora infestans was 10%, 34%, and 56%, respectively, using sabauraud dextrose agar, after incubation for 4-7 days. Treatment of Pytophthora infestans with garlic powder extract at concentrations of 0.5g/ml, 0.4g/ml, 0.3gml, 0.2g/ml and 0.1g/ml showed 100%, 92%, 68%, 32% and 10% inhibition zones, respectively. Fusarium culmorum showed 100%, 90%, 40%, 9% and 0% inhibition zones when treated with garlic powder extract at concentrations of 0.5g/ml, 0.4g/ml, 0.3gml, 0.2g/ml and 0.1g/ml, respectively. Garlic powder extract concentrations of 0.5g/ml, 0.4g/ml, 0.3gml, 0.2g/ml and 0.1g/ml showed 100%, 98%, 55%, 30%, 0% inhibition zones, respectively on Fusarium oxysporum. Hence, Restriction of the radial growth of the fungal colonies suggests a good antifungal effect of garlic extract. This can be integrated into the treatment of fungal diseases of Irish potato in Bokkos, Nigeria, as this will help to reduce the indiscriminate use of fungicides, especially in an environment with a struggling economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20rot" title="fungal rot">fungal rot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garlic%20extract" title=" garlic extract"> garlic extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition%20zone" title=" inhibition zone"> inhibition zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irish%20potato" title=" Irish potato "> Irish potato </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124570/effect-of-garlic-powder-extract-on-fungi-isolated-from-diseased-irish-potato-in-bokkos-plateau-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">440</span> Impact of Climate Variability on Dispersal and Distribution of Airborne Pollen and Fungal Spores in Nsukka, South-East Nigeria: Implication on Public Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimphna%20Ezikanyi">Dimphna Ezikanyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gloria%20Sakwari"> Gloria Sakwari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Airborne pollen and fungal spores are major triggers of allergies, and their abundance and seasonality depend on plant responses to climatic and meteorological variables. A survey of seasonal prevalence of airborne pollen and fungal spores in Nsukka, Enugu, South- East Nigeria and relationship to climatic variables were carried out from Jan-June, 2017. The aim of the study was to access climate change and variability over time in the area and their accrued influence on modern pollen and spores rain. Decadal change in climate was accessed from variables collected from meteorological centre in the study area. Airborne samples were collected monthly using a modified Tauber-like pollen samplers raised 5 ft above ground level. Aerosamples collected were subjected to acetolysis. Dominant pollen recorded were those of Poaceae, Elaeis guinensis Jacq. and Casuarina equisetifolia L. Change in weather brought by onset of rainfall evoked sporulation and dispersal of diverse spores into ambient air especially potent allergenic spores with the spores of Ovularia, Bispora, Curvularia, Nigrospora, Helminthosporium preponderant; these 'hydrophilic fungi' were abundant in the rainy season though in varying quantities. Total fungal spores correlated positively with monthly rainfall and humidity but negatively with temperature. There was a negative though not significant correlation between total pollen count and rainfall. The study revealed a strong influence of climatic variables on abundance and spatial distribution of pollen and fungal spores in the ambient atmosphere. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allergy" title="allergy">allergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20spores" title=" fungal spores"> fungal spores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollen" title=" pollen"> pollen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weather%20parameters" title=" weather parameters"> weather parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78605/impact-of-climate-variability-on-dispersal-and-distribution-of-airborne-pollen-and-fungal-spores-in-nsukka-south-east-nigeria-implication-on-public-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">439</span> Studies on Dye Removal by Aspergillus niger Strain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Mahmoud">M. S. Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samah%20A.%20Mohamed"> Samah A. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neama%20A.%20Sobhy"> Neama A. Sobhy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For color removal from wastewater containing organic contaminants, biological treatment systems have been widely used such as physical and chemical methods of flocculation, coagulation. Fungal decolorization of dye containing wastewater is one of important goal in industrial wastewater treatment. This work was aimed to characterize Aspergillus niger strain for dye removal from aqueous solution and from raw textile wastewater. Batch experiments were studied for removal of color using fungal isolate biomass under different conditions. Environmental conditions like pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial dye concentration were studied. Influence of the pH on the removal of azo dye by Aspergillus niger was carried out between pH 1.0 and pH 11.0. The optimum pH for red dye decolonization was 9.0. Results showed the decolorization of dye was decreased with the increase of its initial dye concentration. The adsorption data was analyzed based on the models of equilibrium isotherm (Freundlich model and Langmuir model). During the adsorption isotherm studies; dye removal was better fitted to Freundlich model. The isolated fungal biomass was characterized according to its surface area both pre and post the decolorization process by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. Results indicate that the isolated fungal biomass showed higher affinity for dye in decolorization process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title=" biosorption"> biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye" title=" dye"> dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotherms" title=" isotherms"> isotherms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48461/studies-on-dye-removal-by-aspergillus-niger-strain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">438</span> Gut Mycobiome Dysbiosis and Its Impact on Intestinal Permeability in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang-Jen%20Wang">Liang-Jen Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Chou%20Li"> Sung-Chou Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Ming%20Yeh"> Yuan-Ming Yeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Yu%20Lee"> Sheng-Yu Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho-Chang%20Kuo"> Ho-Chang Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Yu%20Yang"> Chia-Yu Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Dysbiosis in the gut microbial community might be involved in the pathophysiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The fungal component of the gut microbiome, namely the mycobiota, is a hyperdiverse group of multicellular eukaryotes that can influence host intestinal permeability. This study therefore aimed to investigate the impact of fungal mycobiome dysbiosis and intestinal permeability on ADHD. Methods: Faecal samples were collected from 35 children with ADHD and from 35 healthy controls. Total DNA was extracted from the faecal samples, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were sequenced using high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS). The fungal taxonomic classification was analysed using bioinformatics tools, and the differentially expressed fungal species between the ADHD and healthy control groups were identified. An in vitro permeability assay (Caco-2 cell layer) was used to evaluate the biological effects of fungal dysbiosis on intestinal epithelial barrier function. Results: The β-diversity (the species diversity between two communities), but not α-diversity (the species diversity within a community), reflected the differences in fungal community composition between ADHD and control groups. At the phylum level, the ADHD group displayed a significantly higher abundance of Ascomycota and significantly lower abundance of Basidiomycota than the healthy control group. At the genus level, the abundance of Candida (especially Candida albicans) was significantly increased in ADHD patients compared to the healthy controls. In addition, the in vitro cell assay revealed that C. albicans secretions significantly enhanced the permeability of Caco-2 cells. Conclusions: The current study is the first to explore altered gut mycobiome dysbiosis using the NGS platform in ADHD. The findings from this study indicated that dysbiosis of the fungal mycobiome and intestinal permeability might be associated with susceptibility to ADHD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADHD" title="ADHD">ADHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungus" title=" fungus"> fungus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%E2%80%93brain%20axis" title=" gut–brain axis"> gut–brain axis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarker" title=" biomarker"> biomarker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20psychiatry" title=" child psychiatry"> child psychiatry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163721/gut-mycobiome-dysbiosis-and-its-impact-on-intestinal-permeability-in-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20pigments&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20pigments&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20pigments&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20pigments&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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